Primary

"$35,000,000SPENTINPROHIBITIONFIGHT,WHEELERTELLSREED."
NewYorkTimes
24June1926:1+.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
ThissourceisanarticleaboutadiscussionbetweenSenatorReedandWayneWheeler
intheSenateovertheAntiSaloonLeaguefundingbetweenJan.1,1920andDec.31,
1925.ThisisthestartofWaynesASLfundingquestioningthateventuallyledhimto
bekickedfromhispositionintheASL.

"ANDERSONASSAILSWHEELER:SeesAntiSaloonLeagueFailingUnderPresent
Leadership."
NewYorkTimes
20Nov.1925:14.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.
Web.7Feb.2015.
ThisisanarticlethatexplainshowAndersonattackedWheelerataconventionheld
bytheASLinChicagoaboutbeingtoosafe.AndersonwasaSuperintendentinthe
NewYorkASLandwasprobablyoneofthemoreradicalbignamedpeoplewithinthe
ASL.

"ARGUEFORPROHIBITION.:SenateCommitteeToldLiquorTraffic"Hamstrings"the
Army."
NewYorkTimes
19June1918:10.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7
Feb.2015.
AnarticleinwhichWheelerarguesthatalcoholtrafficcripplesthearmyandnavy,
andblamesthe100,000carsbeingusedforliquortransportationiscausingthe
transportationshortage.Thisprovesjusthowmuchhewouldtwistseeminglyrandom
thingsintoanargumentagainstalcohol.

Coffey,ThomasM.
TheLongThirst:ProhibitioninAmerica,19201933
.NewYork:Norton,
1975.Print.
Abookthatprovidedaveryindepthviewandaccountofthepoliticsthatwerebehind
anddrovethe18thAmendmentintoratification.TalksquiteabitaboutWheeler,but
inthiscase,wasgenerallyveryunbiasedtowardshim,providingaseeminglyvery
credibleaccountofhischaracterandactions.

"DENIESJOKERBY'WET'LOBBY:ProhibitionAmendmentWillBeRatified,SaysWayne
B.Wheeler."
TheWashingtonPost
4Aug.1917:5.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.
Web.7Feb.2015.
Anarticlethattookplacetwoyearsbeforetheactualratificationofthe18th
amendment,inwhichWheelerisveryconfidentthattheratificationwouldoccur
withinasixyearspan.ThishelpsprovethatWheelerisveryconfidentinboththeASL
andinProhibition.


"DRYENFORCEMENTMACHINERYAMPLE."
TheChristianScienceMonitor
[Boston,
Massachusetts]18Apr.1919:5.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AnarticleinwhichWheelerinformspeoplethatthe14thAmendmentwillnotprotect
themiftheyarehoardingalcoholintheirhouse.Heclaimsthatstoredliquoris
subjecttoconfiscationandgoesfurtherintoclaimingthatstoringliquorbeforethe
legaleffectofProhibitionistryingtoevadethelaw.

"DRYSASSAILSMITHWETSHITWHEELER."
NewYorkTimes
23June1924:6.
ProQuest
HistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AnarticleinwhichTheAntiSaloonLeagueisbeingattackedforhavingWilliam
JenningsBryanintheirpayrolltosupposedlycrippletheDemocratsandclaims
WayneWheelerisaRepublican.

Gilmore,TM."THEPURCHASEOFLIQUORS.:ProposesThatLocalandStateProhibition
LawsForbidIt."
NewYorkTimes
30Sept.1911:12.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.
Web.7Feb.2015.
ThissourceisanarticlethataddressesWheelersbeliefsandattempttomakealaw
aboutpeoplenotbeingabletopurchase,possess,orusealcoholicbeveragesindry
territories.Thiswouldeventuallygetputintolaw

"GOVERNMENTBYTHEANTISALOONLEAGUE."
ChicagoDailyTribune
21May1927:
6.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
ChicagoTribunearticlethatquestionsthepoweroftheAntiSaloonLeaguebecause
ofthefactthattheywantcontroloftheenforcementofthe18thAmendment.This
sourceexploresthefactthattheASLhaspotentiallytoomuchpowerandcouldmaybe
evenconsidereditsowngovernment.

"HOWWHEELERSATONLID.:GeneralCounselofAntiSaloonLeagueaPower."
Los
AngelesTimes
3Oct.1919:III28.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.
2015.
ThisarticlegivestheASLpracticallyfullcreditforthe18thAmendment.Thisis
especiallyincludingWheeler,whomthearticleevengivesabriefbackgroundon
includinghiscollegedays,careerandcampaign.Thisshowsthateventhegeneral
publicwasabletoconnectWheelerasaprominentProhibitionleaderatthetime.

"HowProhibitionWasWon."
Times
[London,England]4July1919:xi.
TheTimesDigital
Archive
.Web.7Feb.2015.

ThisisaLondonTimesarticlethatgivesageneralhistoryofProhibition,itwas
publishedthesameyearthe18thAmendmentwasratified.Italsocontainssomemaps
ofwetanddrystatesthroughoutdifferentperiodsintime.

