IPTC 11239

Reservoir Fluid Characterization Using Downhole Fluid Analysis in Northern

Kalimantan, Indonesia
Andry Halim, Pertamina, and Nicolas Orban, Elin Haryanto, and Cosan Ayan, Schlumberger

Copyright 2007, International Petroleum Technology Conference

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Abstract
Fluid identification is an important objective to resolve key
uncertainties of a complex reservoir prior to perforation in the
developed fields of Eastern Kalimantan. This paper explains
how using a formation tester equipped with two downhole
fluid analyzer modules helped understand reservoir fluid
characteristics, identify production zones and optimize
perforation zone selection.
Relying only on open hole log data and performing
correlations among nearby wells may be inconclusive since
the channel sands under study have limited lateral extent and
hard to correlate. Several layers are potential pay zones and
may contain oil or gas. However, water zones and secondary
gas cap formation in a few layers are also common.
Nonetheless, unexpected fluid production, such as water or
excessive gas is an undesirable outcome.
A formation tester equipped with an extra large diameter
probe and two downhole fluid analyzer modules was used to
identify reservoir fluids in newly drilled wells. Two fluid
analyzers were placed above and below the downhole pump
module. The fluid analyzers monitored downhole oil based
mud filtrate contamination, free gas presence, water or oil
flow at selected depths. The surveys identified the downhole
fluids and clarified oil, gas and water bearing zones. Some
zones were identified to have gas and possible oil presence.
Few stations, which were clearly identified as oil were
perforated and produced oil/dry oil with natural flow. The
survey helped optimize perforation zone selection, avoided
unwanted fluid production and helped the operator to find and
produce oil in a complex setup.
Introduction
In developed and ageing fields, it is essential to understand
the reservoir and fluid characteristics for optimum reservoir

management. A common method is to integrate all existing

information on reservoir rock, fluid and production data.
These range from seismic, geological and petrophysical data,
core analysis, well tests and production data. However in
complex reservoirs, despite the number of wells drilled in a
development scenario, correlating / integrating such data is not
always enough to avoid unexpected results.
Missing
productive intervals in a new well, zones with unexpectedly
low / high pressures, undesirable fluid production and
presence of additional reserves or bypassed hydrocarbons are
common occurrences in complex reservoirs. At a given
location, layer or compartment, reservoir fluids may change
with time; water encroachment, secondary gas cap
formation/gas cap expansion, reservoir re-pressurization are
some of the reasons of changing fluid characteristics. For
certain fluids, pressure decline causes thermodynamic changes
(such as solids precipitation or significant liquid dropout)
which can significantly alter well productivity, ultimate
recovery and project economics.
In aging reservoirs, fluid movements are of constant focus
and routine cased hole logs are common to track such changes.
Location of news wells for bypassed/remaining oil is equally
important. In certain environments, conventional open hole
logs may not fully resolve the fluid content of stacked
reservoirs. In Kalimantan, Indonesia, it is common to have
low resistivity pay zones which can contain significant amount
of hydrocarbons. Also, the well known density-neutron
separation may not always result in water free hydrocarbon
production. Coupled with reservoir and fluid complexities
above, often zones with unwanted fluids are perforated.
Selectively testing each producing layer to identify fluids
using conventional surface test equipment is a viable approach
but can be costly.
In this paper, direct pressure and fluid identification
measurements using a wireline formation tester (WFT) tool
will be outlined. The Modular Formation Dynamics Tester
(MDT)* tool and its downhole fluid analysis methodology
using Live Fluid Analyzer (LFA)* and Composition Fluid
Analyzer (CFA)* were used in the ageing Sangatta field. The
main objective was to clearly identify fluids downhole and
give conclusive results on detecting water, gas and oil zones
and oil bearing formations with a secondary gas cap. Several
zones were identified with WFT were later perforated and
tested. Well test results following WFT surveys from four
wells are presented.

