Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DECLARATION
This is to certify that Thesis entitled Role of Equity Market in Indian Economy
which is submitted by me in fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
B.Com(Hon) to Daulat Ram College , Delhi University , Delhi comprises only my
original work and due acknowledgement has been made in the text to all other material
used.
Anubhuti Tyagi
Mrs.
Sarita Jain
(Department Of
Commerce)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project has been a great learning experience for me. It has helped to apply my
theoretical knowledge into practical field.
It is quite impossible to acknowledge by name every individual who has played some
part in work. find it extremely difficult to express in words, our profound sense of
gratitude to the most respected people who helped us successfully to complete this
project.
Words of Honors are due to our fellow friends who helped immensely in simulating an
amicable environment.
Also a huge thanks to Mrs. Sarita Jain my mentor for directing us in making of this
project and providing her valuable guidance whenever we had approach with a
problem.
ANUBHUTI TYAGI
ROLL : 921
3
TABLE OF CONTENT
S. NO.
TOPICS
PAGE NO.
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
5 - 14
Chapter 2
OBJECTIVE AND
15 - 18
METHODOLOGY
Chapter 3
CONCEPTUAL
19 - 25
DISCUSSION
Chapter 4
IMPACT OF EQUITY
26 -30
MARKET ON INDIAN
ECONOMY
Chapter 5
CONCLUSION
31 32
Chapter 6
DATA ANALYSIS
33 40
Chapter 7
RECOMMENDATION
41
BIBLIOGRAPHY
42
QUESTIONNAIRE
43
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
ABOUT THE INDUSTRY
The equity broking industry in India has several unique features. It is more than a
century old, dynamic and forward looking, well conversant, highly innovative and
adaptable.
In the last decade, the Indian brokerage industry has undergone a dramatic
transformation. From being made of close groups, the broking industry today is one of
the most transparent and compliance oriented businesses. There have also been major
changes in the way business is conducted. Technology has emerged as the key driver
of business and investment advice has become research based. At the same time,
adherence to regulation and compliance has vastly increased.. Greater need for
capitalization has induced several firms to access the capital market; foreign firms are
showing increasing interest in taking equity stakes in domestic broking firms.
The strength and growth prospects of the industry prompted us to launch the inaugural
edition of this publication, which complements our endeavors to expand the scope of
our research and advisory services to the securities markets in India. It provides an
insight into the Indian broking industry, with a focus on the performance and profiles
of the broking houses.
by companies and securities issued by the government constitute the financial assets
which are traded in the capital market.
Both money market and capital market constitute the financial market. Capital market
generally known as stock exchange. This is a institution around which every activity of
national capital market revolves. The stock exchange provides the opportunity to
investors for the continuous trading in securities. It is continuously engaged in the
capital mobilization process.
Another consequence of non existence of stock exchange would have been low saving
of the community, which means low investment and lower development of the country.
Cautious Approach.
Knowledge of Market.
Ex
High yield.
Authentic Information
Equity
ASSETS LIABILITIES =
CAPITAL
Capital is the amount that the owner has invested in the business. As the business
grows and makes profits, it adds to its capital. This capital is subdivided into shares (or
stocks).If a companys capital is Rs.10crore, that could be divided into 1 crore shares
of Rs.10 each. Part of this capital, or some of the shares, is held by the people who had
started the business (Promoters). Investors hold the other shares. These investors are
people, mutual funds and other institutional investors.
Stocks too have their two major classes or types:
a) Ordinary
b) Preference
Ordinary stocks, also called equity stocks or common stocks, are for the general public
without any prejudice. Equity refers to the ordinary stocks. And thats what concerns us
here because only ordinary stock can be purchased by people and traded on the stock
exchange. Holding equity entitles you to a share of the earnings and the assets of a
company. It means that if a company records profits for a year, investors are entitled to
a share of the profits. The share of the profits or earnings the company decides to give
its investors is called dividend.
11
Online Trading
The Internet has played a decisive role in ushering a new era of Net based trading in
the secondary markets. The NSE is in an advanced stage of development of Net
Trading and will be launching this facility soon. The clients and sub brokers can then
directly place the order for their Saudas on the Net routed through this web site and
will be able to get online confirmation of their respective transactions in real time. Net
Surfers can also access the latest price updates of shares on the BSE, NSE web site.
