UNI

Ingls I

Ol Aluno,
Para que voc possa organizar seu estudo, importante que saiba que esta disciplina, Ingls
I, est dividida da seguinte forma:

UNIDADE I. TEXT INTERPRETATION____________________________________________ 3

EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 3
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 3

UNIDADE II. TEXT 2 ___________________________________________________________ 3

EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 3
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 3

UNIDADE III. TEXT 3 __________________________________________________________ 3

EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 3
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 4

UNIDADE IV. TEXT 4 ___________________________________________________________ 4

EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 4
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 4

UNIDADE V. TEXT 5 ___________________________________________________________ 4

EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 4
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 4

UNIDADE VI. ARTIGOS_________________________________________________________ 5

SEO VI.1. O ARTIGO INDEFINIDO - UM, UMA _____________________________________ 6
EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 6
GABARITOS _______________________________________________________________________ 7

UNIDADE VII. TEMPOS VERBAIS _______________________________________________ 7

SEO VII.1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ______________________________________________ 7
SEO VII.2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE __________________________________________________ 7
SEO VII.3. SIMPLE FUTURE(Futuro do Presente) ____________________________________ 7
SEO VII.4. IMMEDIATE FUTURE _________________________________________________ 7
SEO VII.5. CONDITIONAL(Futuro do Pretrito) ______________________________________ 7
SEO VII.6. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE ________________________________________ 8
SEO VII.7. PAST CONTINUOUS ___________________________________________________ 8
SEO VII.8. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE _________________________________________ 8
SEO VII.9. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS __________________________________________ 8
SEO VII.10. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ___________________________________________ 9
SEO VII.11. PAST PERFECT ______________________________________________________ 9
SEO VII.12. FUTURE PERFECT ___________________________________________________ 9

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Ingls I

UNI

SEO VII.13. CONDITIONAL PERFECT TENSE ______________________________________ 9

SEO VII.14. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS ____________________________________ 9
SEO VII.15. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ________________________________________ 9
SEO VII.16. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS _____________________________________ 9
SEO VII.17. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS TENSE __________________________________ 9
EXERCCIOS ______________________________________________________________________ 9
GABARITOS ______________________________________________________________________ 10

UNIDADE VIII. OS PRONOMES PESSOAIS_______________________________________ 10

SEO VIII.1. PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS ___________________________________________ 10
SEO VIII.2. PRONOMES E ADJETIVOS POSSESSIVOS _____________________________ 11
SEO VIII.3. O CASO POSSESSIVO ('S) _____________________________________________ 11
EXERCCIOS _____________________________________________________________________ 12
GABARITOS ______________________________________________________________________ 12

UNIDADE IX. VERBOS ANMALOS _____________________________________________ 12

EXERCCIOS _____________________________________________________________________ 12
GABARITOS ______________________________________________________________________ 12

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UNI

Ingls I

Ol! Eu sou o professor UNI e vou

ajudar voc a entender toda a
matria! Vamos comear? Bem, voc
est comeando a estudar a disciplina de Ingls I! Nas primeiras 5 Unidades teremos apenas interpretao de texto.
So 5 textos que trabalharemos. Em seguida
voc far exerccios para que verifique a sua
aprendizagem, relendo os contedos quando
necessrio, e verificando suas respostas no gabarito.

UNIDADE I. TEXT INTERPRETATION

There is a story about President John Kennedy
of the United States and President Adolfo Lopez Mateos of Mexico. They were in Mexico, riding in a car.
President Kennedy looked at President Lopezs watch
and he said: you have a beautiful watch. President
Lopez then took his watch, and gave it to President
Kennedy as a gift. President Kennedy said: No, you
shoudnt do that. President Lopes said: In my country if somebody really likes something, we give it to
them. It is a custom. President Kennedy was happy.
A little while later, President Lopes said to President
Kennedy: My, what a beautiful wife you have !.
Some helpful words

riding = andando ( rodando ); took = tirou; as =
como; gift = presente; shouldnt = no devia;
custom = costume, hbito; little while = um pouco depois; later = depois.
EXERCCIOS
1. De acordo com o texto, qual a alternative correta:
a) President Kennedy was not in Mexico with its
President.
b) In the USA if a visitor likes something, people
give it to him.
c) President Lopez liked President Kennedys wife.
d) President Kennedy immediately accepted President Lopezs watch.
2. De acordo com o texto, qual a alternative correta:
a) Riding (3) can be correctly replaced by
traveling.
b) My (9) refers to President Kennedys country.
c) A little while later (11) is not the same as
after some time.
3. De acordo com o texto, qual a alternative correta:
a) Story (1) is the same as history.
b) Watch (5) is the present tense of a verb.
c) Took (6) is not the past form of take.
d) Custom (10) is related to tradition.
GABARITOS
1. C / 2. A / 3. D.

UNIDADE II. TEXT 2

What will be the future?
As the year 2000 gets closer, we hear many
profecies about the future.

Some say that the future will be like a heaven: machines will do all of our work; we will be able
to travel from New York to Paris in one hour, the
world will have one government; there will be no war.
Others say that the future will be like a hell: there will
be too many people, there will not be enough food,
we will explode the world with our bombs.
Some helpful words

as = a medida que; gets closer = se aproxima;;to get closer = aproximar; like = como;
hear = ouvimos; machines = mquinas; all of =
todo; be able to = poder; travel = viajar; others
= outros; hell = inferno; there will be = haver;
too many = demais; enough = bastante, suficiente
EXERCCIOS
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)

De acordo com o texto, qual a alternative correta:

We are not getting near the 21 century.
Most people say that future will just be like heaven.
Some people think that many people will get
hungry.
For some, wars will come to an end.
The distance between Paris and New York will
become shorter.
Qual a alternativa correta:
gets (2) is a plural form.
closer (2) is a comparative form.
some (4) is the opposite of a few.
like (4) is the opposite of hate.

