Calculation of Effective Section Properties For A Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Section in Compression PDF

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in compression
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

cold-formed lipped channel section in compression
Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
V. Ungureanu, A. Ruff
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Example: Calculation of effective section

properties for a cold-formed lipped channel
section in compression
This example deals with the effective properties calculation of a coldformed lipped channel section subjected to compression.
For practical design of light gauge sections to EN1993, designers will normally use software
or refer to manufacturers data. This example is presented for illustrative purposes
Basic Data
Created on Friday, February 20, 2009

This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement
The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total height
h = 200 mm
Total width of upper flange
b1 = 74 mm
Total width of bottom flange
b2 = 66 mm
Total width of edge fold
c = 20,8 mm
Internal radius
r = 3 mm
Nominal thickness
tnom = 2 mm
Steel core thickness
t = 1,96 mm
Basic yield strength
f yb = 350 N mm2
Modulus of elasticity
E = 210000 N mm 2
Poissons ratio
= 0,3
Partial factor
M0 = 1,0
The dimensions of the section centre line are:
Web height
hp = h tnom = 200 2 = 198 mm
Width of upper flange
bp1 = b1 tnom = 74 2 = 72 mm
Width of bottom flange
bp2 = b2 tnom = 66 2 = 64 mm
Width of edge fold
cp = c tnom 2 = 20 ,8 2 2 = 19 ,8 mm
EN1993-1-3
3.2.4(3)
EN1993-1-3
2(3)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Checking of geometrical proportions

The design method of EN1993-1-3 can be applied if the following conditions EN1993-1-3
are satisfied:
5.2
b t 60
b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 OK
c t 50
c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 OK
h t 500
h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 OK
In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

stiffener itself, the size of stiffener should be within the following range:

0,2 c b 0,6
c b1 = 20,8 74 = 0,28
0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 OK
c b2 = 20,8 66 = 0,32
0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 OK
The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:
r t5
r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 OK
r bp 0,10
r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 OK
EN1993-1-3
5.1(3)
r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 OK
Gross section properties
Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 (2 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198) = 732 mm2

Position of the centroidal axis with regard to the upper flange:
z b1 =
[c (h
p
cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp2 2 + cp2 2 t

Abr
= 96,88 mm
Effective section properties of the flanges and lips in compression
The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3

properties of the compressed flange and the lip (plane element with edge 5.5.3.2
stiffener). The calculation should be carried out in three steps:
Step 1:
Obtain an initial effective cross-section for the stiffeners using effective
EN1993-1-3
widths of the flanges determined by assuming that the compressed flanges are 5.5.3.2 (3)
doubly supported, the stiffener gives full restraint ( K = ) and that design
strength is not reduced ( com,Ed = f yb / M 0 ).
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Effective width of the compressed flanges

The stress ratio: = 1 (uniform compression), so the buckling factor is:
k = 4 for internal compression element.
EN1993-1-3
5.5.2 and
= 235 f yb
EN1993-1-5
4.4
For the upper flange:

The relative slenderness:
p,b1 =
bp1 t
28,4 k
72 1,96
= 0,789
28,4 235 350 4

The width reduction factor is:
1 =
p,b1 0,055(3 + )
p,b1
0,789 0,055 (3 + 1)
= 0,914
0,789 2
The effective width is:

beff1 = 1bp1 = 0 ,914 72 = 65,8 mm
be11 = be12 = 0 ,5beff1 = 0 ,5 65,8 = 32 ,9 mm

For the bottom flange:
p,b2 =
bp2 t
28,4 k
64 1,96
= 0,702
28,4 235 350 4
2 =
p,b2 0 ,055(3 + )
p,b2
0,702 0,055 (3 + 1)
= 0 ,978
0,702 2

beff2 = 2 bp2 = 0 ,978 64 = 62 ,6 mm
be21 = be22 = 0,5beff2 = 0 ,5 62 ,6 = 31,3 mm
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Effective width of the edge fold

EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(5a)
For the upper edge fold:

The buckling factor is:
if bp,c bp 0 ,35 :
k = 0,5
if 0 ,35 < bp,c bp 0 ,6 :
k = 0 ,5 + 0 ,83 3 (bp,c bp 0 ,35)
bp,c bp1 = 19 ,8 72 = 0 ,275 < 0 ,35
so
k 1 = 0 ,5
p,c1 =
cp t
28,4 k 1
19,8 1,96
= 0,614
28,4 235 350 0,5
EN1993-1-5
4.4

1 =
p,c1 0,188
p,c1
0,614 0,188
= 1,13 but 1 so 1 = 1
0,614 2
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(5a)
ceff1 = cp 1 = 19 ,8 1 = 19 ,8 mm
Effective area of the upper edge stiffener:

As1 = t (be12 + ceff1 ) = 1,96 (32 ,9 + 19 ,8) = 103,3 mm 2
5.5.3.2(6)
For the bottom edge fold:
EN1993-1-3
The buckling factor is:
5.5.3.2(5a)
bp,c bp2 = 19 ,8 64 = 0 ,309 < 0 ,35
so
k 2 = 0 ,5
p,c2 =
cp t
28,4 k 2
19,8 1,96
= 0,614
28,4 235 350 0,5
2 =
p,c2 0,188
p,c2
0 ,614 0 ,188
= 1,13 but 1 so 2 = 1
0 ,614 2
EN1993-1-5
4.4
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of

ceff2 = cp 2 = 19 ,8 1 = 19 ,8 mm
Effective area of the bottom edge stiffener:

As2 = t (be22 + ceff2 ) = 1,96 (31,3 + 19 ,8) = 100 ,2 mm 2
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(5a)
5.5.3.2(6)
EN1993-1-3
Use the initial effective cross-section of the stiffener to determine the 5.5.3.2(3)
reduction factor, allowing for the effects of the continuous spring restraint.
Step 2:
The elastic critical buckling stress for the edge stiffener is:

cr,s =
2 K E Is
As
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(7)
where:
K is the spring stiffness per unit length,
Is is the effective second moment of area of the stiffener.
For the upper edge stiffener:
The spring stiffness is:
1
E t3
K1 =
2
3
2
4(1 ) b1 hp + b1 + 0,5 b1 b2 hp k f
with:
b1 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener in
compression (upper flange)
b1 = bp1
be12 t be12 2
32,9 1,96 32,9 2
= 72
= 61,73 mm
(be12 + ceff ) t
(32,9 + 19,8) 1,96
b2 distance from the web to the centre of the effective area of the stiffener
in compression (bottom flange)
b2 = bp2
be22 t be22 2
31,3 1,96 31,3 2
= 64
= 54,41 mm
(be22 + ceff2 ) t
(31,3 + 19,8) 1,96
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1(5)
CALCULATION SHEET
kf =
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
As2 100 ,2
=
= 0 ,97 for a member in axial compression
As1 103,3
K1 = 0,331 N mm 2
The effective second moment of area:
2
2
3
2
ceff1
b t3 c t
ceff1
ceff1
I s1 = e12 + eff1 + be12 t
+
c
t
eff1
12
12
2(be12 + ceff1 )
2 2(be12 + ceff1 )
I s1 = 3663 mm 4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the upper edge stiffener is

cr,s1 =
2 0,331 210000 3663

= 309 N mm 2
103,3
For the bottom edge stiffener:

The spring stiffness is:
E t3
1
K2 =
2
,
3
2
4(1 ) b2 hp + b2 + 0,5 b1 b2 hp kf
K 2 = 0,406 N mm 2
The effective second moment of area:
2
3
2
2
ceff2
be22 t 3 ceff2 t
ceff2
ceff2
I s2 =
+
+ be22 t
+ ceff2 t
12
12
2(be22 + ceff2 )
2(be22 + ceff2 )
2
I s2 = 3618 mm 4
so, the elastic critical buckling stress for the bottom edge stiffener is
cr,s2 =
2 0,406 210000 3618

= 350,7 N mm 2
100,2
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of
Thickness reduction factor d for the edge stiffener

f yb cr,s1 = 350 309 = 1,064
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.1(7)
The reduction factor will be:

if d 0 ,65
d = 1,0
if 0 ,65 < d < 1,38
d = 1,47 0 ,723d
if d 1,38
d = 0 ,66 d

0 ,65 < d1 = 1,064 < 1,38
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(3)
Figure 5.10d
d1 =
so
EN1993-1-5
4.4(2)
d1 = 1,47 0,723 1,064 = 0,701

d2 =
f yb cr,s2 = 350 350 ,7 = 0 ,999
The reduction factor will be:

0 ,65 < d2 = 0 ,999 < 1,38
so
d2 = 1,47 0,723 0,999 = 0,748
Step 3:
As the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener is d < 1, iterate to refine
the value of the reduction factor for buckling of the stiffener.
The iterations are carried out based on modified values of obtained using:
com,Ed,i = d f yb M0 and
p,red = p d
The iteration stops when the reduction factor converges.

Initial values (iteration 1):
Final values (iteration n):
d1 = 0,701
d1 = d1,n = 0 ,683
be12 = 32 ,9 mm
be12 = be12,n = 36 mm
ceff1 = 19,8 mm
ceff1 = ceff1,n = 19 ,8 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(3)
Figure 5.10e
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2 (10)
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
of

Initial values (iteration 1):
Final values (iteration n):
d2 = 0,748
d2 = d2,n = 0 ,744
be22 = 31,3 mm
be22 = be22,n = 32 mm
ceff2 = 19 ,8 mm
ceff2 = ceff2,n = 19 ,8 mm
Final values of effective properties for flanges and lips in compression are:
For the upper flange and lip:
d1 = 0,683
be12 = 36 mm
ceff1 = 19 ,8 mm

and be11 = 32,9 mm

For the bottom flange and lip:
d2 = 0,744
be22 = 32 mm
ceff2 = 19 ,8 mm
and be 21 = 31,3 mm
t red,1 = t d1 = 1,96 0,683 = 1.34 mm
t red,2 = t d2 = 1,96 0,744 = 1,46 mm
EN1993-1-3
5.5.3.2(12)
Effective section properties of the web