Leavitt,JohnBrooks."WAYNEB.WHEELER'SWAYS:AreLosingHimPublicRespect,
AssertsFoeofVolsteadAct."
NewYorkTimes
15July1926:22.
ProQuestHistorical
Newspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AnarticlefromaWetthatattackstheentiretyofWayneWheelersactionsand
practicallyeverythinghestandsforwithProhibition.Exclaimsabouttheimmorality
oftheVolsteadActandmentionstheDeclarationofIndependenceasbackupfornot
needingtoobeyanimmorallaw.

"PREDICTSFAILUREOFFIGHTBY'WETS':ProhibitionWillBeEnforcedinAllStates,
SaysAntiSaloonCounsel."
NewYorkTimes
23Feb.1919:16.
ProQuestHistorical
Newspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
Wheelerdefendsprohibitionagainstwetsthatdontbelieveitwilloccurona
nationallevel,butonlystatewide.Butlookingatthetimeofthisarticle,national
ProhibitionwasratifiedinnearlyeverystateprovingWheelerspoint.

"Prints&PhotographsOnlineCatalog."
LibraryofCongress
.N.p.,n.d.Web.12Feb.2015.
TheLibraryofCongress,containedmanyrelevantprimarysourcepicturesof
Prohibitionwithbootlegging,fliers,cartoonsandspeakeasiesallcaptured.Allofthe
picturesfromherethatwespecificallytookaresourcedseparatelyinprimary
pictures.

"Prohibition,1927."
Eyewitnesstohistory.com.
N.p.,2007.Web.09Feb.2015.
Eyewitness,firsthandaccountofProhibitionbysomeonethatlivedit.Helpsgivethe
publicopinionofthe18thAmendmentatthetime.Thissourcegoesontomainlymake
thepointaboutthefailuresoftheenforcementofProhibitionandalmostalludestothe
failuresofthattotheinevitabledemiseofProhibition.

Steuart,Justin,andEdwinC.Dinwiddie.
WayneWheeler,DryBossanUncensoredBiography
ofWayneB.Wheeler
.NewYork:FlemingH.Revell,1928.Print.
VeryusefulbookwhichcontainedaverydetailedaccountofWheelerslife.Itwas
writtenbysomeonethatknewhimpersonallyandwasconsiderablybiasedtowards
him.Evenwiththebias,however,itprovedtobeaveryimportantandtightaccountof
Wheelerspoliticalsuccessesandfailuresthroughouttheentiretyofhiscareerinthe
AntiSaloonLeague.

"TheRightofSearchForLiquor."
TheTimes
[London,England]20Aug.1921:8.
ProQuest
HistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
ALondonTimesarticlethatexplainswhatsgoingonintheUSSenateconcerningthe
rightofsearchandseizurewithoutwarrantsinsearchofalcoholinhomes.Explains
andnameshowsomedrySenatorshaveturnedagainsttheASLwiththisideain
mind.AlsoincludesasummaryofSenatorReedsattackontoVolsteadandWheeler,
thesamesenatorthatquestionedWheelersASLpoliticalspendingyearslater.

"TOAPPEARINBEERCASE.:AntiSaloonLeagueWillBeRepresentedbyCounselin
FederalCourt."
NewYorkTimes
22Mar.1919:9.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.
Web.7Feb.2015.
NewYorkTimesarticlethatwentontoexplaintheprobabilityofWheelers
appearanceinasuitagainstbrewerythatdisobeyedtheEmergencyProhibitionLaw
becauseofhisappearanceinpracticallyeveryimportantcasebytheASL.Thisproves
justhowsuccessfulhewasasanattorneyfortheASLandhowversatilehewas
consideringhewasalsogeneralcounselforthenationalASLbythistime.

"TwoSidesOfProhibition."
Times
[London,England]3July1920:45+.
TheTimesDigital
Archive
.Web.7Feb.2015.
ThisisaLondonTimesarticlethatprovidedbothsidesoftheProhibitionargument,
oneforthecauseandtheother,against.ThesupportforProhibitionwas
written/providedbytheAntiSaloonLeague.Thiswashelpfulinordertoseeboth
sidesoftheProhibitionargumentsidebyside.

"TwoYearsOfProhibition."
Times
[London,England]4July1921:xvi.
TheTimesDigital
Archive
.Web.7Feb.2015.a
ThisisaLondonTimesarticlethatmainlydiscussesthesupportandoppositionof
Prohibition,thesupportsectionwaswrittenbyamemberoftheAntiSaloonLeague.It
alsodiscussesthedifficultieswithenforcingProhibitionsinceittookeffecttwoyears
prior.

Ulm,A.H."WHEELER'S"DRY"BUDGETSTRENGTHENSHISHAND."
NewYorkTimes
(1923CurrentFile)
26June1927:XX6.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7
Feb.2015.
ThisNYTarticleexplainsthatwiththeextra$600,000addedtotheAntiSaloon
LeaguebudgetforcampaigningwillgomainlytowardsbattlingtheelectionofWet
candidatesforpresidentsincetheytookmainlytotheDryrepresentationin
Congressintherecentpast.