GABARITOS
1. D / 2. B.

UNIDADE III. TEXT 3

Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted
by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the
crowd assembled in the auction-room to make
offers, or bids, for the various items on sale. He
encorauges buyers to bid high figures, and finally
names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.
This is called knocking down the goods, for the
bidding ends when the auctionner bangs a small
hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often
set on a raised platform called a rostrum.
Some helpful words
1. auction = leilo
2. sales = vendas
3. goods = mercadorias
4. officially = oficialmente
5. approved = aprovado
6. crowd = multido
7. bids = lances
8. high figures = lances altos
9. knocking down = bater ( o martelo )
10. bangs = bater
11. hammer = martelo
12. raised = elevada
13. rostrum = tribuna
EXERCCIOS
1.

Qual a alternative que explica o que podemos

concluir do texto:

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a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

UNI

Ingls I

the text has not been written in the present

tense.
on sale means to be sold.
the word crowd forms its plural by adding nothing.
the auctioneer is the subject of the verb encourages.
an is an example of a definite article.
De acordo com o texto, qual a alternativa verdadeira:
sellers is not the opposite of buyers.
the word goods refers to the various items on
sale.
often means seldom.
the auctioneer remains in silent during the bidding.
names is not a plural form.

GABARITOS
1. B / 2. B.

UNIDADE IV. TEXT 4

The United States belive that we must increase productivity in the third world, but in doing
so, we must not lose sight of our mission of raising
the standard of living of the poor people in these
countries. The means for helping the poor is to increase productivity of all sectors of a society. The
United States believe that the less developed countries (LDCs) need outside help, but the question is
more than resource transfers. (LDCs) can often do a
lot of themselves by changing their policies.
EXERCCIOS
1. De acordo com o texto:
a) There is not disagreement on the end goal of
development in LDCs.
b) The United States believe increased productivity
and a better standard of living are imcompatible.
c) There is not a lot LDCs could do to help their
own development.
d) The major purpose of developement os increased productivity should be to improve the
lives of the poor.
e) Increased production automatically means an
improved standard of living.
2. Em referncia ao texto:
a) Third world and LDCs are not used refer to the
same thing.
b) End goal means the desired conclusion of.
c) All sectors of a society means all religious
groups in a country.
d) Outside help doesnt mean assistence originating from foreign sources.
e) Productivity means those things produced.
3. Em referncia ao texto:
a) means is the third person singular of the verb to
mean.
b) so refers to increasing productivity.
c) helping is a gerund.
d) themselves refers to the United States.
e) policies is the plural form of polocie.
GABARITOS

UNIDADE V. TEXT 5
GLOBAL WARMING
The situation: There is growing evidence that
the Earth is warming because of carbon dioxide (and
to a lesser extent methane) in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is released when fossil fuels, for example,
petroleum and coal fuels from once-living beings
are burned. Rice fields and livestock are significant
sources of methane.
The danger: Rising temperatures could melt
polar ice caps, raise sea levels and submerge coastal
areas. They also could disrupt agriculture and ecosystems, resulting in desertification and famine.
What we can do: Reduce carbon dioxide
emissions by developing alternative energy sources
such as solar power and wind energy to replace fossil
fuels. Cut automotive emissions of carbon dioxide by
developing more efficient engines and encouraging
other means of transportation, including mass transit.
Vocabulary:
Growing crescendo; Warning alarmando; Release Liberar; Coal carvo; Melt derreter; Ice
cap - calota polar; Sources fonts; Disrupt romper; Rising elevao; Famine fome; Widespread espalhado.
EXERCCIOS
1. De acordo com o texto:
0.( ) Petroleum is an environment-safe source of
energy.
1.( ) Methane is even more dangerous to the environment than carbon dioxide.
2.( ) Great amounts of carton dioxide in the atmosphere could lead to higher sea levels.
3.( ) Global high temperatures can bring about
hunger in the world.
4.( ) "What we can do" - "can" is a modal verb
for permission.
2. De acordo com o texto e com a gramtica, qual a
alternativa correta:
0.( ) Carbon dioxide has no effect on good land.
1.( ) The widespread use of solar and wind energy
has caused an increase in the world temperature.
2.( ) Solar power and wind energy are as pollutant
as burning fossil fuels.
3.( ) If more efficient engines were created, automotive emissions of carbon dioxide could
be reduced.
4.( ) "are burned"
this sentence is not in passive voice.
GABARITOS
1. 3 / 2. 3.
Terminamos de trabalhar com os textos nas
Unidades I a V! Agora continuaremos nosso
estudo nas Unidades VI e VII com Artigos e
Tempos Verbais, respectivamente. No se
esquea de fazer os exerccios!

1. D / 2. B / 3. B.

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UNI

Ingls I

UNIDADE VI. ARTIGOS

O Artigo Definido O, A, Os, As
Regra Geral
Quando o substantivo usado em sentido genrico, omite-se o artigo.
Children like toys.
As crianas gostam de brinquedos.
Brazilians love football.
Os Brasileiros amam o futebol.
Porm, quando o substantivo contvel e est
sendo usado em sentido genrico, no singular emprega-se o artigo. Os substantivos contveis (countable nouns) so aqueles que admitem plural, ou
seja, a maioria.
Os substantivos no-contvais (uncountable nouns) so os que, em ingls (s vezes, tambm
em portugus), no admitem plural.
Ex.: Gold - Information - Money - Advice.
The cat is a domestic animal.
O gato um animal domstico.
Cats are domestic animals.
Os gatos so animais domsticos.
Veja que o artigo omitido apenas no plural.
No singular, no!
Quando o substantivo usado em sentido especifico, emprega-se o artigo.
The clidren that are studying...
As crianas que esto estudando.
Observe que a pessoa que fala no est se referindo as crianas e brasileiros em geral, mas em
determinadas crianas e determinados brasileiros.
1. Regra:
Nunca se usa um artigo antes de nomes prprios pessoais e de possessivos.
Peter is my friend.
(O) Peter meu amigo.
Jane is a pretty girl.
(A) Jane uma bela moa.

