Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
column base
Frantiek Wald
Czech Technical University in Prague
Motivation
To present
o Content/principles
o Selected particularities
o Questions
To offer
o Worked examples
for design according to EN1993-1-8: 2005 of
Bolts
Welds
Column bases
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
pg.
General
Preloaded bolts
3.2 Rivets
3.3 Anchor bolts
3.4 Categories of bolted connections
3.4.1
3.4.2
Shear connections
Tension connections
3.10
3.10.1
3.10.2
3.10.3
3.10.4
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.13.1
3.13.2
20
20
20
20
21
21
21
21
23
24
24
28
29
29
30
30
31
31
31
General
Design for block tearing
Angles connected by one leg and other unsymmetrically connected members in tension
Lug angles
31
32
33
34
Prying forces
Distribution of forces between fasteners at the ultimate limit state
Connections made with pins
34
34
35
General
Design of pins
35
35
Bolt standards
EN 15048
Non-preloaded structural bolting assemblies
o Part 1: General requirements
o Part 2: Suitability test
EN 14399
Part 3: System HR
Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Part 4: System HV
Hexagon bolt and nut assemblies
Mechanical properties
EN ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy
steel Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs (ISO 898-1:1999)
EN 20898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners Part 2: Nuts with specified
proof load values Coarse thread (ISO 898-2:1992)
Material
Bolts made of carbon steel and alloy steel:
4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, 10.9
Nuts made of carbon steel and alloy steel:
Bolts made of austenitic stainless steel:
4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12
50, 70, 80
Nuts made of austenitic stainless steel:
50, 70, 80
Washers (if appropriate) according to
hardness class HV 100 or HV 200
EN 1993-1-8
Material Properties
Nominal values for bolts
fyb is yield strength
fub is ultimate tensile strength
Bolt class
4.6
4.8
5.6
5.8
6.8
8.8
10.9
fyb
(N/mm2)
240
320
300
400
480
640
900
fub
(N/mm2)
400
400
500
500
600
800
1000
Holes
o Normal
+1 mm for M 12
+2 mm for M 16 up M 24
v A fub
M2
Fv, Rd
Resistance in bearing
Fb,Rd
d0
k1 ab d t fu
M2
where b is the smallest of d, fub or 1,0
fu
d
e1
p1
p1
1
e1
,
for
inner
bolts
d
- for end bolts: d
3 d0 4
3 d0
Fb.Sd
Inner bolt
Outer bolt
Resistance in Bearing
Load on a bolt not parallel to the edge
the bearing resistance may be verified separately
for the bolt load components parallel and normal to the edge
R 10
20
30
e1 40
p 1 60
e1 40
tw
5,6
IPE 200
P 10 - 140 x 100
M 20 - 5.6
L 140
tp
10
10
50
10
4
4
VSd = 110
k1 b d t fu
M2
3 d0
p
1
0 ,25
3 d
b min 0
fub
fu
e1 p1 p1 e1
e2
p2
p2
e2
a
e
k1 b d t fu
2 ,8
k1 min 1,4
M2
e2
1,7
d0
p2
1,7
d0
2 ,5
e1 p1 p1 e1
e2
e2
p2
a2
p2
e2
a2
e2
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
e1 p1 e1
Influence of distances
e1 =
p1 =
e2 =
p2 =
e2
p2
e2
2 ,8
k1 min 1,4
e2
1,7
d0
p2
1,7 min
d0
2 ,5
Fb ,Rd
Internal bolts
Fb ,Rd
3 d0
3 d0
2 ,2 d 0
p
b 1 0 ,25
