History of nursing

Prepared by: Saima victor ,Fouzia shahzad

Nurse
A nurse is a person,
qualified in art and
science of nursing to
provide services
helpful in the
promotion
maintenance and
restoration of health
and wellbeing.

HISTORY OF NURSING
Before the foundation of modern
nursing, nuns and the military
often provided nursing-like
services
The religious and military roots of
modern nursing remain in
evidence today in many countries,
for example in the United
Kingdom, senior female nurses are
known as sisters. Nurses execute
the "Orders" of other health care
professionals in addition to being
responsible for their own practice.

ReasonS to study history

The study of nursing history offers learning
about advancement of nursing profession
from the beginning till now.
By learning from role models, nurses can
enhance their abilities to create positive
changes in the present and can get a course
for the future.

Ancient civilization
Mesopotamians(4000B.C)

During this time cause of

disease were embedded in
superstition
and
magic.
Treatment involved magical
cures as well as surgical
procedure such as craniotomy

Sumerians(3000): Introduced
first clay tablets written
prescription ,disease was not
specified.

Conti..Ancient civilization

Egyptians(2700):

Introduced midwifery skills

to take care women during pregnancy and have
safe delivery.
Slaves nursed their masters by providing comfort
and giving medications.
suckled mothers, rich families use to hire feeding
mothers for their children.

Hebrews :carried
Egyptians.

out same patterns as

Conti ancient civilization

Babylonia(1900):sick

rooms
were
build.The healers and assistants followed
the Code of Hammurabi to cure and to
provide care.
Penalized those who did not follow the
Code of Hammurabi.
Treated people with great respect.
Rewarded people who worked well.

Conti Ancient history

Romans(200B.C):
Introduced the
theory of female
nurses e.g
midwives,baby sitter,
nurses for older
people.
Wealthy roman
matron Fabiola used
her position and
wealth to establish
hospitals for the sick.

conti.

Greece (50B.C)
Cure through spiritual
healing.
Greek
gods
were
believed to have special
healing powers.
Asclepius
the
chief
healer
Suther godess of health.

The common era

Crusaders 1096 A.D: The first recognition of
men providing nursing care to soldiers and pilgrims to
the holy land.

Christians 1099 A.D: sisters of S.t john of

Jerusalem embroidered. The cross on their tunics to
represent their Christian charity.

The Middle Age

Nursing care of outcasts 1200 A.D: The
Knights of S.t Lazarus dedicated themselves to the care of
people with leprosy,syphilis,and chronic skin conditions.
since the A.D leprosy was viewed as incurable disease.

Charitable nursing 1550: Camillus Delellus, the

saint was the founder of the nursing orders of ministries of
the sick his effort provided focus of nurses to provide care
for the sick imprisoned and dying.

EARLY CANADIAN HOSPITALS 1639:The hotel

Dieu founded by Duchesse d Aiguilles staffed by three
hospital sisters from S.T Augustine is considered as first
hospital in Canada she is known as Florence nightingale of
Canada.

Early Nineteenth Century

Early Australian Hospitals 1812: In
Sydney, Australia's first hospital was named for its
designers bilders,Governor Lachlan Macquarie.

Mary Grant seacole 1854: She worked with

Florence Nightingale t Seacole to provide care to
the soldiers of the Crimean war.

Florence nightingale 1859: The founder of

modern nursing. Nightingale(1820-1910) was
influential in developing nursing
education.practice,and administration. she was
asked to take care for the sick and injured in the
Crimea war. she and her nurses transformed the
military hospital. When she returned to England,
nightingale was given an honorarium of 4500
pounds by the grateful England public.

The American Civil War

Dorothea Lynda Dix 1861:She was
over 60 when she was first appointed
as superintendent during the civil war
after she returned with a mentally ill.

Louisa May Alcott 1862-1863:Noted

As author worked as a nurse in civil
War and documented the work of
Volunteers in her book.

Cont
Harriet Tubman 1861-1865:The
Moses of her people worked underground railway.
During civil war she nursed the sick and suffering
of her own race.

Walt white man 1862-1865:The

writer and Poet volunteer nurse during
civil war, and Chronicled the care of ill in
his collection in his diary.

Cont
Sojourner Truth 1862-1865: preacher &
women's advocate nursed for four years in civil war. then
worked as a counselor for freedmen's relief Association.

The international Red Cross 1864: during

the Geneva convention, jean henri Dunant organized the
international conference that founded the red cross, for the
relief of suffering in war.

Early Nursing Education

Lucy Osborne 1868:she was trained under
nightingale@ S.T Thomas London later act as
superintendent of Sydney hospital and developed
Australias first school of nursing.

EARLY NURSING SCHOOLS 1872:

HOSPITAL in Philadelphia and new England hospital
for women and children in Boston opened training
programs for nurses.

Linda Richards 1873:She graduated fro m new

England hospital for women and children training
school for nurses, is considered Americas first trained
school.

Cont..
Mary Mahoney 1879:

Mary was first

Americans Black nurse she was graduated from
new England Hospital for Women and children

Clara Barton and the American

Red cross 1882: Barton organized
American red cross which linked with the
international Red cross when the us congress
ratified the Geneva convention.

Mary

Agnes

Snidely

1884:

she
Graduated in new York then returned to Canada
to developed the Toronto general hospital
school of nursing and become the president of
Canada nursing Association.

Late Nineteenth Century

In 1893 the nightingale pledge was written and
Administered to the graduates of Farrand nursing
school in Detroit Michigan.

Lillian Wald 1893: she founded nursing service

which provided social ,organized educational and
cultural activities. She was considered as the
founder of public health nursing.

The ANA 1897:The nursing Alumnae of U.S

was renamed the American nurses Association.

cont
The ICN 1899:The international council of nursing was
establish by Mrs. bedfordFenwick of Great Britain. Nurses
from U.S AND Canada were the founder and their national
association was first admitted to membership

The AJN 1900: the American journal of nursing was

first nursing journal owned by the U.S nurses.

Clara Louise Maass 1876-1901:She worked

as a contract nurse during Spain& American war
volunteering to nurse victims of yellow fever in
cuba.she died allowing herself for an experiment on
immunity.

Early Twentieth Century

The CNA :

The Canadian society of training school for

nurses and the Canadian national Association for trained
nurses joined to become the Canadian nurses
Association.

The NLN 1912: The forerunner of the national

league for nursing education was establish for the
development of educational standards. Today NLN
is the accrediting body for all school of nursing in
the U.S.

Margaret Sanger:

she was considered the

founder of planned parent hood. Was imprisoned
for opening first birth control clinic in Baltimore.

Cont.
Lavonia Dock 1920: she activity for women
right in the U.S for allowing women to vote.

Sigma Theta Tau 1922:The international

society for research and leadership was founded at
the Indiana university school of nursing.

The Frontier nursing service 1925: