Name: _____________________________________

AS Spanish
Preparation for Unit 2 Section C
EXAMINATION PREPARATION

Neil Jones

AS Spanish The examination

Unit 1 - Spoken Expression and Response in Spanish (8 - 10 minute assessment)
Section A: You respond to questions set by the board on a topic related to your chosen topic area.
Section B: You will then engage in a broader discussion of the chosen topic.
(overall total = 50 marks)

Unit 2 - Understanding and Written Response in Spanish (2 hours 30 minutes)

Section A: A Listening exam in which you will answer questions on recorded texts. (20 marks)
Section B: A reading exam in which you will be required to answer questions in Spanish on a series or
written texts. (20 marks)
Section C: A writing exam in which you will be required to write 200 - 220 words in the form of a letter, a
report or an article. (30 marks)
(overall total = 70 marks)

AS Spanish The topic areas

Youth culture and concerns

Music and fashion

Technology (e.g. MP3/blogs/mobile phones/internet/games)
Relationships (family/friendships and peer pressure)
Drink, drugs, sex

Lifestyle: health and fitness

Sport and exercise

Food and diet
Health issues (e.g. smoking, skin cancer, health services)

The world around us: travel, tourism, environmental issues and the Spanishspeaking world

Tourist information, travel and transport

Weather (e.g. natural disasters, climate change)
Pollution and recycling

Education and employment

Education (schooling and higher education)

Education policy and student issues
The world of work (e.g. the changing work scene, job opportunities and unemployment)

AS Spanish Unit 2
Unit 2 - Section C (30 marks)
Students will be required to write 200-220 words in the form of a letter, report or article in Spanish based
on a short printed Spanish-language stimulus. Students must respond to four-six linked bullet points and
demonstrate their ability to communicate accurately in Spanish using correct grammar and syntax.
If you are asked to write a letter, you must ensure that you begin and end your response correctly. If you
do not do this you will lose marks.
FORMAL LETTER (someone you do not know):
Muy seor mo: (notice the use of the colon rather than a comma)
Muy seora ma:
Le saluda atentamente (your faithfully)
FAMILIAR LETTER (to a friend)
Querido Juan:
Querida Mara:
Un cordial saludo (best wishes)
The pattern of the writing section often goes as follows:
a)
b)
c)
d)

What happened (you are a witness or you have read an article) / Your reaction to the text
Your opinion
What you would do
(varies can be a future reference)

The order in which these occur can vary.

Look at the following exercise + write out the letter in order (A-G) 1=? 2=? etc.

Here is an example of a question + a suggested answer.

AS Spanish
Unit 2
Adis a "la caja tonta"?
Algo est cambiando en la televisin. Los menores de 35 aos prefieren verla en dispositivos alternativos
como puede ser el telfono mvil o el ordenador.
Los responsables insisten en que este cambio en el comportamiento representa el comienzo de una ola de
transformaciones en el mercado de distribucin y produccin de contenidos en todo el mundo. "El grupo
de edad menor de 35 aos tiene ms tendencia a ver contenidos en dispositivos alternativos", dijo
Amzola, el responsable del informe.
Los consumidores estn cada vez ms desencantados con lo que ven en televisin, aunque siguen siendo
fieles a sus programas favoritos, segn este estudio realizado. Segn Amzola, "La gente est dejando a un
lado la programacin tradicional".
Has ledo este artculo y decides escribir un artculo sobre este tema. Debes escribir unas 200220 palabras
en espaol. Debes mencionar:
la importancia para ti de la televisin;
un incidente cuando te molest la televisin y la posible mala influencia de la televisin;
tu opinin de si las nuevas tecnologas dejan atrs la televisin;
tus ideas sobre del futuro de la televisn.

A mi modo de ver, la tele hoy en da carece de valor ya que pienso que desinforma y es una prdida de
tiempo. Adems creo que ya no tiene ese rol de unin familiar donde varias generaciones se juntaban para
ver un mismo programa y todos opinaban o comentaban lo que suceda. Por otro lado en ocasiones se
emiten ciertos contenidos que pueden influenciar de forma muy negativa en los jvenes y el resto de la
sociedad. Recuerdo que un da estaba viendo un programa que se llama El Gran Hermano y uno de los
concursantes hizo varios comentarios racistas y esto realmente me indign.
Me parece que la caja tonta tiene los das contados ya que ahora puedes usar tu ordenador o mvil para
seguir tu programa favorito desde cualquier sitio. Tambin creo que existen otros inventos con mayor xito
como la Play station o la Wi que estn restando popularidad a la tele.
Creo que la televisin tal y como la conocemos hoy desaparecer porque por un lado no es
suficientemente interactiva y por otro lado fomenta en algunas ocasiones valores negativos o antisociales.
Adems de esto mucha gente prefiere usar el ordenador para ver sus pelculas o programas preferidos
porque as evitan el tener que tragarse la odiosa publicidad.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA (UNIT 2 SECTION C)

This section of the Unit 2 examination has the greatest amount of marks for this unit (30 out of a possible
70).
Unit 1 (Speaking exam)
= 50 marks
Unit 2 (Listening, Reading + Writing)
= 20 + 20 + 30 = total of 70 marks

You will see that the highest marks are awarded for quality of language. They are looking for a wide variety
of language, accurate use of grammar and language that is appropriate to the task.
In content they are looking to see that you have addressed the entire bullet points listed in the task. If you
miss any bullet points out you will clearly lose marks on content.

