CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that PANKAJ KUMAR a

student of class XII A has successfully
completed project on topic vibration
magnetometer. This report is result
of his effort and endeavors under the
guidance of Mr.K.I JOHN. The report
has been examined.

Signature of external examiner

Physics teacher

Signature of

ACKNOWLEDGEME
NT
I would like to express thanks and
gratitude to my project guide Mr. KI
JHON for guiding me immensely through
the course of the project. His
constructive advice and constant
motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of project.

I also thanks to my parent for their

motivation and support. I must thanks to
my classmate and friends for their timely
help, advice and support for completion
of project.

Last but not the least, I would like to

thanks all people who directly or

indirectly helped me in completion of

project.

declaration
I hereby declare that the project work
vibration magnetometer submitted to
Kendriya Vidyalaya A.S.C Centre, Bangalore is
prepared by me. All the observation and
calculation given are my personal effort.

index
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)

Aim
Apparatus
Theory
Procedure
Observation and calculation
Results
Precautions
Inference

To
determine
the
magnetic dipole moment
(m) of a bar magnet and
horizontal intensity (BH)
of earths magnetic field

using
a
deflection
magnetometer.

Apparatus
1)Box-type vibration magnetometer

2) Timer

3) Bar magnet

Theory
The horizontal component of earth's magnetic
field, BH, is the component of the magnetic
field of the earth along a horizontal plane
whose normal vector passes through the
center of the earth. BH is measured in Tesla, T.
The magnetic dipole moment m of a magnetic
dipole is the property of the dipole which
tends to align the dipole parallel to an
external magnetic field. m is measured in
Ampere-square
meters
(A
m 2)
or,
equivalently, in Joules per Tesla (J/T).

Tangent law
Consider a bar magnet with magnetic
moment m, suspended horizontally in a
region where there are two perpendicular
horizontal magnetic fields, and external
field B and the horizontal component of the
earths field BH. If no external magnetic
field B is present, the bar magnet will align
with BH. Due to the field B, the magnet
experiences a torque D, called the deflecting
torque, which tends to deflect it from its
original orientation parallel to BH. If is the
angle between the bar magnet and BH, the
magnitude of the deflecting torque will be,

The bar magnet experiences a torque R due

to the field BH which tends to restore it to its
original orientation parallel to BH. This torque
is known as the restoring torque, and it has
magnitude.

The suspended
when,

magnet

is

in

equilibrium

(1)
The above relation, called the tangent law,
gives the equilibrium orientation of a magnet
suspended in a region with two mutually
perpendicular fields.

Vibration Magnetometer
The equation of motion of the bar magnet
suspended
horizontally
in
the
earths
magnetic field is
Thus its period of oscillation, for small , is
approximately.
(2)

Where I = moment of inertia of the magnet

about
the
axis
of
oscillation

m = magnetic moment of the magnet

BH = horizontal intensity of the earth's
magnetic
field.
For a rectangular bar magnet,
(3)
Where
M=
mass
of
the
magnet
L = length of the magnet (longest horizontal
dimension)
b = breadth of the magnet (shortest
horizontal dimension)
Squaring equation (2)
(4)
Which gives us?
(5)
Thus, by measuring vibration (oscillation)
period T and calculating the moment of
inertia I of
the
bar
magnet, mBH is
determined
using
the
vibration
magnetometer. We will call this value x.

Procedure
1)
The direction of BH is drawn on the
table using a compass needle.
2)
The box-type vibration magnetometer
is placed with its length parallel to this
direction.
3)
The bar magnet is then suspended
horizontally
in
the
vibration
magnetometer with its north pole pointing
north.
4)
The magnet is set into vibration by
momentarily bringing another bar magnet
near to it.

5)
The time taken for 10 oscillations is
determined twice and the mean of t is to
be found and period of oscillation (T) can
be calculated using equation (2).
6)

The mass of the magnet is determined.

7)
The length and breadth of the magnet
are measured by using vernier calipers.
8)
The moment of inertia of the magnet
is calculated.
9)
From these observations, the value of
mBH is calculated using equation (5).

Observations and calculations

Readings of Vibration magnetometer=

Mass of the magnet=
Length of the magnet=
Breadth of the magnet=

Results
1. The horizontal intensity of earth's magnetic
field at a place, BH =................... Wbm-2

2.
The
moment
of
the
magnet, m = ...................... Am-2

bar

Precaution
1)
While finding North Pole of the earth,
keep all magnets far away so that
compass does not get affected.
2)
After placing the vibration
magnetometer once, do not disturb it
while experiment.
3)
Take readings carefully.

Inference
1.

Amrita.vlab.co.in

2.

www.scribd.com

3.

www.google.com