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IPTC 11239

Sangatta Field
Sangatta field is located in East Kalimantan, 13 km from
the city of Sangatta, 260 km from Balikpapan. Figure 1 shows
the oil and gas fields of Kalimantan, including Sangatta field
towards North East. It has been developed by Pertamina since
1973 and has been effectively producing since May 1976 with
3600 BOPD initial production from 7 wells. Production peak
was achieved on February 1979 with 8220 BOPD from 41
wells. Figure 2 shows field oil production rate up to year 2002.
In 2005, its average production declined to 1581 BOPD from
around 40 wells. Reservoir heterogeneity, at a variety of
levels is caused by structural complexity, stratigraphic
stacking patterns or diagenetic alteration of pore system
continuity.
The channels sands have limited lateral
distribution and have varying water salinity both laterally and
vertically. Low resistivity zones may be observed in the field
and the fact that 90% of the existing petrophysical data
consists only of conventional resistivity logs makes the
formation evaluation quite difficult. Another issue which has
been identified and became a concern is the detrital coal
existence in this field as studied by Petricola (1985), which
may create uncertainties when identifying expected
hydrocarbon zones.
Several studies to reduce the uncertainties in evaluating,
identifying and proving additional hydrocarbon zones have
been conducted. Suwardji et al. (1994) conducted a study to
reevaluate this field to find remaining bypassed oil by
integrating petrophysical log and core analysis data with
ELAN (Elemental Analysis) application. They noted that more
work is required to evaluate zones with low resistivity.
Downhole Fluid Analysis
Downhole Fluid Analysis (DFA) refers to a concept rather
than a specific tool, Betancourt et al. (2004), ElShahawi
(2004), ElShahawi (2005). It includes an array of downhole
data where the basic measurement relies on near-infrared
spectroscopy (NIR). Some of the WFT downhole fluid
analysis tools use optical spectrometers to analyze the NIR
spectrum of light passing through the flowline fluid. The
spectrometer utilizes transmitted light to evaluate the light
absorption characteristics of a fluid. The unit of light
absorption, or optical density (OD), is the logarithm of the
ratio of incident light to transmitted light intensity. A 1-unit
increase in OD represents a factor of 10 decrease in
transmittance. Dark fluids have higher OD values than light
fluids. The OD of a fluid also varies with the wavelength of
incident light.
In LFA, the spectrum of transmitted light is evaluated at 10
wavelengths in the visible and NIR spectrum at which
absorption peaks are observed. Figure 3 shows the optical
density spectra of different type of fluids. Water can easily be
distinguished from oil as the absorbance peaks for both of
them are in two different wavelengths. A gas detector also
present in the LFA confirms the presence of free gas in the
flowline. It uses light from a diode that is reflected off a
sapphire window to identify the fluid phase in a flowline. At
the designed angle of incidence, the reflection coefficient is
much larger when gas contacts the window than when oil or

water contacts it. In summary, by pumping fluids through

flowline and letting them passes through the LFA, we can
easily distinguish the type of fluid in the flowline either gas,
oil and / or water. LFA spectrometer is also tuned to detect
methane and monitor its presence in the flowline fluid,
whether it dissolved in a liquid or gas phase.
A more recent development in the field of DFA
measurements was the Composition Fluid Analyzer (CFA)*.
The (CFA) provides a detailed analysis of C1, C2-C5, and
C6+ weight fractions as well as water fraction. The CFA
focuses on the vibrational overtone of hydrocarbon molecules
between 1600 1800 nm wavelength range to resolve the
composition of C1, C2-C5 and C6+. See Figure 4 for details.
The spread of the OD channels allows the tool to measure OD
at the peaks corresponding to methane (C1), ethane to pentane
group (C2-C5), C6+, C02 and water. At high pressure, the OD
values are approximately a function of density alone, so they
can be transformed to a partial density for each component.
In addition to fluid composition (C1, C2-C5, C6+)
measurement, a fluorescence detector is also utilized in the
CFA module. The principles of fluorescence spectroscopy are
related to those for light absorption. After a molecule is
excited by a photon, this energy can be released in the form of
light after a discrete amount of time (nanoseconds), known as
fluorescence. If hydrocarbon liquids drop out from the gas
phase, the dew that is formed can be detected by an increase in
the fluorescence level. All OD values also increase at about
the dewpoint because of the clouding of the fluid. The
fluorescence ensures that the sample is above the dewpoint
and in single-phase conditions for gas sampling. Note that
most oil based mud filtrates (as well as water or free gas) have
little or no fluorescence and most reservoir liquids fluoresce.
Based on spectroscopy measurement results (Optical
Density) of LFA and CFA, GOR (Gas Oil Ratio) of
hydrocarbon fluids inside the flowline can be computed. The
LFA can measure GOR in the range of 0-2500 scf/bbl, while
the CFA is designed to handle fluids in the range of 150020,000 scf/bbl. In general, CFA is more accurate for GOR
determination in fluids with GOR > 2000 scf/bbl, while the
LFA is more accurate for GOR<1500 scf/bbl. Thus, the two
tools together provide compositional analysis over a broad
range of crude oils and condensates.
Downhole Fluid Analysis in Sangatta Field
In the developments well of Sangatta field, wireline
formation testing programs were designed to obtain zone
pressures and to perform downhole fluid analysis. In these
wells, MDT configuration with two downhole fluid analyzers
(LFA and CFA) was chosen. See Figure 5 for details of tool
string used. In one survey, the tool also had an extra large
diameter probe, developed specifically for East Kalimantan
fields. The larger probe diameter makes pumping and
pressure testing easier in tighter zones.
Oil Based Mud Contamination (OCM) Monitoring
The wells in Sangatta field are drilled using Oil Based
Mud (OBM); hence the invaded zone contains OBM filtrate