0 ,25 0 ,483
3 d0
3 d0
1,2 d 0
2
,
8
1
,
7
d0
2 ,4 d 0
1,7 min
1,4
d0
2 ,5
k1 ab d t fu
M2
k1 ab d t fu
M2
1,66 0 ,400 d t fu
M2
1,66 0 ,483 d t fu
M2
1,66
1,66 1,66
2 ,5
0 ,664
0 ,802
d t fu
M2
d t fu
M2
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
e1 p1 e1
Sum
e2
p2
e2
e1 = 1,2 d0
p1 = 3,0 d0
e2 = 1,5 d0
p2 = 3,0 d0
Sum of resistances
Fb,Rd 2 1,875
Minimal resistance
Fb,Rd 4 1,0
d t fu
M2
d t fu
M2
2 1,00
4 ,0
d t fu
M2
d t fu
M2
5,75
d t fu
M2
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Pitch distances
Min
p1 = 2,2 d0
p2 = 2,4 d0
optimum e1 from 1,2 d0 to 1,45 d0
e2 = 1,2 d0
Fb ,Rd
Large
p1 = 3,75 d0
p2 = 3,0 d0
e1 = 3,0 d0
e2 = 1,5 d0
k1 ab d t fu
M2
Fb ,Rd
1,66 0 ,483 d t fu
k1 ab d t fu
M2
M2
2 ,5 1,0 d t fu
M2
0 ,802
2 ,5
d t fu
M2
d t fu
M2
Steel S690
B3
B2
B1
B3
B3
B2
B3
B2
B1
B2
Last-Verformungskurve
Versuch VL-100-220-385
Last-Verfromungskurve
Versuch VL-240-320-385
350
500
Fu = 297kN
B1
= 27%
250
400
Fb,R,max = 426
Fb,R = 234kN
200
Kraft Fx [kN]
Kraft Fx [kN]
Fu,test =
432kN
Fv ,R = 438
300
150
300
200
100
100
50
0
0
Comparison to EN
Verformung ux [mm]
e1 and p1 min.
e1 and p1 max.
10
12
Fu/FEN3 = 1,27
Fu/FEN3 1,02
10
Verschiebung ux [mm]
University of Dortmund,
Institute of Steel Structures
12
Numerical model
Good agreement
Diffference D=5,5%
18
18
40 40 8 16 8
40 40 8 16 8
M 16
M 16
10
35
50
25
10
35
50
25
110
110
Force, F, kN
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Displacement , mm
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Block tearing
Failure in shear at the row of bolts
along the shear face of the hole group
accompanied by
Tensile rupture
along the line of bolt holes
on the tension face of the bolt group
N Ed
N Ed
Test
Orbison J.G., Wagner M. E., Fritz W.P. 1999, Tension plane behavior in single-row bolted
connections subject to block shear, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 49,
225 239
FE model
Rupture
Topkaya C., 2004, A finite element parametric study on block shear failure of steel
tension members, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 60, 1615 1635,
ISSN 0143-974X.
Design model
Symmetric bolt group subject to concentric loading
Veff,1,Rd = fu Ant / M2 + (1/3) fy Anv / M0
Ant net area subjected to tension
Anv net area subjected to shear
Eccentric loading
Veff,2,Rd = 0,5 fu Ant / M2 + (1/3) fy Anv / M0
WE
70
40
35
25
Brussels, 16 - 17 October
35 2014
240
L - 100 x 100 10
materil 1.4401
30 + 7 x 30 +30
8 x M16; 70
60
240
Veff,1,Rd
fu A nt 1
A
fy nv
M2
3 M0
2 240 7 18 1 9 10
0,5 530 35 2 9 10 1
220
36 362 397 kN
3
3
1,25 10
1,0 10
3
In angle (staggered rows)
0,5 fu,p A nt 1
A
Veff,2,Rd
fy,p nv
M2
M0
3
240 4 18 10
0,5 530 60 18 9 10 1
220
70 175 245 kN
3
3
1,25 10
1,0 10
3
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Worked example
Fin plate connection
3 x M20, 8.8
P10 - 230 x 110
meteril S235
35
IPE 300
S235
10
45
70
230
70
VSd = 100 kN
45
5
50 50
60
HEA 200
S235
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
45
70
70
230
70
70
45
50
50
VRd,11
M2
A
1