Convm lembrar que sobrenomes, referindo-se a
uma famlia especfica, emprega-se o artigo.
The Simpsons went to the restaurant.
Os Simpson foram ao restaurante.
The Kennedys are a famous family.
Os Kennedys so uma famlia famosa.
2. Regra:
Embora ttulos (presidente, rainha, governador,
doutor, general, capito, bispo, etc.) levem o artigo,
como em portugus, devem ser usado sem artigo
quando acompanhado de nomes prprio.
The president came to our city.
O presidente veio a nossa cidade.
Mas:
President Kennedy was assassinated.
O presidente Kennedy foi assassinado.
3. Regra:
Reforando a regra bsica do genricoespecfico, lembremos que o artigo definido deve ser
omitido antes de substantivos que denotam esportes, cincias, cores, refeies, estaes do ano,
meses, dia da semana e substantivos abstratos
em sentido genrico.
Em portugus, normalmente emprega-se o artigo definido nesses casos.

Biology is an important science.

A biologia uma importante cincia.
Red is Jane's favorite color.
O vermelho a cor favorita de Janes.
Mas:
The blue of her eyes.
O azul dos olhos dela.
The lunch she offered us.
O almoo que ela nos ofereceu.
Observe que nesse ltimo grupo de exemplos
os substantivos destacados so empregados em sentido especfico.
4. Regra:
Omite-se tambm o artigo definido antes de
nomes de cidades, estados, ilhas, pases, continentes.
Rio is a beautiful city.
O Rio uma cidade linda.
France is famous for its wines.
A Frana famosa por seus vinhos.
Excees:
The United States (os Estados Unidos)
The United Kingdom (o Reino Unido)
The Netherlands (os Pases Baixos)
The Dominican Republic (a Repblica Dominicana)
Ainda existem outros, porem de menor importncia. Por que emprega-se o artigo? Voc deve ter
percebido que so nomes compostos, inclusive The
Netherlands que formado por Nether (mais baixo) e Lands (Terras).
Observaes: Convm citar alguns
nomes compostos com os quais no
se usa o artigo: Saudi Arabia (Arbia
Saudita) South Africa (frica do Sul), North
Korea (Coria do Norte), South Korea (Coria do Sul).
Grave tambm: The azores (os Aores),
the Bahamas (as Bahamas), the Philippines (as Filipinas).

Lembre-se que estamos enfatizando os casos que o ingls difere do

portugus. Portanto, acidentes
geogrficos (montanhas, rios, mares, oceanos etc.) levam o artigo em ingls, da
mesma forma que em portugus.
the Andes (os Andes)
the Alps (os Alpes)
the Atlantic (o Atlntico)
the Amazon (o Amazonas)
the Gulf of Mexico (o Golfo do Mxico)
the Mediterranean (o Mediterrneo)
Lagos, porm, exceo:
Lake Victoria (o lago Vitria)
Lake Titicaca (o lago Titicaca)
Lake Michigan (o lago Michigam)
5. Regra:
Omite-se o artigo definido antes das palavras
Church (igreja), school (escola), bed (cama), prison (priso), principalmente quando usadas com o

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Ingls I

verbo to go (ir) e a preposio in (em). Sempre?...

No! Apenas quando esses locais estiverem sendo
usados para a finalidade qual normalmente se destinam.
My children go to school in the morning.
Meus filhos vo para a escola de manh. (so
alunos, vo estudar)
I have to go the school to speak to the principal.
(no como aluno)
Eu tenho que ir para escola para falar com o diretor.
6. Regra:
Ao contrrio do que ocorre em portugus, obrigatrio o emprego de artigo definido antes de instrumento musicais precedidos de verbos como to
like (gostar), to learn (aprender) e, principalmente,
to play (tocar).
Caroline plays the piano well.
Carolina toca piano bem.
Henry is learning the guitar.
Henry esta aprendendo violo.
7. Regra:
Quando o artigo definido empregado antes de
adjetivos substantivos, significa que estes esto no
plural.
The blind (os cegos)
The poor (os pobres)
The powerful (os poderosos)
The rich and the poor (os ricos e os pobres)
Como proceder, ento, para o singular? Como dizer o rico, o pobre, o cego, a cega, o poderoso etc.?
The rich man helped the poor man.
O rico ajudou o pobre.
I gave (some) money to the blind woman.
Eu dei dinheiro (mulher) cega.
SEO VI.1. O ARTIGO INDEFINIDO - UM, UMA

a ( um, uma ) - Antes de substantivo com som de
consoantes.
a man a house a university
a pencil a year a story

an ( um, uma ) - Antes de subst. com som de
vogais
an egg an evening an honest man
an arm an hour an opera
obrigatrio o emprego de um artigo indefinido antes de substantivos que denotam profisso.
Helen is a teacher and her husband is an engineer.
Helen professora e seu marido engenheiro.
Michael wants to be a doctor.
Michael quer ser mdico.
Emprega-se o artigo indefinido antes de substantivos que denotam religio e nacionalidade.
Porm, quando a mesma palavra usada como adjetivo, o artigo no pode ser usado.
Peter is a devolt Catholic.
Peter um catlico fervoroso.
His wife is Jewish.
Sua esposa judia.
Who won the race?
It was a German.
Takeshi is Japanese.
Takeshi japons.

