LICEO RURAL EL JARDIN

ELEVENTH GRADE

Some Important Rules

1.
2.
3.
4.

Please respect your classmates and teacher.

The dictionary must be used in all the classes.
If you get late to the class, please sit in silence.
Every student needs his/her booklet. (Completed booklets are not
available.)

5. The classroom must be organized and clean.

6. The garbage to the wastebasket, please.
7. Remember some students are going to be evaluated in every
class.
8. Eating in class is not allowed.
9. Avoid shouting in class.
10.
If you have a doubt, raise your hand and ask.
11.
Work just with pencil, to correct mistakes.

Please: If you have an especial problem or difficulty talk to me, Im going to try to support you.

TYPES OF FOOD, EATING HABITS

AND BEHAVIOR AT THE TABLE

LESSON NO. 1

WARM UP

Game: Who am I? Yes/No Questions: Teacher asks three students as volunteers

in order to participate in a game, they go in front of the class. The teacher sticks a
picture related to food on the back of each student. They have to try to guess who
they are according to the picture they have. The partners have to answer only yes
or no to the participants questions. EXAMPLE: Am I a fruit?/ Yes or no

PRESENTATION

The teacher presents vocabulary related to food, pronunciation is practiced.

VOCABULARY:

Leftovers

things you dont want to eat (restos).

Doggy

little container provided to customers for leftovers.

Gross

unpleasant (grosero).

To slurp

to drink noisily (sorber).

To spit

to force something out of the mouth (escupir) saliva -

/saliva/.
To gobble up

to eat quickly and noisily.

Shell

a hard outer covering an animal (concha, cascara).

Turnover

empanada

Sweet corn meal cake

tamalasado.

Shredded

cut in (triturado) shredder (trituradora).

Savor

taste (saborear)..

Sheath

vaina, cscara (sheath is also=contraceptive=condn)

General terms
Feeding
Chew
Swallow
To be hungry
To be thirsty
Diet
Fasting
Overfeeding
Meals
Breakfast
Lunch
Dinner
Supper
Dessert
Snack
Vegetables
Parsley
Pea
potatoes
Radish
Tomato
Sweetpepper
Celery
Cabbage
Cucumber
Lettuce
Garlic
Watercress
Olives
Asparagus
Eggplant
Spinach
Avocado
Heart of palm
Beet
Eggs
Fried eggs
Poachedeggs
Scrambleeggs

Beverages
Orange juice
Champagne
Wine
Water
Chocolate
Coffee
Milk
Tea
Soda
Restaurant

Sea food
Tuna
Shrimp
Crab
Lobster
Fish
Octopus
Squid
mussel

Waiter
Waitress
Service
Bill of fare
To lay or set the
table
Tablecloth
Napkin
Fork
Glass
Cup
Bottle
Coffeepot
Tray
Fruits
Apple
Grape
Strawberry
Papaya
Orange
Tangerine
Pineapple
Lemon
Cherry
Coconut
Grapefruit
Blackberry
Raspberry
Peach
Watermelon
Fig
Mango
Plum- raisin

Groundmeat
Ribs
Liver
Tripe
Beef

Meat

Bacon
Turkey
Veal
Lamb
Chicken
Sausage
Jam
Grains
Corn
Rice
Wheat
Oats
Flour
Utensils
Grater
Ladle
Pot
Pan
Frying pan
Cuttingboard
Can opener
Oven
Cooler
Jar
Strainer

Silverware
Mixer
Blender
Fork
Sugarbowl
saltshaker
Butterdish
spoon
Knife
More
vocabulary
Cone
Jelly
Oil
Cinnamon
Spices
Mayonnaise
Yogurt
Candy
Custard
Mushroom
Ketchup
Vinegar
Verbs
Tostir
To grate
Tocut
Tochop
Towash up
Topeel
Towhisk
Tofry
Dairy products
Milk
Cheese
Sour cream
Desserts
Rice pudding
Ice cream

PRE-ACTIVITY
Work with a partner: Look at the pictures and classify the products in the
categories given in the chart below. If you dont know some words use your
dictionary.

Vegetables

Sea Food

Poultry

Meat

Fruits

Dairy products

Is tomato a fruit or a vegetable?

Yes

No

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the information and complete the chart below. Remember to underline
unknown words and look for them at the dictionary. How many irregular verbs did
you find.

Types of Food
Different types of food have specific roles within the body:
Carbohydrates: Found in breads, fruits, starchy
vegetables, and dairy foods, carbohydrates are our main
source of energy. Whether carbohydrates come from rice,
cereal, plain sugar, or any other source, they're eventually
broken down into glucose, the type of sugar our bodies use
as fuel.
Protein: Protein helps your body's cells grow and repair
themselves. You'll find it in meat, poultry, fish, dry beans,
eggs, nuts, milk, yogurt, and cheese. Very little protein is
converted to blood sugar, but that doesn't make it a free
food. Lean protein should be eaten in balance with other foods, to limit the amount of cholesterol
in your diet
Fat: Fat is a necessary part of any diet, but we need only small amounts of it each day to remain
healthy. While fat won't affect your blood sugar directly, too much fat gets stored as excess
calories and weight. So try to limit all unnecessary fat, especially saturated and Trans fats, which
are especially unhealthy.
Fiber: Fiber is a carbohydrate that isn't digested by the body. It's often found in unprocessed or
"whole" grains, beans, and vegetables. Fiber is important for your heart and digestive health. It
can also aid in losing weight, because it slows the digestion of certain carbohydrates, helping you
feel more satisfied for longer after eating.
Vitamins and Minerals: Don't forget the important role fruits and vegetables play in providing a
variety of key nutrients. These provide a long list of benefits, from strengthening our immune
systems to promoting healthy eyes, skin, and more.

Complete the cart with 2 examples of some products for each category.
2. Solve the following matching based on the previous reading Types of Food.
Write the number in the parenthesis that corresponds.

) It helps to lose weight since it helps you feel more satisfied after eating.

) They broke into glucose.

) Body fuel.

) It helps your bodys cell grow and repair themselves.

) They strength our immune Systems. It helps to have healthy eyes, skin, and

more.
(

) It gets stored as excess calories and weight.

) It is important for your heart and digestive health.

) Main source of energy.

2. Protein

) Saturated and Trans are unhealthy.

3. Fat

1. Carbohydrates

4. Fiber
5. Vitamins and Minerals

POST-ACTIVITY

Read the sentences and complete them by using the words given in the chart
below. Do not use the words more than one time.

Christmas

coconut

corn

Holly week

minerals

carrot

refried

potatoes

rice and beans

fat

Limn

sugar

oil

chiverre

salt

proteins

cinnamon

pork

leaves

Lizano

milk

onion, sweet pepper and cilantro

1. Rice and Beans is a typical dish from ___________ Its prepared with rice,

beans and ___________.

2. The tamales are made of ___________ and ___________ meat with spices
and vegetables as ___________ and ___________. They are wrapped in plantain
___________, and cooked for 45 minutes.
3. Ticos accustom to eat Tamales in ___________.
4. Junk food contains ___________ and ___________. All of this is harmful for
your body.
5. To prepare a delicious rice pudding you need some ingredients as:
__________, ___________ and ___________.
6. The advantages of nutritious food are ___________ and ___________ which
give you energy.
7. Spaghetti Squash is ___________ in Spanish. It is prepared mostly of the time
for _____________________.
8. To prepared Gallo Pinto you have to stir ______________________ with a
little ___________, add spices like
__________________________________________. Ticos like to add
__________ sauce, to give a delicious taste and finally ___________ all the
ingredients for some minutes. After that you can enjoy this delicious food with a
cup of coffee.

CONSOLIDATION

1. Whats your favorite food? Or, What type of food do you prefer/like?
_________________________________________________________________

2. What kind of food do you dislike?

__________________________________________________________________

3. What type of food do you like to prepare?

__________________________________________________________________

The tomato a fruit or a vegetable

To really figure out if a tomato is a fruit or vegetable, you need to
know what makes a fruit a fruit, and a vegetable a vegetable. The big
question to ask is, DOES IT HAVE SEEDS? If the answer is yes,
then technically, (botanically) you have a FRUIT. This, of course,
makes your tomato a fruit. It also makes cucumbers, squash, green
beans and walnuts all fruits as well. Along with the fruit from a plant
or tree, we can often eat
the leaves (lettuce,)stems (celery,) roots (carrots,)
and flowers (broccoli.) Many of these other parts of the plant are
typically referred to as VEGETABLES. used as a vegetable in
cooking.

Lesson 2
Warm up; Get in pairs and practice the dialogue, after that you are going to read allowed in order
to practice pronunciation

Conversation
Betty:

Hi, Ellen. Let's have coffee, ok?

Ellen:

Hi, Betty. Sure, that sounds great. Where do you want to go?

Betty:

Let's get a cup from the vending machine. The snack bar is too

crowded.
Ellen: Fine. Get a table, and I'll get the coffee. What do you take in your coffee?
Betty:

Cream and sugar, please.

Then..when they are setting at the table.

Ellen:

So, how do you like your classes this semester?

Betty:

I like them all, especially mathematics. The instructor is very nice.

Ellen:

Really?

Betty:

Yes, she likes to do different activities to make students understand

the exercises.

Ellen: Does she ever give homework?

Betty:

Sure she does. He gives us assignments to make reviews of the

subject we have studied.

Ellen:

Thats great!

Betty:

Well, its time to go home, see you tomorrow.

Ellen:

Ok, bye Betty.

PRESENTATION

The teacher explains and gives examples.

Are you
ready to
study
grammar?

Articles: are usually characterized as either definite or indefinite.

Definite article(the): A definite article indicates that its noun is a particular one (or
ones) identifiable to the listener.

EXAMPLE: The chefs know how to prepare delicious dishes.

Chefs know how to prepare delicious dishes.

Indefinite article(a/an): An indefinite article indicates that its noun is not a

particular
one (or ones) identifiable to the listener.

EXAMPLE: She gets a banana from the basket.

She gets an apple from the basket.

Partitive:Used to give information about the quantity of something.

(some, any, loaf, etc)

EXAMPLE:

Can you get me a can of soda?

Can I have another piece of cake, please?

Beat the

Add the

Chop the

Simmer the

Fry the
Grate the

a+ partitive+ of + noun

Pour the
Squeeze the

Stir the

Boil the

Examples Add the milk and mix with the wheat and sugar.
Fry the spices with a little oil.

Add the milk and mix with the wheat and sugar.
Fry the spices with a little oil.

Review some words: Lets practice them.

breakfast / bite / milk / guess / make / wouldnt touch / clean / dishes / bacon /
Examples
mushroom / taking me / wake up / fishing / powder / since / hard rock /
-

Add the milk and mix with the wheat and sugar.
Fry the spices with a little oil.

PRE-ACTIVITY
1. Read this recipe and underline the verbs used to give the steps to prepare the
dish.
Kiev = Ukraine Capital

Recipe - Chicken Kiev

Prep Time: 30 minutes

Cook Time: 20 minutes
Total Time: 50 minutes

Ingredients:
4 whole chicken breasts
1/2 cup bread crumbs
1/2 cup grated parmesan cheese
1 1/2 teaspoons oregano leaves
1/2 teaspoon crushed garlic
1/4 teaspoon pepper
4 tablespoons softened butter
1 tablespoon chopped parsley
4 ounces cheese (any sharp cheese) cut into strips
5 ounces melted butter

Preparation:

1. Pound chicken breasts until 1/4 inch thin

2. Mix together in a bowl bread crumbs, grated Parmesan cheese, 1 teaspoon of
oregano, crushed garlic, and pepper.
3. In small bowl, stir together 4 tablespoons of melted butter, parsley and 1/2
teaspoon
of oregano
4. Spread melted butter mixture across the middle of each chicken breast
5. Lay a strip of cheese into the mixture
6. Fold the edges of the chicken breast over and roll the chicken breast
7. Dip each chicken breast into the melted butter
8. Roll each chicken breast in the bread crumb mixture
9. Place chicken breasts in a 9 by 13 inch baking pan
10. Cover and refrigerate for at least 4 hours
11. Bake, uncovered, in a preheated 425 oven for 20 minutes
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters

2. Complete the blanks. Use the pictures and the words in the chart.

cup / glass / loaf / bottle / slice / can

3.

Complete the blanks with the words in the chart.

1 ________________ of milk.
2 ________________ of coffee.
3 ________________ of yogurt.
4 ________________ of bread.
5 ________________ of apple pie.
6 ________________ of rice.

slice - bottle - glass - carton - can - loaf - cup - package piece - jar -tub

WHILE-ACTIVITY

1. Order the following steps to prepare a Fruit Punch. Write numbers from 1 to 6 in
the circle that corresponds.

Fruit Punch you need: banana, fresh strawberries, apple juice, a little sugar and
ice.

2. Listen to the conversation between a father and a girl and choose the correct alternative.The
teacher will give you several opportunities to listen the dialogue in order to get the answers.
Write an X.

1. Why does the daughter complain about having a banana for breakfast?

A. The banana is still green.

B. Their pet ate part of it.
C. The daughter hates bananas.

2. Why does the daughter not want to eat cereal for breakfast?

A. She has to prepare the milk.

B. There's no cereal left.
C. She ate the same thing yesterday.

3. What other food did the father try to prepare for his family before, but it didn't turn out well?

A. rice and eggs

B. steak and bacon
C. pancakes

4. Why is the father preparing breakfast for his daughter?

A. Because she helped him in the kitchen.

B. Because it's the girl's birthday.
C. Because she can't cook well.

5. What is the big surprise at the end of the conversation?

A. The girl's friend drops by and brings breakfast.

B. The father decides to make his daughter fish.
C. The girl might be getting married.

WRITE a recipe you know and share it with your classmates.

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Identify the verbs according to the pictures. Write them below the pictures.

fry / boil / spread / stir / bake / grill / whisk

CONSOLIDATION

Work with a partner and ask each other these questions. Then share your
answers with the teacher and classmates.

1. Whats your favorite food? Or, What type of food do you

prefer / like?
__________________________________________________

2. What food do you dislike?

__________________________________________________________________

3. What type of food do you like to prepare?

__________________________________________________________________

LESSON No. 3

WARM UP
Identify the food below, write the number in the circle, and then classify the healthy and
unhealthy food. Write in the given charts.

soda / salad / fruits / hamburger / cookies / chocolates / chicken

8

/ French fries / fish

HEALTHY FOOD
___________________

UNHEALTHY FOOD
___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

___________________

PRESENTATION
Lets read this information and share opinions.

Eat Healthy
In order to be healthy, it is essential to eat a balanced diet. A balanced
diet refers appropriate types and adequate amounts of foods and drinks
to supply nutrition and energy for the maintenance of body cells, tissues,
and organs and to support normal growth and development.
To achieve a balanced diet, it is mandatory to eat at least 3 meals a day,
and you must consume a variety of foods from each of the food groups
at every meal. The four food groups are: fat meat grains fairy
products - fruits and vegetables.

Nutrition
Is a very important factor in the development of the human body, in our
daily performance, in our health and thus in our quality of life.

Comparatives and Superlatives forms

Add er to a comparative form.

Example:

Add est to a superlative form.

fast / faster
fast / the fastest

The cherries are sweeter than the apples.

The cherries are the sweetest fruit.
Some rules:
Adjectiveform

Comparativeform

Superlativeform

1. De una slaba que terminen

en e wide / fine)

Agrego r

Agrego st

wider / finer

Widest / finest

2. De una slaba, con una

vocal y una consonante al
final.

Duplico la consonante y agrego

er

Duplico la consonante y agrego

est

hotter / bigger

hottest / biggest

Agrego er

Agrego est

lighter / neater

lightest / neatest

4. De dos slabas, terminando

en y

Cambio y por i y agrego

er

Cambio y por i y agrego

est

happy / silly

happier / sillier

happiest / silliest

5. De 2 slabas o ms que no
terminen en y

Uso more antes del adjetivo

Uso most antes del adjetivo

more modern

the most modern

more beautiful

the most beautiful

hot / big
3. De una slaba, con ms de
una vocal o mas de una
consonante juntas.
light / neat

modern / beautiful

Other forms:Positive, negative and interrogative form

as as

The cake is as delicious as ice cream.

The cake isnt as delicious as the ice cream.

as much - nocount nouns

Fozen yogurt has as many calories as ice cream.

as many count nouns

Frui juice doesnt have as much sugar as soda.

less than

The hamburgers are less nutritious than vegetables.

less = before non-count noun. / fewer before

plural count noun.

There is less sugar than salt in this sauce.

morethan

Italian food is more expensive than Chinese.

Irregular forms: good/ better / best

Apples are better than the oranges.

bad / worse / worst

The spinach is the worst vegetable.

far / farther, further / farthest

The Green vegetable store is farther than the market.

Examples:

Canned food has fewer vitamins than frozen food.

Vegetables are more nutritious than potatoes chips.

Apples are sweeter than mangoes.
Ice cream is as delicious as rice pudding.
Chocolate cake is the most delicious dessert.

PRE-ACTIVITY
Write 3 examples of products from the different groups of food.According tothe
Pyramid Food. Then make three comparisons by using them.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and answer based on it. Underline the words you dont know and
use your dictionary to find the meaning, remember to write it next to the word.

WATER AND YOUR HEALTH

You cant really on (to depend confidently) thirst to tell you how much water

your body requires, points out the magazine Health. Our bodies continually
lose; water through sweat, tears, and urine as well as through our breath. This
lost fluid must be replaced. How much is needed? Many authorities
recommend drinking at least eight glasses of water every day.
Why? Water is vital for transporting nutrients within our
bodies and for removing wastes. It is necessary for
regulating our temperature and lubricating our joints
(the movable part when two bones or elements of a
skeleton join or are put together). Even the smallest
deficit can leave you feeling tired or ill. Dehaydratation
is a commonly overlooked cause of fatigue. Your skin
needs water to stay soft and supple (flexible).

1. How do our bodies lose water? (Mention one way)

___________________________________________________
2. How much water do the bodies need every day?
___________________________________________________
3. What could be a cause people feel fatigue?
___________________________________________________
4. How does water help our skin?
___________________________________________________

Underline the
words you dont
know and use
your dictionary
to find the
meaning,
remember to
write it next to
the word.

2. Read the text and answer based on it.

JUNK FOOD AND FAST FOOD

Junk food is bad because it contains sugar and fat. We need both,
but junk food contains too much of them. Junk food is any kind of food that
has little or no nutritional value. They have often lots of calories, sugar or fat,
but no vitamins or minerals. Cakes, cookies, ice cream or most desserts are
usually considered junk food. Also candy and other snack foods are junk food.
Fast food is what people get at restaurants like McDonalds, Burger King, Fried
Chicken and others. It is available almost immediately. People dont wait for
it. So, fast food refers more to how it is served than to the type of food it is.
Some fast food is also junk food. French fries, for instance, are also
considered junk food because of their high fat content. But most fast food
restaurants also sell salads, which are definitely not junk food. Some fast food
restaurants serve breakfast. In the United States, there are fat farms for
young people. They are special camps; it is against the rules to eat candy,
hamburgers, pizza and other kinds of Junk and Fast food. In these places,
teenagers have to eat fruits, vegetables, brown bread, fish and other healthy
foods.

1. What is the amount of sugar in the junk food?

______________________________________________________

2. What does fast and junk food do not have as nutritional value?
____________ and ____________.

3. How many restaurants are mentioned in the text?

______________________________________________________

4. What makes French Fries Junk food?

______________________________________________________

5. Which healthy food can be bought in fast food restaurants?

______________________________________________________

6. What type of food do young people have to eat in the fat farms?
______________________________________________________

3. Read the recipes and choose the correct answer for each question.

Recipe N 1:
Thyme Vinegar

Recipe N 2 :
Red-Wine Vinegar
with Chili

Recipe N 3:
Creamy Coriander
Potatoes

cup fresh thyme

3 bay leaves

3 cups small firm potatoes

leaves
4 stems thyme

cooked

4 cups natural vinegar

3 small hot red chilis,

1/3 cup chopped fresh

(with no additives) or
fresh or dried (whole)

coriander

banana vinegar from

1 tsp. black pepper

1 cup sour cream

the market
(whole)

1 tsp salt

4 cups red-wine vinegar

1 tbsp butter

Place all together in a

Carefully wash a bottle

Heat

small jar. Close well

of wine with hot water

coriander and salt. Peel

and let stand for at

and soda, rinse well.

cooked

least one week.

It

Put all ingredients into

slice in round pieces.

spices up salads, and

the bottle, close and

Add butter and stir in

besides, its a nice

let stand for at least

sour cream.

present.

two

served

weeks.

vinegar

spices

This
up

tomato or green salads

with
much

avocado

and
more.

butter

and

add

potatoes

with

and

Can be
beef,

sausages or broccoli.

