Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Number
Working with
numbers
In previous years you have been introduced to new numbers and have found some
interesting facts about familiar numbers.
Now you will take a fresh look at some of that work and at the use of calculators.
Wordbank
Think!
Can you think of a simple way of evaluating 18 2?
What about
49 9 ?
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
CHAPTER 1
Start up
Worksheet
1-01
Brainstarters 1
Skillsheet
1-01
Factors and
divisibility
c 6 and 18
b 82
c 152
43
125
100
g 33
i
36
c 3 and 4
2
--5
1
--4
3
--8
5
?
--- = -----8
32
Skill
Examples
Multiplying by a multiple of 10
5 80 = 5 8 10 = 40 10 = 400
43 + 29 = 43 + 30 1 = 73 1 = 72
67 18 = 67 20 + 2 = 47 + 2 = 49
47 2 = double 40 + double 7 = 80 + 14 = 94
1
--- 144 = half of 140 + half of 4 = 70 + 2 = 172
2
1
--2
Estimating answers
43 + 125 + 66 + 32 40 + 130 + 70 + 30
= (130 + 70) + (40 + 30)
= 270
635 18 640 20 = 64 2 = 32
18 5 = 9 2 5 = 9 10 = 90
300 25 = 300 100 4 = 3 4 = 12
17 11 = 17 10 + 17 1 = 170 + 17 = 187
25 9 = 25 10 25 1 = 250 25 = 225
0.25 24 =
0.6 36 =
1
--4
2
--3
24 = 6
36 = ( 1--- 36) 2 = 12 2 = 24
3
Exercise 1-01
1 Use the mental calculation shortcuts shown in the table above to evaluate each of the
following expressions.
a 0.1 130
b 58 + 19
c 68 2
d 8 60
e Estimate 26 + 71 + 146 + 19 + 14
f 26 + 71 + 146 + 19 + 14
g 16 5
h 0.3 24
i 6 25 4
j 600 25
k 168 4
l 32 11
m 3 70
n 16 + 48
o 140 5
p 0.5 38
q Estimate 88 + 43 + 27 + 7 + 102
r 88 + 43 + 27 + 7 + 102
2 Use mental calculation shortcuts to evaluate these:
a 7 1000
b 14 15
c 400 50
f
k
p
u
392 8
0.25 44
0.75 20
15 8
g
l
q
v
16 25
80 5
382
27 99
h
m
r
w
475
22 8
5 900
28 + 35
d
i
n
s
x
1
--2
232
46 9
300 20
12 50
63 2
e 74 28
j 27 4
o 16 101
t 15 + 39
y 1--2- 826
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
CHAPTER 1
addition
subtraction
multiplication
division
Example 1
Complete this number grid:
+
14
8
12
Solution
+
8
14
13
22
12
17
26
14
5 + 8 14 + 8
13
22
5 + 12 14 + 12
12
17
26
Example 2
Simplify 504 18.
Solution
Method 1: Long division
28
18 ) 5 0 4
3 6
18 ) 5 0 4
1 8 0
10 times
324
1 8 0
10 times
144
1 4 4
18 into 50 goes 2
18 into 144 goes 8
144
90
5 times
54
54
3 times
0
504 18 = 28
28 times
Exercise 1-02
1 Copy and complete the following number grids:
a
17
23
48
95
Example 1
35
46
38
77
43
81
57
59
68
91 112
34
c
12
15
20
37
10
18
33
15
c 3417 + 45
g 1436 802
i 246 25
c 525 35
f 364 52
Example 2
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
CHAPTER 1
Working mathematically
Reasoning and communicating: Doubling numbers
Calculators always carry out calculations in the same way. People, however, can use
calculator answers to discover patterns and relationships between numbers.
1 a Use a calculator to double each of these numbers. (Write the answers.)
2358 4229 7490 63 236 180
b Choose your own numbers to double and write the answers.
2 Use your answers from Question 1 to explain what happens to numbers when you
double them.
a What happens to the number of digits?
b What happens to the number of zeros at the end?
3 Double these numbers and write the answers.
9 99 999 9999 99 999 etc.
a Can you see a pattern in the answers?
b How long before your calculator breaks the pattern? What does your calculator do?
4 What do you notice if you triple some numbers?
Integers
Worksheet
1-02
Integer review
Integers are the positive and negative whole numbers and zero. You have previously learned
the rules for operating with integers using the number line. Negative numbers can be entered
into a calculator using the sign change key +/ or () .