"WayneB.WheelerTellsforNewYorkTimesTheInsideStoryoftheProhibitionFight."
New
YorkTimes
26Mar.1926:1.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AshortaccountexplainingsomemainconceptsinWheelersTheInsideStoryofthe
ProhibitionFight.ItalsoverybrieflyalludestosomeofWheelersmoreimportant
politicalwinsasthisarticleisjustasponsorforfuturepublishmentarticlesofthe
actualstorythatareyettofollow.

"WHEELERCLASHESWITHDARROWHEREINDRYLAWDEBATE."
NewYorkTimes
24Apr.1927:1+.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.
ThisarticlethoroughlyexplainsthepublicargumentbetweenDarrow,whowantsto
nullifythe18thAmendment,andWayneWheeler.Thecrowdwatchingthiswas
heavilywetandsidedagainstWheeler,whichwascommonbythistime.Thetimeof
thisprovesittobeoneofWheelerslastaccountsofdefendingProhibitionbeforehis
leaveoftheASLandeventualdeath.

"WHEELERDRYCLAIMSAREDISPUTEDBYWETS."
NewYorkTimes
11Nov.1922:2.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
TheAssociationAgainstProhibitionclaimelectionvictoriesandweaknessinagainst
WayneWheeler.AttacksagainstWheelerhimselfwereverycommonandinfactshow
justhowprominentandwellknownhewasifpoliticiansetc.wouldattackhimversus
theentiretyoftheASL.

"WHEELERGOESTOCOOLIDGE.:TellsPresidentThatBucknerFliesWhiteFlagonDry
Enforcement."
NewYorkTimes
17Nov.1925:2.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.
Web.7Feb.2015.
Anarticlethatexplainsthateverytimethereisaprohibitionenforcementproblem,
WheelershowsuptotheWhiteHouse.Also,referstostateswavingthewhiteflagto
theliquorcriminalsinassociationwithlackingprohibitionenforcementeitheronthe
statelevel,locallevelorboth.

"WHEELERPRAISES6YEARSOFDRYLAW."
NewYorkTimes
16Jan.1926:5.
ProQuest
HistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AnarticleinwhichWheelerexclaimsoverthechangestothenationthathavebeen
causedbynationalprohibitionbeinginactionforsixyears.Thisincludesthelows
pauperismratiointhehistoryofthenation,betterhealthandofcourselessalcohol
consumed.

"WHEELERRIDICULESSLOGANOFTHEWETS."
NewYorkTimes
18Apr.1926:23.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.

AnarticleinwhichWheelerdefendsthedrysagainstthenewwetssloganof
facethefactsbecauseofthefactthatthefactsbackupthedrys.Thisalso
providesinformationonthebackgroundoftheASLaskingfor$750,000,000peryear
forProhibitionenforcement.

"WHEELERSAYSTREATYMAYHELPDRYLAW:ButtheAntiSaloonLeagueDefers
TakingaStanceOntheBritishAgreement."
NewYorkTimes
12Nov.1923:19.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
AnarticleinwhichWheelersaccountsofaproposedagreementwithGreatBritain
allowingforthesearchofliquoronshipscomingontoUSshores.Thishelpsshowhis
impactandleadershipinthenationalProhibitionenforcementbecauseofhowactively
hepursuedthemostaggressiveenforcements.

Wheeler,WayneB."POWERTOMADECOUNTRYDRY:HowAmendmentWillBe
Enforced."
NewYorkTimes
11May1919:52.
ProQuestHistoricalNewspapers
.Web.
7Feb.2015.
Alongarticleaboutthepowersofthe18thAmendment.Itgoesontolistsomeofthe
enforcementofProhibitionbyCongressandthepossiblecomponentsofthe
enforcementthatwill/arecausingconflictbetweenLegislationandCongress,and
wetsanddrys.

Wheeler,WayneB."TheEighteenthAmendmentandItsEnforcement."
AmericanMemory
.N.p.,
15Sept.1920.Web.7Feb.2015.
ThisisacopyofWheelersaddressinWashington,D.C.wherehespeaksabout
Prohibitionandoutlineswhatthe18thAmendmentwilllooklike.Thishelpedprove
howhehelpedthepublicunderstandtheamendmentandalsoprovedthathewasalso
apublicfigureofProhibition.

Wheeler,WayneB."WAYNEB.WHEELER'SVIEW.:HeSeesAnalogyBetweenWetVote
andOnetoKillRedHeaded."
NewYorkTimes
8Nov.1926:18.
ProQuestHistorical
Newspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.
ThissourceisanarticleinwhichWayneWheelerexplainsthatareferendumvotemay
havesomethingunconstitutionalonit,suchaskillingredheads.Hethenprovesthat
thisisntaneffectivewaytochangelawsyouneedtoelectCongressmentochange
thelaworproposeanAmendment.

Wilson,WilliamA."W.B.WHEELER'SSTORY.:MoreLightSoughtontheMethodsofthe
AntiSaloonLeague."
NewYorkTimes
2Apr.1926:18.
ProQuestHistorical
Newspapers
.Web.7Feb.2015.

