Introductory Psychology Chapters 10-12 Review

Chapter 10
1. Define Personality
2. Describe the psychodynamic perspective and how it contributed to the study
of personality.
a. Describe the psychodynamic perspective
b. Freuds theory of psychosexual development
c. Define the Id, Ego, and Superego and how they work in personality
d. Stages of psychosexual development, including: Oral, Anal, Phallic,
Latency, and Genital phases and what the key conflict is in each phase
e. Understand what neo-Freudians, including Jung, Adler, Horney, and
Erikson, thought of Freuds theory and how they adapted it.
3. Explain the trait perspective and the Big Five trait model.
a. Hippocrates 4 humors / bodily fluids (yellow bile, blood, phlegm, &
black bile) and how they relate to personality
b. Eysenks trait theory: Introversion vs Extraversion and Emotional Stability
vs Instability (neuroticism)
c. The Big Five \ Five Factor Model: Openness, Conscientiousness,
Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.
d. Biolology and Traits (heritability)
e. Positive Psychology and Trait Theory
4. Identify the contributions of learning theory to understanding personality.
a. John Watson and Skinner and Behaviorist perspective
b. Social Cognitive Theory: Personal Variables and Situational Variables
i. The impact of expectancies, self-efficacy, and observational
learning
ii. Gender Typing and Gender-Schema theory
5. Describe the humanistic-existential perspective on personality.
a. Define what the humanistic-existential perspective focuses on
b. Self-Awareness, and how people are capable of free choice, selffulfillment, and ethical behavior
c. Abraham Maslow and self-actualization
d. Carl Rogers Self-theory: Impact of our values, including self-concepts
and frames of reference.
i. Unconditional Positive Regard
6. Describe the sociocultural perspective on personality.
a. Individualism vs. Collectivism
b. Acculturation, adjustment, and self-esteem
7. Describe the different kinds of tests psychologists use to measure personality.
a. Reliability and Validity in personality tests
b. Objective tests, such as the MMPI, and its strengths
c. Define Projective tests, such as the Rorschach and the Thematic
Apperception Test (TAT)

Chapter 11
8. Define stress and identify various sources of stress.
a. Health Psychology and what it studies
b. What is stress? Is it all bad?
c. Daily Hassles and Life Changes
d. Blake and Colleagues: Life Change Units
e. Stress in America: the APA survey on what stress reactions Americans
have, how they cope with them, and what causes them the most stress
f. Conflict: What is it? Define the four types of conflict: ApproachApproach, Avoidance-Avoidance, Approach-Avoidance, and Multiple
Approach-Avoidance
g. Alfred Ellis: Irrational Beliefs and the A (Activating Event) B (Belief) C
(Consequence) approach
h. Differences between Type A and Type B Behavior Patterns
9. Identify the psychological moderators of stress.
a. Identify and understand the importance of psychological factors, such as
self-efficacy, psychological hardiness, sense of humor, predictability and
control, and social support.
10. Describe the impact of stress on the body.
a. General Adaptation Syndrome
i. How the body activates and reacts to stress, including the fight-orflight reaction, and what happens to the body over time when the
stress isnt removed
ii. Three phases: Alarm Reaction, Adaptation/Resistance Phase, &
Exhaustion
b. Effects of Stress on the Immune System
i. What psychological factors can help mitigate the effects?
ii. How stress negatively impacts the immune system.
11. Explain the relationships between psychology and health.
a. Define the Bio-psycho-social approach and how it stresses there is no one
easy answer
b. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD): What are the risk factors?
c. Cancer: What are the risk factors?

Chapter 12
12. Define psychological disorders and describe their prevalence.
a. What is a psychological disorder?
b. What are the general criteria for a disorder?
c. What various perspectives have explained disorders throughout the years?
(Especially the bio-psycho-social and diathesis stress model)
d. Classifying psychological disorders
i. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of Mental Disorders,
currently in the 5th Edition (DSM-5) (Remember, this new edition
was just recently published, after your book was printed).
ii. What are the Reliability and Validity of the DSM?
e. What is the general prevalence of psychological disorders?
13. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of anxiety disorders.
a. What are the features of anxiety disorders (psychological and physical)?
b. Types of anxiety disorders: Specific Phobias, Panic Disorder, Generalized
Anxiety Disorder, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders
(Post-Traumatic Stress & Acute Stress Disorders)
c. Biological, psychological, and social perspectives on explaining anxiety
disorders
14. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of dissociative disorders.
a. What is a dissociative disorder?
b. Types of dissociative disorders: Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative
Fugue, Dissociative Identity Disorder, and Depersonalization.
c. Biopsychosocial explanations of dissociative disorders
15. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of somatoform disorders.
a. Define somatoform disorders
b. Types of somatoform disorders: Conversion Disorder, Hypochondriasis, &
Body Dysmorphic Disorder.
c. How somatoform disorders are explained. What are common features of
people with these disorders?
16. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of mood disorders.
a. What is a mood disorder?
b. Types of Mood Disorders: Major Depression vs Bipolar Disorder
c. Biological & Psychological factors contributing to depression & bipolar
disorder
d. Women and Depression
e. Suicide: risk factors, sociocultural factors, and myths about it.
17. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of schizophrenia.
a. Define schizophrenia
b. Positive vs. Negative symptoms
c. Types of Schizophrenia: Paranoid Type, Disorganized Type, Catatonic
Type
d. Biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to the development of
schizophrenia
e. The Insanity plea: factors involved in its use
18. Describe the symptoms and possible origins of personality disorders.

a. What is a personality disorder? How are they different from other

disorders?
b. Types of Personality Disorders: Paranoid Personality Disorder,
Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder,
Borderline Personality Disorder, Antisocial Personality Disorder, and
Avoidant Personality Disorder.
c. Biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors in the development of
personality disorders.