10/03/2015

LITERATURE REVIEW & MANAGING

RESEARCH MATERIALS

CHAPTER 3
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Nor Hashimah Hashim, Prof. Dr.

School of Educational Studies
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FAMOUS VS. INFAMOUS TOPICS

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

Involves systematically
identifying, locating, and
analyzing documents
pertaining to the research
topic.

The major purpose is to

identify information that
already exist about your
topic.

Point out research

strategies, procedures, and
instruments that have and
have not been found to be
productive in investigating
your topic.

A smaller, well organized

review preferred.

Heavily Researched

Little Researched

Areas

Topics

Usually provide
enough references
directly related to a
topic.
Eliminate the need for
reporting less related
or secondary studies.

Usually require
review of any study
related in some
meaningful way.
Researcher need to
develop a logical
framework and
rationale for the
study.

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QUALITATIVE RESEARCH AND THE

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CONDUCTING A LITERATURE REVIEW

Identify and make a list of keywords to guide your literature
search.

Qualitative researchers
Construct review after starting study.

Using your keywords, locate primary and secondary source

that pertain to your research topic.

Qualitative research review

Demonstrate the underlying assumption behind the
research question,
Convince proposal reviewers that the researcher is
knowledgeable.
Provide the researcher with the opportunity to identify
any gaps in the body of literature and how the
proposed study may contribute to the existing body of
knowledge.
Help the qualitative researcher to refine research
questions.

Evaluate your source for quality.

Abstract your sources.
Analyze and organize your sources using a literature matrix.
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Write the literature review.

IDENTIFYING KEYWORDS
IDENTIFYING KEYWORDS,
IDENTIFYING, EVALUATING, AND
ANNOTATING SOURCES

Most sources have

alphabetical subject
indexes to help you
locate information
on your topic.

A list of keywords
should guide your
literature search.

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SEARCHING FOR BOOK ON YOUR TOPIC IN

LIBRARY

IDENTIFYING YOUR SOURCES

THE

Narrow search of pertinent educational

Encyclopedias, handbooks, and annual reviews found in libraries.

Most libraries
use an online
catalog system
s stem
as well as
collective
catalogs to
access materials
from other
libraries.

These resources provide broad overviews of issues

Various subject
j
areas.
Primary source
An article or report written by the person who conducted the study.
Secondary source
A brief description of a study written by someone other than the
original researcher.
Primary sources are preferred in the review.

Should
familiarized
with library
website and the
resources
available within
and beyond your
library.

A keyword
search uses
terms or phrases
pertinent to your
topic to search
for and identify
potentially
useful sources.

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STEPS FOR SEARCHING COMPUTER

DATABASES
Keyword searches can be focused by using
the Boolean operators AND, OR, and NOT.
Identify keywords related to topic.

Using AND or NOT narrows a search and

reduces the number of sources identified.
Using OR broadens the search and
increases the number of sources.
It is often best to start with a narrow
search.

Select the appropriate databases

some databases using the same interface may allow you
to search more than one database simultaneously.
Initiate a search using keywords selectively.

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Reformulate your search using appropriate

subject headings or descriptors combining
terms as is appropriate.
Once you have found the relevant article:
Check the item record for links to additional subject
heading or descriptors, author (s),
Cited references,
Times cited in databases,
Or other references for finding additional related items
using the features within the database.
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SEARCHING THE INTERNET AND THE

WORLD WIDE WEB

BECOMING A MEMBER OF PROFESSIONAL

ORGANIZATIONS

The Internet links organizations and individuals all over the world.
The World Wide Web (www) is on the internet.
To access the Internet, you need a computer with a modem or
Ethernet / cable line and a browser that connects to the Web.
Web

The websites for

professional
f
organizations maintain
links to current research
in a particular
discipline.

The available resources on the www are almost limitless, so the best
way to become familiar with its use is to surf in your spare time.
The Web contains a variety of sites relevant to an educational
researcher. Each site is reached by using its Internet address.
Search engines have established subcategories and allow keyword
searches to review large portions of the www quickly.

Examples of popular
professional
organizations includes
Association for
Supervision and
Curriculum
Development, National
Council for the Social
Studies, and the
International Reading
Association.

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EVALUATING SOURCES
What was the
problem
statement of the
study?

Is the study
relevant given
your research
interests?

Who was
studied?

Where was the

source
published?

When was the

study conducted?

How was the

study conducted?

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ANNOTATING SOURCES

locating,

Involves
creating
summaries by

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reviewing
reviewing,
summarizing,
and
classifying
your
references.

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ANNOTATING SOURCES

ANNOTATING SOURCES

Annotation assess
the quality,
relevance,
and accuracy of a source

Annotation articulate
your response to a source,

For each
source work,
list the
complete
bibliographic
record.

The main advantage of

b i i with
beginning
ith th
the llatest
t t
references on your topic is
that the most recent studies
are likely to have profited
from previous research.

Indicate why the source

is important to your
research.

A helpful
way to keep
track of the
literature is
to use a
matrix.

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REPORTING

ANALYZING, ORGANIZING, AND

REPORTING THE LITERATURE.

Make a copy
of your
references
f
and put it in
a safe place.

Describing and
reporting research call
for a specialized style of
writing.

Technical writing requires

Documenting facts and substantiating opinions,
Clarifying definitions and using them consistently,
Using an accepted style manual,

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Starting sections with an introduction and

Ending with brief summary.

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When organizing
a review

ORGANIZING
Make an outline;
Sort references by topic;
Analyze the similarities and
differences between references in a
given subheading;

META-ANALYSIS

Give a meaningful overview in

which you discuss references least
related to the problem first;
And conclude with a brief
summary of the literature and its
implications.

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META-ANALYSIS
Statistical approach to summarizing the results of many
quantitative studies addressing the same topic.
It provides a numerical way of expressing the composite
result of the studies.
A central characteristic of meta-analysis is that it is as
inclusive as possible.
An effect size is a numerical way of expressing the
strength or magnitude of a reported relation.
In meta-analysis, an effect size is computed for each
study, and then the individual effect sizes are averaged.

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REFERENCES

MORE INFORMATION IN THIS VIDEO.

Gay, L. R., Mills, G.E., & Airasian, P. (2011).

Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis
and Applications, Tenth Edition. Pearson
Education International.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
https://www youtube com/watch?v=jiQJJXTD0VI
jiQJJXTD0VI

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THE ENDT
THANK YOU

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