TheAntiSaloonLeagueisunderfireforbeingintopoliticsforgainandpowerandyet
notbeingsubjectedtoNationalandStateCorruptActs,becausetheyaretechnicallya
politicalgroup,whendealingwiththeirmillionsofdollarsofexpenditures.Thisagain
leadstheASLs,mainlyWayneWheeler,spendingintoquestioning,

"VolsteadAct,Page1."
PBS
.NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration,19May1919.
Web.7Feb.2015.
ThisisthefirstpageoftheVolsteadAct,whichwastobeeventuallywhatbecamethe
enforcementbehindthe18thAmendment.Thelegislationwasheavilyinfluencedand
practicallyentirelywrittenbyWheeler.

PrimaryPictures

Cesare,OscarEdward."TheGeniiofIntoleranceADangerousAllyfortheCauseofWomen
Suffrage//Cesare."LibraryofCongress.N.p.,n.d.Web.16Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/98502832/
>.
ThisisapoliticalcartoonthatcombinesbothWomensSuffrageandProhibition
togethertohelpprovethelinkagebetweenthetwoofthem.Itreferstoalcoholas
Womensholywar,whichcanalsoputintoperspectivejusthowcommondomestic
abusemusthavebeen.

Club,JohnScott."TheNewManontheJob."LibraryofCongress.N.p.,n.d.Web.16Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2009616441/
>.
Politicalcartoonfrom1913(easybibapparentlydidntneedmetosourcethat)about
theincometaxanditsinclusiontoFederalExpenses.Becauseoftheadditionofthe
IncomeTax,thefederalincomereliancefortheexcisetaxmoneywasconsiderably
lessenedandinfactwasimportantfortheretoeverbenationalProhibition.

Flier:TheTitanicCarriedDown1503People
.1913.WestervillePublicLibrary.N.p.:Scientific
TemperanceFederation,n.d.N.pag.Web.14Feb.2015.
<
http://www.westervillelibrary.org/antisaloonfliers/
>.
Propagandaflierusedbyprohibitioniststopromotethedryside.Usedinorderto
provideanexampleofthemassmediauserelatedtopressurepolitics.Flierslikethese
weremassproducedbyprohibitionistgroupsliketheASLinabletoawaylarge
portionstheirway.

Harris&Ewing.
StopWhenYouSeeThisSign.ThisIstheNewInsigniaPlatetheBureauof
ProhibitionHasAdoptedforUsebyProhibitionAgentsinStoppingSuspected

Automobiles.InthePhotograph,fromLefttoRight,AreProhibitionAdministrator
AmesWoodcock,H.M.Lucious,SecretaryoftheAutomobileClubofMaryland,and
ErnestM.Smith,VicePresidentoftheA.A.A.
1930.LibraryofCongress.
Libraryof
Congress
.Web.13Feb.2015.<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2013006027/
>.
AnimageduringthetimeofProhibitionofaProhibitionAdministratorstopping
suspectivebootleggingvehicles.Thiswasusedtoshowtheenforcementofthe
amendment,whichinreality,wasactuallyveryineffectivetothemajorityofthe
generalpublic.

Henderson,Russell."Goliath'sPride."WestervillePublicLibrary.N.p.,n.d.Web.19Feb.2015.
<
http://search.westervillelibrary.org/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=en
g&sp=1054848&sp=T&suite=def
>.
ThissourceisapoliticalcartoonpublishedfromtheASLonJanuary6,1919,about
ProhibitionslingshottingsomethingatWorldBooze.Havingpoliticalcartoons
madeorothertypesofpropagandatobemassproducedwasverycommonbytheASL
especiallynearimportantelectionstotrytoswayitjustenoughtheirway.

Maps:WetandDryMapoftheUnitedStates1893
.1910.WestervillePublicLibrary.
AntiSaloonLeagueYearBookSeries
.N.p.:AmericanIssue,n.d.N.pag.Web.14
Feb.2015.
<
http://search.westervillelibrary.org/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=eng
&sp=1054860&sp=T&sp=1&suite=def
>.
AyearbookpictureoftheUnitedStateswetanddryareasin1893.Thiswas
usedalongwithtwolateronestovisuallyprovethesignificanceinthemovementonce
WayneWheelerjoinedtheASLandeventuallythroughouthisyearsintheASL.

Maps:WetandDryMapoftheUnitedStatesbyStates,January1,1919
.1919.Westerville
PublicLibrary.
AntiSaloonLeagueYearBookSeries
.N.p.:AmericanIssue,n.d.N.
pag.Web.14Feb.2015.
<
http://search.westervillelibrary.org/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=eng
&sp=1054872&sp=T&sp=1&suite=def
>.
AyearbookpictureoftheUnitedStateswetanddryareasin1919.Thiswas
usedalongwithtwoothersforacomparisontodrymapspriortothefullreignof
WayneWheeler.

Maps:WetandDryMapoftheUnitedStates,January1,1910
.1910.WestervillePublic
Library.
AntiSaloonLeagueYearBookSeries
.N.p.:AmericanIssue,n.d.N.pag.
Web.14Feb.2015.

<
http://search.westervillelibrary.org/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?lang=eng
&sp=1054863&sp=T&sp=1&suite=def
>.
AyearbookpictureoftheUnitedStateswetanddryareasin1910.Thiswas
usedalongwithtwootherdrymapsasavisualcomparisonforWayneWheelers
politicalimpact.