Modal verbs in Spanish

Read this second example of an answer to a past paper Unit 2 Section

C question.
1. Highlight the opinion phrases.
2. Identify use of any past tenses.
3. Identify any future reference.
4. Use of modal verbs (can, want, must, soler [to usually ], need).

Pronto ser factible conectarse a Internet desde algunos de los principales medios de transporte. Trenes,
barcos y aviones son los escenarios para un nuevo estndar de conectividad que permitir la comunicacin
entre un proveedor de Internet y, por ejemplo, el usuario de un porttil WiFi que vaya montado en un tren
de alta velocidad. La conexin entre ambos se realizar a travs de satlites.
Has ledo este artculo y decides escribir un artculo para la revista de tu colegio sobre este tema. Debes
escribir unas 200220 palabras en espaol. Debes mencionar:

la importancia para ti de Internet

una vez cuando no pudiste conectarte a Internet
tus ideas sobre cmo podra ser til Internet en el tren
tu opinin de los peligros de Internet

Bajo mi punto de vista, Internet es una herramienta de una importancia vital en la actualidad. Es esencial
en cualquier puesto de trabajo que puedas imaginar y tambin para el uso diario, como por ejemplo hacer
la compra desde casa, consultar tu cuenta bancaria o hablar con familiares que se encuentran en otro
continente.
Desafortunadamente, tambin existen algunas desventajas. Recuerdo una vez que estaba comprando un
vuelo por Internet pero justo unos segundos antes de finalizar la compra perd la conexin y como era el
ltimo asiento libre, no pude viajar en esa fecha. Me frustr muchsimo.
Sin embargo opino que la idea de facilitar Internet en los trenes sera de gran utilidad para la mayora de la
gente, especialmente para profesionales y estudiantes. Si esto se lleva a cabo, muchas personas ahorraran
bastante tiempo ya que podran trabajar cmodamente desde su asiento mientras se desplazan.
Pero no debemos olvidar que es cierto que Internet puede ser muy peligroso si no se sabe usar de forma
segura. A mi modo de ver es de suma importancia que los padres controlen las pginas Web y redes
sociales que visitan sus hijos y sobre todo que no se faciliten datos personales ya que pueden caer en
manos de gente sin escrpulos.

Modal verbs
Modal verbs are very common verbs which are always followed by an infinitive. The verbs are:
deber to have to [must/ought/should]
poder to be able [could]
saber to know [how to]
querer to want
soler to usually .

DEBER

Present Preterite Imperfect Future

I
You (sing.)
He/she
We
You (pl.)
They

PODER

debo

QUERER

SOLER
I
You (sing.)
He/she
We
You (pl.)
They

Pluperfect

deba

deber

debera

He debido

Haba debido
Habas debido

debes

debiste

debas

debers

deberas

Has debido

debe

debi

deba

deber

debera

Ha debido

Haba debido

debemos

debimos

debamos

deberemos

deberamos

Hemos debido

Habamos debido

debis

debisteis

debais

debis

deberais

Habis debido

Habais debido

deberan

Han debido

Haban debido

should / ought to

have had to

had had to

deben

debieron

deban

debern

must

had to /must have

(at one specific time)

had to, was having to

(over a period of time)

will have to

Perfect

Pluperfect

puedo

pude

poda

podr

podra

He podido

Haba podido

puedes

pudiste

podas

podrs

podras

Has podido

Habas podido

puede

pudo

poda

podr

podra

Ha podido

Haba podido

podemos

podimos

podamos

podremos

podramos

Hemos podido

Habamos podido

podis

podistis

podais

podris

podrais

Habis podido

Habais podido

pueden

pudieron

podan

podrn

podran

Han podido

Haban podido

can, am able to

could, was able to

(at one specific time)

could, was able to (over

a period of time)

will be able to

could

have been able to

had been able to

Present Preterite Imperfect Future Conditional

I
You (sing.)
He/she
We
You (pl.)
They

I
You (sing.)
He/she
We
You (pl.)
They

Perfect

Present Preterite Imperfect Future Conditional

I
You (sing.)
He/she
We
You (pl.)
They

SABER

deb

Conditional

Perfect

Pluperfect

supe

saba

sabr

sabra

He sabido

Haba sabido

sabes

supiste

sabas

sabrs

sabras

Has sabido

Habas sabido

sabe

supo

saba

sabr

sabra

Ha sabido

Haba sabido

sabemos

supimos

sabamos

sabremos

sabramos

Hemos sabido

Habamos sabido

sabis

supistis

sabais

sabris

sabrais

Habis sabido

Habais sabido

saben

supieron

saban

sabrn

sabran

Han sabido

Haban sabido

know (how to)

knew (how to),

(at one specific time)

knew (how to), used to

know (how to)
(over a period of time)

will know (how

to)

would know (how to)

have known (how to)

had known (how to)

Present Preterite Imperfect Future Conditional

Perfect

Pluperfect

quiero

quise

quera

querr

querra

He querido

Haba querido

quieres

quisiste

queras

querrs

querras

Has querido

Habas querido

quiere

quiso

quera

querr

querra

Ha querido

Haba querido

queremos

quisimos

queramos

querremos

querramos

Hemos querido

Habamos querido

queris

quisistis

querais

querris

querrais

Habis querido

Habais querido

quieren

quisieron

queran

querrn

querran

Han querido

Haban querido

want .