1. Which recipe requires to heat up elements during the process?

( A ) N 1 and N 2
( B ) N 1 and N 3
( C ) N 2 and N 3
( D ) N 1 exclusively

2. What is the name of the recipe that goes well with meat?
( A ) Bay Leaves
( B ) Thyme Vinegar
( C ) Creamy Coriander Potatoes
( D ) Red-Wine Vinegar with Chili

3. How much time do vinegars need to marinate before using them?

( A ) Less than one week
( B ) More than one year
( C ) One week or more
( D ) Up to one year

4. Which recipes are used to spice up other dishes?

( A ) N 1 and N 2
( B ) N 1 and N 3
( C ) N 2 and N 3
( D ) N 3 exclusively

5. Which ingredients do recipes N 1 and 2 have in common?

( A ) Banana vinegar
( B ) Hot red pepper
( C ) Black pepper
( D )Thyme
6)

What kind of vinegar does the second recipe need? _______________

vinegar.

( A ) Red-wine
( B ) Banana
( C ) Natural
( D ) Black

4. Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence, according to the

text

ORGANIC FOOD
Farming now is very different from what it was like 100 years ago. Now
chemicals destroy the soil top, which is the fertile part. The worms and
microorganisms that lived there are now dead because of the use of chemical
fertilizers, herbicides and fungicides and others; as a matter of fact, end up as
part of our everyday diet! You must know that eating the right food is the key for
living a healthier and longer life. Consumers in the 21 st century are demanding
food that is free from toxic substances or genetically modified organisms.
Before buying a product, they check the label. They look for the words certified
organic. This means that the product they are buying is produced naturally. A
wide variety of organic food is now available. Products such as fruit juice, milk,
bread, vegetables, fruit, poultry and meat form part of the extensive variety of
organic products on the market today.

Choose the appropriate alternative to complete each sentence, according to the text.
1. Nowadays, _______________________are being used by farmers.
( A ) microorganisms
( B ) organic products
( C ) chemical products
( D) non toxic substances
2. A negative fact is that chemicals often are ________________________.
( A ) eating the right food
( B ) part of our diet
( C ) pleasant
( D )dead
3. Now consumers are aware of selecting food without _________________________.
( A ) non-toxic substances
( B ) organic fertilizers
( C ) natural fertilizers
( D ) toxic substances
4. Products labeled certified oganic are _______________________.
( A ) natural
( B ) artificial
( C ) not available
( D ) grown with chemicals

POST-ACTIVITY
Interview different classmates about food they like and dislike, then make a
report based on the information you got. Use the balloons given. The first one is
an example. Share information with teacher and partners.

CONSOLIDATION
WRITE, what would be a nutritional breakfast / lunch /or dinner for you?
Share with teacher and classmates.

For me a nutritional breakfast would be .

BREAKFAST___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

LUNCH________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

DINNER_______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

CONSOLIDATION
Teacher asks students for some oral food comparisons in order to practice oral
communication. They can go to de board to write the example or just do it orally.

LESSON No. 4
TABLE MANNERS
WARM UP

Look at the picture below and identify which are good or bad table manners. Write the numbers
in the circles.

PRESENTATION

Lets talk about table manners.

Table manners refer to the etiquette used while eating, which may also include
the appropriate use of utensils. For example, it is generally impolite to put
elbows on tables, since doing so creates a risk of tipping over bowls and cups.
Each family or group sets its own standards for how strictly these rules are to be
enforced.

Good manners
Remember that it is really important to show good manners, for example take
into account the following aspects:
Say please and thank you.
Do not call the waiter whistling or using cat calls.
Do not talk with your mouth full of food.

Asking for Food in a restaurant

You will need different questions and answers to make communication

possible. The most common ones are presented here.

Waiter / Waitress

Clients

The waiter will ask you some

questions in order to take your
order.

To make requests you use

expressions such as.

May I help you?

What would you like to
order?
What would you like to eat /
drink?
Would you like or ?

May I have ?
Could I have ?
I would like a(n)

Remember to say:
Please
&
Thank you

Important to review

A few and many are used with count nouns:

Examples:

I ate a few apples.

Sue did not eat many oranges.

A little and much are used with non-count or mass nouns:

Examples:

I put a little sugar in my tea.

Mara wants a little milk.
Mara doesnt want much milk.

Some, any and a lot of can be used with both types of nouns.
Examples:

There are some apples on the table.

There is some butter in the refrigerator.
There isnt any chocolate.
There is a lot of bread in the oven.
There are a lot of tomatoes in the basket.

NOTE: any is used in negative and interrogative sentences.

How many (count-nouns)
How many cakes are you making?....... - only one
How many eggs do you want? .

- two

How many vegetables?

- three

How much (non-count nouns)

How much coffee does he drink? . - three cups
How much rice do we need?......... - ten pounds
How much pizza can you eat? .. - just one slice

PRE-ACTIVITY

1. Use good manners to complete the following conversation. Use the ones
studied before or any other you considerer possible.

Waiter: ____________________________________________________________

Client: Yes, please. _____________________________________and a piece of

chocolate cake, please?

Waiter: Sure. ________________________________________________________

Client: ____________________________________________ Orange juice, please.

Waiter: Medium or large?

Client: Medium, ____________________?

Waiter: OK, Ill be right back.

Client:

____________________________________________.

PRE-ACTIVITY

1. Leta read some information about table manner.

Make mealtime pleasant

Make mealtime pleasant with conversation and sharing. When you keep in
mind the division of responsibility you can let your child do their job eat or
not eat. You dont need to be concerned with how much or how little he/she
eats.
Make joint agreement with your spouse and children to make mealtime
peaceful. This is not a time to discuss problems of money, school, or
relationships.
Mealtime rituals can be fun and comforting. Maybe turns saying the prayer or
having someone start the conversation. Most people enjoy talking about the
days events.

Good manners at the table. Add any other you want.

Come to the table and socialize, even if she or he isnt hungry.

Do not criticize anything at mealtime.
Avoid talking about job, money, or any other kind of unpleasant theme.
Do not watching TV while mealtime.

WHILE-ACTIVITY

1. After reading, answer these questions based on Main Meals

ne of societies' most important moments of the day is the time when we sit down
at a table to enjoy a flavourful meal. But there are many etiquette rules
surrounding this pleasurable activity. Let's review the following terms related to
the meals we eat each day.

Main Meals

Breakfast: It is usually eaten very early in the morning or right after

a person wakes up. In Central American countries it is often common to
serve beans, tortillas, sour cream, and fruit. In other cultures it is more
common to eat cereal; different types of bread, and in others, people even
serve salty pastry such as sandwiches or croissants.

Brunch: It is very common among Americans. lt consists of a meal that

substitutes the breakfast because it is too late and is so large that it even
substitutes lunch. Therefore, the word brunch, means partially a breakfast
and partially a lunch.
Lunch: In most Costa Rican families, it comprises the biggest meal of the
day. However, due to our busy life, lt has lost importance in the past years;
and people just satisfy their appetite with either fast food or a snack. lt is
often eaten between 11 :00 A.M. and 2:00 P.M.

Tea or CotfeeTime: In British influenced countries, people often take a midafternoon meal consisting of pastry, and accompanied by tea. In Costa
Rica.for example, this meal is similar, only that tea in generally substituted
by a delicious coffee or "aguadulce" (a drink prepared with a product similar
to molasses). In this Central .American country, the Coffee Time often
substitutes dinner, so it is taken around 6:00 P.M

Dinner: It is generally the main meal in most American families. It is taken

after 6:00 P.M.

Supper: It is also an evening meal, and it is generally eaten late after 8:00
P.M. However, the term is most frequently considered to be synonymous
with dinner.

1. What do Costa Ricans used to eat in breakfast time? Do you consider that

American people breakfast something similar or not? Explain.

_____________________________________ ______________________
____________________________________________________ _______
2. Do Ticos used to have Brunch time?
___________________________________________

3. What do Costa Ricans used to drink at mid -afternoon? What do you

like to eat or drink?
___________________________________________________________

2. Read the text bellow.

a. Look for the meanimg of all the underline words.

UNIVERSAL TABLE MANNERS

When eating a dessert, the fork should be held in the left hand and the spoon in the
right.
2
It is not acceptable tu use the finger at the table to eat our push food onto the fork.
However, people may eat some foods such as fruit, sandwich, hamburgers, crisp,
chops or pizza with their fingers.
Drinks should always be to the right of the plate with the bread roll to the left.
3
4
5
When eating bread rolls, people need to break off pieces before buttering them.
6
7
People show never blow their nose on their napking. They have to place it on their
8
9
10
nap and use it to dab their mouth if they make a mess.
It is considered rude to answer the thelephone at the table. If people need to take an
11
urgent call, they shoud excuse themselves and go outside.
12
The food shoud be brought to peoples mouth on the fork; they shoud sit straight and
13
14
not lean towards their plate.
15
16
People should not take food from neighbors plates and shoud not ask to do so. If
extra food is not on the table, people should ask others first if they would like it before
17
18
taking it themselves, and try to eat all food they are served.
19
People should remember, never pick food out of their teeth with their fingers.
20
apologize when leaving the table
Adapted from Internet

b. Choose the correct option

1. Regarding table manners, it is allowed to use the fingers when eating ___________.
A) any food
B) a dessert
C) only junk food
D) fruit and chips

2. According to table setting, the glass in use should be ___________.

A) between the for and the knife
B) in the moddle of the table
C) to the right of the plate
D) to the left of the plate

3. People should never ____________ at the table.

A) Break of bread rolls
B) Answers the phone
C) Take extra food
D) Eat all the food

4. It is consider appropriate to ____________.

A) Bend over a soup plate
B) take food from others plates
C) Use a napking to blow your nose
D) apologize when leaving the table

POST-ACTIVITY

Practice this vocabulary: Read the sentences and complete them by using the correct word, write
an X in the option which has the correct answer. Use your dictionary if you need it.

1. An antonym for green is ____________.

a. sour

b. ripe

c. sick

d. hot

2. A very delicious fruit is ____________.

a. oats

b. mixer

c. radish

d. cherry

3. A vegetable you may buy in Greengrocery is ____________.

a. liver

b. wheat

c. parsley

d. tray

4. You need cinnamon, sugar, cloves, raisings to prepare ____________.

a. rice pudding

b. raw fish

c. bread

d. heart of palm

5. Your mother likes to ____________ many cakes on weekends.

a. melt

b. bake

c. pour

d. boil

6. A synonym for sweet is ____________.

a. cold

b. dessert

c. ripe

7. I like to eat ____________ hash.

a. garlic

b. potato

c. rice

d. beet

d. hot

8. The meaning of Bruch, its a meal ____.

a. after dinner

b. after lunch

c. coffee break

d. that substitutes the

breakfast and lunch

CONSOLIDATION

Try to remember something that you studied, y if you need it go back to the information.

Give your opinions, and share them with your teacher and classmates.

1. How important is to have good manners at the table?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

2. Do you consider that most families appreciate mealtime?

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

3. Do you think that families ties become stronger through mealtime? Why? Give your opinion.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

4. It is difficult to occupied families to eat together? Why?

______________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

5. What is the meaning of table manners?

______________________________________________________________________

6. Why is impolite to put elbows on tables?

______________________________________________________________________

3. Which table manner do you follow according to the ones presented in the thext above
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

7. Do people have the same table manners around the World?

______________________________________________________________________

LINKING WORDS IN CONTEXT

.

LESSON No 1
I like hamburgers but I prefer pizza

WARM UP

Three volunteers to order the 3 scramble sentences on the board; they have to use the linking
word in the correct place. The first student who finishes will receive a reward.

PRESENTATION

LINKING WORDS
They are used to connect two or more independent clauses. Independent clauses are complete
sentences.

Givingexamples

Giving a reason

For example
For instance
Namely
Addinginformation

Due to / Due to the fact that

Owing to / Owing to the fact that Because
Because of
Giving a result

And
In addition
As well as
Also
Furthermore
Moreover
Apart from
In addition to
Besides
Sequencing ideas

Therefore
So
Consequently
This means that
As a result

The former, the later

Firstly, secondly, finally
The first point is
Lastly
The following

But
However
Although / even though
Despite / despite the fact
In spite of / in spite of the fact
Nevertheless

Contrasting ideas

Summarizing
In short
In brief
In summary
To summarize
In a nutshell
To conclude
In conclusin

Nonetheless
While
Whereas
Unlike
In theoryin practice

JUST LOOK SOME

EXAMPLES

Mary bought vegetables, and some meat, too.

I dont really like onions, but I eat them anyway.
Did you use to drink tea, or did you prefer coffee?
She doesnt feel very well, so she goes to the doctor.
Jeanette is my doctor. She is also my best friend.
They went to Tortuguero National Park; they also go to see the turtles
nesting.
READY TO
COMPETE?

PRE-ACTIVITY

Work in pairs. Look up the meaning of the following words in the dictionary. You have only 10
minutes to do it. The first student who finishes at first will receive a reward.

1. eventhough _______________

13. although

_________________

2. therefore __________________

14. on the other hand

3. forinstance ________________

15. moreover ____________________

4. but ______________________

16. since ________________________

5. thus ______________________

17. because ______________________

6. unless _____________________

18. if ___________________________

7. and ______________________

19. besides ______________________

8. or _______________________

20. furthermore ___________________

9. then ______________________

21. bytheway ____________________

10. likewise ___________________

22. forthispurpose ________________

11. nevertheless ________________

23. hence ________________________

12. at least ____________________

24. beyond _______________________

_____________

25. however ______________________

The dictionary helps you to know the meaning of many words.

WHILE-ACTIVITY

1. Listen to the conversation twice and complete with the missing words like (verbs, linking words
and nouns).
Track 50, Interchange Intro Unit 9, exercise 3.

Conversation
Adam:

What do you (1)__________ for the barbecue?

Amanda:

Hmmm. How about chicken (2)_________ hamburgers?

Adam:

OK. We have some chicken in the freezer, (3)_______ we dont have any
hamburger (4)____________.

Amanda:

And there arent hamburgers rolls.

Adam:

Do we (5)________ any soda?

Amanda:

No, we dont. We (6)________ some. Oh, and lets (7)________ some lemonade,
too.

Adam:

All right. And how about potato (8)__________?

Amanda:

Oh, yeah. Everyone (9)__________ potato salad.

2. Read the sentences and complete them by using the given linking words, some of them can be
repeated.

therefore / but / because / and / unless / so / or /

1. He drinks coffee, _______she prefers tea.

2. Gary lives in Ohio, _______ Deana lives in Michigan.

3. The boy got sick, _________ he ate contaminated food.
4. She loves to dance, _______ she bought a studio.
5. You could buy a car, ________ you could put the money in the bank.
6. I hate to sing, __________ I love to dance.
7. John _______ George both play football.
8. My son practices sport, ____________ he needs to eat healthy food.
9. Paul listens to music _______ reads books.
10. John, Paul, George, ________ Harry are classmates.
11. Tonny is going to lose this course, ____________ he decides to study a lot.

POST-ACTIVITY

1. Write an X on the letter which has the correct option.

1. Her salary is higher than mine ____________ we do the same work.

A. although
B. despite
C. however
2. It must be finished before tomorrow __________ long it takes.
A. whatever
B. no matter
C. however

3. It will take place outdoors, __________ it rains or not.

A if
B in spite of
C whether

4. You must attend the meeting ____________ he'll be very annoyed.

A otherwise
B nevertheless
C unless

5. The country is at war. ______________ it is underdeveloped.

A Additionally
B Furthermore
C As well

POST-ACTIVITY

Create 4 sentences by using liking words, dont repeat the linking words.
Share with teacher and classmates.

1. ________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________

TOURIST ASPECTS

WORLWIDE

LESSON No 1
WARM UP
Look at the different tourist activities people can do in various places of our country. Do you know
the name? Write them on the blanks.

Add two others you know.

1.

5.

9.

2.

6.

10.

3.

7.

11.

4.

8.

12.

PRESENTATION
Vocabulary:

Word

Meaning

Word

Meaning

Word

Meaning

Walking

caminar

Check in

registrarse

Valley

valle

Shopping

d/compras

Checkout

Dejar/Hot

Handicraft

artesana

Camping

acampar

Take a trip

viajar

Snakes

serpientes

Surfing

surfear

Lodge

alojarse

Journey

viaje

Caving

e/cavernas

Take off

quitarse

cloudy

nublado

Climbing

escalar

Land

tierra

Flights

vuelos

Canoeing

en/canoa

Travel

viajar

Foggy

neblinoso

Swimming

nadar

Onboard

abordar

Folk

folklor

Rafting

en/rpidos

Hiking

c/senderos

Packages

paquetes

Fishing

pescar

Fare

Tarifa

Sandy

arenoso

Taking pictures

t/fotos

Tour company

CompaaTto
urism

Passenger

pasajero

Diving

busear

Tent

Tiend/camp

Suitcase

maletn

Exploring

explorar

Lodging

alojamiento

Bag

bolsa/o

Snorkeling

busear/snor

Forests

bosque

Driver

conductor

Lookingfor

buscar

Beauty

belleza

Abroad

e/extranje

Looking at

mirar

Pool

piscina

Arrival

llegar

Boat

bote

Bridges

puentes

Tourist

tursta

Ship

barco

Trees

rboles

Harbor

puerto

Canoe

canoa

Landscape

paisaje

Stunning

increble

Cart

carreta

Rainy

lluvioso

gear

equipo

Byfoot

a pie

Cold

fro

swamp

Pantano

Transport

transporte

Sunny

soleado

Hikingtrails

senderos

Lose

perder

Schedule

horario

Hatch

escotilla

Wait

esperar

Destination

destino

nesting

desovar

Pick up

recoger

Wealth

riqueza

Cliffs

risco

Rest

descanzar

Paradise

paraiso

Travelagency

Ag/viaje

Taxes

impuestos

Worldwide

t/el/mundo

Duty

Oblig/imp

Spa

p/relajar

Landmark

p/ref/seal

Remain

permanecer

Development

desarrollo

Sightseeing

h/turismo

Outrageous

atroz

Trade

comerciar

Income

ingresos

Invested

invertir

Resorts

c/turstico

Twice

dos veces

Waste

Basura

Trips

viajes

Lookoutpoints

mirar

Booklets

folleto

Once

Una vez

Accommodation

alojamiento

Attentivestaff

empleados

Gate

puerta

Views

vista

amazing

asombroso

Treasures

tesoros

Limestone

piedra/caliza

Exuberant

exuberante

Freeshuttle bus

viaje gratis

Lake

lago

Success

xito

Amusing

divertido

Lagoon

laguna

Well-known

Muy/conoci

Tour guide

g/turstico

Waterfall

catarata

Patrimony

patrimonio

Fly

volar

Cavern

caverna

Customes

vestuario

Headquarters

sede/cuartel

Stewardess

aux v/camar

Breath

respirar

Goods

productos

Customs

aduana

sights

vistas

Wonder

e/sorprendid

TWO STUDENTS READ TO PRACTICE PRONUNCIATION.

SOME USEFUL PHRASES TO PRACTICE, LETS READ THEM AND WRITE EXAMPLE ON THE BOARD.

May I help you?

You should take this trip because

Its your chance to see it all in a month.

This is a one-month package and includes air fares, transportation, hotels

Whats the capital city of ?

I wonder what that place may be.

Can you tell me what is like there?

PRE-ACTIVITY
Read the information about Costa Rica and answer:

WHILE-ACTIVITY

1. Read the information and answer.

1. Places people can go to surf:

_______________________
_______________________
_______________________
2. Beginners should not go to______________.
3. The best months for skilled surfers are
_______________________________________
________________________.
4. Mention three beaches located in Limn:
_____________________,
_____________________ and
_____________________.

2. Read the information and answer.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica is located in the Central American isthmus,

between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea. It is a
privileged destination because of its location in the middle
of the Western Hemisphere. Its varied landscapes and
mild climate make this small country the perfect getaway
for a spectacular vacation, medical or health tourism, a
memorable business meeting or convention.

medical / vacation / mild climate / business / convention / Western

Hemisphere / Pacific / landscapes / the Central American isthmus /
Caribbean / health

Costa Rica is located in __________________________. It is between the

_______________________ and the ________________________ Ocean. It is
in the middle of the __________________________. The
___________________________ and _______________________ make this
tiny country a wonderful place to have a ____________________time.
_____________ and __________________ tourism have increased. It is also a
fantastic place for a ________________________ meeting or
_____________________.

POST-ACTIVITY

Answer:
Have you ever been to Limn / Puntarenas / Marino Ballena National Park?
Etc.
Whats your opinion? Give some information about things or experience you saw
in that place
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

CONSOLIDATION
Teacher asks some questions to students based on the vocabulary and information
they studied before. Questions about the places they visited would be ask too.