fy,b1 nv 0,5 360 50 11 7,1 1 235 220 2 22 11 7,1
M0
3
1,25 103
1,0 103
3
39,9 159 kN 199 kN
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
70
70
70
45
50
In beam web
NRd,u,6
fu,b1 Ant
M,u
50
360 7,1140 2 22 1
2 7,150 11
Anv
1
235
fy,b1
1,1
1,0
M0
3
3
223 75.1 298 kN
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
45
e 2 =35
2 L80 6
40 70
e1
70
p1
70
70 40
6
8
Nu,Rd
0,9 Anet fu
M2
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
45
e 2 =35
2 L80 6
40 70
e1
70
p1
70
70 40
6
8
Bolts in shear
Two shear planes
Shear in bolt thread
Resistance for one bolt
Fv.Rd 2
v As fub
0,6 245 500
2
117,6 kN
M2
1,25
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
45
e 2 =35
2 L80 6
40 70
e1
70
p1
70
70 40
6
8
e
35
e1
40
0,606
3 d
3 22
fub
500
b min
min
min1,389 0,606
f
360
u
1,0
1,0
1,0
Fb,Rd
87,3 kN
1,25
k1 2,5
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
45
e 2 =35
2 L80 6
40 70
e1
70
p1
70
70 40
6
8
e
35
1
1
p1
70
0,811
3 d 4
3 22 4
fub
500
b min
min
min1,389 0,811
fu
360
1,0
1,0
1,0
Fb,Rd
k1 2,5
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
117,6 kN
87,3 kN
93,4 kN
Satisfactory
Unsatisfactory
Future?
Advanced models
of bolted connections
o FEM research models
o Validated on experiments
Fan model
of bolts
o Summary
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Type of weld
Fillet welds
Fillet welds all round
Butt welds
Plug welds
Flare groove welds
38
38
38
38
38
40
40
41
41
41
42
42
42
42
44
45
45
45
45
45
46
46
48
48
48
49
Electrode classification
EN 499 classification of carbon and low alloy steel electrodes
Covered electrode / manual metal arc welding
Strength & elongation
Impact properties (47J at 0oC)
Type of electrode covering (rutile-cellulosic)
Recovery and type of current
Welding position (all positions)
E 38 0 RC 1 1
o Summary
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Fillet welds
Definition of effective throat thickness a
The effective throat thickness
of a fillet weld
should not be less than 3 mm
Plane Stresses
Huber-Mises-Henckey condition of plasticity (HMH)
o Triaxial state of stress (needed exceptionally only)
z
o Plane state of stress (needed very often)
x2 + z2 - x2 z2 + 32 (fy / M) 2
2^ 3 2^ 2II
fu
f u b w Mw
f u Mw
bw Correlation factor
Mw Partial safety factor for material of welds
EN 10210
EN 10219
Correlation factor
w
S 235
S 235 W
S 235 H
S 235 H
0,80
S 275
S 275 N/NL
S 275 M/ML
S 275 H
S 275 NH/NLH
S 275 H
S 275 NH/NLH
S 275 MH/MLH
0,85
S 355
S 355 N/NL
S 355 M/ML
S 355 W
S 355 H
S 355 NH/NLH
S 355 H
S 355 NH/NLH
S 355 MH/MLH
0,90
S 420 MH/MLH
1,00
S 460 NH/NLH
S 460 MH/MLH
1,00
S 420 N/NL
S 420 M/ML
S 460 N/NL
S 460 M/ML
S 460 Q/QL/QL1
S 460 NH/NLH
55
o Summary
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Throat
thickness, not
leg length
w Mw
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
^ ^ R
2
Ignored parallel fillet
weld
Has to be satisfied
2^ 3 2^ f u b w Mw
After substitution
2 +3 R
R f u b w Mw 2
2 2R f u b w Mw
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Connection of cantilever
Shear force
Sd
= FSd.