I wanted
(at one specific time)

used to want, wanted,

was wanting (over a
period of time)

will want

would want

have wanted

had wanted

Present Preterite Imperfect Future Conditional Perfect Pluperfect

suelo

sola

sueles

solas

suele

sola

solemos

solamos

solis

solais

suelen
I (etc.) usually .

solan
I (etc.) used to

(SOLER only really appears in the present + imperfect tenses)

Useful phrases for the Internet se sube al tren question:

USEFUL PHRASES FOR THE WRITING SECTION
(No) me parece
= it (doesnt) seem(s) .. to me
A mi parecer (no) es
= in my view it is(nt)
A mi modo de ver (no) es
= in my opinion it is(nt)
Yo opino que (no) es
= I think (do not think) that it is
Considero que (no) es
= I consider (do not consider) that it is
En mi opinin (no) es
= in my opinion it is(nt)
Para m (no) es
= As far as Im concerned it is(nt)
Es de suma importancia porque
= it is absolutely important because
Puedes usar dedes sociales
= you can use social Networks
Puedes consultar tu cuenta bancaria
= you can check your bank account
Facilita tu trabajo
= it makes your work easier
No lo encuentro til porque es
= I dont find it useful because its
Peligroso/ una prdida de tiempo
= dangerouse/ a waste of time
Recuerdo una vez que no tuve conexin = I remember once when I didnt have connexion
Hace tres semanas no pude conectarme a internet=
= Three weeks ago I couldnt connect to internet
Fue un desastre
= it was a disaster
Lo pas muy mal
= I had a terrible time
Sera una gran idea ya que
= it would be a great idea as
Las grandes cambios que yo veo / vi son / fueron.
= The big changes that I see / saw are / were ..
Lo que me molesta de internet es ..
= what annoys me about internet is .
Me parece (triste / ridculo / interesante) que
= It seems (sad / ridiculous / interesting) to me that .
Si fuera posible yo hara . / cambiara = If it were possible I would do ./ I would change ..
Si no cambiamos nuestros hbitos .
= If we do not change our habits ..
Por un lado ... por otro lado
= On the one hand . on the other
Por lo general, ... pero ...
= In general, but
Para empezar, opino que y adems
= to start with, I think that .. and furthermore .
Mientras
= While .,
Opino que
= Im of the opinion that .
Mucha gente opina que
= many people think that .
Es una diversin inocua.
= its a harmless pleasure
Es una ventana al mundo.
= It is a window to the world
Es adecuado para nios
= it is suitable for children
Es adecuado para usar en familia.
= it is suitable for all the family to use
Es una prdida de tiempo.
= it is a waste of time
Fomenta la creatividad.
= It encourages creativity
Transmite valores positivos...
= it promotes positive values
Da la oportunidad de
= it gives the opportunity to
No es conveniente
= it not convenient
facilitar datos personales
=to provide personal details
la distribucin de fotos a travs de redes sociales
= the distribution of photos through social networks
menos rpido / ms rpido
= less fast/ faster
el consumo de internet a travs de ordenadores porttiles
= internet consumption through laptops
incorporar la comunicacin interpersonal = to incorporate personal communication

Practice questions
Te odio, te amo mvil
Indiscreto como ningn otro aparato, el telfono mvil domina nuestra vida hasta en los
momentos ms ntimos. Aunque en sus comienzos, el mvil era un smbolo del progreso,
ahora se ha convertido en un incmodo e insoportable aparato del que no podemos
prescindir estemos donde estemos. Un mnimo de educacin y respeto exige que, al menos,
se seleccione la modalidad silencio en determinadas circunstancias para no molestar.

Has ledo este artculo y decides escribir una carta a tu corresponsal espaol(a) sobre este tema. Debes
escribir unas 200220 palabras en espaol. Debes mencionar:

la importancia para ti de tu telfono mvil;

un incidente cuando te molest un telfono mvil;
tu opinin de si el mvil domina nuestra vida de hoy;
tus ideas sobre cmo evitar problemas con el mvil.