UNI

Depois da preposio with (com) e without

(sem), seguida de substantivo concreto, tambm
necessrio o artigo indefinido.
Jane prefers to write with a pencil.
Jane prefere escrever com lpis.
Charles likes to work without a coat.
Charles gosta de trabalhar sem palet.
obrigatrio o emprego do artigo indefinido
depois das palavras what (que), such (tal, tais) e
half (meio, meia), precedendo substantivo contveis.
What a nice day!
Que dia bonito!
I've never seen such a big animal.
Nunca vi um animal to grande.
Mas
What nice furniture you have! (furniture = no
contvel)
Que moblia bonita voc tem!
Ann has such patience with kids! (patience = no
contvel)
Ann tem tanta pacincia com crianas.
O artigo indefinido tambm usado com sentido de por em expresses, tais como: preo por quilo,
km por hora, vezes por dia etc.
Rice costs one dollar a killo.
Arroz custa um dlar por quilo.
In the USA gasoline costs one dollar a gallon.
Nos EUA, a gasolina custa um dlar por galo.
O artigo indefinido tambm usado em expresses idiomticas, tais como:
Many a time (muitas vezes)
All of a sudden (subitamente, de repente)
as a rule (normalmente, de regra geral)
in a hurry (com pressa, apressadamente)
as a matter of fact (de fato, na realidade)
one at a time (um, uma de cada vez).
Cabe salientar, finalmente, que o artigo indefinido no deve ser usado antes de substantivos nocontaveis, embora ns o faamos em portugus.
Nesses casos, o ingls usa muitas vezes some (algum, alguns, alguma, algumas, uns, umas).
Let me give you some advice.
Permita-me dar-lhe uns conselhos.
Can you lend me some money?
Voc pode emprestar-me um dinheiro?
Quando queremos enfatizar que se trata de um
ou uma, no dois (duas) ou mais, usamos o numeral
one.
I asked for one bottle of wine, not two!
Eu pedi uma garrafa de vinho, no duas!
Tambm usamos o numeral one em expresses
idiomticas, como one day (um certo dia).
Then one day he said to me...
Ento um (certo) dia ele me disse...
EXERCCIOS
1. Assinale a alternativa que corresponde seqncia
que completa as lacunas a seguir:
_______ indian the ecologist saw, started _______
horrible fire because of _______ ordinary yellow bird
_______ flew over his head.
a. a; the; a ; who
b. an; the; a; whose
c. the; a; an; which
d. the; na; a; whom

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UNI

Ingls I

e. a; an; a; which
2. Marque a opo na qual se inclui um uso inadequado do artigo em ingls:
a. a watch; an apple; an orange
b. an umbrella; a real effort; a year
c. a small plane; an idea; a whale
d. a one-man show; an university; a private investigator
e. an egg; an uncle; a book.
GABARITOS
1. C / 2. D.

UNIDADE VII. TEMPOS VERBAIS

SEO VII.1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
O Presente Simples usado para expressar
aes habituais verdades permanentes.
Formao:
obtido do infinitivo sem a partcula TO para
todas as pessoas, exceo feita 3 pessoa do singular, que dever receber:
um S:
Ex.: I love she loves / we look - he looks
Se o verbo terminar em:
S, SH, CH, X, Z e O acrescentamos ES para he,
she, it.
Ex.:
I kiss
She kisses
I wash
She washes
I fix
She fixes
Y precedido de consoante trocamos Y por I e
acrescentamos ES.
Ex.:
I study she studies / they fly he flies
I fry / she fries.
Y precedido de vogal Y + s.
Ex.:
I play he plays / we say she says
I stay / he stays
Advrbios ou locues adverbiais usadas no Simple Present (estas expresses indicam hbito, rotina):

always, never, seldom, rarely, often, frequently,
generally, usually, sometimes

every (day, week, year, month...)

(once, twice, three times...) a (day, week,
month...)

on (Monday, Tuesday...)
Verbos auxiliares do Simple Present DO (I,
you, we, they) e DOES (ne, she, it)
SEO VII.2. SIMPLE PAST TENSE
I Verbo Regular aquele que forma o Passado
e o Particpio Passado recebendo
Um D, quando terminar em E.
Ex.: to love loved loved
to like liked liked
Um ED, (REGRA GERAL)
Ex.:
To wash washed washed
To play played played
To enter entered entered
To kiss kissed kissed
Um IED no lugar de Y (Quando terminar em Y,
precedido de consoante)
Ex.:

To study studied studied

To cry cried cried
Compare:
To play played played
To obey obeyed obeyed
Nota:
Verbos oxtonos, terminados em consoante,
dobram a consoante final antes de receber o sufixo
ED.
Ex.: To prefer preferred preferred
To admit admitted - admitted
II Verbo Irregular No segue regra a de formao do Passado e Particpio Passado, devendo ser
memorizado.
Ex.:
INFINIT

