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Ships.
The carriage of Timber Cargo is covered by the IMO Code of Safe Practise for Ships
Carrying Timber Deck cargoes.
The term Deck Cargo refers to cargo carried in any uncovered space on the deck of
a ship and Timber Deck Cargo means deck cargo consisting of timber.
The Load Line indicates the maximum depth to which a ship marked therewith may
be loaded, having regard to the appropriate Load Line for the particular Zone, area
and seasonal period in which the vessel happens to be at that particular time. For
details the International Loadline Chart should be consulted. The Timber Loadline
where marked on a ship carrying a Timber Deck Cargo in accordance with the
requirements of the Deck Cargo Regulations is the Loadline to be observed in any
particular zone, area and seasonal period in which the vessel happens to be at that
particular time.
Some other definitions important to the carriage of Deck Cargoes are as follows:
SUPERSTRUCTURE: Means a decked structure including a raised quarter deck
situated on the Freeboard Deck which either extends from side to side of the ship or
is such that it's side plating is not inboard of the shell plating of the ship by more
than 4% of the maximum breadth of the ship measured amidships.
WATERTIGHT: Means capable of preventing the passage of water in any direction.
WEATHERTIGHT: In relation to any part of the ship other than a door in a bulkhead
means that the part is such that water will not penetrate and so enter the hull of the
ship in the worst sea and weather conditions likely to be experienced by the ship in
service.
The siting, distribution and stowage of Timber Deck Cargo shall avoid excessive
loading having regard to the strength of the deck and integral supporting structure
of the ship.
The stowage and distribution shall ensure that the ship will retain adequate stability
at all stages of the voyage having regard to:
1 Vertical Distribution of the Deck Cargo.
2 Wind moments which normally may be expected on the voyage.
3 Losses of weight in the ship including those due to the consumption of fuel and
stores.
4 Possible increases of weight of the ship or deck cargo in particular those due to
the absorption of water and to icing.
5 Not to impair the weathertight or watertight integrity of any part of the ship, its
fittings or appliances and to ensure the proper protection of ventilation or air pipes.
6 The height of the cargo above the deck will not interfere with the navigation or
working of the ship.
7 The cargo will not interfere with steering arrangements and in particular
emergency steering arrangements.
8 The cargo will not interfere with or obstruct safe and efficient access by the crew
to or between their quarters and any machinery space or other part of the ship used
in the working of the ship, and will not in particular obstruct any opening giving
access to those postions or impede its being regularly secured watertight.
Openings in the weather deck on which cargo is stowed should be securely closed
and battened down. Ventilators and air pipes should be effectively protected from
damage by cargo and the check valves in air pipes should be examined to ascertain
that they or similar devices are effective against the entry of sea water.
The cargo should be compactly stowed and should be chocked as necessary for this
purpose, it should not interfere with the navigation of the ship and should be stowed
as level as possible. Safety equipment, devices for the remote operation of valves
and sounding pipes should be clearly marked and left accessible.
Uprights, when required by the nature of the height of timber, should be of
adequate strength which should not exceed the strength of the bulwark and the
spacing should be suitable for the length and character of the timber carried but
should not exceed 3 metres or 9.8 feet. Strong angles or metal sockets or equally
efficient means should be provided for securing the uprights. Where suitable,
permanent ship's structure may be used as uprights.
The uprights should be of height as to extend above the outboard top edge of the
cargo.
The uprights should be fitted with a locking pin or other arrangement to retain the
upright in its housing, they may be secured by a metal bracket attaching the upright
to the top of the ship's bulwark, or a similar arrangement.
As far as practicable, the stowage should be such that the cargo throughout its full
height is in solid contact with each upright.
Each port and starboard pair of uprights should be linked by athwartship lashings,
set up taut joining each pair as near to the top level of the cargo as possible to give
additional strength to these uprights.
to the season of the year at the port of discharge where in winter months a rise in
the maximum temperature may be required in order to maintain the cargo in the
liquid state for discharge. The discharge of oil is affected by shore plants either in
the form of independent steam pumps operating at the tank top flat or by a
combined suction and discharge pump which may be lowered into the tank. Prior to
discharge ullages, temperatures, specific gravities, drafts of the vessel and list if
any must be recorded. After discharge the tanks must be again steam cleaned and
heating coils removed, sounding and air pipes re-opened prior to loading general
cargo in these spaces.