Some useful phrases

Por un lado las ventajas
son muchas por ejemplo se puede
No obstante por otro lado
existen inconvenientes tales como
Recuerdo una vez que
Recib mi primer mvil
Desde mi punto de vista
Yo uso el mvil para
Para empezar, opino que y adems
Mientras
Opino que
Mucha gente opina que
Es una diversin inocua.
No es adecuado para nios
Es adecuado para usar en familia.
Es una prdida de dinero.
Facilita la comunicacin.
Da la oportunidad de
En una ocasin us el mvil para
Me parece triste / ridculo que
Si fuera posible yo creara ms / menos

= on the one hand

= the advantages are many for example you can
= Nevertheless on the other hand
= there are disadvantages exist such as
= I remember once time that
= I received my first mobile phone
= In my view
= I use the mobile phone in order to
= to start with, I think that .. and furthermore .
= While
= Im of the opinion that
= many people think that
= its a harmless pleasure
= it is not suitable for children
= it is suitable for all the family to use
= it is a waste of money
= It eases communication
= it gives the opportunity to
= on one occasion I used the phone for
= It seems sad / ridiculous to me that
= If it were possible I would create more / less

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The next two Unit 2 Section C questions are from recent past papers. These are followed by earlier
examples.

Practice questions

Espaa es el segundo pas ms ruidoso del mundo.

Nueve millones de espaoles soportan a diario un ruido superior al tolerable. La mayora trabaja en un
entorno que supera los 75 decibelios permitidos por la ley. Slo Japn supera en nivel de ruido a nuestro
pas. El 78% de la contaminacin acstica es responsabilidad del trfico rodado. Estrs, cansancio fsico y
subidas de tensin son algunos de los efectos que la contaminacin acstica provoca en nuestro cuerpo.
Ests pasando las vacaciones de verano en Espaa trabajando en un restaurant situado en una calle muy
ruidosa. Escribe una carta a un(a) amigo(-a) sobre tus experiencias. Debes escribir unas 200220 palabras
en espaol. Debes mencionar:

una descripcin de tu trabajo en el restaurante

las desventajas de trabajar al lado de una calle ruidosa
un incidente que afect el nivel de ruido en el restaurante
si recomendaras este trabajo a tu amigo(-a)

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Practice questions

Teletrabajo desde tu casa

Las posibilidades de teletrabajar desde casa incrementan gracias al avance de las tecnologas. Hoy son
miles las empresas que ofertan la posibilidad de trabajar desde casa o desarrollar tu propio negocio desde
la comodidad de tu hogar. Te interesa el lavado y planchado a domicilio? Podras disear videojuegos o
grabar peridicos para no videntes? Te apetece la idea de hacer encuestas telefnicas? Todos son
posibles desde tu propia casa.
Lees este artculo y decides escribir una carta a un(a) amigo(-a) espaol(a) desempleado(-a). Debes escribir
unas 200220 palabras en espaol. Debes mencionar:

por qu piensas que el teletrabajo sera una buena opcin para tu amigo(-a)
la experiencia de un miembro de tu familia que ha trabajado desde su casa
los sentimientos de la familia sobre este trabajo
unas sugerencias de cmo tu amigo(-a) podra organizar este trabajo.

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Practice questions

Cuatro heridos en una colisin frontal en Alava

Cuatro personas resultaron heridas de diversa consideracin en una colisin frontal entre dos vehculos
ocurrida de madrugada en la localidad alavesa de Lanciego. El accidente se produjo sobre las tres y media
de la madrugada en la carretera A-124, a la altura de dicho municipio, cuando un Nissan Primera, con
matrcula de Vitoria, colision por causas que se investigan contra una furgoneta Mercedes Benz Vito.
Fuiste testigo de este accidente cuando estabas de vacaciones en Espaa. Escribe un informe para la
polica. Debes escribir unas 200220 palabras en espaol. Debes mencionar:

por qu estabas en la carretera a esa hora

lo que viste del accidente
quin tuvo la culpa del accidente y por qu tren
qu se debera hacer para evitar tales accidentes

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Practice questions
Los estudiantes espaoles tienen las vacaciones ms largas
Espaa es el pas europeo que menos obliga a sus estudiantes a ir a clase. Adems, ocupa el ltimo lugar
en jornadas por ao: 175 das en Enseanza Primaria y 170 das en Secundaria.
Esto significa que los alumnos espaoles tienen 45 das ms de vacaciones al ao que algunos estudiantes
europeos. Los que tienen ms horas de clase son los alumnos de Luxemburgo, seguidos por los daneses y
holandeses.

Estabas haciendo un intercambio en Espaa cuando sali este artculo. Los alumnos del colegio espaol
donde estabas queran saber tu opinin sobre el tema. Debes escribir un artculo de unas 200220 para su
revista estudiantil en el cual debes mencionar:

cmo pasaste un da en el colegio espaol;

las diferencias entre el horario y el ao escolar en Espaa y en tu pas;
algunos argumentos a favor y en contra de las vacaciones largas;
qu haras para mejorar el ao escolar en tu pas.

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Practice questions
La violencia en televisin
Hay unanimidad absoluta en que la televisin muestra un exceso de contenidos violentos, pero, en cambio,
existen diferentes posturas sobre si esta saturacin de escenas agresivas tiene influencia en la conducta de
los televidentes. Por un lado, hay los que abogan por limitar estos contenidos, porque consideran que
afectan a los televidentes; y, por el otro, los que defienden que los telespectadores deben tener el derecho
a elegir.