NewYorkCityDeputyPoliceCommissionerJohnA.Leach,Right,WatchingAgentsPourLiquor
intoSewerfollowingaRaidduringtheHeightofProhibition
.1921.Libraryof
Congress,NewYorkCity
LibraryofCongress
.Web.13Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/99405169/
>.
AnimagetwoyearsintoProhibitionofpolicemenpouringalcoholdownasewer
drain.Thiswasusedtoshowwhattheydidwiththeliquoraftersuccessfulraids.Butit
isalsosurprisingthatitwasapolicecommissionerdoingaraidandnotanactual
prohibitionofficer.

PolicemanStandingalongsideWreckedCarandCasesofMoonshine
.1922.Libraryof
Congress,
LibraryofCongress
.Web.13Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/89709481/resource/
>.
AnimageduringthetimeofProhibitionofapolicemanconfiscatingthealcoholofa
bootleggerinawreckedcar.Thiswasusedasanexampleofthecommonalityof
bootlegging,however,muchofthebootleggingwasactuallysuccessfulastheywere
abletofindwaystohidethealcoholintheircars.

ProhibitionOfficersRaidingtheLunchRoomof922Pa.Ave.,Wash.,D.C.
1923.Libraryof
Congress,WashingtonD.C.
LibraryofCongress
.Web.13Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/91796661/
>.
AnimageduringthetimeofProhibitionofProhibitionOfficersraidingalunchroom.
Thiswasusedtobeabletopictureanactiveraidandshowhowitwouldbeperformed
duringtheseyears.

Thedaybook.
(Chicago,Ill.),14April1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:HistoricAmerican
Newspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
<
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/19170414/ed1/seq1/
>
Thispictureisanewspapercoverthathelpsrepresentthepushforwartime
prohibitioninordertopreservegrainforaWWIUSeffort.Ithelpsproveoneofour
mainpointsoftheFirstWorldWarstartingtoputnationalProhibitionintotheminds
ofthegeneralpublic.

TheFrenchBroadhustler.volume
(Hendersonville,N.C.),21May1908.
ChroniclingAmerica:
HistoricAmericanNewspapers
.Lib.ofCongress.
<
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn91068158/19080521/ed1/seq1/
>
AnewspaperfrontheadlineaboutvotingforProhibitionbecauseavoteforthatisa
voteforyourgod,yourhome,yourcountry.Thiswasagoodsourcetoprovidea
directcomparisonbetweenwetanddrypropaganda.

Thelaboradvocate.
(Cincinnati,Ohio),03March1917.
ChroniclingAmerica:Historic
AmericanNewspapers.
Lib.ofCongress.
<
http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88077379/19170303/ed1/seq1/
>
ThisisanewspaperheadlinethatcallsDryshypocrites.Thissourcewasrelevant
becauseitallowedustocomparebetweenonetypeofeachwetanddry
opinionatednewspapers.

Woman'sHolyWar.GrandChargeontheEnemy'sWorks
.1874.LibraryofCongress,New
York
LibraryofCongress
.Web.13Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003656595/resource/
>.
Apoliticalcartoonfrom1874fromtheWomensChristianTemperanceMovementof
agirlonahorsecrushingdifferentdrinks.Thiswasusedtoprovethatthe
TemperancemovementstartedbeforetheASLalthoughitwassignificantlyless
successful.

WayneBidwellWheeler
.1920.LibraryofCongress.
LibraryofCongress
.Web.13Feb.2015.
<
http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2003669765/
>.
ThissourceisapictureofWayneWheelerin1920,rightafterNationalProhibition
tookeffect.Itsusedtobeabletoputanametoaface,andafacemuchofAmerica
mightvebeenabletorecognizeatthistime.

Secondary

"AntiSaloonLeagueMuseum."
WestervillePublicLibrary
.N.p.,n.d.Web.08Feb.2015.
ThissiteisusedheavilyforitsvarioususefulpicturesoftheAntiSaloonLeague
practicesincludingtheyearbooksshowingprohibitionprogress,propagandafliers,
politicalcartoonsanditsperiodicals.Itwasveryimportantwhenputtingtogether
Wheelersvisualimpactsthroughamap.

"AntiSaloonLeague."
Progressiveeradotcom
.N.p.,5Dec.2011.Web.08Feb.2015.

AwebsitethatincludesashorthistoryofbothWayneWheelerhimselfandthehistory
oftheAntiSaloonLeague.Thishelpedmainlyasoneofourbeginningsourcestohelp
usobtainageneralideaofwhattoexpectandresearchdeeperintoWheelersASL
career.

Baker,KimberlyM."Prohibition."EncyclopediaofSocialDeviance.Ed.CraigJ.Forsyth,and
HeithCopes.Vol.15ThousandOaks,CA:SAGEPublications,Inc.,2014.55256.
SAGEKnowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
Thissourceisanencyclopediapagethatgaveanindepthlookonallofthepartsof
Prohibition:Temperancemovement,ASL,knowledgeonwhattheactualamendment
did,itsrepealanditslegacy.Itgaveathoroughbackgroundonmuchofthehistoryof
Prohibitionasawhole.

