Electrolysis(electrolytic cell)_NaCl

Case 1: molten NaCl

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V
Cathode: (Na+(aq) + e
Cathode:
Anode : 2Cl-(aq)
Overall :

Anode(OXIDATION)
Cl2(g) + 2e
2Cl-(aq)
o
E = +1.36 V
Na(s) )
Cl2(g)

+ 2e

Case 2: dilute NaCl @ dilute aqueous NaCl

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OHo
(aq) E = -0.83 V
Explanation:
Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
Cathode: ( 2H2O(l) + 2e
Cathode:
Anode : 2H2O(l)
Overall :

Anode(OXIDATION)
Cl2(g) + 2e
2Cl-(aq)
Eo = +1.36 V
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
2H2O(l)
o
E = +1.23 V
Explanation:
Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) )

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

Case 3: concentrated NaCl @ aqueous NaCl

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH(aq) Eo = -0.83 V
Explanation:
Na+(aq) has high concentration
Eo value should be more __________
Widely difference in Eo value for Na+
& H2O
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced

Anode(OXIDATION)
Cl2(g) + 2e
2Cl-(aq)
o
E = +1.36 V
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
2H2O(l)
o
E = +1.23 V
Explanation:
Cl-(aq) has high concentration
Eo value should be more __________
Comparable in Eo value for Cl2 & H2O
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced

 Solution become_________, _____are

formed
Cathode: 2H2O(l) + 2e
Anode : 2Cl-(aq)
Overall :

H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)
Cl2(g) + 2e

Electrolysis(electrolytic cell)_Na2SO4
Case 1: molten Na2SO4
Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
Explanation:
SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
-electrolysis process does not take place.

Case 2: dilute Na2SO4 @ dilute aqueous Na2SO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH(aq) Eo = -0.83 V
Explanation:
Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
Cathode: ( 2H2O(l) + 2e
Cathode:
Anode : 2H2O(l)
Overall :

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
2H2O(l)
Eo = +1.23 V
Explanation:
SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) )

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

Case 3: concentrated Na2SO4 @ aqueous Na2SO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Na+(aq) + e
Na(s)
Eo = -2.71 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH(aq) Eo = -0.83 V

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Eo = +1.23 V
Explanation:

2H2O(l)

Explanation:
Na+(aq) has high concentration
Eo value should be more __________
Widely difference in Eo value for Na &
H2O
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
Cathode: ( 2H2O(l) + 2e
Cathode:
Anode : 2H2O(l)
Overall :

SO42- (aq) has high concentration

SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq) )

O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e

Electrolysis(electrolytic cell)_CuSO4_inert electrode

Case 1: molten CuSO4
Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
o
E = +0.34 V

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
Explanation:
SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
-electrolysis process does not take place.

Case 2: dilute CuSO4 @ dilute aqueous CuSO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OHo
(aq) E = -0.83 V
Explanation:
Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced
____ electrode will increase in mass

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
2H2O(l)
Eo = +1.23 V
Explanation:
SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed

Blue colour CuSO4 solution fades

Cathode: ( Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s) ) x 2
Cathode:
Anode : 2H2O(l)
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Overall :
Case 3: concentrated CuSO4 @ aqueous CuSO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
o
E = +0.34 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH(aq) Eo = -0.83 V
Explanation:
Cu2+(aq) has high concentration
Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be
produced
____ electrode will increase in mass

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
2H2O(l)
o
E = +1.23 V
Explanation:
SO42- (aq) has high concentration
SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S
already at the highest oxidation no.
(__)
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
Solution become_________, _____are
formed

Blue colour CuSO4 solution fades

Cathode: ( Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s) ) x 2
Cathode:
Anode : 2H2O(l)
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Overall :

Electrolysis(electrolytic cell)_CuSO4_active electrode

Case 1: molten CuSO4
Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
Explanation:

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
Explanation:

____ electrode will increase in mass

SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S

Cathode:
Anode :
Overall :

already at the highest oxidation no.(__)

____ electrode will decrease in mass
Blue colour CuSO4 solution remains
2+
Cu (aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e

Case 2: dilute CuSO4 @ dilute aqueous CuSO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)
o
E = -0.83 V
Explanation:

Eo value should be more __________

_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be

produced
____ electrode will increase in mass

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Eo = +1.23 V
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
o
E = +0.34 V
Explanation:

2H2O(l)

SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S

already at the highest oxidation no.(__)

Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced

 ____ electrode will decrease in mass

Cathode:
Anode :
Overall :

Blue colour CuSO4 solution remains

Cu (aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
2+
Cu(s)
Cu (aq) + 2e
2+

Case 3: concentrated CuSO4 @ aqueous CuSO4

Cathode(REDUCTION)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
2H2O(l) + 2e
H2(g) + 2OH-(aq)
o
E = -0.83 V
Explanation:

Cu2+(aq) has high concentration

Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be reduced, _____ will be

produced
____ electrode will increase in mass

Anode(OXIDATION)
SO42- (aq) [OTHER: F-, NO3-]
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Eo = +0.34 V
O2(g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e
Eo = +1.23 V
Explanation:

2H2O(l)

SO42- (aq) has high concentration

SO42- (aq) cannot be oxide, because S

already at the highest oxidation no.(__)

Eo value should be more __________
_________ will be selected
Easier to be oxidised, _____ will be
produced
____ electrode will decrease in mass

Blue colour CuSO 4 solution remains

Cathode: Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Cu(s)
Anode : Cu(s)
Cu2+(aq) + 2e
Overall :