Anoche viste un programa violento en la televisin. Decides escribir una carta de 200-220 palabras a tu
amigo(a) espaol(a) en la que debes incluir:

detalles del programa que viste;

tu reaccin al programa;
tus opiniones sobre si hay demasiada violencia en la tele;
qu medidas se deberan tomar para limitar la violencia en la tele.

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Practice questions
28 afectados por una nube txica en un hotel de Salou
Una mezcla errnea para la piscina caus el problema, que oblig a evacuar a 300 personas
Una nube txica, generada por una reaccin qumica con el agua, caus ayer la intoxicacin de 28 personas
en el hotel Villa Romana, situado en Salou, y oblig a evacuar a unos 300 clientes. Los afectados
presentaban un cuadro leve de irritaciones en ojos y garganta y otras molestias. Tan slo un joven
asmtico qued ingresado en observacin, aunque estaba fuera de peligro.
Te alojabas en el hotel donde ocurri este incidente. Decides escribir una carta de 200-220 palabras a tu
amigo(a) espaol(a) en la que debes mencionar:

cmo te afect personalmente este incidente;

cmo reaccionaron los empleados del hotel;
la compensacin que esperas recibir del hotel;
qu piensas de la reaccin de los servicios de emergencia.

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Practice questions

Ayuda a las vctimas del terremoto

La mayora de las vctimas y de los daos del reciente desastre se registraron en la ciudad de Dos Arroyos.
Afortunadamente se us un puente areo para evacuar a decenas de habitantes afectados a la capital. Al
mismo tiempo, prosigue una campaa para recaudar donaciones de vveres y prendas de vestir para las
vctimas. Tambin se inici una campaa de donaciones de sangre para los heridos.
Estabas en la regin cuando ocurri este desastre natural. Escribe un artculo para tu peridico local sobre
la situacin. Debes escribir unas 200220 palabras en espaol.
Debes mencionar:

por qu estabas en la regin

lo que pas
tus sentimientos sobre esta tragedia
lo que puede hacer el pblico para ayudar

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Past paper questions

A number of the questions below have been seen in previous pages. However, read through the list below.
Make sure you understand what is required for each question and consider how you would answer them.
JUNE 2001 (Sport on TV)
Una ocasin cuando no televisaron un deporte que queras ver
Tus sentimientos en esa ocasin
Tu opinin sobre el deporte en la televisin
La importancia de los deportes en Espaa
JAN 2002 (article on Spanish students having longer hols youve done an exchange)
Cmo pasaste un da en el colegio espaol
Las diferencias entre el horario y el ao escolar en Espaa y en tu pas
Algunos argumentos a favor y en contra de las vacaciones largas
Qu haras para mejorar el ao escolar en tu pas
MAY 2002 (electricity cut in Palma airport)
Cmo te afect la falta de electricidad en el aeropuerto
Tu opinin del efecto que tales incidentes tienen en los turistas
Qu haras si tuvieras otra experiencia parecida y por qu
Lo que sepas de la importancia del turismo para Espaa
JAN 2003 (fire in a disco)
Qu pas aquella noche
Lo que sentiste en esa ocasin
Si iras a una discoteca espaola en el futuro y por qu (no)
Tu opinin de cmo los espaoles en general pasan su tiempo libre
JUNE 2003(Letter of complaint to a hotel about noise)
Por qu estabas en Valencia
Por qu no estabas contento
Cmo te puede recompensar el director
Tu opinin de la importancia que dan los espaoles a sus fiestas tradicionales
JAN 2004(In a bus accident letter to friend)
Por qu estabas haciendo el viaje
Cmo ocurri el accidente segn lo que viste
Cmo reaccionaste t y cmo reaccionaron los otros pasajeros
Si este accidente afectar tu deseo de viajar por Espaa en el futuro
Tu opinin sobre el estado de las carreteras y del trafico en Espaa
JAN 2005 (article about famous people in the public eye letter to a friend)
Una descripcin de una ocasin en la que viste a una personalidad deportiva famosa
Por qu piensas que tales personas atraen tanto inters en los medios de comunicaron
Tu actitud hacia este inters
Las dificultades de ser famoso a una edad joven
Que haras si te encontraras en tal situacin
JUNE 2005 (article about a campaign to try and get Spanish males to do housework)
Lo que viste de las tareas domsticas en la familia espaola
Tu reaccin ante el articulo
Si piensas que la campana tendr xito ( o no)
Que le aconsejaras a un hombre que no ayudara en casa