PAST

To buy
To fly
To see

Bought
Flew
Saw

PAST PART

Bought
Flown
Seen

III Usos - Aes Totalmente Concludas

Ex.:
He died in 1979.
Ao passada, com tempo definido de quando
ocorreu; por isso usado com as expresses:
YESTERDAY / LAST + exp. de tempo +
AGO.
Ex.:
She came here yesterday.
It happened tree days ago.
SEO VII.3. SIMPLE FUTURE(Futuro do
Presente)
Forma Geral: (WILL + VERBO) pode-se usar
SHALL, apenas para I e WE.
Ex.:
I will see tomorrow.
She will come back home.
Uso:
Para indicar aes que ocorrero no futuro;
por isso, usado com as expresses: TOMORROW /
NEXT + exp. de tempo /THE FOLLOWING +exp. de
tempo /IN/ WITHIN +exp. de tempo / THE DAY AFTER / TONIGHT / SOON.
Ex.:
I will return the money next week.
The workers will finish the painting within two
months.
SEO VII.4. IMMEDIATE FUTURE
Forma Bsica: am
is
Going To + Verbo
are
Ex.:
They are going to get married in a few days.
I am going to discuss it with the boss right
now.
It is going to rain pretty soon.
Nota:
A diferena bsica entre o simple future e o
immediate future que este ltimo expressa um
futuro mais imediato, com maior determinao.
SEO VII.5. CONDITIONAL(Futuro do
Pretrito)

WOULD + VERB
Ex.:

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Ingls I

a. I would like to go with the soccer team.

b. She would answer your phone call.
c. We would help those poor kids
Uso: Para expressar ao que ocorreria sob certas
condies.
SEO VII.6. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Forma:
AM
ARE
+
(VERB + ING)
IS
Ex.:
a. I am doing my best.
b. It is snowing heavily.
Usos:

Ao ocorrendo agora (com NOW, AT, THIS MOMENT, NOWADAYS, AT PRESENT)
Ex.: She is studying now.

Futuro com verbos de movimento.
Ex.: we are travelling to Cear next week.

Quando a frase comea com uma ordem (VERBO!), usa-se o Present Continuos.
Ex.: (Look! / Listen! / See!) + Present Continuos
look! The bus is stopping.
A Forma ING A forma ING de um verbo obtida
do infinitivo, sem a partcula TO, acrescentando-se a
terminao ING.

Verbos terminados em um s E perdem o E
final. (Exceto o verbo TO BE)
Ex.: to live living / to have having / to be being

Verbos terminados em EE no sofrem alteraes.
Ex.: to flee fleeing / to agree agreeing

Verbos terminados em Y no sofrem alteraes.
Ex.: to study studying /to play playing

Verbos terminados em IE, muda-se o IE para Y.
Ex.: to die dying

Verbos monossilbicos ou verbos oxtonos de
duas ou mais slabas, terminados em CVC, dobram a consoante final.
Ex.: to begin beginning / to stop stopping

Os verbos no oxtonos, terminados na estrutura
CVC, no dobram a consoante final.
Ex.: to open opening / to visit visiting
Para facilitar aos alunos que no tm grande
conhecimento da lngua inglesa, colocamos a seguir
duas listas de verbos com estrutura CVC.
Verbos oxtonos com a estrutura CVC (CVC =
Consoante Vogal Consoante).
(Dobram a consoante final antes de se acrescentar ING)
to admit
to emit
to omit
to commit
to permit
to trasmit
to confer
to prefer
to refer
to occur
to control
to regret
Verbos no oxtonos na estrutura CVC
(NO DOBRAM a consoante final)
to enter
to abandon
to develop
to open
to offer
to visit
to listen

UNI

Os seguintes verbos no so normalmente usados no Present Continuos:

To see, to hear, to smell, to taste, to notice, to
understand, to remeber, to forget, to know, to
believe, to listen, to think, to like, to want.
Ao invs do Present Continuos usa-se, neste
caso, o Simple Present ou CAN, seguido infinitivo sem
TO.
Ex.:
He understands what you are saying.
I can see you now.
E no:
He is understanding what you are saying.
Im seeing you now.
Ateno:
A forma
VERBO + ING
nos Continuos
Tenses chamada de PRESENT PARTICIPLE!


SEO VII.7. PAST CONTINUOUS

Forma:

WAS / WERE + VERB ING
Ex.:
Mary was dancing with me.
They were trying to help.
Uso:

Past Continuos usado para indicar uma atividade
ou situao que estava se desenvolvendo no passado
(quando outra ao a interrompeu). A orao que
expressa essa interrupo tem o verbo no Simple
Past. As seguintes conjunes so normalmente usadas paar ligar essa duas oraes: as, just as, when,
while.
Ex.:
a. The gas stove was burnning when the young
wife went upstairs to take a bath.
b. While she was cooking dinner she heard footsteps coming to the back door.
Nota: Usa-se o PAST Continuos nas duas oraes
quando as atividades ou situaes esto se desenvolvendo ao mesmo tempo. Isto , so simultneas.
Ex.:
While she was putting her foot in the water, the
gas stove was burnung.
SEO VII.8. FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
Forma Bsica:
{ (WILL BE) + (VERBO + ING)}
a. It will be raining the moment we get there.
b. I will be studying in Rio next summer.
c. We will be waiting at the front gate.
Uso:
Para expressar ao que estar em andamento num tempo futuro. usado com: TOMORROW
/ NEXT + exp. De tempo / THE FOLLOWING + exp.
De tempo.
SEO VII.9. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
Forma bsica :
{(WOULD BE) + (VERBO + ING)}
a. The machine would be operating very well.
b. I would be waiting for you at the airport.
c. They would be sleeping by this time.
Uso:
Para expressar ao que estaria em andamento sob certas condies.
Negative Form of the Continuous Tense