Example 3
Skillsheet
1-02
Integers
Solution
-2
Skillsheet
1-03
Integers using
diagrams
-1
On a calculator:
+/
The answer is 4.
Solution
-6
-5
-4
On a calculator:
-3
-2
-1
+/
The answer is 5.
+
When multiplying or dividing two numbers which
have the same sign, the answer is positive.
When multiplying or dividing two numbers which have different signs,
the answer is negative.
Example 4
Find the answer to 4 (2).
Solution
4 (2) = 4 + 2
=6
On a calculator: 4
The answer is 6.
+/
Example 5
Find the answer to:
a 3 5
b 6 (2)
Solution
a 3 5 = 15
On a calculator:
+/
b 6 (2) = 3
On a calculator:
5
+/
+/
The answer is 3.
Exercise 1-03
1 Find the answers to the following:
a 3 10
b 6 13
2 Find the answers to the following:
b 6 (4)
a 5 + (-8)
e 6 15
f 7 + 8
i 18 + 10 3
j 7 + 3 + 8
Example 3
c 12 3 11
d 2 7
Example 4
c 12 (5)
g 13 + 13
k 18 15 + 3 6
d 15 + 3
h 654
l 2 12 3 + 18
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
SkillBuilder
3-03
CHAPTER 1
Example 5
SkillBuilder
3-15
c
f
i
l
o
c 3 2 + 5
f 638
i 6 (2) (1)
(4) (8)
14 2
12 (4)
75 (5)
(5)2
5 We have a number of ways of saying add, such as plus and increase. Find other
words which mean to subtract and to multiply.
There are many situations in which it is impractical or impossible to give an exact answer.
If the length of a wall is measured or calculated to be 4.831 metres, we may approximate it
to 4.83 m or 4.8 m.
In Year 7, we looked at rounding a number to a certain number of decimal places.
To round a decimal:
cut the number at the required decimal place
look at the digit immediately to the right of the specied place
if this digit is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, leave the number in the specied place unchanged
if the digit is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, add 1 to the number in the specied place
Example 6
Round 5.261 correct to one decimal place.
Solution
5.2 61
cut The next digit is 6, so add 1 to the 2 in the tenths place, to give 3.
So 5.261 is 5.3 (correct to one decimal place).
Example 7
Round 4.8239 correct to two decimal places.
Solution
4.82 39
cut The next digit is 3, so the number 2 does not change.
So 4.8239 is 4.82 (correct to two decimal places).
10
Example 8
a Estimate the answer to 6.03 12.16 53.99
b Use your calculator to nd the exact answer, then round it to two decimal places.
Solution
=
b On a calculator: 6.03 12.16
53.99
gives 19.3348.
Rounded answer = 19.33 (correct to two decimal places).
Note: Most scientic calculators have a FIX mode that rounds the number on its display to a
given number of decimal places. You may like to investigate the FIX mode.
Exercise 1-04
1 Round each of these, correct to one decimal place.
a 3.851
b 4.0736
c 0.3333
d 7.34
e 15.0801
c 0.08281
f 100.003011
Example 6
3.991
Example 7
3 Round each of these, correct to the number of decimal places shown in the brackets.
a 38.055
[2]
b 99.005 [1]
c 86.539 [1]
d 3.0983
[3]
e 4.70771 [4]
f 3.198
[2]
g 32.999 [1]
h 19.769312 [4]
4 For each of these questions, make an estimate of the answer and then use your calculator
to evaluate the answer to the number of decimal places shown in brackets.
a 1.9 5.3 + 8.66 [1] b (19.75 14.3) 5.1 [2] c 301.603 98.5
[2]
2
2
2
d 7.09 10.38
[1] e 9.9 4.71
[1] f 3.61 2.08 11.431 [2]
Spreadsheet
1-01
Rounding
decimals
Example 8
Order of operations
You should remember when carrying out calculations that there is a certain order in which
the operations are done.
Worksheet
1-04
Order of
operations
puzzle
Skillsheet
1-04
Order of
operations
Scientic calculators are also programmed to perform calculations using the order of
operations rules.
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
11
CHAPTER 1
Example 9
Find answers for each of the following:
a 6+52
b 18 (2 + 1)
c 52+39
Solution
a 6 + 5 2 = 6 + 10
= 16
On a calculator:
+
b 18 (2 + 1) = 18 3
=6
On a calculator:
2
18
c 5 2 + 3 9 = 10 + 27
= 37
On a calculator: 5
25
24
Example 10
Evaluate:
8
a -----------------39 23
8 + 16
b --------------12 8
Solution
8
a ------------------ Divide 8 by all of 39 23.