Baumohl,Jim."TemperanceMovement."EncyclopediaofDrugPolicy.Ed.MarkA.R.
Kleiman,andJamesE.Hawdon.ThousandOaks,CA:SAGEPublications,Inc.,2011.
76668.SAGEKnowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
AnencyclopediathatgaveabackgroundontheentiretyoftheTemperancemovements
thathaveoccurred,howitgrewinpower,andthenhowthateventuallyincluded
WomensSuffrageaswellasprohibitionofalcohol.Thishelpedquiteabitwiththe
backgroundoftheentiretyoftheProhibitionmovementandprovidedaveryindepth
backgroundontheWCTU.

Berman,Michael."Prohibition'sRiseandFall:ExhibitedatNationalConstitutionCenterin
Philadelphia."
TheEveningSun
Nov082012.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.2015.
ThissourceisanarticlethatmentionstheAntiSaloonLeaguescontributiontothe
18thAmendmentandhowthepublicreactedtoit.Sourceslikethisonehelpgaveus
thepublicopinionofProhibitionthatwasrememberedthroughouttheyears.

"Biography:WayneWheeler."
Alcohol:Problems&Solutions
.N.p.,n.d.Web.08Feb.2015.
Awebsitethatincludesabiographywithawellwrittensecondarypositionon
WheelerslifeandcontributionsaswellasaccreditinghimtomuchoftheASLs
accomplishmentsandthedownfallofProhibitionafterhisdeath.

"Bootlegging."
EncyclopediaBritannicaOnline
.EncyclopediaBritannica,25Dec.2013.Web.
04Feb.2015.
Thissourceisofawebsitethatgivesagooddescriptionofthesmugglingand
organizedcrimethatoccurredbecauseofthe18thAmendmentandhowitisstillalive
today.Sincebootleggingwasaveryrealconcernandpartoftheillegaleconomy,this

helpedincreaseourknowledgeonsomethingthatwasinfactveryimportantduring
thetimeofProhibition.

Burns,Ken."Q&AWithKenBurnsAboutHisProhibitionDocumentary."Interview.
Imbibe
Magazine
.N.p.,27Sept.2011.Web.13Feb.2015.
AgreatinterviewofKenBurnsaboutthelegacyofProhibitionandtheimpactits
madeonthemodernworld.Thisinterviewgavethenameofamoderndaypressure
politicsgroupthatwaseventuallyresearchedfurtheralmostsolelybecauseofthe
connectionmadeinthis.

Childress,Diana."FromWetToDry.(CoverStory)."
Cobblestone
14.8(1993):4.
Primary
Search
.Web.8Feb.2015.
ThissourceisawebsitethatprovidesthelonghistoryofAmericasdrinkingproblem
andareasonastowhytheAntiSaloonLeaguewassounusualcomparedtoother
singleissuegroupsbecausetheydidntadoptanentirepoliticalparty,but,infact,
wentontopressurepoliticiansfromapartyneutralstandpointwhicheventually
provedtobeveryeffectiveatthetime.

Ertin,Donna."WayneWheeler,"DryBoss,"andProhibitionPowerPolitics
TheJudgeBenC
GreenLawLibraryRSS
.CaseWesternReserveUniversity,25Mar.2013.Web.08
Feb.2015.
AwebsitethatprovidesabriefbutverymeaningfuldescriptiontoWayneWheelers
legacyaswellasashort,yetindepthaccountofhisimpactintheAntiSaloonLeague
andthe18thAmendmentthroughhisownbrandofpolitics.Thewordingonthis
sourceappearedverypowerful.

"GunnedDown:ThePoweroftheNRA."
PBS
.PBS,6Jan.2015.Web.19Feb.2015.
Agreatdocumentarythatgaveagreatindepthknowledgeofthepoliticsandpower
oftheNRA.Agoodandcrediblesourcethatgaveusallofthefurtherresearch
knowledgeweneededfortheNRAinordertomakeastrongconnectionbacktothe
ASLandWayneWheeler.

Hamm,RichardF."VolsteadAct."EncyclopediaofDrugPolicy.Ed.MarkA.R.Kleiman,and
JamesE.Hawdon.ThousandOaks,CA:SAGEPublications,Inc.,2011.83639.
SAGEKnowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
ThissourceisanencyclopediathatgaveanindepthsummaryoftheVolsteadAct,
includedtheASLinitsproductionandthenshowedhowitwasbroughtintothe18th
AmendmentfortheenforcementofNationalProhibition.Italsogaveusanother
sourcetobackupthefactthatWheelerwroteaconsiderableamountofthelegislation.


Hanson,DavidJ.,Ph.D."Biography:WayneWheeler."
Biography:WayneWheeler
.N.p.,n.d.
Web.06Feb.2015.
AbiographywithawellwrittensecondarypositiononWheelerslifeand
contributionsaswellasaccreditinghimtomuchoftheASLsaccomplishmentsand
thedownfallofProhibitionafterhisdeath.Sourceslikethisonewerecrucialinbeing
abletoconnectmuchofwhatWheelerdidwiththeASLtoapowerfulandrelevant
legacythatcanseeneventoday.