LESSON No 2

WARM UP

Classify what would be different tourist activities in Costa Rica according to your
opinion. Use the charts below. Write at least two.

PRESENTATION
The use of the Pronouns.

Personal Pronouns or Subject Pronouns

They are pronouns used as substitutes for proper or common nouns. All known languages contain
personal pronouns.

Example:

1. Ana is my friend.
She is my friend.

2. The car is in the workshop.

It is in the workshop.

3. My mother loves gardening.

She loves gardening

4. The students are nice.

They are nice

5. My father is in office.
He is in the office.
6. My friends and I are going to the movie today.
We are to de movie today.

Use the correct personal pronouns. Watch the words in brackets.

Example: ___ often reads books. (Lisa)

Answer: She often reads books.

1)

is dreaming. (George)

2)

is green. (the blackboard)

3)

are on the wall. (the posters)

4)

is running. (the dog)

5)

are watching TV. (my mother and I)

6)

are in the garden. (the flowers)

7)

is riding his bike. (Tom)

8)

is from Bristol. (Victoria)

9)

has got a brother. (Diana)

10) Have

got a computer, Mandy?

Possessive adjectives

Before a noun, you often use words that help you indicate possession (they help
you say who that object or thing belongs to)

Example

My

cake!...It is my birthday....I am five today

Object pronouns

The object pronoun answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to
what the subject of the sentence is doing.

They are used after prepositions abd verbs.

Examples:
1. Bill hit the ball.
"Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."
2. Sherry reads the book.
"Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
Examples:
1. He understands me.
2. You understand him/it.
3. They have her/it.

Example: She gave me the report. -- (Who received the report? Me.)
1. I throw the ball to Miguel.
2. I throw the ball to him.
Examples:
1. He speaks to me.
2. She speaks to you.
3. They speak to him/her.
4. She speaks to us.
5. I speak to them.
Cual es la diferencia entre "I" y "me"? Cual es la diferencia entre
Subject pronouns and Object pronouns? Pues quiere decir lo mismo
pero por regla es distinto. I es cuando va antes del verbo y me es
cuando va despus del verbo pero los dos se refieren a la primera
persona "yo". Los subject pronouns realizan la accin y los object
pronouns reciben la accin.
PRE-ACTIVITY

I. Exercise on possessive adjectives. Circle on the correct one.

1) Hello. My His Your name is Peter....

2) What is my her your name? ''I am Paul''
3) Is Cintia my his your sister? ''Yes, she is my eldest
sister''

4) What is his her its name? '' Gloria''

5) I have a brother...Her His Their name is Tom.

6) Is it your case? ''Yes, it is my his her case''

7) Our Your Its family name is Capellini...We are Italian.

8) Mara is from Russia. His Her Its flat is in Moscow.
9) Is this a photo of his her your family? ''Yes...mom, pop and my brother''
10) Who is your best friend? '' My His Her best friend is Simon''

II. Circle the correct pronouns

1) We/Us usually see they / them.
2) I/Me write to she / her everyday.
3) He/Him loves her / she very much but she/her doesnt love he/him.
4) Please dont wait for she / her.
5) Do you like he/him?
6) My family prepares a party for me / I.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read and write what you prefer from this hotel.

Recognized by Travel & Leisure magazine readers as one of the

"World's Best", the Los Suenos Marriott Ocean & Golf Resort is a
luxury Costa Rica resort hotel nestled between the warm waters
of the Pacific and a 1,100 acre tropical rainforest. Ouroceanfront
Costa Rica accommodationsinclude:

201 luxurious rooms& Suits: some with private balconies and magnificent
views.
Mountain and gardenviews.
The indulgent bedding (comfortable; mattress, blankets, pillows, coverings,
quilts).
6 restaurants and lounges (halls)
Pools
Lobby
La Iguana Golf Course.
Stellaris Casino.
SibRainforest Spa &Retreat.
11 meeting rooms, perfect for your wedding or meetings.
Tours: hiking, animals watching, canopy, etc.
High-speed Internet access& spacious work desk for business travelers.
Valet parking fee
Pets are not allowed, only with disabilities persons.
Other amenities include international cable TV, mini bar, hair dryer, coffee
machine
Its an excellent option for a romantic, exciting and relaxing Honeymoon.Nature
Rates from: $297 - $392 USD
Valid Through: November 8, 2011

Get ready forTeachers

questions

2. a. Read the information below and circle the possessive adjective you identify in the reading

Los Sueos Marriot Hotel Package

Package benefits start at 4pm on your arrival date and end at 12 noon on your
departure date. Children up to 6 years are free; 7-12 years $38 per child, 12 and
over $75 per person (maximum 4 adults in one room). Other restrictions may
apply.
Package includes:
-Deluxe, Ocean View or Premium Ocean accommodations
-All meals:
-Breakfast at La Vista Restaurant
-Lunch at La Vista Restaurant, Puesta del Sol, Arrecife or Hoyo 19
-Dinner at La Vista Restaurant or Nuevo Latino
-Snacks
-Non- alcoholic beverages, beer, premium brand liquor and house wine by
the glass
-Use of tennis courts
-All hotel activities
-Kids Club
-Taxes, services charges and gratuities
-$10 Casino match bet coupon.

2. b. Answer these questions based on the reading about Los Suenos Marriot
Hotel.
1. What time can you check in at the hotel?
_________________________
2. Do children under 6 have to pay?
_________________________
3. How much people older than 12 have to pay?
_________________________
4. Are all meals included in the package?
_________________________
5. Are sport activities available?
_________________________

Whats the meaning of the BET

3. Analyze the information related to Costa Verde Hotel and answer the questions.

1. Where is Costa Verde Hotel located?

_____________________________________
2. Whats the cheapest season to visit Costa Verde Hotel?
_______________________
3. Whats the most expensive season to visit the Hotel?
_________________________
4. Are taxes included in the rates?
__________________________________________
5. Whats an attractive characteristic when you visit this hotel?
___________________

Can you look for the meaning of these words in your dictionary?
Kitchenett

_____________________

Ceiling

_____________________

Beam

_____________________

Still

_____________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Complete the chart according to the information related to Mirador La Paz Lodge.

-Rooms:
-Capacity:
-Recreational
activities:

-Location

CONSOLIDATION
Lets share some experiences. Orally.

1. Have you ever been to a hotel?

2. What did you like there?

LESSON No 3
WARM UP
Do you know what are some volcanoes of Costa Rica and where are they located? Complete the
charts with the location that corresponds.

Cartago / Alajuela / Guanacaste

Iraz

Arenal

Pos

Rincn De la Vieja

Turrialba

Oros

PRESENTATION

Advantages: favorable position or positive things in relation to somebody or

something
Disadvantages: something that makes a situation worse or negative things to
somebody or something.
What is Ecotourism?
"purposeful travel to natural areas to understand the culture and natural history of
the environment; taking care not to alter the integrity of the ecosystem; producing
economic opportunities that make the conservation of natural resources beneficial
to local people."
Advantages:

Ecotourism is one of the fastest growing sectors in Costa Rica, because of

its cloud forests, active volcanoes, and wide variety of flora and fauna.

It gives an important economic income to the country. The nation's tourist

industry brings in about 1 million visitors annually and generates approximately $1
billion a year, making it Costa Rica's second largest source of income after silicon
chip production.
Disadvantages:

Costa Rica has allowed their ecotourism industry to become ecologically

damaging. By allowing unlimited numbers of tourists into protected areas and
encouraging the construction of high-rise hotels and resorts.

Destruction of ecosystems and the displacement of local people.

Tourism has produced conflicts over land and water resources with
peasants (an agricultural laborer or small farmer) and local communities.


The sexual exploitation of local women and children constitutes yet another
distressing (upset=disappointed/unhappy) repercussion of Costa Rica's
unregulated tourist industry.

Oil exploration threatens (bad intention) to destroy fragile coastal

ecosystems.

Multinational fruit companies and US corporate backed (support) cattle

industries are responsible for a deforestation rate.

PRE-ACTIVITY

Remember your dictionary

Here are some words to use:

sport fishing / canopy tours / climbing / kayaking / rafting / snorkeling / cruises / animal
watching / birds watching / horseback riding / ecological tours / scuba diving / sailing /
hiking / surfing / aerial tram / banana bout / restaurants / souvenir shop /

Have you ever visited a volcano?

If you answer YES.

What was the volcano? What did you experience there?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

If you answer NO.

What do you expect to do or find when visiting a volcano?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

WHILE-ACTIVITY

Dictionary

1. Read and solve the exercise.

Arenal VolcanoThis is the most active volcano in the whole

country, and could be well be the highlight of your next Costa Rica
tour. Situated to the north of the capitol of San Jose, this area is
home to caves, Lake Arenal, and the Tabacon Hot springs, which
are fed by the volcano.
The ArenalVolcano, is an active volcano in north-western Costa
Rica around, in the province of Alajuela. It is the most active
volcano in Costa Rica. Arenal is the
1. What is the most active volcano in Costa Rica?
youngest and most active of all the
mountains in Costa Rica. It can be
_______________________________________
reported to have minor eruptions every
5-10 minutes. Arenal rises 1657 meters 2. What is the most impressive vocano in Costa Rica?
above sea level and overlooks Lake
Arenal; both are part of Arenal Volcano
National Park. This constant activity and
minimal endangerment makes Arenal a
popular tourist destination, especially at
night, because the lava and incandescent
rocks make a spectacular sight.

Poas

________________________________________
3. Which volcano has a sulfur lake inside its crater?
________________________________________
4. What is the reason of little vegetation near Poas
Volcano?
_________________________________________

Volcan
o National Park
Only an hours' drive from the capitol, this is one of the best
things to see around the capitol of San Jose. While not as
impressive as Arenal, this volcano has a sulfur lake inside one of its explosion craters. The area is
filled with ash so there is little vegetation near the summit for an otherworldly experience
unlike any other and provides a great setting for your Costa Rica adventure tour.
The Pos Volcano is an active volcano in central Costa Rica. There are two crater lakes near its
summit. The volcano is located within the Poas Volcano National Park. It is considered the
largest active crater in the world, about 1 mile (1.6 km.) wide and 320 meters deep, with
frequent geyser-like eruptions. Near the volcano's active crater, there are lakes of molten sulfur,
thought to be the only examples of their kind in the world.Lake Botos fills an extinct crater and
is home to many cloud forest birds like hummingbirds, tanagers, flycatchers, toucans, Clay-

colored Robin and the Resplendent Quetzal. Due to the high acidity of the lake there is little to
no marine life in the lake.
2. Read and answer.

Tortuguero National Park

Certainly, one of the most enjoyable places to visit in Costa Rica is Tortuguero National
Park, so much so that today it is the third-most visited park in Costa Rica, even though you
can only get there by airplane or boat. What is so attractive about this place? Well, its
popularity is mainly due to the fact that inside the reserve you can find eleven different
habitats, including rain forests, swamps, beaches and
lagoons.
This park is located on the Caribbean coast and
its beaches are very important for the protection of
different species of endangered sea turtles. Moreover,
Tortuguero is home to species like jaguars, tucans,
monkeys, poisonous frogs, 400 species of tress, and
2200 species of plants.
To see the turtles laying their eggs, you should go
at night. You must go with a guide because no one is
allowed to be on the beach unaccompanied after 6
oclock. If you are exceptionally lucky, you might see
the newly hatched turtles running to the sea.
But besides watching all this impressive amount of biodiversity, what else can tourists
do there? Well, the park offers many services, like renting kayaks, canoes or motorized
boats to explore the lagoons and canals. The exploration of the park can also be on foot
through the different hiking trails to the rain forests or to the beaches.
In the villages of Tortuguero, preservation is a main concern and most inhabitants
work hard to protect this small paradise on earth.

1. What is the tourist attraction which has the third place in visiting?

__________________________________________________________________

2. How can you get to Tortuguero National Park?

__________________________________________________________________

3. Why is Tortuguero National Park so popular?

__________________________________________________________________

4. Where is the Park located?

__________________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Based on the text above, choose the appropriate option to complete the statements.

Costa Rica Tours Guides and Ecotourism

Costa Rica is the birthplace of ecotourism with extensive experience explaining
this bewildering variety of while to tens of thousands of visitors every year. The
first place to start is with well-train natural history guides. There are about 400
such guides, all of whom are experts at identifying birds, frogs, bats, monkeys and
other wildlife, and at explaining the relationship between animals and species.
Some guides specialize in particular animal group, such as reptiles, birds, turtles,
or marine life. Because there are literally dozens of conservation and research
organizations based in Costa Rica, guides are constantly acquiring the latest
information about native flora and fauna. Visitors will find knowledgeable guides and
well-maintained trails in virtual every park and wildlife refuge in the country.

Adapted from Internet

1. Some tour guides are __________.

( A ) badly organization
( B ) well-prepared
( C ) all refugees
( D ) hard to get

2. There are around four hundred __________ in Costa Rica.

( A ) specialized guides
( B ) research organizations
( C ) identified frogs and birds
( D ) relationships between species

3. Tourists can find experts on __________ in Costa Rica.

( A ) visitors
( B ) refugees
( C ) wildlife visitors
( D ) wildlife and natural history

4. Costa Ricas ecotourism is amazing because __________.

( A ) The information is about fauna
( B ) of the enormous variety of wildlife
( C ) destinations are maintained in virtual trails
( D ) guides specialize in the oldest information

5. Some tour guides have a lot knowledge of ___________ in Costa Rica.

( A ) animal groups
( B ) social specialist
( C ) many researchers
( D )general investigations

CONSOLIDATION
Ecoturism

Definition:

Remember what you read.

Mention some animals people can find at Poas Volcano

LESSON No 4

WARM UP
Look at the landmarks or monuments and identify the countries where they are located.

PRESENTATION

When we travel, airports, train and bus stations are often so crowded and
everybody seems so busy that it is troublesome to ask for help. But dont panic,
there is a set of symbols all around airports that will help you find your way. Look at
the following signs.

PRE-ACTIVIT

Complete the sentences by writing the Sign that completes each idea.

1. If you get hungry you should go to ______________.

2. If you want to look for your baggage which you lost while going to the WC, the
best idea is to check the ______________.
3. People should avoid smoking if they see this sign ______________.
4. To pick up a relative or friend who is just arriving to the country go to
______________ .
5. When you must take more than one flight to reach your final destination, you
must in ______________.
6. If you have a later flight and want to tour around the city for a while without have
to carry your suitcases, you may leave them at ______________.
7. If you need to freshen up and use the toilet, go to ______________.
8. Not everybody plans ahead where they will stay in a foreign country, so they
need to go to ______________.
9. If you get lost and need help, go to ______________.
10. You feel badly and need medical assistance. It is better if you walk toward
______________.
11. You are going back home and forgot to buy a present for your
boyfriend/girlfriend. The best place will be ______________.
12. When you arrive to your final destination, the first thing you need is your
baggage. Go to ______________.
13. When arriving to the United States, everybody must go through
______________ to get the baggage checked.
14. Tickets can always be bought in the airport; just look for this sign
______________.
15. If you need transportation you must look for any of the following signs
______________, ______________, ______________, ______________.
16. There is a fire. Look for the ______________.

WHILE-ACTIVITYI. Read the information and answer. Underline irregular

verbs, in present or past.

Empire State Building Observatory

Address: 350 5th Avenue
New York City, NY
Description
Until you see New York City from the Empire State
Building observatory, you havent really seen it! Youll remember your visit to
the Empire State Building and the amazing 360-degree panoramic views of
Manhattan forever.
Your ticket takes you to the 86th-floor observatory, at 1,050 feet (320
meters). The glass-enclosed observatory is reached by high-speed
elevators, and is heated in winter and cooled in summer. Youll enjoy
spectacular views from the spacious outdoor promenades on all four sides of
the building.
Relive the rich historic, romantic, and cinematic history of the New York icon
and the rest of the Big Apple.
Since its completion in 1931, the Empire State Building has been recognized
as both the symbol of New York City and one of the top attractions in the
world. Prior to the construction of the World Trade Center Towers, the
Empire State Building was considered the tallest skyscraper in the city.
Towering over other New York buildings, the Empire State Building has been
the subject of popular American films and television shows like King Kong,
An Affair to Remember, Sleepless in Seattle, Independence Day, and
Gossip Girl.
There are plenty of goodies to see inside the Empire State Building as well
like the gallery of VIP Photos which features pictures of some of the
skyscrapers most prominent visitors. If youre tired of all of the hustle and
bustle of New York museums, dont fret, the Empire State Building has the
Fifth Avenue Gallery Windows displaying memorabilia from the citys
museums, galleries, and artists. If you come to Now York, dont miss the
opportunity to experience the Empire state Building observatory.

1. What would happen if you go to the top of the Empire State Building?
_____________________________________________________
2. Whats the capacity view when you are in the observatory?
____________________________________________________
3. How many floors does the building
have?______________________________________________
4. People use to call New York City as
___________________________________________________
5. The Empire State Building has been recognized as
___________________________ and considered
_________________________________________________________
6. Besides its wonderful beauty the building has been used in
_________________, for example: ____________________,
___________________ and _________________.

II. Read and answer

The Statue of Liberty

The Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from the people of France
to the people of the United States and is a universal symbol of freedom
and democracy. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on October 28,
1886, designated as a National Monument in 1924 and restored for her
centennial on July 4, 1986.
Public Transportation

Liberty Island

The Statue of Liberty on Liberty

Island and the Ellis Island
Immigration Museum on Ellis Island are located in Lower
New York Harbor, slightly over one mile from Lower
Manhattan. Liberty and Ellis Islands are accessible by ferry
service only. Ferries are operated by Statue Cruises from
Ellis Island
New York and New
Jersey. One round trip
ferry ticket includes visits to both islands.
The only way to get to Liberty Island is by using the Statue
of Liberty - Ellis Island Ferry system. Private vessels are
not allowed to dock at Liberty and Ellis Islands.

1. Where did the Statue of Liberty come from? _____________________________

2. What does the Statue of Liberty represent? _____________________________
3. When was it declared National Monument? _____________________________
4. Statue of Liberty location:
___________________________________________
5. How can tourists get to the Statue of Liberty? ___________________________

III. Choose the correct alternative to complete each sentence from the above text.

EGYPT: A GREAT PLACE TO VACATION

Zip Ryan and I went to Egypt on vacation.
Fortunately for us, when we somewhat hesitantly told Egyptians we were from America, they were
very pleased to meet us, and more than one said, Tell the Americans how beautiful our country is and
to come to visit us and oh, by the way, what is wrong with your President Bush?. Depending on
tourism, Egyptians understand the importance of security and treating their tourists well. Since the
1997 incident in Luxor, not one tourist has even been attacked in Egypt.
Our journey from San Jos, Costa Rica was relatively direct. We took American Airlinesnew nonstop 4
hour flight to J.F.K. Airport in New York, and from there changed to Egypt Air for a 10-hour Boing 777
nonstop flight to Cairo.
Cairos population of nearly 20.000.000 makes the third city largest in the world.

1) Egyptians feel _____________to meet tourists.

a) important

b) unhappy

c)Insecure

Adapted from The Tico Times.

2) Tourists are ____________by Egyptians.

a) well treated

b) mistreated

d) glad

c) attacked

d) abused

3) According to the text, travelers must take two ______________to get to Egypt from San Jos.
a) subways

b) planes

c)buses

4) Cairo is considered the largest city in Africa because of the ___________________.

a) importance they give to security

c) amount of population it has

b) quantity of tourists they receive

d) direct journey they offe

d)trains

POST-ACTIVITY
Match according to the reading about The Eiffel Tower

Eiffel Tower

Planning a visit to Paris or just curious... when was the Eiffel

Tower built? The Eiffel tower in Paris was inaugurated on 31
March 1889. It was the keystone of the Universal Exposition
celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the French Revolution.
Who built the Eiffel Tower? It was built by Gustave Eiffel in just
26 months. With 2 million visitors the first year and almost 6
million people a year today, the Eiffel Tower is a real crowd
pleaser. At the crossroads of the entire world, 180 million visitors
have come since its construction. It's not surprising when you
consider the Eiffel Tower is the monument that best symbolizes
Europe. It's also the one tourists prefer.
More than 100 years after the Eiffel tower was built, its technology, especially the lift and
elevator system, remains amazing....
Visit the Eiffel tower and learn more about its history and amazing technology.
It took 18,038 parts, 3,000 workshop drawings, 700 engineering plans and 2,500,000 rivets to
raise this structure weighing 7,300 tons and measuring 1,050 feet high. It was inaugurated in
March 1889, at the Universal Exhibition. It caused a violent polemic, meeting nearly
unanimous hostility from the Parisian artistic world. Once the Tower was finished the criticism
burnt itself out in the presence of the completed masterpiece, and in the light of the
enormous popular success with which it was greeted.
Every visitor with a ticket to visit the monument can watch the machinery of the
corresponding elevator in operation in the East and West pillars. This voyage underground, in
an atmosphere which evokes Jules Verne, lets you discover the imposing hydraulic machines
designed by Gustave Eiffel. This machinery is still used after being restored and computerized.
First level, a vast space to stroll and relax. Playful animation lets you discover the past and
present history of the Tower, the technique and know-how that it symbolizes as well as the
momentous events that occurred during its life. A large circular gallery, with explanatory
panels as aid, leads you through the sites and monuments that make up Paris.