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IPTC 11239

which is a miscible fluid with the formation oil. The miscible

nature of OBM filtrate and oil interaction needs to be clearly
handled by the DFA Tools. We have applied the well
established technique of Oil-Based Mud Contamination
monitoring-(OCM) to quantify contamination and to predict
the time to achieve an acceptable low level of contamination
of OBM filtrate, Mullins (2000). The contamination is
monitored using three different techniques namely, color
development, methane detection and GOR measurement.
Color and methane detection techniques provide quantitative
answers, so as the fluids are pumped, volume percent
contamination can be obtained during the survey.
Color contamination estimation principle uses the color
contrast between the OBM filtrate (usually has little or no
color, passes light) vs formation oils (usually darker liquids).
As the LFA has 10 channels at different wavelengths,
monitoring the change in color with time is used to quantify
OBM contamination. LFA methane detection is also a very
suitable method for OBM contamination monitoring since
methane is present only in reservoir hydrocarbons and not
present in the filtrates. GOR values obtained both from LFA
and CFA are very useful to assess contamination since with
more reservoir fluids coming into the tool with pumpout, these
GOR values will be increasing and may stabilize.
One of the reasons of positioning the LFA in the upstream
side of the pump (low pressure suction side) is to
quantitatively monitor the level of OBM contamination (either
through methane or color) when sampling/pumping formation
oil in OBM filtrate environment. The CFA on the downstream
(high pressure or discharge side) of the pump will be showing
phase segregation in the pump. This is quite useful for DFA
when pumping fluids with different densities.
Phase Segregation across the Pump out Module
The LFA was placed in the string in the upstream (below)
and the CFA in the downstream (above) the pump module.
This configuration was selected based on several
considerations. One of the advantages of this configuration
(two DFA modules in two different sides of the pump) is to
take advantage of the segregation process in the pump. There
is a pressure increase across the pump, with less than
formation pressure on the upstream side and close to borehole
mud pressure on the downstream side (discharge side). As
fluids have a residence time within the pump, the pump can
act as a phase separator for fluids with different densities. By
placing one of the optical modules downstream of the pump,
we can directly detect the different phases that have been
segregated. DFA on the segregated fluids can provide
significantly more data than a mixture alone. It is common the
see water-oil or water gas segregation in transition zones
where both fluids are pumped. It is also possible to see OBM
filtrate and gas or formation oil or gas separation. The source
of the gas could be the oil itself (if pumping below bubble
point) or a secondary gas cap.
As the wells surveyed in Sangatta were drilled using OBM,
multiphase flow and gravity segregation was expected in the
pump. Hence the second fluid analyzer (CFA) was placed