JAN 2006 (article about increase in young people getting drunk in Spain letter to newspaper about
incident you saw)
Lo que pas en este incidente
Tu reaccin y la de tu familia
Las posibles consecuencias de este tipo de comportamiento
Lo que se debe hacer para controlar el problema del alcohol entre los jvenes
JUNE 2006 (article about violence on TV a letter to a friend about what you saw)
detalles del programa que viste;
tu reaccin al programa;
tus opiniones sobre si hay demasiada violencia en la tele;
qu medidas se deberan tomar para limitar la violencia en la tele.
JAN 2007 (article about a car accident report to the police about the incident you saw)
por qu estabas en la carretera a esa hora;
lo que viste del accidente;
quin tuvo la culpa del accidente y por qu;
qu se debera hacer para evitar tales accidentes.
JUNE 2007 (article about pollution at a hotel letter to a friend about the incident you saw)
cmo te afect personalmente este incidente;
cmo reaccionaron los empleados del hotel;
la compensacin que esperas recibir del hotel;
qu piensas de la reaccin de los servicios de emergencia.
MAY 2009 (article about the use of the internet on trains article for school magazine)
la importancia para ti de Internet
una vez cuando no pudiste conectarte a Internet
tus ideas sobre cmo podra ser til Internet en el tren
tu opinin de los peligros de Internet
JAN 2010 (article about an earthquake article for newspaper about the incident)
por qu estabas en la regin
lo que pas
tus sentimientos sobre esta tragedia
lo que puede hacer el pblico para ayudar
MAY 2010 (article about an noise in Spain letter to a friend about your experiences working in a Spanish
restaurant)
una descripcin de tu trabajo en el restaurante
las desventajas de trabajar al lado de una calle ruidosa
un incidente que afect el nivel de ruido en el restaurante
si recomendaras este trabajo a tu amigo(-a)
JAN 2011 (article about an noise in Spain letter to an unemployed friend about working from home)
por qu piensas que el teletrabajo sera una buena opcin para tu amigo(-a)
la experiencia de un miembro de tu familia que ha trabajado desde su casa
los sentimientos de la familia sobre este trabajo
unas sugerencias de cmo tu amigo(-a) podra organizar este trabajo.

Essential grammar
TENSES IN SPANISH
THE PRESENT TENSE (TO DAY WHAT YOU DO OR WHAT YOU ARE DOING)
MEANING
Hablo may be translated as follows:
I speak
OR
I am speaking
FORMATION OF THE PRESENT TENSE
Regular verbs three types = -AR, -ER, -IR
(A) AR type e.g. HABLAR = To speak
Remove the AR and add the endings

I
You (singular)
He / She
We
You (plural)
They

STEM
habl
habl
habl
habl
habl
habl

ENDINGS
o
as
a
amos
is
an

(B) ER type e.g. VENDER = To sell

Remove the ER and add the endings

I
You (singular)
He / She
We
You (plural)
They

STEM

ENDINGS

vend
vend
vend
vend
vend
vend

o
es
e
emos
is
en

(C) IR type e.g. VIVIR = To live

Remove the IR and add the endings

I
You (singular)
He / She
We
You (plural)
They

STEM
viv
viv
viv
viv
viv
viv

ENDINGS
o
es
e
imos
s
en

TWENTY VERBS THAT ARE IRREGULAR IN THE PRESENT TENSE

Caber
To fit in

Caer
To fall

Dar
To give

Decir
To say

Estar
To be

Quepo
Cabes
Cabe
Cabemos
Cabis
Caben

Caigo
Caes
Cae
Cameos
Cais
Caen

Doy
Das
Da
Damos
Dais
Dan

Digo
Dices
Dice
Decimos
Decs
Dicen

Estoy
Ests
Est
Estamos
Estis
Estn

Haber
To have

Hacer
To do / make

Ir
To go

Or
To hear

Poder
To be able

He
Has
Ha
Hemos
Habis
Han

Hago
Haces
Hace
Hacemos
Hacis
Hacen

Voy
Vas
Va
Vamos
Vais
Van

Oigo
Oyes
Oye
Omos
Os
Oyen

Puedo
Puedes
Puede
Podemos
Podis
Pueden

Poner
To put

Querer
To want / like

Saber
To know

Salir
To go out

Ser
To be

Pongo
Pones
Pone
Ponemos
Ponies
Ponen

Quiero
Quieres
Quiere
Queremos
Queries
Quieren

S
Sabes
Sabe
Sabemos
Sabis
saben

Salgo
Sales
Sale
Salimos
Sas
Salen

Soy
Eres
Es
Somos
Sois
Son

Tener
To have / hold

Traer
To bring

Valer
To be worth

Venir
To come

Ver
To see

Tengo
Tienes
Tiene
Tenemos
Tenis
Tienen

Traigo
Traes
Trae
Traemos
Trais
Traen

Valgo
Vales
Vale
Valemos
Valis
Valen

Vengo
Vienes
Viene
Venimos
Vens
Vienen

Veo
Ves
Ve
Vemos
Veis
ven

N.B. Haber to have is used to form Compound Tenses. Compounds also apply
e.g.
decir = predecir
=
to predict
tener = retener
=
to retain
hacer = deshacer
=
to unmake
traer = distraer
=
to distract
poner = suponer
=
to suppose
venir = convenir
=
to agree
salir = sobresalir
=
to exceed

REFLEXIVE VERBS
LEVANTARSE
LAVARSE
CEPILLARSE
PEINARSE
LLAMARSE

also IRSE and ERSE but less common

LEVANTARSE (to get yourself up)