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UNI

S vale para os tempos contnuos. Basta colocar NOT aps o TO BE (no present e no past),
ou aps will ou would (no future e no conditional).
Interrogative Form of the Continuous
Basta colocar o TO BE (no present e past) ou
WILL ou WOULD (no future e no conditional),
antes do sujeito.
SEO VII.10. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Forma Bsica:
{(HAVE / HAS) + PART. PASSADO}
Uso:
a. Para expressar aes ou acontecimentos passados, quando o momento da ocorrncia no estiver definido.
Ex.:
We have gone to the theater.
Compare: We went to the teacher last week.
b. Para expressar uma ao que teve incio no passado e que se prolonga at o presente. Neste caso, com SINCE (desce) e FOR (por, h) indicando, respectivamente, o incio e a durao da ao
ou acontecimento.
Ex.:
I have worked here since 1998.
I have worked here for eight years.
c. Com RECENTLY, LATELY, ONCE, TWICE, SEVERAL
TIMES, MANY TIMES e qualquer expresso de
tempo no definido, como TODAY, THIS WEEK,
etc. (No indicam quando ocorreu).
Ex.: We havent smoked lately.
They have traveled many times.
d. Com os advrbios JUST (acabar de...), ALWAYS
(sempre), NEVER (nunca), EVER (j), YET ( j,
ainda), ALREADY (j, alguma vez):
Ex.:
They have just left home.
Morgan has always lived is this house.
I have never slept like this before.
Have you ever been to Bahia?
She has already cleaned the floor.
SEO VII.11. PAST PERFECT
Forma Bsica:
{HAD + PART. PASSADO}
They had opened the windows.
It had worked perfectly.
O Past Perfect usado par expressar uma o
ou acontecimento que ocorreu antes de outra ao no
passado.
Ex.: By the time we got ther they had already left.
Ao posterior = we got there (S. Past)
Ao anterior = they had already left (When
introduz a orao do simple past.
SEO VII.12. FUTURE PERFECT
Forma Bsica:
[WILL HAVE + PAST PART.]
a. by the end of the year I will have finished
this course.
b. Mary will have typed all the reports.
Uso:
Para expressar ao que ter ocorrido num
tempo futuro.
SEO VII.13. CONDITIONAL PERFECT TENSE
Forma Bsica:
[WOULD HAVE + PAST PART.]

Ingls I

a.
b.

I would have brought the papers.

Helen would have talked to the manager.

Uso:
Para expressar ao que teria ocorrido sob
certas condies.
SEO VII.14. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
{(have/has + been + part. Pas)}
Ex.:
a) Ive been studying for hours
b) Its been raining very hard
Emprego: expressa ao que tem estado correndo.
SEO VII.15. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
a) she had been drink too much.
b) We had been talking a lot.
Emprego: expressa ao que tinha estado ocorrendo
SEO VII.16. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
[will have + been + part. Past]
Ex.:
a) Ill have been living here for a long time.
b) Ill have been working for ten hours on end.
Emprego: expressa ao que ter estado correndo.
SEO VII.17. CONDITIONAL CONTINUOUS
TENSE
[would have + been + part. Pas]
Exemplos:
a) Id have been waiting for you.
b) Hed been thinking endlessly.
Emprego: Expressa ao que teria estado ocorrendo,
sob certas condies.
USEFUL REMARK!!
A diferena bsica entre os Perfect Tenses e os
Perfect Continuous Tenses, que estes ltimos enfatizam a continuidade da ao, indicada pelo Present
Participle (verbo + ING).
EXERCCIOS
Complete with the correct form of the verb in
the Simple Present:
1. I _______________ to school in the afternoon
and my brother _______________ in the evening. (go)
a) goes goes
b) go go
c) goes go
d) go goes
2. They _______________ to the movies on Sundays, but I _______________ on Saturdays.
(go)
a) goes goes
b) goes go
c) go go
d) goes go
Put will (ll) or wont:
3. Dont drink coffee before you go to bed. You
__________ sleep.
a) Wont
b) Will
4. Are you ready yet? Not yet. I__________ be
ready in five minutes
a) Wont
b) Will

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5.

UNI

Ingls I

10
While I _______________ along the street. I
_______________ the bank-manager.

a) Walked met
b) I am walking have met
c) Was walking met
d) Had been walking meet
e) Had been walking meet
f) Walk was met
6. Which is the correct form?
a) Have ever you been in England
b) Has you ever been in England?
c) Have you ever been in England?
d) Have you been ever in England?
e) Have you ever be to England?
7. Up to now he _______ a lot of good comedies:
a) have seen
b) Will see
c) Has seen
d) Were seeing
e) Saw
GABARITOS
1. D / 2. C / 3. A / 4. B / 5. C / 6. C / 7. A.
Ol! Terminamos de trabalhar com
Artigos e Tempos Verbais nas Unidades VI e VII. Agora continuaremos
nosso estudo nas Unidades VIII e
IX: Os Pronomes Pessoais e Verbos Anmalos,
respectivamente. Em seguida voc far exerccios para que verifique a sua aprendizagem, relendo os contedos quando necessrio, e verificando suas respostas no gabarito.

UNIDADE VIII. OS PRONOMES PESSOAIS

Reconhecemos que, em uma seqncia tradicional, j deveramos ter falado ou estar falando dos
verbos ser e ter, fundamentais em qualquer idioma.
Mas chegaremos l. Afinal, voc diz: Eu sou, Ele ,
Ns temos... Vamos ento falar primeiramente dos
pronomes.
Particularidades
a. Pode ser cansativa a repetio de pronomes,
porm em ingls, todo verbo pede um sujeito expresso. No se admite sujeito oculto, salvo em
rarssimas excees e em linguagem muito informal. No caso de verbos impessoais, usa-se it.
They always blame me for everything that
goes wrong!
Sempre me culpam por tudo que acontece de
errado!
The Minister spoke. He promised a new package.
O ministro falou. Prometeu um novo pacote.
It is difficult to learn Chinese.
difcil aprender chins.
O mesmo sujeito pode servir para dois ou mais
verbos na mesma frase. Voltando ao segundo exemplo, poderamos dizer:
The Minister spoke and promised new package.
O ministro falou e prometeu um novo pacote.
b. Voc ter notado que, na terceira pessoa do
singular, o ingls tem trs gnero: masculino (he

- him), feminino (she - her) e neutro (it - it).