Eiffel Tower matching:

Inauguration

1.

Celebrating

2.

Past and present history of the

tower
Its amazing

Builtby

3.

26 months

Visitors per year

4.

1050 feet

The building technology

5.

March 31st, 1889

Constructed in

6.

The machinery used at that time

People can observe inside

the tower
Measure

7.

8.

Anniversary of French
Revolution
6 millions

Underground people can

see

9.

Gustave Eiffel

CONSOLIDATION
Do you know the names of these monuments? Write the number.

JOB DEMAND IN COSTA RICA

CAREERS

A winner is someone who recognized his/her God-given talents

LESSON No 1
WARM UP

Which of the qualities below do consider the most important for you as a future worker? Just
check ( ) in the circle and comment with a partner, then share with teacher and classmates.

Some Vocabulary

PRESENTATION

major
shift
to make up your mind
proactive
coverletter
resume
seemingly
totrick
tofillout
task
reliable
self-confident
self-doubt

Discipline a student chooses to study

Period of time during which people work
Tomake a decision
Withinitiative
Introduction to a possible employer
Curriculum vitae
Apparently
Todeceive
To complete information in a form
A piece of work that somebody do
Capable
Faith in ones own judgment and abilities
Lack of confidence in ones abilities

How to use these phrases:

PRE-ACTIVITY

Classify the category of these jobs. Complete the charts to your right.

Health Care / Tourism / Business / Home / Technology / Banking

JOB DEMAND IN COSTA RICA

Administrative and support Service / Advertising
/ Architects / Legal lawyers / Secretarial
Accountants / Auditors / Analysts/ Tax advisors
Dentists / Doctors / Nursing / Pharmacy
Computer programing / Systems administration,
/ Telecommunications
Bar work / Hotel & resort management /
Receptionist
Babysitting / Gardeners / Domestichelp

COVER LETTER

1. Your name:
2. Your address, phone, e-mail
The objective
is to show
basic
information
to the
company or
place where
she/he is
wants to
work.

3. Date

4. Employers name, company and address

5. Dear Mr / Ms

6. (greeting)

6.
1st Write what position you are applying for and why.
2nd Say what you have to offer to the employer (experience, skills,
honesty)

7. Finally: Thank the employer for considering you and request an

appointment.

8. Respectfully yours,

9. Your name and signature

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the ad of the hiring company and the resumes sent by the candidates.

2. Read the ads below and choose the one you prefer, and then write a cover letter to apply for it.
Fallow the steps in the example on pre-activity.

Cover Letter

1
_____________________________________

__________________________________________

___________________________

__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________

__________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________________________
__________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________________________
_________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
_________________________________
3
________________________

________________________ ________________

POST-ACTIVITY

Match the terms on the left with their definitions on the right.

Period of time women dont work because of

child bird
Money workers get for the work they do

Employer

1.

Employee

2.

Severance

3.

Workforce

4.

Maternity
leave
Sickleave

5.

6.

Payment

7.

Employment

8.

when worker labor for more hours than what

she or he is supposed to work
When a worker is running late to work

Full-time-job

9.

To reduce the number of workers

P-time-job

10.

Applicant

11.

When a worker gets sick, she/he calls to let

know her/his employer she/he will not work
that day
The person or company who gives the job

Interviewer

12.

Job
application
To downsize

13.

14.

The lowest amount of money a person

should legally get from the employer
Period of time a person doesnt work
because of a disease or accident
Person who applies or asks for a job

Call in late

15.

When a person work 8 hours a day

Call in
absent
Minimum
wage
Overtime

16.

Group of people that work for a company

17.

When the worker is forced to leave the job

18.

When a person works only half a day or

week

When someone gets a job and is paid for

that
Person in charge of interviewing the
applicant
Is a paper that one fill out to let the company
some information about you
It is the person who gets paid to work

CONSOLIDATION

Work in pairs and write a dialogue in which one student is going to be the applicant and the other
one is going to be the employer.

Interview

____________ ___________________________
________________________________________

____________ ___________________________
________________________________________

____________ ___________________________
_______________________________________

____________ ___________________________
________________________________________

LESSON No 2
WARM UP

Would you try to order the information here to perform a Resume?

Experience / Contact information / Skills and Interest /

Recomendaciones / Objetive

1. _____________________________________
2. _____________________________________
3. _____________________________________
4. _____________________________________
5. _____________________________________
6. _____________________________________

PRESENTATION

What is a Resume?
A resume is a one or two pages summary of your skills, experience and education.
Resumes are brief and concise since the person in charge of reading it will not spend too much
time on it.

A Curriculum Vitae: It is longer (two or more pages), more detailed synopsis. It includes a
summary of your educational and academic backgrounds as well as teaching and research
experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors, affiliations and other details.

Besides

First

In addition

Second

As well as

Third

Also

Next

And

In contrast

As a result

On the other hand

As a summary

But

Finally

However

In conclusion

Anne is an actress. Normally, she acts and sings.

Anne acts, sings and dances. In addition, she directs theater productions.

You should select Anne. She acts, sings and dances. Moreover, she looks like the main
character.

Besides being funny, he is also young and smart.

PRE-ACTIVITY

1. Complete the sentences by using connectors in parenthesis.

1. George enjoys his couch ________ spends a lot of time there. (and / but / so)
2. He likes to read on the couch ________ Jean likes to read in her rocking chair.
(and / ,and)
3. George enjoys an evening of reading __________. (and her too / and she too)
4. George needs to exercise _________ he has a bad knee. (so / but)
5. George takes several walks to the refrigerator _________ it hurt his knee.
(,but / even though)
6. Jean prefers to swim _________ It is better for her knee. (though / because)
7. George doesnt get much exercise ____________ he gaining weight.
(so / consequently)
8. Anne and Alex act and sing. ___________, they dance. (so / in addition
9. Anne and Alex are very strong dancers. __________ , they have years of experience dancing
together. (also / but)
10. She must follow the rules _________ use good dance technique. (as well as / so)

2. Analyze yourself by circling the letter of the option that describes your likes and dislikes. You
may mark all the options that are true for you.
Are you the type of person who:
a.

Can work under stress?

b.

Organizes his or her time by having a schedule and keeping an agenda?

c.

Can work under someone elses command?

d.

Needs to be able to make his or her own decisions?

e.

Needs to work outdoors?

f.

Needs to work indoors?

g.

Prefers to work during the morning?

h.

Prefers to work in the afternoon?

i.

Prefers to work in the evening?

j.

Does not care about working after midnight?

k.

Enjoys working alone?

l.

Enjoys working in groups?

m.

Has the quality of a leader?

n.

Thinks one of his or her qualities is creativeness?

o.

Does not mind having a routine?

p.

Prefers to perform one task instead of working on several at the same time?

q.

Prefers to perform many tasks instead of focusing only on one?

r.

Loves working with people?

s.

Finds human contact important when working?

t.

Prefers to work in an office?

u.

Likes teaching people how to do things?

v.

Loves speaking in public?

w.

Likes organizing parties and gatherings?

x.

Prefers to be in crowded places?

y.

Likes quite places?

z.

Likes to be in contact with nature?

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the information and then solve the practice.

GETTING READY FOR A JOB INTERVIEW

Interviews might cause lots of anxiety and stress if you do not know what to expect from
them. The best thing you can do is to get yourself prepared for what you will face. The main
goals of an interview are to examine the applicants personality, to measure his or her sense of
responsibility and professionalism, and to review if he or she is a suitable candidate for that
type of company.
Here you have the ten most common questions interviewers may ask:
1. Tell me something about yourself.

- (Remember, say something positive)

2. How do you handle stressful situations?

3. How do you deal with criticism and pressure?
4. What is your definition of success?
5. Why do you think that you would fit in with this company?
(This is where your research comes in handy)

6. Have you ever been fired, and why?

7. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
8. Do you prefer to work on your own or as a team?
9. Why are you interested in working for this company?
10. How do you handle a difference of opinion with your colleagues or superiors?
11. Why should I hire you?

Practicing for a job interview is not enough. Experts consider that the way
you present yourself at this important appointment influences the choice
employers make. When asking for a job at a company where people
normally wear formal or casual clothes, one cannot wear anything
different from that. If people wear suits, ties, high heels, skirts and these
types of work clothes, you should think about dressing yourself in a
similar way. However, if you are applying for a position in an informal
company such as a shop, you might want to consider wearing more casual
or informal clothes but without going to the extremes.

Take into account some important details:

Women

Always wear a suit with a jacket; no dresses.

Shoes with conservative heels.
Conservative hosiery (socks, pantyhose, tights) at or near skin color.
No purses, small or large; carry a briefcase instead.
If your wear nail polish (not required), use clear or a conservative color.
Minimal use of makeup (it should not be too noticeable).
No more than one ring on each hand.
One set of earrings only.

Men

A silk necktie with a conservative pattern.

Dark shoes (black lace-ups are best).
Dark shoes (black is best).
Get a haircut; short hair always fares best in interviews.
No beards (unless you are interviewing for a job as a lumberjack!)
Mustaches are a possible negative, but if you must, make sure it is neat and trimmed.
No rings other than wedding ring or college ring.
No earrings (if you normally wear one, take it out)

Answer these questions based on the information you have read.

1. Why is it important to get prepared for a job interview?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. What are the most important things a person must do when he or she decides to look for a job?
According to your opinion.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. What is the difference between a Resume and Curriculum Vitae?
______________________________________________________________________
4. In your opinion, why is appearance so important when you go to a job interview?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
5. What are the five most important things a woman should know about the appropriate clothes
she should wear for an interview?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. What are the five most important things a man should know about the appropriate clothes he
should wear for an interview?
______________________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Follow the example to complete the paragraphs below.

1.

2.

CONSOLIDATION

Write your possible resume (invent the information)

Resume

LESSON No 3

WARM UP
Which job would be the best and the worst for you? Number the following occupation from 1 to
5 according to your preference, and give reasons.

PRESENTATION

What is an article?
Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.

English has two articles: the and a/an. (the) is used to refer to specific or particular nouns.
(a/an) is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nouns.

We call them:
the = definite article
a/an = indefinite article

For example, if I say:

"Let's read the book,"

I mean a specific book.

"Let's read a book,"

I mean any book rather than a specific book.

If I say:

Look: a/an
a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy; a car; a bike; a zoo; a dog
an + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant; an egg; an apple; an orphan
A chef is a person who prepares food
An actor is a person who acts in movies.

PRE-ACTIVITY
Read the information and fill in the charts. Underline definitive and indefinitive articles you find
the test above

Have you ever heard about Intel?

Located in the heart of the Amricas, Costa Rica is home to Intels only
production site in Latin America. Our employees are focused on the
assembly and testing of microprocessors and chipsets, product
development, and customer support. Intel Costa Rica houses a stateof-the-art international distribution center and a strong back-office organizational function
supporting several business groups including Finance, Materials, Planning, Information
Technology, and Employee Services. The Finance Shared Services Center is responsible for Intel
financial transactions worldwide, and the Intel IT Global Service Desk provides internal
customers with exceptional technical support.
There are cafeterias, sports courts and walking trails for Intel Costa Rica employees to enjoy. It's
also home to Intel's Solidarity Association of Employees (ASINTEL) that since 1998 has offered
quality services and products, from life insurance to emergency assistance loans that contribute
to the development of employees and their families
Logo and information were taken from Intel website. And they belong to Intel. The information
was only used for educational purposes.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the previous information about INTEL again and answer the questions.
1. Where is Intels production site
located?__________________________________.
2. What are three activities employees at Intel are focused to do?
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. Which Business groups does Intel support?
________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_______________________________________________
4. What is the finance Shared Services Center responsible for?
______________________________________________________________________

5. What is the IT global desk in charge of providing?

______________________________________________________________________

6. What advantages do employees have at Intels working site?

______________________________________________________________________
7. What is ASINTEL?
______________________________________________________________________
8. What does ASINTEL offer to employees?
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
2. Read about call Centers and complete the chart.

Call Centers

State Institute Responds to Business Demand for More English

Call Centers
A call center is a centralized office used for the purpose of
receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by
telephone. A call centers is operated by a company to
administer incoming product support or information inquiries
from consumers.

Outgoing calls for telemarketing, clientele, product services, and debt collection.
In the coming years, call centers and related businesses are expected to generate 6,000 new
jobs; and the National Training Institute (INA) is taking steps to ensure at least some will fall into
the hands of those who need them most since a big number of people need a job but they do
not speak English very fluently.

Adapted from Wikipedia and Tico Times.

Definition

CALL CENTER

Services

According to the Reading, what is the main problem Call Centers are having in Costa Rica?

POST-ACTIVITY
Read the following jobs ads and match the titles in the box. Use the blanks given.

Flight Attendant / Stock Broker / Journalist / Truck Driver

1._____________. Are you hardworking? Do you enjoy using computers? Do you like earning
about world news? This job is for you. Must be good at working und pressure. Some evening and
weekend work.
2._____________. No previous experience necessary, but applicant must have a special license.
Successful application will also be punctual and reliable. Excellent position for someone who
enjoys traveling.

3._____________.Must be well organized, energetic, able to make decisions quickly, and good
with numbers. Applicants must be level-headed and able to take responsibility for handling other
people's money. No weekend work, but some evening work require.
4.______________. Are you good at communicating with people and solving
problems? Can you speak at least two foreign languages? Do you like traveling
abroad? This job is for you.

CONSOLIDATION

Work in pairs and interchange opinions.

Would you like to be a flight attendant? What would be

the advantages or disadvantages of this job?

_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

LESSON No 4

WARM UP

Do you know which Universities are there in Costa Rica? Write down.

PRESENTATION

Some vocabulary

Realistic careers: Mechanic, fire fighter, police officer, forester, chef, carpenter, athletic trainer.
Investigative careers: Biologist, computer programmer, doctor, engineer, pharmacist,
mathematician.
Artistic careers: musician, novelist, photographer, lawyer, interior designer, television announcer,
actor, reporter.
Social careers: social worker, counselor, teacher, nurse, school administrator.
Enterprising careers: Business owner, manager, sales person, travel agent, public relations.
Conventional careers: accountant, secretary, banker, book keeper, dental assistant.

Just look for their meanings

faculty / degree / tenure / undergraduate / master degree / college / bachelor / ad

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

_______________

PRE-ACTIVITY

Read the general information below and fill up the charts.

Universities in Costa Rica

There are a lot of universities in Costa Rica. Five of them are Public. The rest
are private. Private universities are more expensive. In Public universities,
students go to classes in the mornings, afternoons or evenings. They take
more than two classes in the same day. Students are enrolling in a course
every six or three months, it depends of each university. Also, students need
to attend to four special courses called humanities (literature, philosophy,
history and research). In Private universities, students usually go to class only in
the evenings, from 5 or 6 pm to 9 or 10 pm. Sometimes they have to take two
different classes in the same evening. English courses are usually a
prerequisite not only in public but also in private universities. Some people like
private universities because they can work and study at the same time. Also,
most private universities do not apply an admission test student have to take in
order to get the points requested to enter a career. The highest score the
highest possibilities to study the career you wan

Universities in Costa Rica

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the information and answer.

Universities offer students online access to their accounts in order to view their courses
details such as class locations, room numbers, dates and times, credits enrolled, students
transcripts and the amount to be paid. Once you have had your in-person registration, they
assign you a pass code to sing up and keep doing your registration process during your entire
career. Some universities offer online courses or tutoring. They also have an educational
advisor who is always willing to help students decide what course or career to take. If students
need to drop a course, they can do it but it has to be one day before the course start day. If
they need to withdraw from a course after the first class has met, they have to consult the
university refund policy.

1. Mention two ways students can register at some universities:

_______________________________________
_______________________________________
2. Mention 4 things students can access if they register online:
______________
______________

_________________

________________

3. What do students need to do if they want to drop a course?

__________________________________________________________________
4. What do students need to do if they need to withdraw from a course after the
first class has met?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What do they usually have to pay?
__________________________________________________________________

2. Read the advertisements and solve the matching.

1. People interested in the fair have to ____.

A. visit the stands exclusively
B. only fill out an application and bring a resume
C. do an interview and fill out and application exclusively
D. bring a resume, visit the stands, do an interview and fill out an application
2. A company that you would find at the fair is a ____.
A. law firm
B. model agency
C. construction company
D. software development company
3. Being good at ____ are two characteristics that people seeking work might need.
A. numbers and having initiative
B. costumer service and fast workers
C. people and work under pressure
D. doing many things at the same time and being unimaginative
4. Two characteristic of the fair are that it takes place ____.
A. twice a year and is bilingual
B. once a year and lasts three days
C. every two years and lasts two days
D. once a year and does not give appointments for job interviews
5. The companies offer ____.
A. training and short-term careers
B. work instability and good salary
C. competitive salary and permanent training
D. long-term career opportunities and customer service

6. ____ are some of the professionals that will be needed.

A. Programmers and mathematicians
B. Business administrators and trainers
C. Mathematicians and French teacher
D. Interpreters and customer service representatives
4. Read the conversation and choose the correct option.
Its March 20, 2004. Miss Durn is applying for a job.

Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:
Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:
Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:
Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:
Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:
Mr.
Taylor:
Margaret:

Now tell me Miss Durn, what experience do you have in the

fashion industry?
Well, I went to the School of Design, and at present Im the
manager of Lords Clothing Store.
Have you ever worked as a fashion designer?
No, I havent.
And how long have you been at your present job?
I have been working there since March 12, 2003.
Why do you want to quit?
Because Im not learning anything new.
When can you begin?
Immediately.
Very well, Miss Durn. You can start a part time job right now,
and after 3 months you should get a full-time job.
Thank you very much.

1. What kind of interview did she have? A

___________ interview.
A)
B)
C)
D)

learning
school
news
job

2. Which position does she currently

have? Shes a _______________.
A)
B)
C)
D)

store designer
store manager
school manager
clothes designer

3. How long has she been at her present

job? For ____________.
A)
B)
C)
D)

ten years
about one year
about two years
more than three years

4. Why does she want a new job?

Because ____________.
A)
B)
C)
D)

she wants to learn more

she needs more money
she hates working
her salary is low

POST-ACTIVITY
Complete the information with the words in the chart

In order to apply for admission, international students have to ______an application. They have
to _______ the official transcripts from all colleges and universities attended. The transcripts
have to be _______by World Education Services. Applicants to the Master of Science in
accounting program must have a course by course __________. That evaluation is going to be
conducted by Educational credential Evaluators, Inc. Also, they have to send two
recommendation letters from previous____________.
They have to send the official scores of the TOEFL and __________ the TWE.
If a F-1 visa is needed, an original notarized statement from the financial supported has to
______ added. F-1 Visa holders must ______for a full course load (9 credits) each fall and
spring, throughout the completion of their studies.

Share opinions with your partners

CONSOLIDATION

WOULD YOU LIKE TO LEARN ANOTHER LAGUAGE?

What language would you like to study?

_________________________________

Why? ________________________________________________________________

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

LESSON No 1

WARM UP

PRESENTATION
Science refers to a system of acquiring knowledge. This system uses observation
and experimentation to describe and explain natural phenomena. The word
science often describes any systematic field of study or the knowledge gained from
it.
What is the purpose of science? to produce useful models of reality.
Fields of science are commonly classified along two major lines: Natural science &
Social science.

Technology is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of
organization in order to solve a problem or create an artistic perspective.
Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and
adapt to their natural environments
NEW TERMS
Telecommunication: exchange of information over significant distances by electronic means.
Interactive network: two or more computers connected to each other.
WWW: World Wide Web, where multimedia files are created, displayed and linked together

PRE-ACTIVITY
Match the terms with the information that corresponds.

network / fax / telecommunication / WWW / radio / interactive

1. __________________ refers to the electronic collection and transfer of information from one
location to another.
2. All modern communication systems are __________________, that is communication is twoway.
3. The __________________ is a worldwide system of computer networks.
4. Two or more computers make up a __________________.
5. The __________________ reaches a wider audience than the television.
6. A __________________ can send and receive reproductions of documents.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and answer.