Derivatives trading is an interesting new concept that will allow clients to indulge in
speculation of stock prices for a future date. The Demat mode of holding and trading in
shares has gained in popularity due to its various advantages, such as, no Bad Delivery
12
of shares, negligible time taken for transfer of shares, no Stamp duty of buying of
shares, increased liquidity etc.
Depository Participant
Similar to the brokers who trade on your behalf in and outside the stock exchange; a
Depository Participant (DP) is your representative (agent) in the depository system
providing the link between the Company and you through the Depository. Your
Depository participant will maintain your securities account balances and intimate to
you the status of your holding from time to time. According to SEBI guidelines,
Financial Institutions like banks, custodians, stockbrokers etc. can become participants
in the depository. A DP is one with whom you need to open an account to deal in
electronic form. While the Depository can be compared to a Bank, DP is like a branch
your bank with which you can have an account.
Mutual Fund
Mutual Fund investment is that investment under which the company whom operates
mutual fund collects money from the general public and then invests that money in
equity and debt market. Normally mutual fund investment is meant for all those
investors that havent invested yet in any form of market and also prefer regular
income with less risk.
Mutual Funds basically are of two types i.e. Systematic Investment Plan and
monthly Income Plan.
Systematic Investment Plan is that type under which invest is done in the multiple of
500 and minimum invest is of Rs. 500. The exposure of the investment under such
fund is wide in the equity market.
Monthly Income Plan is that plan in which exposure of the investment is wide to the
debt market. It is ideal for those who do not plan to spend time in monitoring the
movement of their investments on a regular basis and are conservative in their
investment style.
14
CHAPTER 2
OBJECTIVE AND METHDOLOGY
OBJECTIVES
To study the equity market industry in detail.
To study the investment procedure in Equity market.
To maximize our learning about corporate world.
To learn corporate etiquettes.
To develop marketing and selling skills.
To put management theory into practice.
To create valuable database for the company.
To study the Accounting and Valuation methods of Equity market.
To study the investors Preference regarding Investment in Equity market.
15
The study will help the management to understand the customer mind set and
also estimating the present and future market demand for the products.
It will help to estimate the level of awareness establish in the market and in
deciding the extent of promotion required.
Helps to deal with different customers.
Helps to overcome the objections of the customers.
Helps to understand the problems of agents in a broader prospect.
METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. The
research begins its formation when the problem or objective of the research is
identified for which a research report is conduced. The main objective for which this
report is carried out is to make an analytical study of Working of Sock Exchange.
16
RESEARCH DESIGN
There are various methods of research design like Exploratory Research Design,
Descriptive Research Design, Diagnostic Research Design, Deign and Hypothesis
Testing Research Design.
In this report, Descriptive Research Design and Exploratory Research Design has been
used.
SOURCES OF DATA:
Basically two types of data are available to the researcher namely:
1. Primary data
2. Secondary data
In the present study, secondary as well as primary data has been used. I have collected
Primary data from stockbrokers and clients with the help of questionnaire and
Secondary
data from the different books and magazines on stock exchange and
17
SAMPLE AREA
The data has been collected from 4 metropolitan cities.( Delhi , Mumbai , Chennai ,
Kolkata.)
SAMPLE SIZE
Sample has been taken from 50 respondents (in form of 100%).
18
CHAPTER 3
CONCEPTUAL DISCUSSION
CAPITAL MARKET
Capital market provides long term capital to the industrial sector for the expenditure on
land, plant and machinery, building etc, which are permanent and used for production.
The long term finance is met by the market.
Capital Market Is Of Two Types
1. Primary capital market.
2. Secondary capital market.
In simple term Primary capital market is called the market of new issues and
secondary capital market is called the market of exiting issues.
1. PRIMARY MARKET
Also termed as new market is concerned with primary issue of securities by enterprises
for their establishment, expansion, modernization and reorganization etc. Primary
market is related to the generation of capital through new issue of shares, debentures
and bonds, where investors may directly apply for the allotment of securities. The
operation of primary market includes :
19
SECONDARY MARKET
It is that market where securities are regularly bought and sold. The primary market is
related with the issues whereas the secondary market relates to the trading of such
securities. The secondary market provides liquidity to the investors. Trading in
secondary market is governed by the bye laws and regulations of the stock exchange
concerned. After the securities are listed on a recognized market these can be freely
transacted through its members. The trading operations are carried for a fixed number
of hours in a trading hall called trading ring. The stock exchange provides necessary
information to the investors. The SEBI has issued various guidelines to regulate and
control the operations of secondary market. There are different types of secondary
markets operating in the country.