Hill,TonyL."Prohibitionism."EncyclopediaofPolitics:TheLeftandtheRight:Volume1:The
LeftandVolume2:TheRight.Ed.RodneyP.Carlisle,Ph.D.ThousandOaks,CA:
SAGEPublications,Inc.,2005.82427.SAGEKnowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
Anencyclopediathatgaveacompletebackgroundofprohibitionstartingwiththe
WomensChristianTemperanceMovement,thenmovingontotheAntiSaloonLeague
andeventuallytheNationalProhibition.Thishelpedgiveadeepbackgroundtothe
entiretyoftheTemperancemovementandsharesthesuccessesoftheASLcompared
topreviousgroupsliketheWCTU.

Kuhl,Jackson."ProhibitionofAlcohol."TheEncyclopediaofLibertarianism.Ed.Ronald
Hamowy.ThousandOaks,CA:SagePublications,Inc.,2008.40102.SAGE
Knowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
ThissourceisanotherencyclopediathatgaveaslightbackgroundintoAmericas
drinkingproblemandthenwentstraightintoNationalProhibitionandhowitwas
enforcedbytheVolsteadActandparticularlyWayneWheeler.Thisalsohelped
provideinformationonmanyofthefailuresofprohibitionincludingsomeofthe
loopholesusedtostillconsumealcohol,theorganizedcrimethatsprangupdirectly
becauseofProhibition.Itevenmentionstheheighteningofsuiciderates.

Leehan,Brian."RETRO:VOLSTEADACT."
StarTribune
Oct282007.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.
2015.
AnarticlethatgivesashortbiographyonAndrewVolsteadandthesourcegave
WayneWheelerthemajorityofthecreditfortheVolsteadAct,becausehedidinfact
dothemajorityofthewritingofthelegislation.

Mann,Bill."BEHINDPROHIBITION'SFORCEDMORALITY."
ThePressDemocrat
Jul27
1997.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.2015.
Thissourceisanarticlethatgavesomedifferentperspectiveofthemultipleloopholes
thatpeopleusedduringProhibitiontogetalcohol.Therewasquitealotandwerea

verycommonactivitythatthegeneralpublicwouldparticipateininordertostill
obtaintheoccasionaldrink.

ANationofDrunkards:Prohibition
.Dir.KenBurnsandLynnNovick.PBS,2011.Netflix.
Web.13Feb.2015.
ThefirstpartofadocumentaryaboutProhibition.Thisonesharesaveryindepth
backgroundtothepreprohibitiondaysandAmericasdrinkingproblem,anditalso
gavequiteabitofcreditofthe18thAmendmenttoWayneWheeler.Altogetherthese
documentarypartswereveryhelpfulinprovidinganallaroundimageofthedecade
ofculturethatshapedaroundProhibitioninsteadofjustthepoliticsbehindthe
movement.

ANationofHypocrites:ProhibitionAFilmbyKenBurnsandLynnNovick
.PBS,2011.
Netflix
.
Web.14Feb.2015.
ThethirdpartofadocumentaryaboutProhibition,thispartisparticularlyfocusedon
thefailuresofthe18thAmendmentandmuchofthepublicdismaytowardsthe
AmendmentandalsoincludingalongsummaryofAlCaponesactivityduring
Prohibition.Theorganizedcrimebitwasimportanttolearnbecauseitisonesad
pieceofalastinglegacytoProhibitionthatisoftennotconsidered.

ANationofScofflaws:Prohibition
.Dir.KenBurnsandLynnNovick.PBS,2011.
Netflix
.Web.
14Feb.2015.
ThesecondpartofadocumentaryaboutProhibition,thispartincludesaveryindepth
summaryofthecultureoftheProhibitionera,howpeoplegottheirdrinksevenwith
thelawsprohibitingthem,andmentionsWayneWheelerseffectontheratificationof
the18thAmendment.

"NebraskaProhibitsAlcohol:WilliamJenningsBryanSupportsProhibition."
NebraskaStudies.Org
.N.p.,n.d.Web.08Feb.2015.
AshortbiographyofoneofthepoliticiansthatWheelerwasabletopersuadeinto
promotingProhibition.WilliamJenningsBryanendedupbeingaverystrong
advocateofProhibitionandwasevenundertheASLspayroll.

Okrent,Daniel.
LastCall:TheRiseandFallofProhibition
.NewYork:Simon&Schuster,
2010.Print.
ThisbookprovidesanindepthexplanationofProhibitionandimpactithadon
Americanlifeandsociety,whilealsoprovidinganindepthviewspecificallyon
understandingofthelegacyofWheeler.Thisprovedtobearguablyourbestsource.It
containedsomeofthemostvalidandthoroughinformationonwhyProhibitionwas

abletooccurandalsoaccreditedmuchofthesuccessesoftheASLdirectlybackto
WayneWheeler.ItprovedcrediblebyalsoincludingthefailuresofProhibitionand
providinganextensivebibliographyattheend.

Okrent,Daniel."WayneB.Wheeler:TheManWhoTurnedOfftheTaps."
Smithsonian
.N.p.,
May2010.Web.05Feb.2015.
AverydetailedarticlebyDanielOkrent,anaccreditedauthorandhistorian,on
Prohibition,specificallyWayneWheelerslifeandcontributiontotheAntiSaloon
Leagueand18thAmendment.

"Prohibition."
DigitalHistory
.N.p.,n.d.Web.03Feb.2015.
ThissourceisawebsitethatshowedtheimpactthatProhibitionandthe18th
Amendmentmadeonthesocietyatthetimeandhowtheyeventuallygotrepealedby
the21stAmendment.

ProhibitionLife:Politics,LoopholesandBathtubGin
.Philadelphia:NationalPublicRadio,10
May.2010.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.2015.
Aradiobroadcastfromanaccreditedauthorandhistorian,DanielOkrent,aboutthe
historyofhowProhibitioncametobeandmuchofwhatwasgoingonwiththepeople
insocietyatthattime.Thissourceprovedhelpfulinobtainedgeneralideasofwhat
peopledidtogetaroundthelaw.

Prohibition:Speakeasies,LoopholesandPolitics
.Philadelphia:NationalPublicRadio,10,Jun.
2011.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.2015.
Asecondradiobroadcast(ayearlaterthanthefirst)fromanaccreditedauthorand
historian,DanielOkrent,aboutthehistoryofhowProhibitioncametobeandmuchof
whatwasgoingonwiththepeopleinsocietyatthattime.Thisradiobroadcast
containedmuchofwhatwasinthefirstbutcontainedinformationonthespeakeasies
thatoccurredatthetimeofProhibition.

Ramos,Mitzi."NationalProhibitionAct."EncyclopediaoftheFourthAmendment.Ed.JohnR.
Vile,andDavidL.Hudson,Jr.Washington,DC:CQPress.,2013.45456.SAGE
Knowledge.Web.26Jan.2015.
ThissourceisanencyclopediathatgaveaverybriefbackgroundtotheTemperance
movementinthe1700sandthenthe18thAmendmentandthereactionstoitfromthe
people.Thereactionsofthepeoplefromthe18thAmendmenthelpedgiveusthe
opinionofitfromthegeneralpopulation.

Smith,Russ."TemperanceTantrumHowtheAntiSaloonLeague'sPoliticalCunningLedto
ProhibitionandaColorful,SordidEra."
WallStreetJournal(Online)
May08
2010.
ProQuest.
Web.8Feb.2015.
AbookreviewaboutthebookbyDanielOkrent,
LastCall:TheRiseandFallof
Prohibition,
andhasmanyquotesfromthebookthatarespecificallyaboutWayne
Wheeler.

"Speakeasies."
PBS
.PBS,n.d.Web.03Feb.2015.
Awebsitewithadescriptionofhowthe18thAmendmentcausedtheroarinthe
RoaringTwentiesandwhatSpeakeasiesareandhowtheygottheirnameduringthe
ruleofthe18thAmendment.Speakeasieswereverycommonduringthistimeand
obtaininginformationonthemwashelpfulinunderstandinghowthepeopleduring
thistimewereabletosliparoundthelaws.

"TheSupremeCourtUpholdsNationalProhibition,1920."
TheGilderLehrmanInstituteof
AmericanHistory
.N.p.,n.d.Web.08Feb.2015.
AwebsitethathadagoodprimarysourcepictureofWayneWheelersexplanationof
NationalProhibition.

"Temperance&Prohibition."
TheOhioStateUniversity
.N.p.,n.d.Web.02Feb.2015.
ThissourceisawebsitecreatedbyOhioStateUniversitysHistoryDepartment,
providedmanypicturesandbackgroundtoProhibition.Thisalsogaveexamplesofthe
AntiSaloonLeaguesfamouspropagandaandevennamesthepublishingcompany
createdbytheASL.

"TemperanceandProhibition."EncyclopediaofU.S.PoliticalHistory.Ed.AndrewW.
Robertson.Washington,DC:CQPress.,2010.156468.SAGEKnowledge.Web.26
Jan.2015.
AnencyclopediathatgaveabackgroundonthereemergenceoftheTemperance
movementinthe1800sandthenhowitevolvedandgrewstrongerparticularlyonce
theAntiSaloonLeaguegainedtractionwithWayneWheeler.

"TheVolsteadAct."
NationalArchivesandRecordsAdministration
.NationalArchivesand
RecordsAdministration,n.d.Web.07Feb.2015.
Thissourceisarticlethatgaveinsighttothetimesbeforethe18thAmendmentwas
passedandthengavedescriptionsastojusthowoftenthislawwasbrokenthrough
speakeasiesandbootlegging.

"WayneB.WheelerOhioHistoryCentral."
OhioHistoryConnection
.N.p.,n.d.Web.08Feb.
2015.
ThissourceisashortbiographyofWayneWheeleranditexplainshowhemovedup
intheranksoftheAntiSaloonLeague.Itcreditshimwithprominenceandinfluence
ashewasabletopassmanydrylegislationsintolaw.

SecondaryPictures

Rosenfeld,Steven."TheNRAOnceSupportedGunControl."
SaloncomRSS
.N.p.,14Jan.2013.
Web.15Feb.2015.
<
http://www.salon.com/2013/01/14/the_nra_once_supported_gun_control/
>.
ThispicturewasusedfortheNRAsymboltoshowagroupthatusesWheelerstactics
today.