Modern science and technology have changed our lives in many dramatic ways. Aeroplanes,
cars, communications satellites, computers, plastics, and television are only a few of the
scientific and technological inventions that have transformed human live. Research by nuclear
physicists has led to the development of nuclear energy as a resource of power. Agricultural
output has soared as scientists have developed better varieties of plants and highly effective
fertilizers. The development of antibiotics and other new drugs has helped control many
infectious diseases.
Studies in anatomy and physiology have led to amazing new surgical techniques and to the
invention of lifesaving machines that can do the work of such organs as the lungs, kidneys, and
heart.
Although scientists and technological achievements have benefited us in numerous ways,
they have also created serious problems. The rapid growth of industrial technology, for
instance, has resulted in such grave side effects as environmental pollution and fuel shortages.
Breakthroughs in nuclear research have led to the development of weapons of mass
destruction. Some people fear that advanced biological research will produce new diseasecausing bacteria or viruses that resist drugs. People are also concerned that computerized
information systems may destroy personal privacy. The harmful effects of some technological
applications of science have led some people to question the value of scientific research. But
science itself is neither good nor bad. The uses thatbusinesses, governments, and individuals
choose to make of scientific knowledge determine whether that knowledge will help or harm
society.

1. Give some examples of technology invention which have changed human life.
_____________________________________
____________________________________

2. Complete the charts based on the precious reading.

Positive Technological Achievements

Field

Technological invention

Nuclear physicists
Agricultural output
Medicine
Anatomy and
physiology

NegativeTechnological Achievements

Cause

Effect

Growth of industrial technology

Nuclear research

3. What are two main reasons by which people are concerned about technological advances.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
4. According to the reading, who determines if science is good or bad? And how?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. Read and choose the correct option.

1. What do children use computers for? For _________________________.

A)

making more money

B)

keeping records of their video games

C)

playing games and doing school work

D)

keeping records of their family budget

2. How do computers facilitate communication? By ___________________.

A)

directing nuclear weapons to other countries

B)

playing Pac-Man and River Raiders alone

C)

putting them in our pockets

D)

translating languages

3. How do office computers help business people? By ____________________.

A)

keeping updated sales inventories

B)

ordering from small restaurants

C)

promoting the delivery of shoes

D)

buying in small stores

4. Why are computers getting more and more popular? Because they ___________.
A)

serve humans in many fields

B)

are getting larger everyday

C)

represent money to spend

D)

can be analog

5. How many kinds of computers are there? There are ___________________.

67)

A)

three: office, home, and letter-typing ones

B)

only two, analog and digital

C)

only large and small ones

D)

many sizes and kinds

How are computers used in war and defense? To ______________________.

A)
guide nuclear weapons
B)

reserve tickets in airlines

C)

control the household budget

D)

know the amount of shoes in the stores

2. Read the article and choose the correct option.

Traveling on the information Superhighway

In the early 1990s, few people outside government and universities had ever heard the
term Internet. Today, the Internet connects millions of computers around the globe,
making an immediate worldwide exchange of information possible.

The Internet is often called the information superhighway. Thats because vast
amounts of information travel over it. If you search for the word grasshopper, for
instance, you will have thousands of sites to look at. Some sites will give information on
these insects.

In addition to information, the Internet also offers one of the greatest inventions in
communication: electronic mail, or e-mail for short. E-mail was the idea of an astute man
named Ray Tomlison. He developed the program and sent himself the first e-mail in
1971.
Taken from Bachillerato exam 2010

1. Why has the Internet change communication? Because ____.

a.
b.
c.
d.

it is completely private
it is complicated and expensive
people find information about a few topics
people can communicate at a faster pace

2. Why is the Internet called the information superhighway? Because ____.

a.
b.
c.
d.

everybody heard about it since 1990

people get information only about insects
there is a lot of information about every topic
students search for the world technology

3. Which program is an important component to the Internet? The ____.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

e-mail
keyboard
grasshopper
worldwide search

3. Write about bad effects of science and technology in peoples lives. Use at least two linking
words.

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Television has been a great invention since many years ago. Whats
your opinion?
Get in pairs and exchange opinions.

CONSOLIDATION
Students and teacher make a semi-circle in order to interchange opinions.

LESSON No 2

WARM UP
Identify the pictures.

cellphone / satellite / computer / robot / personal

digital assistant (PDA)

More Vocabulary

PRESENTATION

PRE-ACTIVITY
Look at the pictures in the warm up again and complete the lines according to devices functions
which are in the chart.

write reports / talk to friends / store addresses and phone numbers /

transmit radio and TV programs / do boring jobs

1. PDA is used for

storing._________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read and complete the charts.

In the past, people had to do their job without the

help of machines. The technology revolution has
helped lots of people around the world. The computers and internet have improved peoples
lives in the sense that we can send a letter to another country in terms of seconds or read the
digital newspaper in the web. Besides, cable TV has been replaced by online pay -per- view. It
is a way to access television programs if you buy it on the internet. Nowadays it is possible to
access internet from your cell phone. In conclusion, the internet has come to substitute some
services and improve others.

2. Read the text, find antonyms for some words and answer the questions.

Electronics and computerization signify mass storage and dissemination of information.

Computers electronically record, store and send the correspondence of large companies, all
the contest of radio and TV programs, everything in newspaper, studies and crop harvest, the
movement of armies, navies and planes and even the undiscovered presence of mineral
deposits in the earth. Two thousand five hundred communication satellites circle the world
and find or send some of the above information. Because communications equipment is so
sophisticated and expensive, the news of the world is almost entirely distributed by four
agencies; The Associated Press, United Press International, Ruters and Agence France Press.
Most of the electronic and computerization equipment is owned by governments or
companies of advance nations. IBM controls seventy percent of computer installations around
the world. The companies and government that possess these means of communication own
immense wealth and power. What does this situation mean for third world?

Find in the text the antonym for the following words.

lose

=____________

tiny = ____________
poverty =____________

cheap

below =
small

_____________
_____________

_____________

Answer.
1. How is information stored?

__________________________________________________________
2. What do electronics and computerization mean?
__________________________________________________________
3. Who distributed the new?
__________________________________________________________
4. How do satellites find and send information?
__________________________________________________________
5. Who owns most of the equipment?
__________________________________________________________
6. A wealthy and powerful company is ________________________________
3. Analyse the information and write a comment.

Kids in the US don't exercise enough," says Stan Reents, PharmD, a certified personal
trainer, fitness counselor, and tennis coach. In 1969, 80 percent of kids played sports every
day; today, only 20 percent do.
Can technology be used to reverse this trend? Apparently, a lot of companies think so, as the
concept of "exergames" is starting to take off. Health clubs and schools are now turning to
these innovative technology-driven activities to get kids moving.
"'Exergames' are video games that promote exercise. Interactive fitness games' are
technology-driven games that also promote exercise, but don't require a screen," according to
Lisa Hansen, PhD candidate at the University of South Florida in Tampa, and co-director of
their fitness lab.

COMMENT
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Think about the inventions below and describe them by using the words in the
chart. Its according to your opinion. You can use comparatives and superlatives
forms.

amazing / dangerous / expensive / important / interesting /

strange / tiny / huge / ordinary / ridiculous / significant

1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________________

CONSOLIDATION

Designer Marco Vanella has come up with an

innovative handset named the Motoworkr,
which apart from performing basic
communication needs also incorporates
different tools required for regular health
checkup to provide first aid during
emergencies. Intended towards doctors or
medical professionals, the new cellphone
integrates a Bluetooth thermometer and
tensiometro port for reading digital and
medical card to update or transfer health
records of the patients.

Your opinion:

LESSON No 3
WARM UP
Check the technological advances to your right and match them with their inventors. Write the
number that corresponds in the circle.

Dr. Franklin Chan Diaz

Albert Einstein

Clarence Birdeye
1. Computer
2.Facebook
3.Plasma Rocket
4Cellphone
5Refrigerator

Dr. Martin Cooper

6Frozenfood

Mark Elliot Zuckerberg

7Lap Top

8Relativitythery

Charles Babbage

Adam Osborne

John Gorrie

PRESENTATION

PRE-ACTIVITY

WHAT DO YOU CONSIDER THE MOST PRACTICAL HOSEHOLD APPLIANCE OR DIVICES? WHY?

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and give the required information.

What is plasma? The word is very common in physics, as well as biology

So, whats the difference? Read on to find out.
What is Plasma in Physics?To put the definition very simply, plasma is a
fourth state of matter that comes after solid, liquid and gases. The state of
plasma is achieved when gas or gases are heated to the extent that the atoms
of the gas lose all electors. The resultant quasi-gas is a collection of nuclei and
electrons that are free. The nuclei which has lost all the electrons are deemed
to be ions, that is, they are electrically charged, to a substantial extent. The
entire collection is thus, electrically charged and conductive. The basic process
that takes place in formation of plasma is quite simple. When heated, energy
gets pumped into the gas. This causes that gas to disassociate itself from its
molecules and take the form of atoms, which further loose their negatively
charged electrons. The atoms themselves retain positive charge and are thus,
deemed to be positive ions. Plasma, thus, cannot occur naturally, i.e, in free
environment on earth.
What is Plasma in Biology?The term plasma in biology is more properly
indicated as blood plasma, as in animals such as mammals, it consists of about
55% of the total blood that is present in the body. Blood plasma has a whitishyellow appearance and is the medium which hosts all our blood cells and is
separated by the plasma membrane from the organs of the cell. It is an extra
cellular fluid and unlike cells, it is not a biologically alive unit, to simply put forth,
it is chemical.
What is plasma made of, is an evident question. Well 90% is basically, water.
The remaining portion is proteins, glucose, clotting factors, mineral ions,
hormones and carbon dioxide. Some other substances are also included in
plasma. The concept plasma transfusion came in really handy in the World
wars. The plasma can be administrated to severely wounded, to revive their
energy levels, boost healing, curb blood loss and finally, enhance blood clotting.

1. Plasma physics definition: ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

2. How is the state of plasma achieved? _____________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

3. Is there plasma in free environment? _____________________________________

4. Plasma biology definition: ______________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

5. Is blood plasma biologically alive? ________________________________________

6. Blood plasma components: _____________________________________________

2. Read the information underline some linking words and choose the correct option.

San Jos could be the 1st Digital City in Central America

From small coffee shops to upscale restaurants, San Joses stores owner know just how
important it is to provide their increasing number of mobile customer with the digital services
that they love so much. Indeed, many local San Jos businesses already proudly display the
ubiquitous WI-FI Hotspot stickers on
their front door. According to many
1. Microssofs presentation included ___.
area companies, non-profit
a. itslatest iPhone 3G
organizations, and public institutions,
b. a goodwireless plan
Costa Ricas capital city is well on its
c. aninnovative celular plan
way to becoming Central America
d. a Platform of Services to Citizens
digital city.
The IX Latin America Meeting of Digital
Cities began in San Jos last month.
Activities included a Microsoft
presentation on a Platform of Services
to Citizens, which will use technology to
allow citizens and residents to sign up
for information and city services easily.

2. The ICE will soon start to ___ in order to be

competitive in the open market.
a. subsidize the cost of the latest and hottest
phones
b. offer cellular services in the country
c. display its latest phones and iPods
d. use WI-FI networks

Recently, the Costa Rica Electricity

3. The ICE has requested permission from Apple to
Institute (ICE, the only company
___.
currently offering cellular service in
Costa Rica) announced that the famous
a. Distribute its latest iPhone 3G legally
b. Offer cellular services in Costa Rica
Blackberry hone is officially available.
c. Install a WI-FI network in San Jos
In addition, the ICE says that they hope
d. Organize the next meeting
to distribute the iPhone 3G, the latest
version of Apples famous phone.
Although illegally-hacked iPhones have been in the country for several months now, the ICE
has requested official permission to distribute the cell phone legally and will await Apples
response.
In further digital news, the ICE is continuing to plan for the future with more innovative ideas,
beginning with cellular plans that will, finally include a cell phone. In order to be competitive
in an open market, the ICE will begin subsidizing the cost of the latest, hottest phones similar
to most USA-based cell phone companies.
Taken from a Bachillerato exam

3. Read and solve the exercise.

Scienti fic eyes on Nicoya

The Nicoya Peninsula in the Costa Rican
1. What can subduction provoke?
Pacific is the world's area that enjoys the
best studies in subduction, a geologic
A. Earthquakes.
B. One crustal plate.
process in which one edge of one crustal
C. Volcanic activities.
plate is forced below the edge of another,
D. A geologic process.
a phenomenon that results in
earthquakes. Particularly starting in 1997,
Costa Rica has shared with the rest of the
2. Some researchers are in the Nicoya Peninsula.
world the largest body of knowledge en
Where are they from? Theyre from ____.
subduction, thanks to the research done
A. Japan.
by scientists from throughout the planet.
B. Costa Rica.
According to expert Marino Protti.the
C. The Marianas.
region has ideal seismic and volcanic
D. Different countries.
characteristics for the studies. He further
explained that the seismic features are
3. How does the Costa Rican expert describe the
shared with those of Nankai. Japan, and
Nicoya Pennsula? As a _____.
the volcanic ones with the area spanning
southern. Japan and the Marianas, as well
A. perfect place to research.
as southern Nicaragua. The Tico scientist
B. large peninsula.
explained that because the seismic and
C. volcanic area.
volcanic activities result in disasters,
D. disasters site.
improving the research in areas such as
Nicoya results in benefits for mankind at large, through prevention prompted by better
forecasting of events. According to experts, the Nicoya Peninsula is a likely site for a large
earthquake in the near future.
La Nacin Digital

4. Read the test and choose the correct option.

CHINA TO INVEST IN NEW TECHNOLOGY

The global economy may be slowly stopping but investment from China continues to pour into Costa Rica.
Days after ex-president Arias laid the first stone of the new, $83 million Chinese financed National Stadium last
week, and the far eastern power announced currently that they would finance a new science and technology
park in Costa Rica.
According to the Minister George Woodrige the aim of the project is to develop Costa Ricas potential in several
fields of technology, industry and science. Some reports have estimated that the project will cost $65 million, but
the minister said: We still dont have the exact cost because the project will be divided into five phases. The
first phase will cost $20 million, and it includes biotechnology, nanotechnology, information technology and
mechatronics.
The project will also be a collaborative effort with the countrys five public universities: the Costa Rica Institute of
Technology, National University, University of Costa Rica, UNED and the current Technical University.
Two locations, one in Cirridabat and the other in Heredia, are under consideration as potential sites for the park.
Mr. Woodbrige said a timeframe for development would be given once a location is selected.

By Patrick Fizgerald, adapted from Tico Times

1. To build the new technology park will need funds _______.

a) of about 20 million dollars
b) from the Chinese government
c) as part of the University of Costa Ricas economy
d) deduced from the budget of the National Stadium.

2. The main goal of the project has to do with _________.

a) developing potentials sites
b) finding an appropriate location
c) collaborating with public universities
d) developing technology posibiloties

3. Among others, the project will be focused on __________:

a) road construction
b) biological research
c) universities studies
d) science technology

POST-ACTIVITY

Complete the circles with the main information of each text in while-activity.

Make a review about important

information

CONSOLIDATION

GIVE YOU OPINION ABOU THE RELATION BETWEEN COSTA RICA AND CHINA

MORALS AND VALUES

LESSON No 1

WARM UP
Match the pictures with their corresponding value (love peace courtesy)

Teachers questions:

Do you know what do moral and values mean?

Which are the most important for you?

PRESENTATION
Take a look at the different values.

PRE-ACTIVITY

Read and complete the blanks.

A personal and cultural value is a relative ethic value, an assumption upon which
implementation can be extrapolated. A value system is a set of consistent values and
measures. A principle value is a foundation upon which other values and measures of
integrity are based. Values are considered subjective, vary across people and cultures
and are in many ways aligned with belief and belief systems. Types of values include
ethical/moral values, doctrinal/ideological (religious, political) values, social values,
and aesthetic values. It is debated whether some values are intrinsic.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read and complete the information.

What are Moral Values?

Your moral values are your beliefs about what is important in life. Some values refer to
how one should act (be honest, altruistic, self-disciplined) while other values r e f e r
t o wants to accomplish or obtain in life (a lot of money, fame, a family) peace).
Because a person cannot "have it all" or "be all things, priorities must be set and choices
made. Setting your priorities often leads to value conflicts. You may want to be
successful in your career, but you may also want a more relaxing lifestyle and more time
to spend with friends and family. Here, the value of success may come into conflict with
the value of family. This is just one example. Some examples of moral values are the
following: integrity, respect; caring, justice, civic virtue, and openness. There are many
moral values; thus; these represent only avery few. Your values exist as a complex set of
interlinking personal policies or priorities that serveas a guide for decision-marketing.
Values may be based on knowledge, artistic considerations, practicality, moral
foundations, or on a combination of these. Value conflicts are often difficult to solve
because they involve what you want to and what you want to do. Therefore, it is
imperative to evaluate carefully the implications of our decisions and actions before
accomplishing them.
Adapted from: stewards.corn<http://www.stedwards.edulursery/values.htm>

1. According to the text, moral values can be defined as _______________________

__________________________________________________________________
2. Honesty and self-discipline are values related to ____________________________
3. Values that refer to what a person wants to obtain in life are ___________________
__________________________________________________________________
4. To prevent value conflicts, a person should ________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Read the information and analyse it. Work in groups.

Rememberto use your

dictionary

What do they mean?

Conscience: individuals' inclination to do what is morally right and avoid what i s morally
wrong.
Ethics: 1. (with a singular verb) study of a group's or a person's values and customs.
2. (with a plural verb) beliefs about what is right or wrong, good or evil, standards
governing a person's or a group's behaviour.
Moral code: based on a well-defined value system, that defines what is right
or wrong. Moral codes dictate proper personal conduct; they may be used to formulate
legal codes.
Morality: principles related to what is right or wrong, good or evil. It is used in three areas:
a. individual conscience b. systems of principles c. judgments.
Value system: form in which individuals organize their values. If
this system is defined in a very good way, it may become a moral
code. There are personal value systems (held and applied by one
person) and communal value systems (held and applied by a
group of individuals)
Cultural values: values shared by the members of different groups, societies or cultures.
Within a culture, a member does not necessarily have to agree or accept some of the values
shared by the culture but the person is still part of that culture.
Personal values: values determined by context (place, people, time, etc.) in which an
individual lives; they are not universal, Thus, personal values are related to the value
systems of the group (cultural, religious, and political, among others) a person is involve
with.

VOCABULARY:
Wage:

remuneration for labor and/or services

Overview:

summary

To claim:

to state to be true, to assert

Gap:

empty space

To outnumber:

to be in greater number

To attain:

to achieve something especially by effort

Pace:

rate of progress or movement

Work in pairs to discuss the following questions. After reading some information about moral
and values, try to answer these questions based on your opinion.
1. Do you think that all humans are treated equally all around the world?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. In your opinion, which ethnic groups have suffered more throughout the history of humanity?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Has peoples attitude towards marriage changed with time?
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. What is the most significant thing about marriage nowadays?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

5. How have the concept of marriage and the attitude of sharing problems and opinions changed
in the different generations?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
6. Do you believe in marriage? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
From the values in the presentation part, which ones are the most important for you and why?

1. ______________________________________________________________
2. ______________________________________________________________
3. ______________________________________________________________

CONSOLIDATION
Identify the values express in the pictures.

LESSON No 2
WARM UP

Before starting the lesson just take a little time to look at these pictures. Then share your
opinion with the partner on your side.

Kids on streets tying to find

People sharing a lot of food

something to eat

What do you think?

______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________

PRESENTATION
More new word:

easy-going =t ratable
affable

= afable

averse

= no serreacio

heritage

= patrimonio

snobbery

= presuntuosidad

PRE-ACTIVITYupward

= hacia arriba

Read this letter answer T for (true) and F for (false) information
Dear Tico Times:
We spent two weeks in Costa Rica. We rented a car and drove all over.
We did this last year and had a great Once again we had a wonderful time.
This time we decided to go to Panama for a week, to Bocas del Toro. We learned an
interesting lesson. People in Costa Rica are very civil and let you do your own thing.
When we crossed, he border into Panama, there was somebody bothering us from the
minute we crossed the border. They would not leave us alone.
We also came back in time for the presidential election. The excitement that was building
for the election was really neat. I wish Americans had half the excitement that the Costa
Rican people had about the election. It did my soul good to see it.
It made me really appreciate the Costa Rican people. i could not wait; to cross back into
Costa Rica
We want to come back to Costa Rica someday, but we realize that as nice as al], your
people are, it is bound to become a number-one tourist destination very soon
Thanks for sharing your wonderful country with us!
Roxann Rooney
Robert Miller
Wellington, Kansas
The Tico Times March 3, 2002

1. Roxana lives in Costa Rica.

______

2. People in Costa Rica is friendly.

______

3. Roxana and Robert felt good in Panama.

______

4. People from USA demonstrate the same

______

excitement with the political election as Costa Ricans.