above the pump to see the slug of each fluid phase (slugs of
water, oil, or gas) in sequential order. CFA was able to
analyze the composition, GOR, partial densities of the
individual phases with a detailed look on segregated fluid
slugs. This also helps identify contents of the sample chambers
as chambers are usually placed after the pump, thus segregated
slugs individually enter the chambers. While achieving this,
the LFA below the pump gives a very good estimation of
contamination, free gas presence and water percentage in the
mixture if present. Thus, the two DFA modules mutually
complement each other.
Case Stuides-Fluid Identification
Well A
The main objective of running MDT with two fluid
analyzers is to clearly identify the formation fluid type and
resolve the uncertainties of open hole logs. As can be seen in
Figure 6, six DFA stations were performed in well A; 1 zone
with water, 2 zones with gas, 2 zones having water, gas and oil
and one dry oil zone were observed.
Usually water can easily be observed from LFA and CFA.
Light transmittance will be reduced at the channels targeting
water peaks as outlined in Figure 3. This response is then
transformed into water mass fraction and it is shown by the
blue shading in LFA liquid detection track. In Figure 6, in the
topmost water zone, water presence was clearly identified with
the blue water shading. Note that in this shallow depth,
pumpout time was quite short and mobilities were low. The
test was repeated and confirmed water presence with LFA and
CFA.
The presence of gas will be detected by LFA gas detector.
Free gas will cause gas reflection and the reflected light will
be registered by the sensor. The gas response is shown by gas
flags. The gas flags color code (light red to dark red) semiquantitatively shows the amount of gas present in the flowline.
As can be seen in Figure 6, two gas zones were observed.
Meanwhile, CFA identifies the presence of gas by showing
high fraction of methane (C1). Note that the main objective
was fluid identification; hence the weight percentage of
methane (C1), C2-C5, and C6+ are still highly affected by
OBM filtrate contamination early in the pumpout.
In Figure 6, the third DFA station from top shows gas
flags. In CFA composition track we, sequentially observe full
C6+ wt percentage (dark green) in the log track. This indicates
gas and OBM filtrate segregation in the pump; hence we can
clearly see alternating composition changes in the CFA log.
The fourth DFA station indicates oil presence in the
flowline. Note that full data from all DFA sensors are
presented in Figure 7. The pumpout was performed in 22
minutes. Pretest drawdown mobility is around 30 md/cp.
During the pumpout period, LFA color channels as well as
methane channel show some increase of OD values. See the
topmost part of Figure 7 LFA Log. The contamination level
is continuously monitored using OCM technique as plotted in
middle part of Figure 7 OCM monitoring. The increase of
OD channels indicates oil presence, which was the main

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IPTC 11239

objective of the survey. The figure shows a high level of

contamination with a significant amount of OBM filtrate still
present in the flowline. It would eventually decrease if
pumpout were continued for a longer time. Meanwhile, on the
other side of the pump, the CFA continuously sees the change
in composition. The decrease in C6+ (dominated by OBM
filtrate), increase in lighter fractions, as well as the increase in
Gas Oil Ratio (GOR) are notable.
Since the OBM
contamination is still high, the composition shown by CFA
does not represent the fluid composition in this zone. Figure
8 shows the OH log analysis from this zone with considerable
water saturation having an Rt of 13.3 Ohm-m, porosity of
16.4% and a water saturation of: 63 %. Formation pressure
determined from the MDT was 1653 psia indicating no
depletion. Note that this zone from 1133.5 to 1136 m was
perforated as the first choice. Figure 9 shows the production
performance of oil zone with 5 months of production to May
2007. A net total cumulative 7000 bbl of oil has been
produced after the perforation. Currently, this well is flowing
with natural flow around 24 BLPD (with 4% water cut).
The last two deeper zones shows water and gas presence in
the flowline together with OBM filtrate if only LFA is used
for interpretation. However, some oil presence can be
identified using the CFA as described below. A detailed look
at the LFA and CFA logs can reveal more information in these
two bottommost zones. Figure 10 shows the CFA and LFA
responses from the oil zone at 1133.5 m. The CFA
composition changes with time showing lighter components.
Similarly, both CFA and LFA GOR increase with time.
Moreover, both LFA and CFA optical densities in the color
range show an increase. These all indicate oil presence. As
noted in Figure 7, the pumped fluid has significant OBM
filtrate contamination, around 60 %. A parameter to note that
the increase in Fluorescence with pumping time, to a level
around 1.5V as more oil is pumped. Though 60 %
contaminated oil, this fluorescence level may be used to assess
oil presence in other zones with CFA, while pumping multiple
phases. Figure 11 is the CFA and LFA log responses at
1312.5 m. The LFA identifies water and some free gas. The
gas can be from a secondary gas cap or pumping oil below
bubble point, both pointing towards some possible oil
presence though oil is not clear from optical densities in three
phase flow in LFA below the pump. To further confirm
possible oil, a closer look at the CFA log is required. Three
phase segregation in the pump is evident with slugs of water,
hydrocarbon liquid (a mixture of oil based mud filtrate and
possible oil) and gas can be observed in the CFA. Noting the
slugs of hydrocarbon liquid, one can see an increase in
fluorescence to a level around 1.5 V, similar to the
contaminated oil value observed in the previous station (see
Figure 6). Increases in CFA-GOR as well as CFA-color in
these oil slugs indicate oil presence in this zone along with
water. The gas source can be the oil if we are pumping below
bubble point or secondary gas cap formation. This can further
be confirmed once enough CFA data in the field is gathered
along with PVT data to study the compositional variations and
further confirm secondary gas cap. The arrival of gas flags
somewhat later during the pumpout makes the possibility of
pumping close to bubble point more likely.