39 23
(
On a calculator: 8
39
The answer is 0.5 or
23
12
1
--- .
2
8 + 16
b --------------- Divide all of 8 + 16 by all of 12 8.
12 8
On a calculator:
(
16
The answer is 6.
Exercise 1-05
Example 9
1 Calculate:
a 8+52
c 652
e 36+25
g 34 18 3
i 15 (20 2)
12
b
d
f
h
j
723
12 6 3
7 + 15 3
(34 29) 6
5 10 + 16 2
k
m
o
q
s
3 6 2 5
(38 14) (7 + 5)
72 (4 + 16) 7
[(38 14) 6] 4
6 [22 (4 2)] + 1
l
n
p
r
t
26 (14 + 12)
(7 10) 20 5
14 [3 + 2 2]
48 (29 + 3) + (26 5 4)
[36 (2 4)] [3 (5 + 2) + 7]
2 Simplify each of the following. Give your answers to one decimal place where necessary.
15 + 5
19 + 5
45 2
a --------------b --------------c --------------------58
18 6
100 + 10
-66
d --------------14 + 4
41 13
------------------15 + 8
[ 28 ( 5 3 ) ]
g ---------------------------------( 56 30 ) 2
7 ( 11 2 )
h ------------------------------------------30 [ ( 7 2 ) 1 ]
4+52
--------------------------16 + 10 4
96 3 2
-----------------------18 3 + 2
Example 10
CAS
1-01
BODMAS
Abacus showing 15
(One 10 unit bead and one 5 unit bead)
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
13
CHAPTER 1
Decimals
Addition and subtraction
Worksheet
1-05
Decimal
review
Skillsheet
1-05
Decimals
Make sure you keep place-value columns correct by placing the decimal points underneath
each other.
Example 11
Evaluate:
a 2.1 + 44.3 + 13.25
b 13.85 5.6
Solution
b 13.85 5.6
13.85
5.6
8.25
59.65
b 5.31 1.3
c 6.25 5
Solution
Multiply without decimal points rst. Then make sure you have the same number of
decimal places in the answer as there were at the start of the question.
a 12 0.1
b 5.31 1.3
(question has one decimal place)
(question has three decimal places)
Multiplying without decimal points:
Multiplying without decimal points:
12
531
1
13
12
1593
5310
Answer: 1.2
(answer has one decimal place)
6903
c 6.25 5 = 1.25
1.25
5) 6.25
Answer: 6.903
(answer has three decimal places)
Solution
When dividing by a decimal fraction, make the decimal fraction a whole number by moving
the decimal point the appropriate number of places to the right.
In this case: 0.04 4
Move the decimal point in the other number the same number of places: 12.4 1240.
Divide the new rst number by the new second number: 12.4 0.04 = 1240 4 = 310.
14
Exercise 1-06
1 Write each of these as a fraction in its simplest form:
a 0.3
b 0.07
c 0.03
e 0.4
f 0.82
g 0.35
2 Work out these calculations:
a 1.3 + 0.8
d 3.92 0.49
g 20.03 1.06
j 65.001 13.06
d 0.009
h 0.026
Example 11
b
e
h
k
42.51 + 3.6
3.6 0.46
12.56 9.88
9 0.004
c
f
i
l
18.4 6.9
12 + 0.56 + 3.4
4.123 + 71.05 + 6.3
3.671 1.289
c
f
i
l
24.8 4
0.06 0.4
238 1.4
1.7 1.5
Example 12
Number grids
Exercise 1-07
1 Complete each of these number grids by nding the missing numbers.
(Round decimals to two places, when required.)
a
4.1
2.07
9.36
26
8.6
2.1
0.6
17.6
18
5.8
5.4
11.93
2.04
12.11
70.07
0.65
0.5
20.14
0.81
0.07
2 Complete each of these number grids, rounding answers to two decimal places.
a
1.6
1.11
4.7
12.8
36.12
94.6
28.7
18.2
5.9
24.78
15.9
3.8
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
15
CHAPTER 1
0.8
0.7
0.1512
2.5
3.528
0.8
40
4
3 Select an operation (+, , , or ) to use with each of these number grids. Find a set of
numbers that will correctly ll the grid each time.
a
b
45
15
18
c
9
21
60
24
48
48
Skillbank 1A
Time before and time after
SkillTest
1-01
Time before
and after
11:45am
12:00noon
7:00pm
7:25pm
16
NE W C E N T U R Y M A T H S 8
0500 hours
b
d
f
h
j
l
0505 hours
4:40pm 5:00pm
7:00pm
7:20pm
0230 hours
0300 hours
1100 hours
b
d
f
h
j
l
1115 hours
Powers
Remember that powers are used as a shorthand way of writing repeated multiplication.