^1 = ^1 = M Sd
2 W we ,1
^ 2 = ^ 2 = M Sd
2 W we , 2
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
V l = V Sd S I
VSd
o Summary
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
t fb
t fc 2 fyc
beff t wc 2 s 7
t fb fyb
twc
tfc
tfb
s
rc
t fc
t wc
beff
Effective Width
Unstiffened column flanges
In EN1993-1-8 Clause 6.2.4.4
Ft,fc,Rd t wc 2 s 7 k t fc
fyc t fc
k min
; 1
f t
yb
fb
twc
tfc
tfb
s
t fb fyb
M0
o Summary
Welds
o General
o Fillet weld
oDesign model
oDesign example
oWelding to flexible plate
o Summary
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Summary
o Chapter 4 in EN1993-1-8: 2005
o Rules for connection of open sections
o Size of welds
o Weld design for full resistance
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
t
a 0,7
fu / Mw
= FSd / (t h)
FSd is the acting design force
fu is plate design strength
t is the thinness of connecting plate
b is width of connecting plate
^
^
FSd
a 0,7
( fy / M0 ) t
fu / Mw
(235 / 1,0) t
0,7
0,47 t 0,5 t
360 / 1,25
66
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
= VSd / (t h)
VSd
VSd
Weld Design
or Full Resistance of Connecting Members
Loading by normal force
0,5 t
Loading by shear force
0,3 t
Compare to AISC is less economical design
AISC LRFD matching with SMAW
fy
(N/mm2)
EN1993-1-8: 2005
fEXX
Steel grade
fw.u.side
(N/mm2)
235
60 414
70 483
0,37 t
0,33 t
S235
208
0,37 t
355
70 483
0,49 t
S355
262
0,45 t
420
80 552
0,51 t
S420 M
S420 N
230
240
0,61 t
0,58 t
485
90 621
0,52 t
S460 M
S460 N
245
254
0,63 t
0,61 t
(ksi N/mm2)
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
70
Component method
cl. 6.2.8
Components
o Concrete block in compression
and base plate in bending
71
Background materials
Wald F., Sokol Z., Steenhuis M. and Jaspart, J.P.,
Component Method for Steel Column Bases,
Heron. 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 3-20, ISSN 0046-7316
Steenhuis M., Wald F., Sokol Z. and Stark J.W.B.,
Concrete in Compression and Base Plate in Bending,
Heron. 2008, vol. 53, no. 1/2, 51-68, ISSN 0046-7316.
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Component
Concrete in compression and base plate in bending
Design principles
Column flange
FSd
3D behaviour od concrete D
Design bearing strength of the joint fjd
Base plate
74
3D behaviour
Concentrated force for at concrete resistance FRd,u
o Design bearing strength of joint cl. 6.2.5(7)
o Area of crushing of the concrete Ac0
o According to cl. 6.7(2) in EN 1992-1-1
Ac1
3,0 Ac0 fcd
Ac0
Load axes
Ac0 = b1 d1
Ac1 = b2 d2
h b2 b1; h d2 d1
3 b1 b2 a 3 d1 d2
h
75
Load axes
Area
b j FRdu
bef lef
b j Ac0 fcd
Ac0
Ac1
Ac0
b j fcd
3,0 fcd
Ac0
Ac0
77
F
Flexible base plate on concrete
block
Column
FRd
Sd
tw
Base plate
M = t
6 M0
and the bending moment per unit length on the base plate of span c and
loaded by distributed load is
1 2
M = fj c
2
where fj is concrete bearing strength
fj
c
c
Effective width c t
fy
3 f jd M0
where
t is the plate thickness
fy is the base plate yield strength c
fjd is the design bearing strength cof the joint
c
M0 is the partial safety factor for concrete
c
c
Ap
A eq
Effective
area
c
c
c
Stiffness
F ar
0,85 F
Stiffness coefficient
E Ip
E c aeq,el L
E c aeq,el L
F
kc
E 1,5 0,85 E
1,275 E