Well B
The survey objectives and tool string used in B were
similar to well A, however a large diameter probe was used
instead of the extra large diameter probe. This made pumping
fluids harder in tighter zones. Four DFA stations were
performed in well B; two clearly identified gas presence with
LFA gas detector and CFA composition and were not
perforated. One zone was quite tight so no fluids could be
pumped. This zone was later perforated and upon water
production, it was squeezed. The last zone surveyed with the
MDT detected gas and some oil was also a possibility, which
was later perforated after the squeeze job. Figure 12 shows
the open hole log analysis for the perforated zone. The
analysis shows an Rt of 14.0 Ohm-m, a porosity of 24 % and a
water saturation of 51%. Formation pressure from the tester
indicated 512.1 psia, a zone with high depletion.
Figure 13 shows the CFA and LFA log of this station. The
LFA detects free gas, which is also identified with the CFA
with pump segregation. The pumpout pressures are quite low,
meaning low flow rates. The increasing pressure during the
pumpout indicates some cleanup and pumping fluids with
higher mobility. Unfortunately the pumpout out time is not
enough to make further analysis, though some hints of water
presence can be observed on CFA. A subtle increase in
fluorescence indicated some oil presence as well. Figure 14
shows the production performance of this oil zone after 4
months of production till May 2007. A net total cumulative
2300 bbl of oil has been produced after perforation. Currently,
this well is flowing naturally with net oil flow around 30
BLPD with 70% water cut, which increased from the initial
water cut of 12 % with time.
Well C
The survey objectives and tool string used in C were the
same as B. Four DFA stations were performed in well C; two
clearly identified oil presence with CFA and LFA, one showed
gas presence and one proved to be a water zone. In one oil
zone, the pumpout time was shorter then optimum and oil
presence was mainly inferred from CFA with increasing
fluorescence level. Figure 15 shows the CFA and LFA
response at one oil zone. Note the increase in CFA-GOR,
CFA Fluorescence and lighter components clearly detecting
oil. No gas or water indications are present during the
pumpout period. Figure 16 shows the open hole log analysis
of this zone with an Rt of 64.32 ohm-m, a porosity of 24% and
a water saturation of 27%. Figure 17 shows production
performance of the oil zone detected with 3 months of
production history till May 2007. A net total cumulative 2300
bbl of oil has been produced after perforation. Currently, this
well is flowing with natural flow with around 82 BOPD and
very minor water cut.
Well D
The survey objectives and tool string used in D were the
same as previous wells. Five DFA stations were performed in
well D; two clearly identified oil presence with CFA and LFA,
one showed gas presence and one proved to be a water zone.
In one oil zone, the pumpout time was shorter then optimum
and fluids could not be determined clearly. Figure 18 shows
production performance of detected oil zone with 3 months of
production history till May 2007. A net total cumulative oil

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IPTC 11239

production of 20300 bbl was recorded after perforation.

Currently, this well is flowing with natural flow around of 160
BOPD and very minor water cut.
Conclusions
Application of MDT-DFA methodology, helped identify
fluids in a complex setup. Issues with unwanted fluids and
open hole log uncertainties were avoided/minimized. Tests
results after perforating confirmed the identified fluids in this
ageing asset, resulting in increased oil production. Production
history of four wells where DFA was used showed that 33,000
Bbl of oil has been produced within five months after their
perforation and increased the Sangatta Field production rate to
2200 BOPD.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to express their gratitude to
Pertamina Sangatta and Schlumberger for granting permission
to publish this paper.
References
Betancourt, S., Fujisawa, G., Mullins, O.C., Eriksen, K.O.,
Dong, C., Pop, J., Carnegie, A. 2004. Exploration Applications
of Downhole Measurement of Crude Oil Composition and
Fluorescence: Paper SPE 87011 presented at the SPE Asia
Pacific Conference on Integrated Modeling for Asset