No plural, porem, no h diferenas de gnero:
they - them.
Que tal alguns exemplos para automatizar o
pronome?
Did you see Peter?
Yes. I saw him.
Does Fred love Susan?
Yes, he loves her.

c.

Caso reto (sujeito)

Subject pronoun
I
Eu
You
Voc, Tu
He
Ele
She
Ela
It
Ele, Ela (Neutro)
We
Ns
You
Vocs, Vs
They Eles, Elas(Neutro)

Caso oblquo (objeto)

Object pronoum
Me
Me, Mi
Lhe, O, A, Te, Ti, A Voc
You
Him
Lhe, A, A Ele
Her
Lhe, A, A Ela
It
Lhe, A, O
Us
Nos
You
Vos, Lhes, A Vocs
Them
Lhes, Os, As

SEO VIII.1. PRONOMES REFLEXIVOS

Ainda no liquidamos o assunto de pronomes,
pois faltam as formas reflexivas. A cada pronome
pessoal corresponde um pronome reflexivo.
Pronome
Pessoal
Personal
pronoun
I
You
He
She
It
We

Myself
Yourself
Himself
Herself
Itself
Ourselves

You

Yourselves

They

Themselves

Pronome reflexivo
Reflexive pronoun
a mim mesmo, -me
a ti, a voc mesmo(a), -te, -se
a si, a ele mesmo, -se
a si, a ela mesmo, -se
a si mesmo(a), -se
a ns mesmos(a), -nos
a vs, vocs mesmo(as), -vos, se
a si, a eles mesmo, a elas
mesmas, -se

Particularidades
a. Emprego do reflexivo, como reflexivo, menos
freqente em ingls do que em portugus.
Em portugus dizemos
Eu me lembro
Eles se reuniram naquela
sala.
Eles se beijaram e se separaram.
Ela se arrependeu.
Junte-se a ns!.
Eu me esqueci do que ele
disse.

b.

c.

Em ingls dizemos
I remember.
They met in that room.
They kissed and parted.
She repented (regretted).
Join us!
I forgot what he said.

obrigatrio o emprego do reflexivo em ingls

quando se trata, realmente, de ao reflexiva.
Helen hurt herself.
Helen se machucou.
Hitler killed himself.
Hitler se matou.
Reflexivo, em ingls, tambm empregado como enfatizante.
Tom painted the house himself.
O prprio Tom pintou a casa.
I did this myself!
Eu mesmo fiz isto!
They planned everything thenselves.
Eles prprios planejaram tudo.

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UNI
d.

Ingls I

Quando procedidos da preposio by, os reflexivos tm o mesmo sentido de sozinho, sozinha,

sozinhos, sozinhas. s vezes, a palavra all
colocada antes de by, servindo ento como enfatizante.
She was sitting there (all) by herself.
Ela estava sentada l sozinha.
Did you go to the movies by yourself?
Voc vai ao cinema sozinho?

SEO VIII.2. PRONOMES E ADJETIVOS

POSSESSIVOS
Possessive
adjectives

Possessive
pronouns

My

Mine

His
Her
Its

His
Hers
Its

Our

Ours

Your

Yours

Their

Theirs

Tradues
(o) meu, (a) minhas, (os)
meus, (as) minhas.
(o, a) dele, (os, as) dele
(o, a) dela, (os, as) dela
(o, a) dele, dela, (os, as) dele,
dela
(o) nosso, (os) nossos, (a)
nossa, (as) nossas
(o) vosso, (a) vossa, (a) vossos, (as) vossas
(o,a) deles, delas (os, as),
deles, delas

Nota:
1. As formas your / yours so as mesmas para o
singular e plural.
2. As formas de adjetivo e pronome possessivo para
a 3 pessoa do singular ( it e he ) tambm so idnticas.
3. exceo de mine, todos os pronomes possessivos terminam em S.
Possessivo Adjectives
a. Usados antes de substantivos
b. Referem-se ao possuidor e no coisa possuda.
Peter took his girlfriend and her mother to the
supermarket.
Possessive Pronoun
a. So usados para substituir um adjetivo possessivo + substantivo
b. Nunca antes de substantivos.
My book is different from your. (your book )
This car is faster than ours (our car)
RECIPROCIDADE EACH OTHER / ONE ANOTHER
Compare as frases abaixo:
Paul and Bill hurt themselves. (feriram-se: cada um
feriu a s prprio ) -> o pronome reflexivo enfatiza a
ao.
Paul and Bill hurt each other. ( feriram-se: um feriu
o outro e vice versa )
The players hurt one another. ( Os jogadores machucaram-se: uns aos outros )
EACH OTHER -> UM AO OUTRO -> SE -> H reciprocidade de ao entre DUAS pessoas.
Mary and Bob love each other.
ONE ANOTHER -> SE -> UNS AOS OUTROS -> H
reciprocidade entre mais de duas pessoas.
People all around the world should love one another.
SEO VIII.3. O CASO POSSESSIVO ('S)
O caso possessivo tpico da lngua inglesa.
Trata-se de colocar um apstrofo seguido do s aps o
nome do possuidor.