aeq,el t w + 2 ,5 t aeq,st =
= tw + 2 c = tw + 2 t
fy
3 f jd M0
Validation to experiments
Force, kN
1800
1600
Calculated strength
1400
Experiment
Concrete and grout
Concrete
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7 Deformation, mm
tw
d
Lower nut
Influence of grout
o Grout higher quality than concrete block
b1 = 2/3 1,0
Packings
bj = 2 / 3
f c.g 0,2 f c
t g 0,2 min (a ; b)
t g 0,2 min (a ; b)
t
tg
tg
tg
45
tg
45
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Component
Anchor bolts in tension and base plate in bending
o Base plate compare to end plate
Column flange
e m
t
l eff
Base plate
on experiment
Question of contact
FF1-2
Q=0
Q=0
FRd.3
Bt.Rd
FRd.1
Bt.Rd
B
Q
a)
Mode 3
b)
Bt.Rd
FRd.2
B t.Rd
B
Q
Mode 1
Q
c)
Mode 2
Failure mode 2
Failure mode 3
0,8
Tvar
poruen 1
0,6
0,4
0,2
0,0
0
0,5
1,5
o No prying force
o For Q = 0
o Limiting bolt length
Lb .lim
8 ,82m 3 As
Leff t 3
b = p n
Lb
p
Q=0
b
Q=0
Failure mode 1- 2
Design resistance in collapse 1 -2
FT,12,Rd
2 Mpl,1,Rd
m
l 1 2 m 4 m 1,25 e
l2 4 m
In case of prying
l 1 2 m 4 m 1,25 e
l2 2 m
e m
e
ex
mx
0 ,8
2 a
bp
l
Prying case
1 = 4 mx + 1,25 ex
2 = 2 mx
3 = 0.5 bp
4 = 0.5 w + 2 mx + 0.625 ex
5 = e + 2 mx + 0.625 ex
6 = mx + 2 e
7 = mx + w
eff,1 = min (1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 )
eff,2 = min (1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 )
No prying case
1 = 4 mx + 1.25 ex
2 = 2 mx
3 = 0.5 bp
4 = 0.5 w + 2 mx + 0.625 ex
l5 = e + 2 mx + 0.625 ex
6 = 2 mx + 4 e
7 = 2 ( mx + w )
eff,1 = min (1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 ; 6 ; 7 )
eff,2 = min (1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4 ; 5 )
b
(a)
m
Leff .1 m
Leff .5 m
a
ac
bc
b
2
a
Leff .2
Leff .4
eb
m
ea
a a c 2 b bc 2
Leff .3
ea
2
2
eb
8 e a eb
e a eb
a ac 2 b bc 2
Wald F., Bouguin V., Sokol Z., Muzeau J.P., Component Method for Base Plate of RHS, Proceedings of the
Conference Connections in Steel Structures IV: Steel Connections in the New Millenium, Roanoke
2000, IV/8- IV/816.
Heinisuo M., Perttola H., Ronni H., Joints between circular tubes, Steel Construction, 5(2) (2012) 101-107.
Stiffness coefficients
of component anchor bolts in tension and base plate in bending
For base plate of thickness t
For bolt
0,425 l eff t 3
kp
m3
kb 2,0
As
Lb
93
Comparison to experiments
Stiffens and resistance of anchor bolt with header plate
Force, kN
180
40
160
Experiment W13/98
140
Experiment W14/97
120
24 - 355
Prediction
100
P6 - 40 x 50
80
50
60
10
40
P10 - 95 x 95
315
365
40
10
6
5
20
0
0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,2
1,4
1,6
Deformation, mm
95
95
Comparison to experiments
Force, kN
350
300
Simplified prediction
250
Force, kN
300
W97-12
250
Experiment
200
m = 32
Complex calculation
150
200
Complex calculation
150
100
50
W97-02
0
m = 67
Simplified prediction
100
50
0
350
Deformation, mm
4
Deformation, mm
0
95
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Components in Shear
Tensile resistance
Fh
F2,vb,Rd
b fub As
Mb
where fub is bolt design strength (in range 640 MPa fub 235 N/mm2)
b = 0,44 0,0003 fyb
Mb
is safety factor for bolts
Gresnigt N., Romeijn A., Wald F., Steenhuis M.,
Column Bases in Shear and Normal Force, Heron (2008) 87-108.