5. Will they like to come back to C. R.?

______

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read and answer the questions below.

Costa Rican people tend to share broadly liberal values and attitudes. They are known
for their friendliness, helpfulness, and hospitality, and have a healthy curiosity, which allows
them to accept the possibility of valid alternatives. They judge for themselves whether
different is positive or negative. Ticos tend to look for comprise and peaceful resolutions,
thought when their rights are challenged they have no qualms about protesting.
For the visitor, lack of punctuality is another less endearing; trait found in Costa Rica s it is in so
many Latin countries.
Socializing is an important part of life in Costa Rica. Ticos are used to living, working and
playing together, and have developed habits of tolerance and cooperation.
Taken from Culture Smart! Costa Rica

2. Which are some Costa Rican cultural values describe above?

2. Which values mentioned above, are part of your personal values?

2. Read and choose the correct option.

AND OUR VALUES?

At home, parents need to
work harder to keep up
with it all. Single-parent
families and two-parent
families work extra hours
and double jobs, leaving
children and adolescents
without the supervision
and guidance needed to
teach them to make sound
judgments.
What
has
happened to our values?
Have we lost our humanity
in the process? We put
things and thrills ahead of people, ahead of human life. Maintaining our standard
of living may be responsible for thousands of other people dying of hunger,
thirst, war or disease. Our way of life may be damaging our own families and our
own futures. Our indifference to the damage to the planet may mean its
destruction and certainly will lead to future conflicts. We must examine what our
lives mean and what we really need, and put humanity first. We must think of
values that support human life to avoid its destruction. We must think of peaceful
solutions within the family and all nations.

1. Parents work extra hours to maintain their ________________________.

A)

indifference to the planet

B)

standard of living

C)

loss of humanity

D)

thrills

2. Childrens lack of values is the result of their parents __________________.

A)

concern for their kids well-being

B)

care and support

C)

lack of guidance

D)

peaceful advice

3. Undoubtedly, __________________ will cause conflicts in the future.

A)

family solutions

B)

peaceful solutions

C)

our lack of interest

D)

the planet protection

4. According to the text, people must change their ____________ in relation

to life.
A)

parents

B)

families

C)

children

D)

attitudes

5. If people maintain the lifestyle described in the text, there will be ____________.
A)

peaceful solutions toward problems

B)

hunger, disease and death

C)

more union within families

D)

healthier values

6. To ___________________________ people need to appreciate humanity

before other aspects.
A)

damage the planet

B)

recover the values system

C)

promote hunger and disease

D)

avoid supervision of adolescents

2. Read the text and choose the correct option

SOLIDARITY A COSTA RICAN VALUE

The tragic earthquake affecting Pos de Alajuela and other areas on January 8th. 2009 touched the solidarity
vein of the majority of Costa Ricans.
According to the last UNIMER poll for La Nacin newspaper, 72% of the people interviewed sent money or
groceries to the people suffering from the earthquake. Some of them even went to the ground zero as
volunteers.
UNIMER interviewed 1225 Costa Rican over the age of 18 across the country from January 20 to January 27.
The poll also stated the percentage of women who contributed (74%) was superior to the mens (70.5%).
In the age category, people over 40 years helped the most as well as Costa Ricans living in the urban areas of
the country.
Besides, UNIMER asked the interviewees for their opinion concerning the performance of the Government,
the Red Cross, and the National Commission of Emergencies (CNE). The Red Cros got the best reviews with
98% of those interviewed satisfied or very satisfied with their work, 94% rated as favorable the work of the
CNE, while the Government rated 83%.

1. We can infer from the reading that most Costa Ricans ______ about people who face disasters.
Taken from La Nacin 2/19/09
a) feel worried
b) do not worry
c) are negligent
d) are senseless

2. Many women ______________ than men.

a) sent less food and clothing
b) helped more and in different ways
c) donated a smaller quantity of money
d) volunteered at ground zero during the emergency

3. Older Costa Ricans were _______________.

a) less involved
b) more careless
c) more concerned
d) les compassionate
5. UNIMER poll divulged that men ______________:

a) worked more than women

b) and women helped equally
c) supported more than women
d) expressed les solidarity than women.

3. Solve the matching based on values.

She cried when her best friend died of cncer.

loyalty

Ana helped her sister in law while she was pregnant.

justice

I knew he was going to get his diploma.

wisdom

He was declared innocent.

colaboration

They like to work together. They have brought the company

faith

patriotism

puctuality

responsibility

He only loves his wife. He will never cheat on her.

love

After September 11th, Marcos enrolled into the Army.

Team work

to this outstanding point of sales.

He decided not to drink alcohol while he was using the
electrical machine. It was a wise decision.
Since he got the job, he has been working all days, he never
gets late.

They had the duty to carry all the tests to the office, check
them and bring them back. They are very reliable people.

POST-ACTIVITY
Read the information in the charts and choose the value that they represent.

freedom / kindness / commitment / discipline / love / helpfulness

VALUE

She helped the woman who was crying on the street.

She gave her some food to eat and clean clothes for
her to wear.
Ingrid Betancourt was liberated from the FARC. She
is now happy living with her children.
Claudia Poll and Lobito Fonseca got their medals
based on effort. They had to train every day no
matter the circumstances.
He thought it twice before getting married. He was
afraid of getting compromised and he devoted to a
woman and family forever.

Just to remember

CONSOLIDATION

1. Read and solve the exercise.

By nature, Costa Ricans are easy-going, freedom-loving, friendly, and affable.

Usually, they are racially tolerant and averse to social snobbery. They value
marriage, and the average family has several children.
Costa Rican society is firmly rooted in the nations Hispanic heritage, which stresses the
individual but was traditionally male-dominant. Family lineage is no the lone indicator of
good social standing, for Costa Rican believe in upward mobility through education and
conscientiousness at work. These words appear in Costa Ricas national anthem. Long live
work and peace

What Costa Rican values are stated in the paragraph? Tick them.

Equality

Tolerance

Solidarity

Punctuality

Kindness

Friendship

Stability

Family ties

Love for democracy

Courtesy

2. Match the value in column A with its meaning in column B

Friendly

( )

1.tells the truth

Confident

( )

2.can play music

Capable

( )

3.always greets people

Motivated

( )

4.keeps somebodys secret

Talented

( )

5.likes to help the weaker

Courteous

( )

6.will win the course

Generous

( )

7.is a good singer

Trusting

( )

8. can make friends easily

Pious

( )

9.respects every body

Respectful

( )

10.prays every day for needed people

PREFIXES SUFFIXES

AND ROOT WORDS

LESSON No 1

WARM UP
Students are asked to order some scramble word on the board, some have prefixes and some
have suffixes.

PRESENTAITION

Prefix: a syllable put before another word to alter its meaning in some way: example: like- dislike

Suffix: a small part of a word placed after a root. Example: quick- quickly.

Root: a word or part of a word from which other words have been built up.

Prefixes are small letter groups added before base or root words. A prefix changes the meaning of
the base or root word.
Example: Tina had to repaint the fence every summer.
The prefix re means again. By adding re to the word paint the word is changed to mean to
paint again. The prefix de means from.

Below is a list of the meanings of some prefixes and suffixes.

Prefixes
re-

back or again

dis-

away, apart, the opposite of

un-

opposite, not or lack of

pre-

before

Suffixes
ment-

the act, result or product of

ness-

condition, quality, or state of being

ish-

like or about

ly-

like or as

less-

without or not

PRE- ACTIVITY

WHILE ACTIVITY
1. Fill in the blank of each sentence with the prefix de or re.
1.

The teacher asked him to ______word the sentences in his story.

2.

He will _____________ design the wing on his model airplane.

3.

After she had corrected her mistakes, Amanda decided to ____copy her paper.

4.

Did you remember to _____the meat you removed from the freezer?

5.

The people in the country tried to _______throne the king.

6.

Jims teacher gave him a ____ merit because he was chewing gum in school.

7.

Sally always ____views her spelling list the night before.

2. Each of the words in the first column has a prefix and a base word. Print the prefix for each
word in the second column. Print the base word in the third column.

Prefix

Base World

1.

Recopy

_________

__________

2.

Defrost

_________

__________

3.

Refill

_________

__________

4.

Redo

_________

__________

5.

Repay

_________

__________

6.

Decode

_________

__________

7.

Relive

_________

__________

8.

Reload

________

__________

9.

Deform

_________

__________

10.

Reclaim

_________

__________

11.

Reset

_________

__________

Complete the prefixes below.

The prefix dis means opposite

1.

______like

12.

______ continue

2.

_______ do

13.

______ honest

3.

_______believe

4.

_______ scramble

15.

______ happy

5.

_______ appear

16.

______ believe

6.

_______real

17.

______ even

7.

_______ pack

18.

______ easy

8.

_______ lock

19.

______ connect

14.

The prefix un means not

______ obey

9.

_______ place

10.

_______prepared

11.

______ agree

20.

______ clear
21.

______ fair

Each of the words below has a prefix and a base word. For each word, write the prefix on the
left side and the base word on the right side.

Prefix

Base Word

______

uncut

______

______

unjust

______

______

dislike

______

______

discolor

______

______

disclose

______

______

uneven

______

______

discontinue

______

______

unhappy

______

______

unlock

______

Add the prefix in or pre to each word in parenthesis. Put the new word on the line in the
sentence.
The prefix in means not or into./the prefix pre means before.

1.

Mara had a ______ for her gymnastics class. (pay)

2.

Because Sara has fair skin, she always uses sunblock as a _____________ when she goes to

the beach. (caution)

3.

My mother went to the elementary school to _____________ my sister for kindergarten.

(register)
4.

We saw a _____________ for the new adventure movie. (view)

5.

I had to finish my homework last night because it was _______ (complete)

6.

We had to _____ my soccer shirt in laundry detergent to remove the grass stain. (soak)

7.

Anthony decided to _______ the potatoes so they would be ready when his guests arrived.

(cook)

Circle the base word in each word.

presoak

pretest

invisible

refill

unclear

retell

unclean

disconnect

unsafe

POST- ACTIVITY

Choose six words, 3 with prefixes and 3 with suffixes, and then write sentences.

1. ____________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________________

CONSOLIDATION
From pieces of newspapers, students identify words containing prefixes. Stick them here.

LESSON No 2

WARM UP
Teacher is going to give students a group of words so they have to use suffixes to create new
words.

PRESENTATION
Suffixes are letter groups that are added to the end of base or root words. Suffixes often add
information to the meaning of words.
Example: the bubble gum was sugarless.
The suffix less means without and changes the meaning of the base word sugar
The suffix ness means state or quality of

PRE-ACTIVITY

Complete the sentences in the chart and use the affixes in the circles.

WHILEACTIVITY
1. Fill in the blank with the suffix less or ness.

use______

thought________

end_________

rest _____

speech________

worth_______

good_____

care_________

playful______

fruit _____

foolish______

hope______

like______ blame_______ dark_______

2. Complete the word in each sentence by adding the suffix less or ly

less means without

lymeans in what manner

1.

The lemonade was complete______ gone by the end of the day.

2.

She poured the drinks careful_____ into the glasses.

3.

We knew it was hope____ to try to make enough lemonade for the whole school.

4.

The sun was shining and it was a cloud____ day.

5.

The dog was sitting motion______ by the lemonade stand.

6.

Jim is slow____ squeezing all of the lemons.

3. Suffix less or ness can be added to each of the chart. Decide which to use less or
ness.Write the new words in the blanks. NOTE: When a word ends in y change the y to i
before adding a suffix.

less

ness

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

_________________

3. The words below have the suffix er added to them. Decide what the
base words are and print them on the lines. Be careful, some of the
based words were changed when the suffixes were added.
1.

Batter

______ 5.

2.

Singer ______ 6.

Baker

______

3.

Jogger ______ 7.

Shopper

______

4.

Hitter

______ 8.

Caller

______

Walker ______

5. The Suffix ed has been added to the base words to form the words listed below. Decide what
the base words are and write them on the lines. Be careful. Some of the base words were
changed when the suffixes were added.

1.

Played _________

8.

Cried

_________

2.

Placed _________

9.

Dried

_________

3.

Acted _________

10.

Pushed _________

4.

Ruled _________

11.

Jumped_________

5.

Watched _________

12.

Watched

6.

Raced _________

7.

Cooked _________

_________

6. Add the suffix ed to each of the words. When a word ends with a single consonant, you
must double the consonant before adding the suffix. When a word ends in e, you must delete
he final e on the base word before adding the suffix.

1.

like

2.

touch

3.

walk

4.

crush

5.

rain

7. Complete each sentence by adding the suffix ing to the word in parentheses. When a word
ends in e, you must drop the e before adding the suffix.

1.

We go ice ___________________on the pond every winter. (skate)

2.

Tads red soccer jersey was ________ because it has been washed many times.

( fade)
3.

My sister is ______________ decorations for my birthday party. (make)

4.

Sean and his family are ___________to Florida this summer. (drive)

5.

Shannon and Lesli are _____________ their bicycles on the path. (ride)

6.

Ted is ______ all of the old newspapers in his neighborhood for recycling. (save)

7.

Ashly is ________________a special cake for the graduation party. (bake)

8. Write the prefix un, re or pre in each blank to form a new word.

1.

______historic 5.

______able

9.

2.

______trace

6.

______place

3.

______turn

7.

______bearable

4.

______union

8.

______view

_____ read

9. Write the prefixes: tele, mid, auto (distant, middle, self respectively.)

1.

_________mobile

2.

________vision

3.

________phone

4.

_________air

5.
6.

________point
7.

8.

_________graph

________summer

________scope

10. Try to divide the words below by separating the prefixes, suffixes, and base words.
REMEMBER: Sometimes the silent e is removed from the base word when a suffix is added.
Example: remove ....... removable.

Prefix

Base Word

Suffix

refreshment

_________

____________

__________

renewable

_________

____________

__________

disapproving

_________

____________

__________

untruthful

_________

____________

__________

prearrangement

_________

____________

_________

untouchable

_________

____________

__________

refinished

_________

____________

__________

returnable

_________

____________

__________

delightful

_________

____________

__________

disgraceful

_________

____________

__________

POST-ACTIVITY
1. Study the group of words below. Identify what part they have in common - which is going to be
the root word and underline the prefix and the suffix.

2. Use a dictionary to find new words made by adding suffixes and/or prefixes to the root words
given. Complete the words to your right.

CONSOLIDATION
Briefly, Teacher shows students words on the board and they have to add a suffix to create a new
word.

GENDER: MENS AND

WOMENS ROLE

LESSON No 1
WARM UP
Teacher and students talk about these two questions.

What do you think?

Gender: mens and womens role

can women do the jobs men do?

_________________________________________________________

can men do the jobs women do?

_________________________________________________________

PRESENTATION
In all societies the obvious biological difference between men and women is used as a
justification for forcing them into different social roles which limit and shape their
attitudes and behavior. That is to say, no society is content with the natural difference of
sex, but each insists on adding to it a cultural difference of gender. The simple physical
facts therefore always become associated with complex psychological qualities. It is not
enough for a man to be male; he also has to appear masculine. A woman, in addition to
being female, must also be feminine.
Vocabulary
Female ____________

childcare_____________

Male

task

_____________

______________

Fortify _____________

relationship

______________

Parenthood _____________

taught ______________

Fatherhood

_____________

pregnancy______________

Broader

_____________

child well-being _________________

Wage

_____________

overview

Gap

_____________

outnumber

______________

Attain

_____________

pace

______________

Claim

_____________

______________

PRE-ACTIVITY
Math the word in column A to its definition in column B.

1. Male

( )

being a father

2. Barrier

( )

a plan or set of ideas that indicate what to do in

certain situation.

3. Fortify

( )

man or men

4. Policies

( )

being a mother or father

5. Parenthood

( )

make stronger

6. Fatherhood

( )

difficulty

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and choose the correct option.

The role of Men in the Family

To successfully promote the male involvement in the family,
concerned leaders, governments, and non-governmental organizations
must begin by confronting cultural barrier. They must work to educate
boys and men to prepare them for a broader role as fathers. Studies
have found that this kind of education, combined with experience, can
fortify the relationships between father and children. For this reason,
programs have been developed in schools to give boys and girls
experience with childcare.
Nowadays, few countries have laws and programs that encourage men to play an
active role in the family. Therefore, policies and programs must be put in place, to recognize
the critical role of both parents in the family and promote a fair balance of responsibility for
children between men and women.
Men as well as women should be taught to see the care of children as an honourable an
necessary task, so it is essential to promote programs that help men participate in childcare.
A set of practical policies and programs should include the following:

A legal and ethical structure that promotes social and economic justice in marriage and
in the parent-child relationship.
Provisions that support non-traditional families and encourage male involvement with
children.
The best family policy teaches young people about responsible sexual relations, the
meaning and responsibilities of marriage and other adult relationships, and the
obligations involved in parenthood.
Boy need to be taught that fatherhood means supporting their children financially and
sharing responsibility for their care.
Parental leave, for both men and women, should be a standard feature of every
workplace.
However, in most settings, childcare is either non-existent or so inadequate that many
parents have to give up many of their childrens needs just in order to support their children.
Father must be involved in all programs that deal with the family including those that address
pregnancy support, post-natal care and child well-being.
Adapted from: Interactive Population Center.
http://www.unfpa.org/intercenter/role4mdn/promotin.htm

1. A major obstacle in promoting males active participation in the family is ____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

politics
non-governmental institutions
culture
political leaders

2. Relationships between fathers and children can get stronger if ____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

girls learn about childcare

boys and girls play in schools
women are prepared for the role
men are prepared for a broader role as fathers

3. It is necessary to establish programs that promote mens and womens ____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

equal responsibility for children

ethical structure
equal sexual relations
non-traditional families

4. A major family policy should teach boys ____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

sexual relationships
fatherhood responsibilities
marriage obligations
parental leave

5. In most cases, parents cannot fulfil all their childrens needs because they have to work to
support them. This is a consequence of ____
A.
B.
C.
D.

non-existent childcare policies

financially responsible parents
pos-natal programs
lack of childcare centers.

6. Every workplace should establish parental leave for ____.

A.
B.
C.
D.

men and women

fathers and sons
childcare centers
mothers and daughters

2. Read the text and fill up the chart.

The Wage andWork Situation of Men and Women in Costa Rica:

An Overview
According to a study published in 2000 by the Economic
Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC, in
English, and CEPAL in Spanish), inequality women and men in the
professional field has been diminishing in the last nine Latin
American countries (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia.
Rica, Honduras, Mexico and Uruguay).
The study states that in our country women's participation in the
working arena is higher now. It is also claimed that women in
Costa Rica are getting better salaries and that our country
(together with Uruguay and Argentina) is leader in the race to
lessen the wage gap between men and women.
However, inequality is still present in Costa Rica when it comes to the subject of jobs
and salaries. Although women outnumber men in many occupations and in
universities, and although they have attained relative success in the political and
professional fields, there is still discrimination.
It is true that women have a greater professional participation in our country, But it is
also true that it is in Mexico, Chile and Costa Rica where this participation rate moves
at a slower pace.
Women may be obtaining better wages, but in general terms, they still earn less than
men. This situation is significantly reflected in low-level occupations where wide
discrepancies are more evident. As the study by the ECLAC states, the situation
concerning salaries in all the nine countries is still not favorable for women.

Fill in the chart with three positive and three negative facts for women, based on the previous
text.

Positive Facts

Negative Facts

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

3.

POST-ACTIVITY
Read the information below and complete the chart.

Most countries now acknowledge that gender and the extent of gender equality will
influence the timing and shape of demographic change. Recent research has explored these
relationships and has highlighted potential policy implications. In general, as the differences
between mens and womens roles diminish, women gain status and power within a society
and begin to control their reproductive lives. When women have more autonomy maternal
and child health tends to improve, fertility and childhood mortality tend to decline, and
population growth slows.
When women have frequent and numerous births, their life choices are often restricted.
Their options increase if they have access to safe, effective means of controlling the timing
and number of their births. When women have fewer children, they face fewer years of
child care and they are freer to participate in activities in the public sphere, such as paid
employment or political office ()
Nancy E. Rilley
Population Bulletin, Vol 52, No.1

Facts

Consequences

*
Women with a lot of
children

*
*
*

Women with few

children

*
*

CONSOLIDATION
Whats your opinion? Check your answer.
Are men able to look after children?

Yes ( )

No

( )

Who are stronger physically?