We write 2 2 2 2 as 24.
Skillsheet
1-06
Indices
Example 13
Evaluate 53.
Solution
53 = 5 5 5
= 125
xy
or
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
17
CHAPTER 1
Example 14
Use your calculator to nd:
a 142
b 64
c 25
Solution
a On a calculator: 14
142 = 196.
x2
b On a calculator: 6
64 = 1296.
xy
c On a calculator: 2
25 = 32.
xy
Exercise 1-08
Example 13
d 34
j 92
3 Calculate:
a 3 22
e 43 2
i 62 82
b 2 32
f 43 22
j 24 + 2
4 a Find (2 3)2.
b Find:
i 22
2
c Does (2 3) = 22 32?
e 71
k 35
f
l
15
63
c 10 = 100
f 3 = 243
c 22 32
g 45 53
k 33 32
d 52 6
h 32 52
l 53 + 25
ii 32
Explain your answer.
ii 42
iii 52
5 a Find:
i (4 5)2
2
2
2
b Does (4 5) = 4 5 ? Explain your answer.
6 Use what you found in Questions 4 and 5 to complete this pattern:
(3 8)2 =
.
7 Write three examples of your own to show that (ab)2 = a2b2.
8 Copy and complete the following:
a 182 = (6 3)2
18
b 222 = (2 11)2
= 62
c 302 = (
=
=
10)2
d 162 = (2
=
e 282 = (
)2
7)2
152 = (
)2
Working mathematically
Applying strategies and reasoning: Crossnumber puzzle
Choose the correct clue from each pair and complete the puzzle.
Across
1
6
1. 37 6 or 37 2
2. 22 3 or 23 3
2
3. 6543 or 5432
4. 282 or 292
3
8
5. 5 16 1 or 5 16 + 1
9. 457 9 or 579 4
9
10. 27 or 28
11. 33 25 or 33 22
4
7
12. 82 52 or 72 52
14. 29 + 3 or 29 3
5
Down
1. 63 or 53
4. 87 or 78
6. 122 or 152
7. 72 or 92
8. 72 32 or 62 32
10.
12.
13.
15.
16.
12
15
13
16
10
14
11
123 or 231
840 24 or 840 35
11 12 or 13 14
16 3 or 16 6
25 13 or 52 13.
Skillsheet
1-07
Square roots
and cube roots
Example 15
Find the square root of 36.
Solution
36 = 6 because 62 = 6 6 = 36
On a calculator:
36
Example 16
Find the cube root of 125.
Solution
3
On a calculator:
125
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
19
CHAPTER 1
Example 17
Estimate the value of
40 .
Solution
There is no exact answer for the square root of 40, because there isnt a number which,
if squared, equals 40 exactly. Instead, we estimate and nd a number whose square is close
to 40.
Looking at the square numbers, 52 = 25, 62 = 36, 72 = 49, we can tell that 40 must lie
somewhere between 6 and 7. Because 40 is closer to 36 than to 49, the square root must be
closer to 6.
As an estimate, 40 = 6.3 .
On the calculator, the answer is 6.324555..., a more accurate answer than our estimate above.
Exercise 1-09
1 Copy and complete the following table:
1
Number
10
11
16
Number squared
512
Number cubed
Example 17
2 Between which two numbers does 80 lie? (Choose one from the answers given.)
A 40 and 41
B 9 and 10
C 79 and 81
D 8 and 9
3 Between which two numbers does
A 22 and 23
B 5 and 6
31 lie?
Example 16
56
105
210
100
576
c 81
g 289
d 900
h 1089
c 2197
g 8000
d 216
h 2197
800
37
495
9 a Find
100
502
6.5
2000
1.1
1103
36 .
b Find:
c We know that
20
ii
4
36 =
4 9.
9
Does
36 =
4 9?
12
10 a Find:
b We know that
225
225 =
ii
25 9 .
25
Does
iii
225 =
25 9 ?
11 Use what you found in Questions 9 and 10 to complete each of the following:
a
64 =
=
=
900 =
=
=
2025 =
= 9
=
484 =
=
=
121
100
324 =
=
=
81
16 4
1764 =
= 6
=
ab =
a b.