World over, people who start a company usually do not have enough money. So they
look elsewhere and try to rope in others to chip in. They divide the entire capital that
the company needs into a large number of units of easily affordable amounts. For
example, if a company requires a capital of Rs.1 crore, it may divide it into 10 lakh
units of Rs. 10 each. Such units are called stocks and Rs. 10 is known as the par value
of the stock. Thus, anyone with a few hundred rupees to spare can invest in the
company.
before giving permission to brokers to start internet based services shall insure the
fulfillment of the minimum conditions.
Stock brokers are the members of stock exchange. These are the persons who buy, sell
or deal in securities. A certificate of registration from SEBI is mandatory to act as a
broker. SEBI can impose certain conditions while granting the certificate of
registration. It is obligatory for the person to abide by the rules, regulations and the
bye-laws.
2. MARKET MAKERS
Market makers are a designated specialist in the specified securities. They make both
bid and offer at the same time. Bid price means the quoted price at which they would
pay to a prospective seller. Offer or asking price is the price which they would charge
from a prospective buyer. The market makers quotes are binding on them up to a
certain commitment. He is exempt from margin- requirement.
3. PORTFOLIO CONSULTANT
A combination of securities such as socks, bonds and Money Market instruments is
called as portfolio. Whereas the portfolio consultants are the persons or firms or
companies who advise or direct or undertake the management or administration of
securities or funds on behalf of their clients. The portfolio management can be
discretionary or non-discretionary.
22
4. INSTITUTIONL INVESTORS
Institutional investors mean the different investment institutions which mobilize the
savings of the people and invest them in different types of securities Like ICICI, IDBI,
GIC, LIC.
23
The various transactions involved in online trading can be shown from the
point of view of the:
a) Client
b) Broker
c) Stock Exchange
24
The broker accepts the order after checking the share limit
for the day.
CHAPTER 4
25
26
27
Because balance sheet of most of the Indian companies listed in the sensex
were reflecting profit even then people kept on withdrawing money.
While there was a panic in the capital market due to withdrawal by the FIIs, we saw
Indian institutional investors like insurance and mutual funds coming for the
rescue
under SEBI guidelines so that the confidence of the investors doesnt go low.
SEBI also came up with various norms including more liberal policies
regarding participatory notes, restricting the exit from close ended mutual
funds etc. to boost the investment.
ADVANTAGES :-
BONUS SHARES
28
When a person invests in the shares of a good companies , the companies may issue
bonus shares, This will increase the capital holding of the investor. This can also
increase the amount of dividend that a person earns from these bonus shares.
PORTFOLIO
Investing in the shares various companies in the stock market can help to prevent
concentration of funds in similar investment . People might have invest in various
investment avenues. Equity markets also can be one of them as it will help to
diversify the investment of an individual.
DIVIDEND EARNINGS
Many good companies that are listed provides dividend. Some companies provide
more than 6 % in dividend each year. The capital appreciation and other benefits for
the investors along with the dividend can be very rewarding for the investor.
DISADVANTAGES:The benefits of investing in share are many but there are few pitfalls to avoid. These
include:
29
1. Crash in share prices: Due to one reason or the other, sometimes share prices drop so
much. A discerning investor should know what to do at any point in time.
2. Sometimes companies go into liquidation thereby eroding the investments of
ordinary shareholders. For example, some banks in Nigeria that did not meet up with
the N25 billion minimum capitals as directed by the central Bank of Nigeria (CBN)
died with investors money. You must be vigilant to watch over your investment if you
consider it important to you.
3. Fraudulent stock brokers: some stockbrokers are unfaithful to their clients. They
may collect your money when there is perceived information that the shares of a
particular company is a good one and instead of making the transactions in your name
may divert the money for their selfish interest, may be use it to make their own
investments. When the company has closed her book, they may call you for refund or
may embezzle your money like that. You must be careful in selecting your stockbroker.
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
1. GENERAL FINDINGS :
30
The stock exchange is important part of country capital market. It is the central place
where industrial securities are bought and sold under codes of rule and regulation for
consideration through member as broker. The recent implementation made by SEBI
leads to great impact on the stock market.
It was found that in current scenario, the bank rates have been cut down rapidly
due to severe competition, so people and not going for contemporary deposits
because that cannot provide them the better returns or the desired interest rates.
So, they can
Investors in stock market are mostly looking for long term investment.
Some customers believe that financial instrument provides a better source of
investment against derivatives while some believe they dont.