Men ( )

Women ( )

Who are stronger emotionally?

Men ( )

Women ( )

Who are more sensitive?

Men ( )

Women ( )

Do boys play with dolls?

Yes ( )

No

( )

Are women and men intellectually equal?

Yes ( )

No

( )

Do men cry?

Yes ( )

No

( )

Is the home the womans place?

Yes ( )

No

( )

Should the men do housework?

Yes ( )

No

( )

LESSON NO 2
WARM UP

PRESENTATION
Vocabulary

household

______________

outcomes

_______________

joined

______________

strain

_______________

distress

______________

income _______________

juggling

______________

success _______________

Wage

______________

payment

_______________

Distress

______________

duties

_______________

Carrying out

______________

health

_______________

PRE-ACTIVITY
Solve the matching based on vocabulary.

juggling

a. become part of a group

joined

b. family, people living together.

household

c. mental suffering

wage

d. doing several things at once.

strain

e. paymentforwork

distress

f. make something less cordial

marital dissolution

g. Money received over period.

income

h. divorce

outcomes

i. results

success

j. achievement

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and answer.

A big number of men are pulling on

aprons and sharing the cooking,
according to new government found
research. Following the example of
male TV chefs, men are now twice as
likely to divide domestic duties with
their wives or girlfriends as a decade
ago. In the early 1990s, only 16% of
couples in their 30s said they shared the cooking, but now a third say they do equal shares.
Growing numbers of men claim compared with 5% a decade ago. Men used to just burn a few
sausages, says restaurant AldosZilli, but the rise in TV shows with celebrity male chefs has
really had an impact Mara Simpson, a 34 year-old investment banker says her husband
follows the trend. When we have guests my husband is who makes dinner. He looks for
recipes on the internet or from cooking books.
With more women going out to work, men have to take on chores that were previously
considered womens work.
Although women still do the big part of the housework, men help out in other areas such as
the shopping list, ironing, housework, or changing diapers.
If men have a more flexible jobs than women, they are the ones to ask for permission in case
of a having a sick child.
AdaptedfromAttitude 3

1. Where can men find instructions for cooking?

_______________________________________________________

2. Who have influenced men to start cooking?

_______________________________________________________

3. Why do men have to take on chores that were firstly considered womens
work?
_______________________________________________________

4. Under which circumstance does a man take a time off from work to take care
of a child?
_______________________________________________________

2. Read and answer.

Contrary to longstanding theories of

gender and psychology, women and men
can benefit by taking on more than one
traditional social role, such as worker or
parent, report two researchers in the
October issue of American psychologist. In the last 30 years, more women have joined the
work force and more men have taken on household tasks. Commonly accepted gender
theories suggest that juggling these work and family roles has introduced distress in families,
but Janet Hyde, a UW-madison psychology professor who co-authored the paper, says she's
found quite the opposite. The researchers found that employment was associated with
improved health for both single and married women, regardless of their parental status, who
had positive attitudes toward their jobs. Besides, men who held multiple roles also had better
health. Some data suggest that men's family roles may be more critical to their psychological
well-being than their wage-earning ones. Furthermore, Hyde and barnett found that multiple
roles do not strain relationships: in one study, marital dissolution was highest when the wife
had no income. That multiple roles improve the physical and psychological health of both men
and women.
There are a number of factors that explain the relationship between multiple roles and
beneficial outcomes. Among them are added income, social support, opportunities to
experience success, perspective and buffering. This last factor, which is an interaction between
two roles, enables the successes in one role to offset the failures in another. As this point
suggests, role quality is more important than the number of roles or time.
Adapted from http://www.news.wisc.edu/6624
1. Who is Janet Hyde?
______________________________________________________________________
2. According to accepted gender theories, how does performing different work and family roles
affect families?
_____________________________________________________________________.
3. What did the researchers find?
_____________________________________________________________________.

4. What did multiple roles improve in men and women?

_____________________________________________________________________.
3. Read and answer true (T) or false (F)

As normal as it might seem to some of us here in the U.S., the

concept of a man doing housework or taking care of kids is still
unheard of in some parts of Latin America. Mexico City wants to
change that, and mayor Marcelo Ebrard is inciting his
government to kick off a re-education plan for men in his city:
to make them participants in domestic work, such as
caring for and raising their children.
Its about changing our mentality. We have to share work
and responsibilities, he said upon inaugurating the
Equality in Gender Fair yesterday, part of the
International Womens Day festivities.
He said that above all this is important because society is not the same as 40 years
ago, and now women in Mexico represent a third of the economically active
population, and that number will grow in the next few years.
The mayor has ordered that the program which will feature workshops, talks and courses
for men, organized by the citys Womens Institute begin in less than two weeks.
Adapted from internet

1. Mens domestic duties are common in Mexico

________

2. Marcelo Ebrard is agree with mens participation in household

________

3. Society has to change mentality about mens role

________

4. Women force work is the same as 40 years ago

________

4. Read the test and choose the correct answer.

Womens leadership

A leading group of international businesswomen that work on the worlds 200 biggest male dominated
companies are stepping up efforts to give women more leadership in large corporations.
Little progress has been made to ensure boarding equality to sexes said a report issued by Corporate Women
directors International (CWDI).
It over 80 percent of buying decisions are being made by women-from cars to tires, to food, to technology,
to energy-why wouldnt you have them represented in those companies, said CDWI chairman to the press,
urging corporation to rectify the situation.
The eight countries with the largest companies, United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, France,
Switzerland, the Netherlands and Italy-have all made progress in appointing women directors since 2004, the
reporter said.
However, the majority of the largest companies Japan, Korea, Venezuela, Russia and China, for instance, still
do not have women directors. It said.
I have never said that women are perfect creatures, but they do bring in a perspective that is very necessary
to be competitive in the global economy, said Natividad.
1. What are the businesswomen of the large corporations doing?
They are ______________________________large companies.

a) ignoring men in
b) taking all the decision of
c) trying to be the only leaders in
d) fighting to increase participation of women in

Adated from Guanacaste journal

2. What does the text state about boarding equality of sexes?

a) males have the same leading opportunities than women
b) women have less leading opportunities than men
c) women are the leaders of all companies
d) a lot of progress has been made

3. Whats the role of women in the big corporation in the united states?
a) womens participation is not important
b) there are more leading positions
c) womens role is insignificant
d) their role is perfect

4. What countries are given more opportunities to women as directors?

a) germany and switzerland
b) korea and venezuela
c) russia and china
d) china and korea

5. Whats the importance of womens roles according to natividad?

Women _______________________________________.

a) are necessary in the competetive world company

b) can not be necessary in the companies
c) shoul work only in small corporations
d) are perfect for all kind of busuness

POST-ACTIVITY
Use the words in the charts to complete the paragraph.

roles / distress / duties / carrying out / working / health

Women and men can have an advantage by ___________ different social roles. Nowadays it is
normal to see women __________ outside and more men in charge of house ______________.
Some researchers have stated that performing different roles can produce ___________ in a
relationship. However, Jane Hyde, a psychology professor, said that it is the opposite. There is a
link between employment and health for both single and married women. In addition, men who
perform different roles also had had better ____________. Some information describes that
mens family ____________ make them feel better than the ones they do at work.

look up / going out / duties / employing / TV shows / do / share

Due to ____________________ more men have decided to help with the housework. They
are now open to divide domestic ____________. For instance, some of them like to
_________ the cooking. They try to ___________ for recipes on the internet or get their
inspiration form TV cooking shows. However, women still __________ the majority of work.
Since more women are ______________ to work, there has been also a rise in
______________ people to do various chores.

CONSOLIDATION

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

SENIOR CITIZENS AND

MINORITY GROUPS

LESSON No 1
WARM UP
Match the pictures with the number of the sentence in the poem that describes each picture.

I Once Was The Silent Being

-- by Sue Alexander Copyright 1998 --

1. I once was a pretty baby

held lovingly in my mothers arms.
2. I once was a teenager
with all a young girls charms.
3. I once was a young woman
my future bright and free.
4. I once was a young bride
my loving husband standing next to me.
5. I once was a young mother
holding my child to my breast.
6. I once was a mother
watching my child leave the nest.
7. I once was a grandmother
waiting for my grandchilds knock.
8. I once was an old woman
no longer able to walk.
9. I once was very tired
and decided to sleep till the end.
10. I once was a useful person
but it is on others I must now depend.

PRESENTATION
Senior Citizens and Minority Groups
Read the definition of what a minority group is.
A Minority Group is any small group in society that is different from
the rest with reference to their ethnicity, religion, sex, nationality,
politics, age or sexual orientation.

Some vocabulary

Childhood

___________

Senior citizens

____________

Teenager

___________

Black people

____________

Youth

___________

Jewish

____________

Adulthood

___________

Homosexual

____________

Elderly old age

__________

Indigenous

____________

People with AIDS __________

PRE-ACTIVITY
Read the information below and complete the chart.

While every society appears to have a socially recognized category

of "old person," definitions of what old age is can vary depending on
era, place, and culture. In the West, old age is increasingly
determined by the reaching of a specific chronological age--usually
65, since this represents the common time of retirement from the
work force and the age at which pensions, such as Social Security,
usually begin. In many traditional and non-industrialized societies,
old age is not defined chronologically but may dependent on an array of "markers" such as
physical change, loss of certain abilities, or change in social roles.

Complete this chart: Elderly People

PhysicalChanges

Loss of Abilities

Change in Social Roles

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and solve the exercises.

Although in theory the extension of the life span in old age depends on achievements--such as
multiple careers and lengthy periods of creativity-- the problems that often face the elderly, both
in the West and elsewhere, can be immense. In Western nations there has been growth in both
the number and type of government-sponsored programs to aid the elderly. For example, as the
result of income-assistance programs, the percentage of older people living under the poverty line
in the United States decreased from 22% in 1959 to 13% in 1980. Nonetheless, data indicate that
poverty, poor health, and reduced opportunities continue to affect many elderly--especially
women and ethnic minorities.
In developing nations, with few governmental or institutional resources and widespread poverty,
the elderly may fare poorly. Although supportive treatment of the elderly is common, one study
found non supportive treatment of some older persons in about one-third of the societies in the
sample.
Some older people find fewer social roles available. This has been described either as role loss or
role transformation. Thus, some roles, such as that of paid employee, may be lost forever. Others
may be transformed: for example, being the 70-year-old parent of a 50-year-old child is quite
different from being the 40-year-old parent of a 20-year old. And still other roles may be replaced
or renewed, as through participating in the many volunteer activities available. Remarriage
provides a role renewal for elders who have suffered the agonizing loss of a spouse.

Solve the matching

ELDERLY

R. Help

AID

T. Reduce favorable conditions

POVERTY

G. To marry again.

POOR HEALTH

H. Lack of Money.

REDUCE OPORTUNITIES

J. Fact no longer having something.

SUPPORTIVE

K. Bad physical condition.

PAID EMPLOYEE

Z. Past middle age

LOST

X. To get money for work.

REMARRIAGE

C. Sustaining somebody

Answer the questions

1. How do governments help elderly people in different countries?
______________________________________________________________.

2. Which problems still continue affecting elderly people in despite they receive any kind of help?
______________________________________________________________.

3. Mention a social role being affected in the elderly stage

______________________________________________________________.

4. Mention one social role that can be renewed during the elderly stage.
______________________________________________________________.

POST-ACTIVITY
Based on the warm up. What are the different stages this old lady went through?

1._____________________________
2._____________________________
3._____________________________
4._____________________________

CONSOLIDATION

5._____________________________

Complete the activities people are able to do in the different stages of the life.

Stages in Life and Activities

Babies

Teenagers

Adult people

Elderlypeople

LESSON No 2
WARM UP
Teacher Asks students
What can we learn from elderly people?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

PRESENTATION
Synonyms: Words with the same meaning.
Antonyms: Word with opposite meaning.

PRE-ACTIVITY
Use your dictionary to complete the chart.

Synonym
youth
old
withdraw

Antonym
enemies
maintain
accompanied

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the text and complete the chats below.

Attitudes and Myths

There is little doubt that society negatively values old age. Job
discrimination and an emphasis on youth in public culture are two
good examples. Realities do affect attitudes. For example,
retirement usually brings a significant reduction in income and as
one ages the death of friends and peers occurs more frequently.
There are a number of common myths about the treatment of the elderly that should be
dispelled. Most families, in fact, do not abandon their older members but rather go to
extraordinary lengths to care for them. The treatment of the elderly in non-Western societies
is by no means uniformly ideal. Whereas older Americans are often said to be lonely,
loneliness is not widespread, in fact, among the aged. Contrary to a common impression, most
elderly in the United States do not retire to the Sun Belt but remain where they have lived all
their lives.

Complete the chart.

2. Read the information below and analyse it.

Have you or any person you know been subject to mistreatment or assault? Have you ever been
involved in acts were other humans are humiliated because of the color of their skin, their physical
conditions, their gender, their social status, or their religion? If your answer is yes, you must be
aware that you have witnessed some of humanity's cruellest crimes, racism, segregation,
xenophobia and discrimination.
Examples of racism, discrimination and xenophobia:

Making fun of clothes, food or physical appearance of people from differentcultures.

Telling jokes directed against people from particular groups.

Using insulting language about particular cultural groups.

Making fun of people's accents or names.

Refusing to work or play with or sit next to other people who are from a different
orspeak a different language.

Writing graffiti against people from particular cultural backgrounds.

Stereotyping people from different cultural or linguistic groups.

Telling people to `go back where they carne from.'

Not including students from particular backgrounds in class activities.

Favoring students from some backgrounds more than others.

Not helping students from some backgrounds as much as others.

Expecting students from some cultural or linguistic groups to do better or worse

than others in school work.

Disrespecting people's different religious beliefs.

Bullying students from different cultural and linguistic groups.

Assaulting people from different cultural backgrounds.

Racism is obviously a serious social problem that can affect anyone no matter their
gender, age or social status. Here are some of the consequences one might suffer after
experiencing racism in the educational environment.
Write your opinion. How do you consider Senior Citizens are treated in our country? Are you
agree or disagree with that? How do you treat Senior Citizens in your family? Why?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
3. Read the text. Write the referent of the words highlighted in the paragraph.

I do agree that for some people, life begins at 70. But for others, maybe not. I am referring
to the older people who are neglected by their families, those who can be found in homes
for the aged in the streets, wandering and begging for alms, with scanty clothing to
protect their fragile bodies from the coldness of the night.
Not every old person can afford to play tennis or golf. Neither does every old person have
the luxury of time to get involved civic projects because they have to earn a living despite
their age and frailty.
Whats even sadder is that the most of them do not have solicitous family members to
take care of them Most of them do not have any loving feeling to take them to
MacDonalds. Instead, what they have are relatives who do not want to be burdened with
senile sickly persons and who would much rather dump them in some nursing home,
forgetting they exist long before they actually die.
In this light, I am appealing to each one of us to take care of elderly members of our society.
Indeed, it is hard to be old, what with the numerous limitations and sudden bouts of
depression.
The least we can do is not to make things more difficult forthem. Let us not fail to give
them the importance and respect that they deserve. It could visit those in the nursing
homes who have no relatives and spend time with them. Let us be understanding and
patient with them ()
Karen Kaye, Sta. Mara,Quexon City
.inq7net

Those refers to _________________

They refers to _________________
Who refers to _________________
I refers to

_________________

We refers to

_________________

Create a short paragraph.

Karen suggests some ways of showing caring, love and attention to elderly.
What are they?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

POST-ACTIVITY
Use the words in bold to complete the text below

retire / realities- friends / youth / discrimination

Elderly people have to face _________________. Some culture emphasize on

_____________

in regards to work force. Old people have to face different

____________________. For example, they feel depressed when they ________

due to a deduction of their incomes. Also, as they age, they start facing the death
of ____________________.

CONSOLIDATION
Match the terms (Life Cycle) on the left with their definition on the right.

A. Infancy

( ) a human between the ages of 13 and 19.

B. Toddler

( ) period between the time a baby is born and 2 years of age.

C. Childhood

( ) stage from being born to the age of 13.

D. Adolescence

( ) people older than 65 years.

E. Young adult

( ) period that starts after you turn 19 years old.

F. Adulthood

( ) small children from 2 to 4 years old.

G. Middle age

( ) people between 40 and 65 years old.

H. Old age

( ) stage after age of 18 years of age.

WORDS WITH THE SAME

PRONUNCIATION BUT
DIFFERENT MEANING

Homonyms

He hung his coat up on the rack.

The fish use wrack as their food.

Homonyms are words with the same pronunciation but different spelling and meaning.

In sentence number 1, rack means a framework for displaying baggage, books, hats, etc.
In sentence number 2, wrack is a plant growing in the sea.

EXERCISE: With the help of your dictionary, look up the pronunciation of the following
homophones.

To

Here

One

Two

Hear

Won

Pear

There

See

Pair

Their

Sea

EXERCISE: Match the homonyms. Use your dictionary. The first one is an example.

Look up the meaning, then write sentences.

Root:

________________________________________________________________

Route: ______________________________________________________________

Some: _____________________________________________________________
Sum:_______________________________________________________________

Groan: ________________________________________________________________
Grown: ________________________________________________________________

Cellar: ________________________________________________________________
Seller:________________________________________________________________

Err:

_______________________________________________________________

Air:

________________________________________________________________

Read the text and correct mistakes.

1. Circle the correct option.

"HOMOPHONES"

2. Choose the correct words and fill up the boxes.

cent-scent hair-hare weak-week mail-male meat-meet

1.- I love your perfume's

2.- I don't have a

to spend.

3.- She has beautiful and curly

4.- The

is a very fast animal.

5.- He is a very

boy.

6.- I had an awful

7.- You have to be a

9.-

at my work.

for that job. 8.- I haven't received my

me at the shopping mall.

yet.

10.- Mexican people eat a lot of

3. Tick the correct one.-

1.- There is a
2.- My

feat

3.- She left her

hole

whole in my shoe.

feet hurt!
cell

sell over

4.- The baby is taking a

5.-

Raze

6.- Can you

knap

there.

nap.

Raise your hand, if you want to participate!

great

grate the cheese, please?

7.- Fruit is a very nutritious

8.- The car's

their

cereal

9.- I would love to have a

desert

dessert.

serial number is correct.

peace

piece of cheese cake right now.

4. Tick the one that does not have the same sound.

brake

break

brick

die

dear

deer

hear

here

hire

hall

hole

whole

no

now

know

met

meat

meet

read

red

ride

son

soon

sun

sole

soil

soul

suit

sweet

suite

5. Write the correct word.-

1.- I got all my exercises

(write-right).

2.- The sky was a deep

colour. (blew-blue).

3.- Did you

the dress. (buy-by-bye).

4.- I have to buy a

5.- My bike's

of sneakers. (pare-pair-pear).
is broken. (peddle-petal-pedal).

6.- I love to wear trendy

on summer time (cloze-close-clothes).

7.- I would like my

well-done, please. (meat-mete-meet).

8.- I have an awful

throat. (sore-soar)

9.- I hope they don't

10.- Diet pills are a

my car. (steal-steel).
of time and money. (waist-waste).

Excellent job!!! ***

MASS MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION

LESSON No 1
WARM UP
Different kinds of mass media.

PRESENTATION
What is Mass Media?
When we talk about the media we are talking, essentially, about communication.
Any act of communication requires a sender, a message, a medium by which it is
sent, and a receiver.
To put it in more concrete terms, we are looking at those who send the message
(politicians, papers, TV stations, the message itself, the medium by which it is
transmitted (TV, papers, radio, etc) and those at whom it is directed (the public).
Also crucial is the fact that we are talking about mass media. Media are mass
media if they convey complex messages fast, clearly and simultaneously to large
numbers of people.

Vocabulary:

PRE-ACTIVITY
Work in pairs. Look at these TV programs. Which ones would you like to watch?

CCN TV News

Friends

The Cristina
Show

Channel 5

Sony
Entertainment TV

Univision

The latest news. Lets

discover what is going on
around the world.

Sit down and laugh with

the funny lives of this
group of friends.

Cristina brings the most

interesting topics to keep
you informed.

Although Jade/Lucas are

the main couple, they
clearly havent had it easy.
Dont miss todays
episode.

Soy tu Duea
Soap opera

Channel 23

Who wants to be a
millionaire?

Channel 7

Discover who becomes a

new millionaire today!

An Inconvenient
truth

People and Arts

Channel

Global Warming
Documentary Movie
Are we going to disappear?

Solve the matching based on the previous information.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
1. Read the information below and answer based on it.