13 Evaluate each of the following. (Give answers to one decimal place where necessary.)
3 3
144
d ------------9
2+ 3
11 2
7 2
3
43 43 4
Fractions
2 numerator
--7 denominator
Fractions can be entered into a calculator using the fraction key:
a b/c .
Skillsheet
1-08
Fractions
5
78
------ , -----------12 1200
improper: the numerator is larger than the denominator. For example 5--3- ,
Skillsheet
1-09
Fractions and
decimals
11 123
------ , --------5
74
mixed numeral: a whole number and a common fraction. For example 1 3--5- , 4 7--8-
Example 18
Change these improper fractions into mixed numerals:
a
7
--2
27
-----4
27
-----4
Solution
a
7
--2
=72
=
3 1--2-
On a calculator: 7
a b/c
= 27 4
= 6 3--4-
On a calculator: 27
a b/c
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
21
CHAPTER 1
Example 19
Change these mixed numerals into improper fractions:
a 2 1--3-
b 4 2--5-
Solution
23
+1
2 1--3- = 6----------3
45
+2
--------------4 2--5- = 20
5
7
--3
On a calculator:
2
a b/c
On a calculator:
=
a b/c
Pressing d/c (
improper fraction.
22
-----5
or
a b/c
SHIFT
d/c
a b/c
a b/c
d/c
2nd F
Example 20
Simplify these fractions:
10
-----25
36
-----60
Solution
To simplify fractions, we divide the numerator and the denominator by a common factor.
10
-----25
10 5
--------------25 5
2
--5
36
-----60
On a calculator: 10
25
a b/c
36 6
--------------60 6
62
--------------10 2
3
--5
36
-----60
or
On a calculator: 36
36 12
-----------------60 12
3
--5
60
a b/c
Exercise 1-10
Example 18
Example 19
3
--2
11
-----3
9
--4
11
-----5
20
-----3
47
-----11
100
--------21
73
-----15
b 4 1--3-
e 6 3--4-
7 1--5-
c 5 1--4-
d 5 2--3-
g 10 1--7-
h 15 3--4-
3
--- ,
4
1
--- ,
8
3
--- ,
8
5
--- ,
8
7
--8
5
-----10
4
-----12
12
-----26
18
-----24
15
-----25
17
-----34
32
-----48
60
--------100
44
-----77
150
--------310
21
-----35
18
-----16
22
1
--2
15
-----60
24
---------
-----6
1
------
6
-----10
2
--3
-----8
54
---------
--------12
3
--4
9
-----15
4
--5
21
-----28
--------30
16
---------
-----4
15
-----10
Example 21
Evaluate:
a
1
--3
5
--6
5
--7
c 1 2--3- + 4 1--5-
2
--3
d 3 3--4- 1 1--2-
Worksheet
1-07
Fractagons
Solution
a
1
--3
5
--6
21
-----------23
2
--6
7
--6
b
+
5
--6
5
--6
5
--7
35
-----------37
15
-----21
1
-----21
2
--3
72
-----------73
14
-----21
= 1 1--6On a calculator:
1
c
b/
On a calculator:
5
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
b/
a b/c
a b/c
1 2--3- + 4 1--5=1+4+
=5+
10
-----15
2
--3
3
-----15
1
--5
-----= 5 13
15
On a calculator: 1
d 3 3--4- 1 1--2=31+
3
--4
=2+
2
--4
3
--4
1
--2
= 2 1--4On a calculator: 3
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
23
CHAPTER 1
Example 22
Evaluate:
3
--5
b 1 1--2- 3 2--5-
2
--7
4
--5
d 2 1--2- 1 1--3-
2
--3
Solution
3
--5
6
-----35
2
--7
1 1--2- 3 2--5-
3
--2
51
-----10
17
-----5
1
= 5 ----10
On a calculator:
3
a b/c
4
--5
On a calculator:
2
a b/c
2
--3
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
2 1--2- 1 1--3-
5
--2
4
--3
6
--5
5
--2
3
--4
= 1 1--5-
15
-----8
4
----5
a b/c
3
----21
= 1 7--8On a calculator:
4
a b/c
On a calculator:
2
a b/c
a b/c
a b/c
Exercise 1-11
Example 21
SkillBuilder
2-052-17
Adding and
subtracting
fractions
1 Evaluate:
a
1
--5
3
--5
3
--8
1
--8
2
--5
3
-----10
2
--3
1
--5
3
--7
2
--3
3
--5
1
--4
1
--2
1
--4
h 1 1--2-
2 1--3-
2 5--6- 1 1--2-
k 2 1--3- + 1 1--6-
3 1--3- 1 2--3-
n 2 3--4-
o 3 1--5- + 1 3--4-
m 4 2--5- + 1 3--4Example 22
2 a
24
1
--2
1
--3
2
--5
3
--7
3
--4
5
--8
3
--4
1
--2
2
--5
2
--5
3
--4
e 1 1--2- 2
1
-----11
8 1--4-
3 1--4-
4
--5
g 1 2--3-
2 3--8-
11
-----16
2
--3
1
--4
h 3 1--2- 1 1--4-
1
--3
1
--2
2 3--4-
3 a
1
--2
1
--5
15
3
--4
24
3
--5
60
2
--3
33
4
--7
21
1
--2
SkillBuilder
2-24
Multiplying
mixed fractions
3
--5
Skillbank 1B
Time differences
1 Examine these examples.
a What is the time difference between 11:40am and 6:15pm?
From 11:40am to 5:40pm = 6 hours
Count: 11:40, 12:40, 1:40, 2:40, 3:40, 4:40, 5:40
From 5:40am to 6:00pm = 20 minutes
From 6:00pm to 6:15pm = 15 minutes
5 hours + 20 minutes + 15 minutes = 6 hours 35 minutes
20 minutes
6 hours
15 minutes
or
11:40am 12:00noon
6:00pm
SkillTest
1-02
Time
differences
= 6 hours 35 minutes
6:15pm
8:30pm
9:00pm
1:00am
1:20am
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
25
CHAPTER 1
c What is the time difference between 1645 hours and 2320 hours?
From 1645 hours to 2245 hours = 6 hours
(22 16 = 6)
From 2245 hours to 2300 hours = 15 minutes
From 2300 hours to 2320 hours = 20 minutes
6 hours + 15 minutes + 20 minutes = 6 hours 35 minutes
15 minutes
6 hours
20 minutes
= 6 hours 35 minutes
or
1645 hours
1700 hours
2300 hours
b
d
f
h
j
2320 hours
Applying number
Exercise 1-12
1 Michael went shopping and bought the following items: an exercise book at $2.70,
two pens at $1.60 each, a drink at $1.50 and a packet of chips for $2.65.
a How much did Michael spend in total?
b If Michael paid with a $20 note, how much change did he receive?
2 Jessicas car holds 45 litres of petrol. If the price of petrol is 92.6 cents per litre,
how much will Jessica need to pay to ll the tank?
3 Traci needs to build a wooden rectangle similar to the one shown.
How much timber would be left from a 3.4 m length of timber?
0.5 m
0.8 m
4 Lendal spent
left?
3
--4
of his pocket money. If his pocket money is $14, how much does he have
5 A mobile phone plan charges $20 per month plus $0.18 for each phone call. How much
will Thao need to pay if she made 92 calls in one month?
6 Katy, Josh and Kylie shared a $500 000 lotto win. How much did they each receive?
7 In 1912, Donald Lippincott from the USA ran 100 m in 10.6 seconds while, in 2002,
Tim Montgomery, also from the USA, ran 100 m in 9.78 seconds.
a If he could maintain the same speed, how far (to the nearest metre) could Donald have
run in one minute?
b How far could Tim have run in one minute?
c After one minute, how far ahead of Donald would Tim be?
26
2 kg of potatoes
at $2.15 per kg
1 1-2- kg of carrots
at $2.99 per kg
5 kg of oranges
at $3.55 per kg
Total
Amount tendered:
3 sponge cakes
at $3.88 each
6 1.25 L bottles of lemonade
at $1.65 each
1 loaf of sliced bread
at $2.55
1 2 L carton of milk
at $2.85
2 videos at $29.99 each
$50
Total
Amount tendered:
Change
$100
Change
9 From a jar containing 160 lollies, Lindy takes 3--8- of the lollies and shares them equally
among her four children. How many lollies does each child receive?
10 Elly made a dress for herself and the expenses were:
3 metres of material at $15.60 per metre.
2 1--2- metres of lace at $1.85 per metre.
2 1--4- metres of ribbon at $1.05 per metre.
6 buttons at 35 cents each.
Elly saw a similar dress for sale at $126.50. How much did Elly save by making the dress
herself?