11

John's car (o carro de John)

Regra fundamental: O caso possessivo empregado quando o possuidor um ser animado (gente,
animais), e normalmente no se emprega quando o
possuidor um ser inanimado.
Com palavras que se referem a pessoas (ttulos, cargos etc.) e animais, o uso do 's prefervel, mas no
obrigatrio.
the President's wife (a mulher do presidente)
the manager's office (o escritrio do gerente)
Mas
the color of the car (a cor do carro)
the beauty of the city (a beleza da cidade)
Com nomes prprios obrigatrio o emprego do 's.
Paul's book (o livro de Paulo)
nunca the book of Paul.
Mary's father (o pai de Mary)
nunca the father of Mary
Quando se trata de uma dupla posse (dois
possuidores do mesmo objeto), acrescenta-se o 's
apenas ao segundo possuidor.
John and Alice's wedding.
o casa de John e Alice.
Dr Brown and his wife's house.
a casa do dr. Brown e de sua mulher.
Particularidades
Quando o possuidor animado estiver no plural
(terminado em s) ou for um nome prprio terminado
em s, basta acrescentar o apstrofo.
the boys' aunt (a tia dos garotos)
the birds' nest (os ninhos dos passarinhos)
Na maioria das expresses de tempo obrigatrio o uso do caso possessivo.
today's newspaper (o jornal de hoje)
nunca the newspaper today
last night's party (a festa de ontem a noite)
nunca the party of last night
No caso dos substantivos compostos acrescenta-se o 's ltima palavra.
my brother-in-law's house (a casa do meu cunhado)
the commander in chief's orders (as ordens do
comandante-chefe)
No se surpreenda ao encontrar um caso possessivo que no seguido de nada. Isso significa
que uma palavra ficou subentendida. Essa palavra pode ser house, shop, store, office ou
church.
I was at my uncle's. (uncle's house)
Eu estava na casa do meu tio.
He visited St Peter's in Rome. (St Peter's church)
Ele visitou a igreja de So Pedro em Roma.
Permite-se personalizar planetas, estrelas,
pases, oceanos etc. Atualmente, a tendncia
abranger mais e mais coisas, at seres realmente
inanimados e nada personalizveis.
the moon's surface. (a superficie da lua)
the sun's rays. (os raios do sol)
Brazil's foreign debt. (a divida externa do Brasil)
Para terminar, temos o duplo possessivo, ou
seja, alm do of (de, do, da) utiliza-se tambm o
's. Ocorre freqentemente com palavras como

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Ingls I

12

friend (amigo), enemy (inimigo), relative (parente), acquaintance (conhecido).

He is a friend of my father's.
Ele um amigo do meu pai.
Bill is an enemy of Henry's.
Bill um inimigo do Henry.
EXERCCIOS
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

I can understand ______________when

_______ speaks German with ______________:
he / him / I
him / him / I
you / you / me
them / they / me
him / he / me
Frank loves Betty, and __________ loves
__________ too:
she / he
they / her
we / him
she / him
I / him
Our companys new automatic machines can
adjust _____ to a variety of preassures and temperatures:
myself
ourselves
themselves
itself
herself
Put into English: Ele mesmo consertou o seu
porto :
He fixed his gate by himself.
He fixed his gate itself
He fixed himsemf his gate.
He himself fixed his gate.
He fixed his gate by itself.
She knows _____ better than he knows _____:
himself him
he himself
himself himself
him himself
n.d.a.

GABARITOS
1. E / 2. D / 3. D / 4. D / 5. D.

UNIDADE IX. VERBOS ANMALOS

Caractersticas fundamentais:
1.
Funcionam como verbos auxiliares.
2.
No tem TO em seu infinitivo.
3.
No recebem S na 3 pessoa do singular.
CAN / COULD / WILL BE ABLE TO poder
Expressam capacidade ou habiidade
She can sail boats, cant she ?
She could pley the piano very well when she was
younger.
Next year, she will be able to walk, today shes
just a baby.
MAY / MIGHT / WILL BE ALLOWED TO poder
Expressam permisso ou possibilidade/probabilidade
May she go with us ?
She might study for the UNBs test.
She will be allowed to get married.
MUST / HAD TO / WILL e HAVE TO dever

UNI

Expressam dever ( algo obrigatrio ). A forma Mustnt

expressa proibio.
Must -> pode ser usado como deduo.
HAVE TO -> Na 3 pessoa, usa-se HAS TO
I must tell you the truth, hes your father.
The sky is so cloud, it must rain soon.
She had to do what she did.
SHOULD / OUGHT TO dever
Expressam conselho, algo que se acha importante ou
necessrio.
You should go through this treatment.
You shouldnt drink and drive.
We ought to go home before it starts to rain.
NEED necessitar ou precisar.
Expressa necessidade.
She neednt do this, anyway.
Martha doesnt nedd resting right now.
Do you need anything ? ( como verbo principal )
USED TO costumava, costumvamos, costumavam
Sempre seguido de infinitivo
I used to be a better student.
She didnt use to smoke a lot.
BE USED TO estar acostumado a
Sempre seguido de gerundio.
She is used to driving on the right.
At first she wasnt used to driving on the left.
WOULD RATHER preferiria, gostaria.
Seguido de infinitivo
Id rather have iced tea, please.
Shed rather not have an apple pie.
HAD BETTER deveria, seria melhor.
Seguido de infinito.
Wed better take an umbrella with us.
Mara had better not ask her brother to help her.
EXERCCIOS
Complete com a opo correta.
1. Sheila _________ invite anybody to her wedding
party.
a) Can
b) Cans
c) Caens
d) Canss
2. If you want to be successful, you _________ to
work day after day.
a) Must
b) Are
c) Musts
d) Ares
GABARITOS
1. A / 2. B.
Parabns! Voc concluiu os estudos
de Ingls I! J est apto a desempenhar todas as habilidades que os
contedos estudados lhe proporcionam. Agora s utiliz-los! Boa sorte
em seus prximos estudos na UNI! Estamos felizes por voc ter chegado aqui com xito e continue estudando! Pois O estudo enobrece o homem.

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