1. What does Suzy Warner read?

_________________________________________

2. Who is Suzy Warner?

_________________________________________
3. Where does she work?
_________________________________________
4. Why does she prefer listening to NPR radio?
_________________________________________

5. What kind of music does she like listening to?

_________________________________________
6. What kind of ads does she like?
_________________________________________

2. Complete the paragraph by using the word in the chart.

talk show/ news / quiz show / documentary / read / soap opera

I like watching TV. I usually get up at 6:00 am and listen to the _____________ while I am
having breakfast. Then, I__________ the newspaper at work. At lunch time, I often watch the
Mexican __________ . My favorite actor is Fernando Colunga. In the afternoon, I sometimes
watch The Ophra Winfreys show. It is a ________________. she is the host and talks to
famous peole in an informal way. On Tuesdays, I always watch Who wants to be a
Millionaire?. It is a ____________________. Contestants try to answer questions to earn
some money. Tonight, I am planning to watch a short movie called: An inconvinient Truth It
is a ___________________ about the Global Warming problem.

POST-ACTIVITY
Tick those statements you agree or disagree with.

We agree

We disagree

The media play a powerful role in construction notions of

appropriate male and female behaviour.

( )

( )

The representation of women by the media often confirms and

reinforces sexist stereotypes.

( )

( )

The media have immense power and tend to reinforce racist

stereotypes.

( )

( )

The media are important shapers of our perceptions and ideas.

( )

( )

The media are agents of communications.

( )

( )

Students need to learn how to read media messages.

( )

( )

CONSOLIDATION
Describe each program:

boring / interesting / important / annoying / funny / educational

Sitcoms:

________________________

Talk shows:

________________________

The news:

________________________

Soap operas:

________________________

Documentaries:

________________________

Quiz Shows:

_______________________

LESSON No 2
WARM UP
What do you like to .?

Watch

Read
*
*
*

*
*
*

PRESENTATION
Pay attention to these phrases

We agree on that because

We dont agree because

We think that

We think it is wrong because

We think it is right because

In my opinion it is wrong because

In my opinion it is right because

I dont consider

The communication facilities

(TV) is important because

Listen
*
*
*

PRE-ACTIVITY
Identify according to the pictures, write the numbers in the circle.

WHILE-ACTIVITY
Complete the sentences below. Use the words below.

What do you like to do? Lets complete the sentences below.

CONSOLIDATION
Work with a partner and ask each other these questions, then make a general oral report about
your partner answers related to mass media communication.
1. How often do you watch TV?
___________________________________________

2. How often do you access internet?

____________________________________________

3. How often do you read newspapers?

____________________________________________

4. What media do you consider the most important?

____________________________________________

5. How often do you read magazines?

____________________________________________

6. What media do you prefer most?

____________________________________________

7. How often do you listen to the radio?

____________________________________________
8. How does mass media help people? (positive or negative aspects in education / communication,
etc) advantages /disadvantages.
____________________________________________

My partner opinions

Maribels favorite mass media is the cell

phone. She thinks .. She considers
etc.

ANNEXES

1. Regular verbs
2. Irregular verbs
3. Phrasalverbs
4. Modal verbs
5. Verbal tenses

IRREGULAR VERBS

PRESENT

PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

PRESENT

PAST

PAST
PARTICIPLE

MEANING

To be: am,
is, are

was-were

been

Ser / estar

lie

lay

lain

Mentir

become

became

become

Llegar a se

let

let

let

Permitir

begin

began

begun

Empezar

lose

lost

lost

Perder

blow

blew

blown

Soplar

make

made

made

Hacer

break

broke

broken

Quebrar

mean

meant

meant

Significar

bring

brought

brought

Traer

meet

met

met

Encontrar

build

built

built

Construir

pay

paid

paid

Pagar

buy

bought

bought

Comprar

put

put

put

Colocar

catch

caught

caught

Atrapar

quit

quit

quit

dejar

choose

chose

chosen

Elegir

read

read

read

Leer

come

came

Come

venir

ride

rode

ridden

Cabalgar

cost

cost

cost

valor

run

ran

run

Correr

cut

cut

cut

Cortar

say

said

said

Decir

do

did

done

Hacer

see

saw

seen

Vender

draw

drew

drawn

Dibujar, jal

sell

sold

sold

Vender

drink

drank

drunk

Beber

send

sent

sent

Enviar

drive

drove

driven

Conducir

set

set

set

Colocar

eat

ate

eaten

comer

sing

song

sung

Cantar

fall

fell

fallen

Caer

sit

sat

sat

Sentarse

feel

felt

felt

Sentir

sleep

slept

slept

Dormir

find

found

found

Encontrar

speak

spoke

spoken

Hablar

fight

fought

fought

Pelear

Speed

sped

sped

Acelerar

fit

fit

fit

Adaptarse

spend

spent

spent

Gastar

fly

flew

Flown

volar

split

split

split

Entablillar

forget

forgot

forgotten

Olvidar

stand

stood

stood

De pie

get

got

gotten

Obtener

steal

stole

stole

Robar

give

gave

given

dar

stick

stuck

stuck

Adherir

go

went

gone

ir

strike

struck

struck

Atacar

Grow up

Grew up

Grown up

Crecer

swim

swam

swum

Nadir

Have, has

had

had

Tener

take

tool

taken

Tomar

hear

heard

heard

escuchar

tell

told

told

Decir, cont

hide

hid

hidden

Ocultar

think

thought

thought

Pensar

hit

hit

hit

Golpear

throw

threw

thrown

Jalar

hold

held

held

Mantener

understand

understood

understood

Entender

hurt

hurt

hurt

Herir

wake

woke

woken

Despertar

keep

kept

kept

Guardar

wear

wore

worn

Usar

know

knew

known

Conocer

win

won

won

Lograr

leave

left

left

dejar

write

wrote

written

escribir

REGULAR VERBS

PRESENT

PAST

PAST PARTICIPLE

MEANING

accomplish

accomplished

accomplished

lograr

add

added

added

Sumar-agregar

admit

admitted

admitted

Admitir, aceptar

afford

afforded

afforded

Disponer de

appreciate

appreciated

appreciated

Apreciar

attend

attended

attended

Asistir a, cuidar

achieve

achieved

achieved

Alcanzar

acquire

acquired

acquired

Adquirir

agree

agreed

agreed

Estar de acuerdo con

allow

allowed

allowed

Permitir

answer

answered

answered

Responder

apologize

apologized

apologized

Disculparse

apply

applied

applied

Aplicar

argue

argued

argued

Discutir

address

addressed

addressed

Dirigir

ask

asked

asked

Preguntar

board

boarded

boarded

Subir, embarcar

beg

begged

begged

Mendigar

behave

behaved

behaved

Comportarse

believe

believed

believed

Creer

belong

belonged

belonged

Pertenecer

blame

blamed

blamed

Culpar

bore

bored

bored

Aburrir

borrow

borrowed

borrowed

Tomar prestado

bother

bothered

bothered

Molestar

bury

buried

buried

Enterrar

cheat

cheated

cheated

Engaar

create

created

created

Crear

call

called

called

Llamar

care

cared

cared

Importar, preocuparse

carry

carried

carried

Cargar

change

changed

changed

Cambiar

charge

charged

charged

Cobrar, acusar

cheer

cheered

cheered

Alegar

chew

chewed

chewed

Masticar

clean

cleaned

cleaned

Limpiar

close

closed

closed

Cerrar

complain

complained

complained

Quejarse

continue

continued

continued

Continuar

criticize

criticized

criticized

Criticar

crumble

crumbled

crumbled

Desmenuzar (se)

cry

cried

cried

Llorar, gritar

cure

cured

cured

Curar

cash

cashed

cashed

Hacer efectivo

cherish

cherished

cherished

Apreciar

check

checked

checked

Controlar

cook

cooked

cooked

Cocinar

decide

decided

decided

Decidir

disgust

disgusted

disgusted

Repugnar, dar asco

doubt

doubted

doubted

dudar

dare

dared

dared

Atreverse

declare

declared

declared

Declarar

deny

denied

denied

Negar, rechazar

deserve

deserved

deserved

Merecer

die

died

died

Morir

drain

drained

drained

Drenar, desaguar

dry

dried

dried

Secar

dance

danced

danced

Bailar

dress

dressed

dressed

Vestir

drop

dropped

dropped

Dejar caer

execute

executed

executed

Ejecutar

expect

expected

expected

Esperar

earn

earned

earned

Ganar

enjoy

enjoyed

enjoyed

Disfrutar

envy

envied

envied

Enviar

enhance

enhanced

enhanced

Realizar, mejorar

fit

fitted

fitted

Ajustar

fill

filled

filled

Llenar

fire

fired

fire

Disparar

flatter

flattered

flattered

Adular

follow

followed

followed

Seguir

frighten

frightened

frightened

Asustar

fry

fried

fried

Frer

finish

finished

finished

Terminar

fish

fished

fished

Pescar

fix

fixed

fixed

Arreglar

gather

gathered

gathered

Recolectar

govern

governed

governed

Gobernar

gossip

gossiped

gossiped

Murmurar, chismear

hate

hated

hated

Odiar

hesitate

hesitated

hesitated

Vacilar, titubear

hunt

hunted

hunted

Cazar

handle

handled

handled

Manejar, manipular

happen

happened

happened

Ocurrir, suceder

help

helped

helped

Ayudar

hop

hoped

hoped

Saltar

hope

hopped

hopped

Esperar, confiar

insult

insulted

insulted

Insultar

interrupt

interrupted

interrupted

Interrumpir

ignore

ignored

ignored

Ignorar

imagine

imagined

imagined

Imaginar

introduce

introduced

introduced

Presentar, introducir

join

joined

joined

Unir, juntar

judge

judged

judged

Juzgar

justify

justified

justified

Justificar

jump

jumped

jumped

Saltar

kid

kidded

kidded

Bromear

knit

knitted

knitted

Tejer

kill

killed

killed

Matar

kick

kicked

kicked

Patear

kiss

kissed

kissed

Besar

knock

knocked

knocked

Llamar a la puerta

lift

lifted

lifted

Levantar

land

landed

landed

Aterrizar

lie

lied

lied

Acostarse, mentir

listen

listened

listened

Escuchar

live

lived

lived

Vivir

love

love

love

Amar

laugh

laughed

laughed

Rer

like

liked

liked

Gustar

look

looked

looked

Mirar

mend

mended

mended

Remendar

molest

molested

molested

Fastidiar

mail

mailed

mailed

Enviar

marry

married

married

Casarse

memorize

memorized

memorized

Memorizar

move

moved

moved

Mover

murder

murdered

murdered

Asesinar

nail

nailed

nailed

Clavar

notice

noticed

noticed

Notar

need

needed

needed

Necesitar

neglect

neglected

neglected

Descuidar

obey

obeyed

obeyed

Obedecer

observe

observed

observed

Observar

occur

occurred

occurred

Ocurrir

offer

offered

offered

Ofrecer

open

opened

opened

Abrir

organize

organized

organized

Organizar

owe

owed

owed

Deber

own

owned

owned

Poseer

paint

painted

painted

Pintar

plant

planted

planted

Plantar

play

played

played

Jugar, tocar
(instrumento)

prefer

preferred

preferred

Preferir

prepare

prepared

prepared

Preparar

pull

pulled

pulled

Empujar

pass

passed

passed

Pasar

pick

picked

picked

Recoger

pinch

pinched

pinched

Pellizcar

preach

preached

preached

Predicar

press

pressed

pressed

Presionar

produce

produced

produced

Producir

punish

punished

punished

Castigar

push

pushed

pushed

empujar

point

pointed

pointed

Sealar

present

presented

presented

Presentar

print

printed

printed

Imprimir

question

questioned

questioned

Preguntar

record

recorded

recorded

Gravar

regret

regretted

regretted

Arrepentirse

report

reported

reported

Informar

rest

rested

rested

Descansar

rain

rained

rained

Llover

rebel

rebelled

rebelled

Rebelarse

recognize

recognized

recognized

Reconocer

remember

remembered

remembered

Recordar

return

returned

returned

Regresar

ridicule

ridiculed

ridiculed

Ridiculizar, burlarse

rule

ruled

ruled

Regir

reach

reached

reached

Alcanzar

rinse

rinsed

rinsed

Enjuagar

rush

rushed

rushed

Apresurar, apurarse

select

selected

selected

Elegir

shout

shouted

shouted

Gritar

sound

sounded

sounded

Sonar

start

started

started

Empezar

suspect

suspected

suspected

sospechar

suspend

suspended

suspended

Suspender

sail

sailed

sailed

Navegar

satisfy

satisfied

satisfied

Satisfacer

save

saved

saved

Salvar, ahorrar

scan

scanned

scanned

Examinar

scare

scared

scared

Asustar

seem

seemed

seemed

Parecer

share

shared

shared

Compartir

sing

singed

singed

Firmar

smile

smiled

smiled

Sonrer

sneeze

sneezed

sneezed

Estornudar

show

snowed

snowed

Nevar

spell

spelled

spelled

Deletrear

stay

stayed

stayed

Estar, quedar(se)

study

studied

studied

Estudiar

surrender

surrendered

surrendered

Rendir(se)

swallow

swallowed

swallowed

Tragar

search

searched

searched

Buscar

slip

slipped

slipped

Deslizar

stop

stopped

stopped

Parar

stretch

stretched

stretched

Estirar

switch

switched

switched

Cambiar, interruptor

taste

tasted

tasted

Probar

toast

toasted

toasted

Tostar(se), brindar

translate

translated

translated

Traducir

treat

treated

treated

Tratar de

trust

trusted

trusted

Confiar

twist

twisted

twisted

Girar, torcer

threaten

threatened

threatened

Amenazar

tickle

tickled

tickled

Hacer cosquillas

tie

tied

tied

Anudar

travel

traveled

traveled

Viajar

tremble

trembled

trembled

Temblar

Try

tried

tried

Intentar

talk

talked

talked

Hablar

thank

thanked

thanked

Agradecer

touch

touched

touched

Tocar

type

typed

typed

Mecanografiar

turn

turned

turned

Dar la vuelta

use

used

used

Usar

unify

unified

unified

Unir

visit

visited

visited

visitar

wait

waited

waited

Esperar

want

wanted

wanted

Querer

whisper

whispered

whispered

Susurrar

whistle

whistled

whistled

Silbar

wonder

wondered

wondered

Preguntarse

worry

worried

worried

preocupado

walk

walked

walked

Caminar

wash

washed

washed

Lavar

watch

watched

watched

Mirar

weigh

weighed

weighed

Pesar

wish

wished

wished

Desear

work

worked

worked

Trabajar

Phrasal Verbs are verbs combined with prepositions or adverbs to give a new meaning. Verbs
with an asterisk (*) cannot be separated.

Modals

Modal verbs behave differently from other verbs.

1. They do not take s in the third person.

2. You use not to make modal verbs negative.
3. Many modals cannot be used in the past or the future tenses.

Modals

To show

Examples

be able to

ability

Are you able to carry that?

can / could

ability, possibility or impossibility

They can swim. He couldnt translate the letter.

permission (informal)

You cant go with him!

request (formal)

Could you help me with this work?

suggestion

We could go to the movies!

request / permission (formal)

May I come in?

limited certainly

My dog may be sick.

might

---limited certainly, chance

We might go shopping on Sunday.

must

strong necessity

We must buy the antibiotic for Karla.

very high certainty

Jos must be sad after his team lost.

ought to

advice

You ought not go to sleep so late.

should

advice

She should eat more.

will

plan or prediction

I assure he will come.

formal request

Will you please speak in a lower voice!

request

Would you mind if I turned on the radio?

could

may

would

VERBAL TENSES

To be
Contractions

am

Im

She
He

is

It

a good person. / in the park.

Shes

good persons. / in the park.

Were

You
We

are

They

She is a good person.

(positive form)

She is not (isnt) a good person.

(negative form)

Is she a good person? Yes, she is.

/ No, she isnt.(interrogative form)

Simple Present
The simple present tense is used to describe every day activities. It is also used to express
opinions and to make general statements.

Take into account some details:

(Do Does) They are auxiliaries and used to write negative and interrogative statements.

like to eat vegetables.

She
He
It

likes to eat vegetables.

Note: In third person singular subjects, the verb ends

in (s), according to spelling rules of the verb.

You
We

like to eat vegetables.

They

Examples:

Mario likes to eat vegetables.

Mario doesnt like to eat vegetables.
Does Mario (he) like to eat vegetables? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt

Carlos and Jose like to eat vegetables

Carlos and Jose dont like to eat vegetables.
Do they like to eat vegetables?

Yes, they do.

No, they dont.

Spelling Rules

1. If the verb ends in (y) alter a consonant, change the (y) to a (i) and add (es).
Example: carry / carries
Pronunciation
2. If the verb ends in (s, sh, ch, x, o, or z) after a consonant, add (es).
/iz/ alter (ch, sh, s,x) /teaches/
Example: teach / teaches

/s/ after voiceless endings (p, t, k,

or f) /stops/

3. There are two irregular verb forms.

Present Progressive or Continuous Tense

/z/ after voiced consonant
endings./listens/
Use the present continuous to talk about actions that are happening in this moment, or that will
happen in a near future.

Take into account some details: (subject + to be + ver (ing) + C)

am playingsoccer.
Negative form

She
am playing am not playing.
He

is playing soccer.
Is playing isnt playing

It
are playing arent playing.
You
isnt = is not
We

are playing soccer.

arent = are not

They

Examples:
Ana isrunning in the park.

Tonny and Marcos arerunning in the park.

Ana isntrunning in the park.

Is Ana running in the park?
Yes, she is.-- No, she isnt.

Tonny and Marcos arentrunning in the park.

Are they running in the park?
Yes, they are. -- No, they arent

Past progressive (verb to be in past)

Shewas in the school. / They were happy

Spelling Rules

1. If the simple form ends in silent (e) after a consonant, drop the (e) and add (ing).
Example: have / having

2. If the simple form ends in (ie), change the (ie) to (y) and add (ing).
Example: die / dying

3. If the simple form has one syllable and ends in one consonant after one vowel, double the
last consonant (except x) and add (ing).
Example: get / getting
Note: The letters w and y at the end of a word are considered vowels, not consonants.

4. If the simple form ends in an accented syllable, with one final consonant after one vowel,
double the consonant and add (ing)
Example: begin / beginning
Note:
If theinlast
is not you
accented,
just
add (ing).
*To write
Pastsyllable
progressive
have to
change
verb to be in past. am and is to was and are
to were.

Example: happen / happening

Example: She was swimming in the pool.

5. For all other verbs add (ing) to the simple form.
Example: walk /walking

was
are were

Simple Past Tense

Ana prepared the dinner. (regular verb)

Ana wrote a recipe.

(irregular verb)

Ana didnt prepare the dinner

Ana didnt write a recipe.
Did Ana prepare the dinner?

Yes, she did. No, she didnt.

Ana and her sister prepared the dinner.

Ana and her sister wrote a recipe.

Ana and her sister didnt prepare the dinner.

Ana and her sister didnt write a recipe.
Did Ana and her sister prepared the dinner?

Yes, they did. - No, they didnt.

Regular and Irregular verbs

The irregular verbs are those verbs which change almost
completely when they are in the simple past tense.
Example:

present past

Teach

taught

Remember the Past Tense of the

verb be:
Am

was

Is

was

Are

were

Example:
He is an excellent sport man.

The regular verbs are those which take an (ed) when they are
in past tense.

He was an excellent sport man.

Contractions

Example:

present past
Was not -- wasnt
Were not -- werent
Call

called

Spelling Rules for (ed) endings of regular verbs

1. If the simple form of a verb ends in (y) after a consonant, change the (y) to ( i )
and add (ed).
Example: try / tried
2. If the simple form of a verb of one syllable ends in one consonant after a
vowel, double the last consonant (except x) and add (ed).
Example: plan / planned
Note: The letters w and y at the end of words are vowels, not consonants.
3. If the simple form of a verb ends in an accented syllable with one final
consonant after a vowel, double the last consonant.
Example: permit / permitted
4. If the simple form of a verb ends in (e) add only (d).
Example: change / changed
5. Add (ed) to the simple form of all other regular verbs.
Example: want / wanted

Present Perfect past perfect tense

Subject + auxiliary (has, have) + participle form of the verb + complements.
I

She

have

He

havent

It

had

lived in Costa Rica for ten years.

You
We

has

They

hasnt

had

Have you lived in Costa Rica?

Yes, I have. - No, I havent

Has she lived in Costa Rica?

Yes, she has - No, she hasnt

Future: going to / will

am going to the park.

am not
She
He

is going to the park.

It

isnt

Is she going to the park? Yes, she is. No, she isnt.

You
We

are going to the park

They

arent

Will

I
She
He
It
Will go to visit the Chrrip Mountain.
You

wont go to visit the ChirriMountain.

We
They
Will they go to visit the ChirripMountain? Yes, they will. No, they wont.