Chem 26.

1 pq, Group
2015
Groupmates: Ibaez, Glaiza
2015
Olsim, Charlene Mae

Date Performed: January 27,

Date Submitted: January 28,

EXPERIMENT 2
Determination of Weight Variations and Application of Statistical Tools
Del Rosario, Lorraine Joyce M.
College of Science
University of the Philippines Baguio
I.
II.
III.

Introduction

The purpose of this experiment is, first

and foremost, to familiarize the students
with the operation of the analytical
balance.
IV.
V.
Because all analytical determinations are
(directly or indirectly) based on the
measurement of mass, learning the
correct balance technique is vital to the
success of experiments. Additionally,
the analytical balance will be used to
demonstrate the need to dry samples
and standards prior to analysis.
VI.
VII. The ability to determine mass accurately
is fundamental not only to analytical
chemistry but also to all of modern
science. Practically speaking, all
measurements which shall be used to
perform in this course relate either
directly or indirectly to a weighing
using the single pan analytical balance.
This is a delicate and precise instrument
which, if kept scrupulously clean and
handled correctly, will continue to yield
reliable data during the course of its
usage. It is therefore imperative that
students should become rapidly
acquainted with the balance and that
they gain assurance as to the correctness
of
VIII. Their equipment and technique before
proceeding with other experiments
IX.
X.
Materials and Methods
XI.

XII.
In the experiment, the materials that were
used were a UV-Vis Spectrometer, a 50-ml
Volumetric flask, a 100-ml Volumetric flask, 150-ml
beakers, 10-ml measuring pipets, soft tissue paper, an
analytic balance, stirring rods, technical acetone, an
unknown sample, concentrated NH3(AR), and
Cu(NO3)2.2,5H2O (AR).
XIII.
XIV.
The first set of steps to be done are
concerned with the preparation of the standard
solutions which are 10 to 50 ppm Cu(II) solutions. A
stock solution was first prepared by dissolving
0.0915 g Cu(NO3)2.2.5H2O in a minimum amount
of water in a 50-ml beaker before transferring the
mixture to a 100-ml Volumetric flask. The beaker was
washed repeatedly with distilled water and the
washings were used to dilute the Cu(II) solution to
mark. Next, portions of the stock solution were
transferred to five 100-ml Volumetric flask in
different volumes, as listed on Table 1, and a sixth
flask was left empty to be the blank solution.
XV.
XVI.
Each of the standard solutions were
introduced to 2.00 ml of concentrated NH4OH
solution then diluted to mark with distilled water and
shaken to mix.
XVII.
XVIII. To prepare the unknown solution, 0.3 g of
the unknown sample was completely dissolved in a
50 ml beaker using 20 ml of water. The unknown
solution was transferred to a 100 ml Volumetric flask
and 2.00 ml of concentrated NH4OH was added. This
solution was diluted up to the mark with the distilled
water washings from the 50 ml beaker and was
shaken well before use.
XIX.

XX.
The 50 ppm solution prepared from the
standard solutions was poured into a cuvette and its
absorbance was measured in increments of 20 nm
from 500 to 700. The blank solution was also poured
into a cuvette and was used to zero the instrument.
The gathered data was plotted in a graph with the
absorbance as the coordinate and the wavelength at
the abscissa. The analytical wavelength or the
wavelength at which the solution absorbs strongly for
the analysis was determined from the resulting curve.
XXI.
XXII. The calibration curve was prepared by
measuring the absorbance of the solutions prepared in
steps A and B at the analytical wavelength obtained
in step C. Three absorbance readings were made for
the unknown sample. The absorbance versus
conentration of the standard solutions were plotted.
The slope and the y-intercept for the obtained
calibration curve was determined using the least
squares method.
XXIII.
XXIV. The Cu(II) concentration of the unknown

solution was determined from the equation obtained

in Step D. The absorbance readings obtained were
plotted for the unknown solution in the graph
obtained in step D. The best straight line was drawn
through the data points the the concentration values
were read from the graph that correspond to the 3
absorbance readings of the unknown. The average
ppm of Cu in the unknown sample was reported and
compared with the value determined using the least
squares method.
XXV.
XXVI. Results and Discussion
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX. Summary
XXXI.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV. References

XXXV.