Mostly customers prefer either using both futures as well as options or just
options because options require small investment than futures.
2. FACTORS
INFLUENCING
INVESTORS
31
SENTIMENTS,
There are various factors which cannot be enumerated but we can highlight few of
them in three broad categories:
a) Companys earning ability and its goodwill in market.
b) Overall Macro-Economics Situation of the Country: Indicators like Of
Economic Growth, Inflation level, Interest Rates and most importantly prospects
for growth are considered by investors.
c) Political and Social stability of the country : factors like stability of
Government and prevalence of peace and harmony in various parts of the
country.
d) Legal regulations imposed on investments : Legal regulations imposed by the
govt. or its bodies on various categories of Investors also determine the
sentiments of various groups of investors.
CHAPTER 6
DATA ANALYSIS
Ques.1. Occupation of people investing in stock market.
32
Ans.
a) Business
b) Service
e) Retired
f) Others
c) Students d) Housewife
Fig 4.1
Interpretation: We can observe from the above diagram that people working in
service sector i.e. 42% and business sector i.e. 30% have more investment in stock
market as compared to students, retired and housewife which is less than 15%.
a) Below 25
b) 25-35
c) 35-45
33
d) Above 45
Fig 4.2
Interpretation: We can observed that people of middle age group i.e. 25-35 year
like more to invest there money in stock market in comparison to old age people and
youngsters.
a) Religare
b) Unicon
e) SMC
f) Others
c) India Bulls
34
d) Kotak
Fig 4.3
Interpretation: We can see that people prefer broker company like Religare, Kotak
most in comparison which is more than 22% to others like Indian Bulls, Unicon, India
Infoline which is less than less than 20%.
b) Relatives
c) Newspapers
35
d) Through Company
Fig 4.4
Interpretation: We can observed that most of the people came in contact with stock
market through there friends and through the broker company itself.
Ques.5. Which is the most favoured market investment from your point of view?
(MUTUAL FUND)
Ans.
a) Equity
b) Debt
c) Money Mkt.
36
d) Balanced
Fig 4.5
Interpretation: From the above diagram we can observe that the most favoured
market for investment of mutual fund is equity market in comparison to debt, money
market and balanced.
a) Broker
b) Friends
c) Relatives
e) Others
37
d) Analyst
Fig 4.6
Interpretation: We can see that 34% people works on the advice of their broker and
28% people works on the advice of analyist.
a) Aware
b) Unaware
38
Fig 4.7
Interpretation: Above fig. shows that 64% people are aware of the mutual fund and
36% people are unaware.
a) Privacy
b) Time saving
c) Convenience
39
d) All
Fig 4.8
Interpretation: From the above diagram we can observe that online trading gives
all the three benefits i.e privacy, time saving and convenience that is why they prefer
online trading.
CHAPTER 7
RECOMMENDATIONS
40
The main recommendation from the study is as follow: There should be a complete online system, which enables the investor to
participate in, and the public should be making aware of the system.
Prevent exploitation of investor by the market malpractices by introducing
formal market making arrangement in best possible manner.
To attract more investor, the companies should introduce more service center
and online share trading because investor are not satisfied till the they do not
meet the dealing physically along with stock Broker/investor.
There should be flexibility on margin money so that people can trade more.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS: Securities Market Module :- NCFM
41
Limited.
WEBSITES: http://xn--www-rp0a.equitymaster.com/
http:// xn--www-rp0a.economicstimes.com/
http://www.nseindia.com/
http://business.mapsofindia.com/investment-industry/indian-derivativesmarket.html
http://www.bseindia.com/
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Occupation:
a) Business
e) Retired
Age:
a) Below 25
Gender:
a) Male
b) Service
f) Other
c) Students
d) Housewife
b) 25-35
c) 35-45
42
d) Above 45
b) Female
a) Religare _
b) Unicon _
e) SMC _
f) Others _
c) India Bulls _
d) Kotak _
a) Friends
b) Relatives
c) Newspapers
d) Through Company
Ques.2. Which is the most favoured market investment from your point of view?
Ans.
a) Equity _
b) Debt _
c) Money Mkt. _
d) Balanced _
a) Broker _
b) Friends _
c) Relatives _
d) Analyist _
e) Others _
Ques.6. What is your level of awareness in regard to mutual funds?
Ans.
a) Aware _
b) Unaware _
a) Privacy _
b) Time saving _
c) Convenience _
43
d) All _