11 Calculate the area of each of these triangles.
a
b
20.4 m
33.7 m
11.1 cm
23.6 cm
12 Danielle uses half a sheet of contact to cover her books, and Christina uses two-fths of
the same sheet of contact. What fraction of the original sheet remains?
Worksheet
1-08
Magic
squares
Did you know that your calculator can talk? Not out loud, but it can give you written messages.
Calculator talk
Worksheet
1-09
Cross number
puzzles
27
CHAPTER 1
Exercise 1-13
Skillsheet
1-10
Spreadsheets
1 Turn your calculator upside down and make a list of the numbers that match these letters:
O I Z E h S g L B G D
2 What number would make your calculator display these words?
a hEEL
b SLIDE
c OhIO
d gLOSS
3 Find the answers by turning your calculator upside down after each of the following
calculations:
a 121 217 8550 is liked by all children.
b The number that multiplies by itself to give 196 says Gday.
c The 5 77 8 is a very difcult instrument to play.
d 8.0808 20 tells you what Father Christmas said to the child who pulled his beard.
e Some people like to eat a pickled 52 043 71.
f (12 500 0.625 5 6000 + 152) 4 is the name of an exciting word game.
4 Find the word answers to these questions:
a What is made in the factory where Mavis is the manager?
(343 409 534) 2 13 + 295
b The waves and tides have damaged many of these:
(145 420.4 12 0.24 + 910 500) 16
c This is how Drew told his Mum he would avoid detention for not doing his homework:
(864.5 3.5 20 + 0.9) 19 .
d High on the cliff overlooking the beach was the:
(17 967 15 680) 16 + 1146 Vue hotel.
5 Do each question on your calculator. Turn it upside down to read the answer to the
given clue.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
r
s
28
Question
Clue
Good book
Greetings
Delight
Taint
Cricket legend
One only
Defeated feminist
Snake talk
Not tight
Top brass
Silly birds
Mutiny captain
Beat him
The mind
Dirty
For torture
Santa Claus
Find out
Alternative
t
u
v
w
x
y
Tree bits
TV awards
Top man
Accounts
Bad business
By the sea shore
Power plus
1 Calculate the answers to three decimal places:
a
c
5.6 2 + 1.8 3
1
2
b ------- ------5
3
6.2 5.4
-----------------------------11.01 + 6.04
5.9 2 + 8.1 2
--------------------------13.6 2.04
2 Solve this crossnumber puzzle using these four pieces of information as a guide:
p + q = 680
f + k = 342
k = 161
k + m = 193
Across
1
2
3
1. 1 less than 11 down
5
3. k
5. p + q + k + f
6
7
6. k + m 80
8. p + q k + 102
8
9
10. k + 1020
12. 2k + 2m + 15
10
13. m
Down
1. Equals 1 across
2. q + k + f + p
3. 4m 7
4. m + k
7. p + q + f + 2k
8. 2f + 2k
9. f 70
11. A dozen
12
11
13
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
29
CHAPTER 1
Screen 1.678
04
means
that is
2.56 104
2.56 10 10 10 10
= 25 600
-03
means
that is
1.678 103
1.678 10 10 10
= 0.001 678
a Can you see a quick way of writing the answer each time?
b Write each of the following calculator displays as an ordinary number:
i 2.4
04
iii 9.33
v 9.6
vii 1.001
ix 2.4
ii 4.55
05
-02
iv 6.667
02
-06
vi 8.9
-02
08
viii 5.698
x 5.7011
b
d
f
h
j
-06
07
-03
30
Worksheet
1-11
Numbers
crossword
Language of maths
calculator
decimal place
evaluate
integer
operation
round
cube
denominator
factor tree
long division
order of operations
simplify
cube root
division
fraction
mixed numeral
power
square
decimal
estimate
improper fraction
numerator
proper fraction
square root
Topic overview
FRACT
IO
N
What parts of this chapter did you remember from last year?
Are there parts of this chapter that you still dont understand?
Discuss any problems with your teacher or a friend.
Copy and complete this topic overview which has been started for you.
Check your work with other students and your teacher.
S
Numerators
ominator
s
Den
OPERAT+IO NS
ALS
.
....
+/
CIM
DE
CAL
CU
LA
TO
3
NUMBERS
9
-3 2 -1
0 1 2 3
IN
TE
GER
S
Powers
a b/c
..
..