Management held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 29-30 March

2004.
ElShahawi, H., Hashem, M., Mullins, O.C., Fujisawa, G. 2005.
The
Missing
Link-Identification
of
Reservoir
Compartmentalization Through Downhole Fluid Analysis:
Paper SPE 94709 presented at the SPE Annual Technical
Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas, Texas, U.S.A, 9-12
October 2005.
ElShahawi, H., Hashem, M., Dong, C., Hegeman, P., Mullins,
O.C., Fujisawa, G., Betancourt, S. 2004. Insitu Characterization
of Formation Fluid Samples Case Studies: Paper SPE 90932
presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition held in Houston, Texas, U.S.A., 26-29 September
2004.
Mullins, O.C., and Schroeter, J. 2000. Real Time Determination
of Filtrate Contamination During Openhole Wireline Sampling
by Optical Spectroscopy: Paper SPE 63071 presented at the SPE
Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Dallas,
Texas, U.S.A., 1-4 October 2000.
Suwardji., Buhari, A., Kukuh, K., Prayitno, R., 1994. Low
Resistivity Reservoir Study: Sangatta Field Kalimantan:
Proceedings Indonesia Petroleum Association, 23rd Annual
Convention, October 1994.

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IPTC 11239

O D (p a th le n g th = 2m m

2.0
(n o r m a l i ze d )
m e th a n e
e th a n e
p ro p a ne
n - b u ta n e
n - h e p ta n e
CO 2

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0
1600

1700

1800

1900

2000

2100

W a ve le n g th (n m )
Figure 4 Absorption spectra of hydrocarbons
between 1600 nm and 1800 nm (used to resolve
the composition of C1, C2-C5 and C6+).

Figure 1 Sangatta field location in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.

PRODUKSI(BOPD)

10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
1976 78

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

00

02

TAHUN

Figure 2 Sangatta field oil production rate up to year 2002.

Figure 3 Absorption spectra of hydrocarbons and water between 400 nm and 2200 nm.

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Figure 5 Tool configuration used in

Sangatta with two DFA modules.

IPTC 11239

Figure 6 Fluid identification results well A

Figure 7 LFA-CFA Log and OCM plot, oil zone, well A.

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IPTC 11239

Figure 8 OH log analysis of the perforated oil zone, well A.

WELL "A"

Perfo (1133.5-1136 )m

WC (%)

70

100
90

BOPD

80

60

PU
NF 16

70

50

60

40

50
40

30

30

20

20

10

10

0
GROSS

NETT

WC (%)

DATE

Figure 9 Production performance of oil zone in well A after perforation.

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IPTC 11239

Figure 10 CFA-LFA-composite plot, oil zone, well A. Note the increase in light components in CFA, CFA GOR and CFA
fluorescence. CFA/LFA ODs also increase, all indicating oil.

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IPTC 11239

Figure 11 CFA-LFA-composite plot, gas/water zone at 1312.5 m, well with three phase fluid segregation in CFA.

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IPTC 11239

11

Figure 12 OH log analysis of the perforated oil zone, well B.

Figure 13 CFA-LFA-composite plot, oil zone, well B. Gas is clearly identified in this low pressure zone. Though oil is possible
with some water, longer pumpout is required for clarity.

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IPTC 11239

WELL "B"

Perfo (778-791 )m

WC (%)

100
90
80

PU

BOPD

70
60

NF
28"

50
40
30
20
10
0
GROSS

NETT

WC (%)

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

DATE

Figure 14 Production performance of oil zone in well B after perforation

Figure 15 CFA-LFA-composite plot, oil zone, well C. Oil is clear from CFA composition and Fluorescence.

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IPTC 11239

13

Figure 16 OH log analysis of the perforated oil zone, well C.

WELL "C"

Perfo (1269-1271 )m

WC (%)

120

200
175

BOPD

100

NF 24"

150
125

80

100

60

75

40

50

20

25

0
GROSS

NETT

WC (%)

DATE

Figure 17 Production performance of oil zone in well C after perforation.

WELL "D"

Perfo (758.5-763 )m

WC
(%)

400
350
NF 28"

300

NF 24"

BOPD

250
200
150
100
50
0
GROSS

NETT

WC (%)

DATE

Figure 18 Production performance of oil zone in well D after perforation.

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1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0