98
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
o Force equilibrium
of affective area
Ft,l,Rd
z
z
Affective area
MEd
FC,R,Rd
z
z
NEd
Neutral axis
Ft,pl,Rd
Fc,pl,Rd
zt
zc
z
100
M - N interaction diagram
M1 , N 1
M 2, N 2
M N=0
Compression
Tension
Ft.Rd
M=0
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
t,l
MEd
NEd
c,r
zt,l
zc,r
z
c,l
zc,l
zc,r
c,r
103
Stiffness
Simplified contact area round the axes of compressed flange
MSd / NSd = konst.
M Sd / N Sd
E z2
Sj
1
M Sd / N Sd
ki
z k z k
c c t t
kc kt
1,5
c
c
cc
2 ,7
r/2
1
M Sd / N Sd
r/2
M Rd / N Sd
M Sd / N Sd
k t
kp
kb
kc
kc
kc
History of loading
M Rd
M oment
Non-proportional loading
Proportional loading
o Influence to stiffness
o No influence to resistance
S j.ini
Rotation
0
M oment
Non-proportional
loading
Proportional
loading
Column base
resistance
Normal force
105
M oment, kNm
t = 30 t
25
120
100
80
20
60
15
10
40
20
Rotation, mrad
0
0
10
15
20
25
30
Rd
M 20 - 10.9
Validation on experiment
Components
Assembly
Force, kN
200
100
Ekb
Anchor bolt
0
0,5
200 Force, kN
100 E k p
0
200
100
0
Base plate
0,5
E k c Force, kN
0,5 Concrete
Deformation, , mm
Moment, kNm
80
Experiment
W7-4.20-prop
60
N
40
Prediction
HE 160 B
t = 20
h = 500
20
0
0
10
Rotation, mrad
Validation on experiment
Proportional loading, bolt failure
Moment, kNm
80
W7-4.20-prop
60
40
Model
20
Experiment
0
10
12
Rotation, mrad
Moment, kNm
80
70
HE 160 B- 480
4 M 24 - 4.6- 420 60
P 20- 300 x 220 50
30 x 330 x 250 40
550 x 550 x 550
30
20
10
0
W7-4.20-prop
Normal force, kN
0
500
1000
S220-190
100
Moment, kNm
S220-190
500
80
80
60
60
40
20
0
HE 220 B - 900
2 M 20 - 10.9 - 320 160
P 20 - 280 x 280
140
30 x 250 x 250 120
1200 x 600 x 600
100
40
Model
Experiment
0
10
15
20
20
Rotation, mrad
0
0
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Classification
According to stiffness
Asked accuracy of design
5% in resistance
10% in serviceability
Similar to beam-to-column joints
b =
t = 12 mm
a 1 = b1 = 280 mm
a = b = 500 mm
h = 1000 mm
M 24 -420
S j,ini,pin = 7 100 kNm / rad
t = 40 mm
a 1 = b1 = 420 mm
a = b = 500 mm
h = 1000 mm
M 24 -420
S j,ini,stif = 74 800 kNm / rad
Fcr.pin
Fcr,res
1
0,9
S j,ini,pin
0,8
S j,ini,stif
0,7
0,6
0,0001
0,01
1,00
100,0
log S
115 kN
HE 200 B
yS / yP
y
4m
HE 200 B
1,0
115 kN
0,8
5m
0,6
S j,ini,pin
0,4
S j,ini,stif
0,2
0
0,0001
0,01
100
log S
1,0
0,8
j,ini,c,n
= 30 E I c/ L
0,6
S
0,4
j,ini,c,s =
12 E I / L
o = 1 ,36
Semirigid
0,2
Pinned
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
Rotation,
113
S j,ini 30 E Ic / Lc
114
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
FRd
4xP30-40x40
b2 = 850
b1 = 340
t = 18
30
h = 900
d1 = 340
d 2 = 850
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Ac1
b j fcd
Ac0
850 850
b 2 d2 2
= 12 / 1,5
b1 d1 3
340 340
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
fy
3 f j M0
18
235
43,7 mm
3 13,4 1,00
c
t f = 15
c
h c = 200
c
bc = 200 c
tw= 9
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
t f = 15
c
h c = 200
c
tw= 9
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
b2 = 1600
MEd
b = 420
1
HE 200 B
M 24
t = 30
30
ea = 50
e b = 90
h = 1000
p = 240