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
31
CHAPTER 1
Chapter 1
Ex 1-01
Review
b 0.25 16
c 44 29
d 53 9
e 2 154
g 0.1 400
h 25 11
920 20
k 0.6 60
612 4
8 18
m 120 15
n 0.5 100
o 23 50
p 37 8
Ex 1-01
Ex 1-02
Topic test
Chapter 1
18 15
16
21
39
88
27
59
81
48
103
51
56
68
99 101
55
c
Ex 1-02
13
29
61
13
21
35
18
36 108 180
32
5 Evaluate:
a 4 + 6
c 5 (2)
e 3 8
g 24 (2)
i 36 9
k 10 5 + 20
m 28 7 (2)
o 13 15 6
Ex 1-03
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
p
13 18
11 20
2 7
15 (5)
24 (6) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
12 3 (5)
18 (3) (6)
6 Round each of these numbers correct to the number of decimal places shown in the
brackets.
a 0.473
[1]
b 13.1051
[2]
c 98.0873 [3]
d 69.97
[1]
e 0.952
[2]
f 6.0738
[3]
g 100.099 [1]
h 12.309 16 [4]
Ex 1-04
7 Evaluate:
a 22 5 2
c 12 + 16 4 8
e 16 8 + 23
g 80 [(4 + 5) 8]
i 40 18 3 2
k (84 10) 6 4
Ex 1-05
b
d
f
h
j
l
425
(13 + 8) 11
16 8 5 15
56 (3 + 5 5)
(36 2) (21 9)
[38 + (6 5)] [4 (5 4)]
8 Evaluate these expressions, giving your answers rounded to two decimal places.
83
33 2 5
a --------------b -----------------------15 4
17 6
c
438 15 14
--------------------------------( 69 + 13 ) 7
22 ( 8 6 )
d ----------------------------24 3 + 8
72 ( -4 + 16 )
---------------------------------( 38 16 ) 6
9 Evaluate:
a 2.51 + 6.8
c 37.4 6.9
e 2.6 4
g 4.2 0.2
i 0.26 0.8
k (2.5)2
m 12.5 3.01
o 16.4 0.3 3
10 Calculate:
a 73
d 42 5
Ex 1-05
-14 ( 5 + 2 2 )
----------------------------------------( 11 6 ) 6
Ex 1-06
b
d
f
h
j
l
n
64
b
e 25 4
115
c
f 43 34
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
33
CHAPTER 1
Ex 1-08
Ex 1-09
12 Calculate:
a
81
2.25
400
-1
Ex 1-09
Ex 1-09
27
10 000
-125
3 3
31 .
3136 = ___ 49
= ____ ____
= ____
Ex 1-10
Ex 1-10
Ex 1-10
Ex 1-11
Ex 1-12
15
-----4
22
-----5
7
--3
78
-----11
33
-----10
26
-----5
41
-----7
66
-----13
b 3 2--3-
e 7 2--3-
8 1--2-
c 6 3--4-
d 11 2--5-
g 15 4--5-
h 3 5--8-
6
--8
12
-----14
18
-----36
28
-----48
30
-----70
13
-----13
90
--------130
52
-----26
2
-----10
1
--3
4
--7
3
--4
g 2 1--5- + 1 1--2-
18 Evaluate:
a
2
--7
3
--7
9
-----10
7
--8
2
--3
1 1--2- +
4
--5
2
--3
6
--7
5
--8
1
--6
1
--5
1
--3
1
--2
h 1 5--8-
l
7
-----11
6
--7
1 1--2-
19 a Tamara earns $579.50 for working 38 hours a week. How much does she earn each
hour?
b A light aircraft can climb 320 metres every minute. If it climbed for 4.5 minutes
after take-off, what height did it reach?
c One Friday, the manager of a store added together all the sales gures of the staff.
They were: Mario $1230, Sue $957.60, Theo $883.50, Frank $1448.40,
Samantha $1101.
What was the total of the sales gures?
34
d A gardener took 300 watermelons to market and sold three-quarters of them for
$2.30 each. The rest were sold for $1.90 each.
i How many watermelons were sold for $2.30 each?
ii Calculate the total amount received by the gardener.
e Mark is paid $6.75 per hour. How much does he earn if he works for 16 hours?
A petrol tanker holds 20 000 L of fuel. If 1--4- of the tank is emptied, how much fuel is
left in the tank?
g Copy this shopping docket and ll in the missing sections.
f
2 shirts
at $49.95 each
3 belts
at $35.90 each
4 pairs of socks
at $6.99 each
Total
Amount tendered:
$250
Change
W OR KI NG W I T H NUM B E R S
35
CHAPTER 1