Me levanto = I get (myself) up
Te levantas = you get (yourself) up
Se levanta = he/she gets (him/herself) up
Nos levantamos = we get (ourselves) up
Os levantis = you (plural) get (yourselves) up
Se levantan = they get (themselves) up
P.ej.
llamarse
lavarse
peinarse

me llamo
os lavis
te peinas

(I am called)
(youre washing (yourself))
(youre brushing your hair)

Here is a list of commonly used reflexive verbs:

acostarse (oue)
afeitarse
baarse
casarse (con alguien)
cepillarse
despertarse (eie)
desvestirse (ei)
dormirse (oue)
ducharse
enfermarse
enojarse
irse
lavarse
levantarse
llamarse
mirarse
peinarse
ponerse
ponerse la ropa
preocuparse (por)
probarse (oue)
quitarse
secarse
sentarse (eie)
sentirse (eie)
verse
vestirse (eie)

to go to bed
to shave
to have a bath
to get married; to marry (someone)
to brush oneself
to wake up
to undress oneself
to fall asleep
to take a shower
to get sick
to get angry, mad
to go away
to wash oneself
to stand up, get up
to call oneself
to look at oneself
to comb ones hair
to become
to put on clothing
to worry about
to try on (clothing)
to take off, remove (clothing)
to dry oneself
to sit down, seat oneself
to feel (emotionally, physically)
to see oneself
to get dressed

FUTURE TENSE (TO SAY WHAT YOU WILL DO)

MEANING
Hablar is translated as follows:
I will speak
FORMATION OF THE FUTURE TENSE
The future tense in Spanish i.e. saying what you will do is created by taking the infinitive i.e. the verb
ending in either AR, -ER or IR. You then add the following endings to indicate I, you, he/she, we, you,
they:
I
You (singular)
He/she
We
You (Plural)
They

-
-s
-
-emos (only one with no accent)
-is
-n

For example: hablar (to talk)+ - = I will talk

vivir (to live) + - = I will live
comer (to eat) + - = I will eat
A small group of verbs do not use the infinitive for the future tense. Instead they have a slightly modified
stem. These have to be learnt:
VERB
decir
hacer
poder
poner
querer
saber
salir
tener
venir

MEANING
To say
To do / To make
To be able
To put
To want
To know
To go out
To have
To come

FUTURE STEM
dir_
har_
podr_
pondr_
querr_
sabr_
saldr_
tendr_
vendr_

The verb endings are the same as for regular verbs. The only irregularity is in the stem.
THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE (TO SAY WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO)
1.MEANING : I am going to finish
2.FORMATION: IR + A + INFINITIVE
IR
Voy
Vas
Va
Vamos
Vais
Van

+A
A
A
A
A
A
A

+ INFINITIVE
Hablar
Vender
Vivir
Nadar
Ver
Llegar

TO GO
I am going
You are going
He / she is going
We are going
You (pl) are going
They are going

Note : Estar a punto de + infinitive = to be about to

El hombre est a punto de salir = The man is about to go out.

+ INFINITIVE
To speak
To sell
To live
To swim
To see
To arrive

THE CONDITIONAL (TO SAY WHAT YOU WOULDDO)

MEANING
The conditional is used to express uncertainty and in English you say would:
Me gustaria vivir en Espaa
I would like to live in Spain
A regular verbs
FORMATION OF THE CONDITIONAL TENSE
The verb in the infinitive form - AR, ER or IR + the endings below
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
Yo
T
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes

-AR

-ER

-IR

a
as
a
amos
ais
an

e.g.
I would sing:
He would play:
You would go:
They would live:

cantara
jugara
irais
viviran

B irregular verbs in the conditional

The conditional has the same irregular verbs as the future. You add the conditional endings to the irregular
stem:
A small group of verbs do not use the infinitive for the future tense. Instead they have a slightly modified
stem. These have to be learnt:
VERB
decir
hacer
poder
poner
querer
saber
salir
tener
venir

MEANING
To say
To do / To make
To be able
To put
To want
To know
To go out
To have
To come

FUTURE STEM
dir_
har_
podr_
pondr_
querr_
sabr_
saldr_
tendr_
vendr_

The verb endings are the same as for regular verbs. The only irregularity is in the stem.

THE PERFECT TENSE (TO SAY WHAT YOU HAVE DONE)

MEANING:
(Yo) he hablado may be translated as follows:
I have spoken
It describes what you HAVE DONE in the past. Example:
He terminado mis deberes
I have finished my homework.
REGULAR VERBS
Formation:
The auxiliary HABER in the present tense + verb in the past participle (the ed form!).
The past participle is formed by removing the verb ending (-AR, -ER, -IR) and adding ado for AR verbs
and ido for ER and IR verbs.
PERSONAL
PRONOUNS
Yo
T
l/Ella/Usted
Nosotros/as
Vosotros/as
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes
Examples:

I have sung
she has drank
you have lived
they have gone

HABER
presente
he
has
ha
hemos
habis
han
he cantado
ha bebido
habis vivido
han ido