The stress ratio: = 1 (uniform compression), so the buckling factor is:
k = 4 for internal compression element.
and
= 235 f yb
EN1993-1-5
4.4
p,h =
hp t
28,4 k
198 1,96
= 2,171
28,4 235 350 4
p,h 0 ,055(3 + )
p,h
EN1993-1-3
5.5.2
2,171 0,055 (3 + 1)
= 0,414
2 ,1712
CALCULATION SHEET
Document Ref:
SX023a-EN-EU
Title

Eurocode Ref
EN 1993-1-3
Made by
Date
Dec 2005
Checked by
D. Dubina
Date
Dec 2005
Sheet
The effective width of the web is:

heff = hp = 0 ,414 198 = 82 mm
he1 = he2 = 0,5heff = 0 ,5 82 = 41 mm

Effective section properties
Effective cross-section area:
Aeff = t [be11 + be21 + he1 + he2 + (be12 + ceff1 ) d1 + (be22 + ceff2 ) d2 ]
Aeff = 436,7 mm 2

Position of the centroidal axis with regard to the upper flange:
z G1
2
2
ceff2
he2 he1
ceff1 d1
+
t ceff2 d2 hp
+ hp (be22 d2 + be21 ) + he2 hp
+
2
2
2
2
=
Aeff
z G1 = 98,44 mm
Position of the centroidal axis with regard to the bottom flange:
z G2 = hp z G1 = 198 98 ,44 = 99 ,56 mm
of
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped

channel section in compression
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Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE
Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed

lipped channel section in compression
Reference(s)
ORIGINAL DOCUMENT
Name
Company
Date
Created by
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
05/12/2005
Technical content checked by
D. Dubina
BRITT Ltd. Timisoara,

Romania
08/12/2005
1. UK
G W Owens
SCI
12/4/06
2. France
A Bureau
CTICM
12/4/06
3. Sweden
B Uppfeldt
SBI
11/4/06
4. Germany
C Mller
RWTH
11/4/06
5. Spain
J Chica
Labein
12/4/06
G W Owens
SCI
11/9/06
Editorial content checked by

Technical content endorsed by the

following STEEL Partners:
Resource approved by Technical

Coordinator
TRANSLATED DOCUMENT
This Translation made and checked by:
Translated resource approved by:
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Calculation of Effective Section Properties For A Cold-Formed Lipped Channel Section in Compression PDF

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Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a cold-formed lipped channel section in compression

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Example: Calculation of effective section

Created on Friday, February 20, 2009

The dimensions of the cross-section and the material properties are:

Total width of bottom flange

Total width of edge fold

Steel core thickness

Basic yield strength

The dimensions of the section centre line are:

hp = h tnom = 200 2 = 198 mm

Width of upper flange

Width of bottom flange

Width of edge fold

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Checking of geometrical proportions

b1 t = 74 1,96 = 37,75 < 60 OK

c t = 20,8 1,96 = 10,61 < 50 OK

h t = 200 1,96 = 102,04 < 500 OK

In order to provide sufficient stiffness and to avoid primary buckling of the

Created on Friday, February 20, 2009

0,2 < 0,28 < 0,6 OK

0,2 < 0,32 < 0,6 OK

The influence of rounding of the corners is neglected if:

r t = 3 1,96 = 1,53 < 5 OK

r bp1 = 3 72 = 0,04 < 0,10 OK

r bp 2 = 3 64 = 0,05 < 0,10 OK

Gross section properties

Abr = t (2cp + bp1 + bp2 + hp ) = 1,96 (2 19,8 + 72 + 64 + 198) = 732 mm2

cp 2 ) + bp2 hp + hp2 2 + cp2 2 t

Effective section properties of the flanges and lips in compression

The general (iterative) procedure is applied to calculate the effective EN1993-1-3

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective width of the compressed flanges

For the upper flange:

Created on Friday, February 20, 2009

The width reduction factor is:

The effective width is:

be11 = be12 = 0 ,5beff1 = 0 ,5 65,8 = 32 ,9 mm

The width reduction factor is:

The effective width is:

be21 = be22 = 0,5beff2 = 0 ,5 62 ,6 = 31,3 mm

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

Effective width of the edge fold

For the upper edge fold:

if 0 ,35 < bp,c bp 0 ,6 :

k = 0 ,5 + 0 ,83 3 (bp,c bp 0 ,35)

bp,c bp1 = 19 ,8 72 = 0 ,275 < 0 ,35

The relative slenderness:

Created on Friday, February 20, 2009

The width reduction factor is:

The effective width is:

Effective area of the upper edge stiffener:

For the bottom edge fold:

The buckling factor is:

bp,c bp2 = 19 ,8 64 = 0 ,309 < 0 ,35

The relative slenderness:

The width reduction factor is:

Example: Calculation of effective section properties for a

The effective width is:

Effective area of the bottom edge stiffener:

Created on Friday, February 20, 2009