e c = 60
d 1 = 420
d2 = 1600
r b = 160
120
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Component
Anchor bolt and plate in bending
Bolt resistance
for M 24; As = 253 mm2
FT,3,Rd 2 Bt,Rd 2
0,9 fub As
mb
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
4 m 4 53,2 668,6
b
a
2 m 4 eb 2 53,2 4 90 694,2
l eff,1 210 mm
2 Leff,1 t 2 fy
4 m M0
370,0 103 N
4 60 1,00
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Component
Concrete block and plate in bending
Concrete crushing resistance
f jd b j fcd
Ac1
b j fcd
Ac0
b 2 d2 2
1420 1420
= 16 / 1,5
b1 d1 3
420 420
Force equilibrium
FEd Aeff f j FT,Rd
FEd FRd,3
f jd
28 458 mm 2
24 ,0
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
fy
3 f jd M0
235
54,2 mm
30
3 24 ,0 1 ,00
t f = 15
hc = 200
t f = 15
c bc = 200 c
c t w= 9 c
c
c
c
c
rt
beff r
c
Aeff
28 458
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
hc
b
200
92,3
c eff
54 ,2
108,1 mm
2
2
2
2
Bending resistance
for normal force FEd = 500 kN
MRd FT,3,Rd rb Aeff f jd rc
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Bending stiffness
Stiffness coefficient
t f = 15
b c = 15
o Anchor bolt
a eq
kb 2,0
As
353
2,0
2,7 mm
Lb
261,5
o Base plate
kb
0,425 Lb,eff t 3
m3
16,0 mm
3
53,2
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Bending stiffness
Stiffness coefficient
kc
Ec
27 500
aeq bc
90 200 13,8 mm
1,275 Es
1,275 210 000
hc t f 200 15
92,5 mm
2 2
2
2
1
1
kt
2,310 mm
1 1
1
1
kb kp 2,7 16,0
zc
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Bending stiffness
Lever arm
56,4 mm
kc k t
13,8 2,3
Eccentricity
M Rd 103,1 10 6
e
206,2 mm
3
FEd
500 10
Bending stiffness
Es r 2
210 000 252,52
e
206,2
S j,ini
1 206,2 56,4
1
ea
1
1
k
i
i
2,31 13,78
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Classification
Bending stiffness for column HE 200 B of length Lc = 4,0 m
4 000
Lc
9
S j,ini S j,ini
20,799 10
6,96
6
E s Ic
210 000 56,96 10
Rigid
1,0
0,8
j,ini,c,n
= 30 E I c/ L
0,6
S
0,4
j,ini,c,s =
12 E I / L
o = 1 ,36
Semirigid
0,2
Pinned
0
0
0,1
0,2
0,3
Rotation,
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
Normal force, kN
Rd
HE 200 B
M pl.Rd
1 835
1 000
M 24
t=
30
t=
40
h = 1 000
Npl.Rd
30
25
1 600
340 630
20
15
630
340
0
100
WE
WE
Eurocodes - Design of steel buildings with worked examples
M pl,Rd
30
25
20
15
Column end resistance
Moment, kNm
Model
contact column web and flanges
Column bases
o Basis of design
o Components
o Base plate and concrete in compression
o Base plate in bending and bolt in tension
o Anchor bolt in shear
o Assembly
o Resistance
o Stiffness
o Classification
o Worked examples
o Summary
Summary
o Component method
o Good accuracy of prediction
o In EN 1993-1-8 in 6 closures
Component based
model of column base
with base plate and
anchor plate
RFCS project INFASO+
o Design Manual I
o Design Manual II
o Software toll
http://www.steelconstruct.com/site
http://steel.fsv.cvut.cz/infaso
Material
nonlinear
design model
of plate
True stress-strain
Experimental
Design
o Welds
o Bolts
o Compressed plates
http://www.idea-rs.com
Fan model
of
anchor bolt
Thank you
for your attention
Frantiek Wald
Czech Technical University in Prague