VERB
STEM

-AR

-ER

-IR

-ado

-ido

-ido

*to go = ir, remove ir add -ido

IRREGULAR VERBS
Some verbs have an irregular past participle. Here is a list of the most common ones and they must be
learnt off by heart
abrir
cubrir
decir
describir
descubrir
devolver
escribir
hacer
morir
poner
romper
ver
volver

abierto
cubierto
dicho
descrito
descubierto
devuelto
escrito
hecho
muerto
puesto
roto
visto
vuelto

opened
covered
said, told
described
discovered
returned
written
made
died, dead
put, placed
broken
seen
returned

Note:
Compound words based on these
roots typically show these same
irregularities:
Por ejemplo:
componer > compuesto
deshacer > deshecho
oponer > opuesto
suponer > supuesto
prever > previsto

THE PRETERITE TENSE (TO SAY WHAT YOU DID)

MEANING
(Yo) habl may be translated as follows:
I spoke
It describes what you did in the past. Example:
Ayer, Juan se levant, sali a la calle y despus compr un peridico.
(Yesterday, John got up, went out, then he bought a newspaper)
FORMATION OF THE PRETERITE TENSE
Regular verbs three types = -AR, -ER, -IR
(A)
-AR type e.g. HABLAR = to speak
Remove the AR and add the endings

I
You (singular)
He/she
We
You (Plural)
They

STEM
HABL
HABL
HABL
HABL
HABL
HABL

(C) -IR type e.g. VIVIR = to live

Remove the IR and add the
endings which are exactly the same
endings as for ER verbs.

ENDINGS

aste

amos
asteis
aron

I
You (singular)
He/she
We
You (Plural)
They

STEM
VIV
VIV
VIV
VIV
VIV
VIV

(B)
-ER type e.g. VENDER = to sell
Remove the ER and add the endings

I
You (singular)
He/she
We
You (Plural)
They

STEM
VEND
VEND
VEND
VEND
VEND
VEND

ENDINGS

iste
i
imos
isteis
ieron

There are a number of irregular verbs in the preterite tense. The most common of these are:
SER (TO BE)
IR (TO GO)
ESTAR (TO BE)
HACER (TO MAKE/DO)
fui (I was)
fui (I went)
estuve (I was)
hice (I did / made)
fuiste
fuiste
estuviste
hiciste
fue
fue
estuvo
hizo
fuimos
fuimos
estuvimos
hicimos
fuisteis
fuisteis
estuvisteis
hicisteis
fueron
fueron
estuvieron
hicieron
DECIR (TO SAY)
dije (I said)
dijiste
dijo
dijimos
dijisteis
dijeron

VER (TO SEE)

vi (I saw)
viste
vio
vimos
visteis
vieron

DAR (TO GIVE)

di (I gave)
diste
dio
dimos
disteis
dieron

TENER (TO HAVE)

tuve (I had)
tuviste
tuvo
tuvimos
tuvisteis
tuvieron

ENDINGS

aste

amos
asteis
aron

THE IMPERFECT TENSE (TO SAY WHAT YOU WERE/WAS DOING + WHAT YOU USED TO DO)

A MEANINGS
1.Recognition
a) WAS / WERE -ING While I was / we were working at the factory
b) USED TO Every day I used to visit my uncle
c) WOULD (when WOULD = USED TO) Every morning I would visit my uncle
2.Examples of the Imperfect
a) Description of state llevaba un pantaloon azul = He was wearing blue trousers
b) Repetition or Habit Todos los das se levantaba a las ocho, y despus tomaba una ducha =
Every day he used to get up at eight and then he would take a shower
c) Simultaneous, incompleted actions Mientras yo hablaba l lea un libro = Whilst I was
speaking he was reading a book.
d) Continuous background :
Comamos

Cuando ellos llegaron

We were eating

When they arrived

Mientras actuaba
Mientras esperbamos

Se cay al suelo
He fell down
Nos habl

While we waiting

He spoke to us

CONTINUOUS BACKGROUND

INTERRUPTED BY A SUDDEN ACTION OR EVENT THE

PRETERITE

While he was acting

B. FORMATIONOF THE IMPERFECT TENSE

1. Regular according to the infinitive ending.
Remove the ar, add the aba series of endings
Remove the er or ir, add the a series of endings
Hablar AR
Hablaba
Hablabas
Hablaba
Hablbamos
Hablabais
Hablaban

Vender - ER
Venda
Vendas
Venda
Vendamos
Vendais
Vendan

THE 3 IRREGULAR IMPERFECTS

IR
To go
iba
ibas
iba
ibamos
ibais
iban

SER
to be
era
eras
era
ramos
erais
eran

VER
to see
vea
veas
vea
veamos
veais
vean

Vivir - IR
Viva
Vivas
Viva
Vivamos
Vivais
Vivan

Note: this formation

procedure applies to
radical and spelling
changing verbs, and to all
but 3 irregular verbs:
Dar
Daba
Estar Estaba
Pensar Pensaba
Llegar Llegaba
Poder Poda
Volver Volva
Coger Coga
Haber Haba
Decir Deca
Or
Oa
Pedir Peda