1 Hydrocarbon is the simplest of all organic compound.

Hidrokarbon merupakan sebatian organik paling ringkas.

(a) What is meant by hydrocarbon?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan hidrokarbon?
..
(b) Name two types of hydrocarbon
Namakan dua jenis hidrokarbon.
(i)

(ii)

..

2 Complete the general formula and the functional group of each homologous series in
the table below.
Lengkapkan formula am dan kumpulan berfungsi bagi setiap siri homolog dalam
jadual berikut.
Homologous series
Siri Homolog
Alkane

General formula
Formula am

Name of functional group

Nama kumpulan berfungsi

Alkene
Alkohol
Carboxylic acid
Ester

The chemical equation below shows the conversion of ethene to ethane.

Persamaan kimia di bawah menunjukkan perubahan etena kepada etana.
catalyst
CH2 = CH2

H2

CH3 CH3
180oC

(a) Name the process for the above conversion

Namakan proses bagi perubahan di atas.
.

(b) Name the catalyst used

Namakan mangkin yang digunakan.
.

4 Complete the following table

Lengkapkan jadual berikut
(a)
Process
Proses
Hydrogenation
Penghidrogenan
Oxidation
Pengoksidaan
.

Substance
Bahan
..
Ethanol
Butanol

Product
Hasil
Propane
..
Butane

(b)
Alcohol

Carboxylic acid

Ethanol

Ethanoic acid

Propanol

Methanoic acid

.
.

Propanoate

(c)
Natural polymer
Cellulose
.
.
Natural rubber

Monomer
..
Amino acid
Butanol
.

Ester

..
Propyl propanoate
Butyl ethanoate

5 Diagram 1 shows three structural formula labeled P, Q and R.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan tiga formula struktur berlabel P, Q dan R.
H

H H

HCC=CC CH
H

P
H

CH H

HC C

CH

H
H
H-CH

HCC=CCH
H

H
HCH
H
R

(a) Name each compound according to IUPAC nomenclature system

Namakan setiap sebatian menurut IUPAC system nomenclature
P: ..
Q: .
R: .
(b) Compounds P and R are isomers of a molecule.
Write the molecular formula which is representing both compounds.
Sebatian P dan R adalah isomer bagi satu molekul.
Tulis formula molekul bagi kedua-dua sebatian.
.
6 The following equation shows a chemical reaction.
Persamaan berikut menunjukkan satu tindak balas kimia.
Propanoic acid

+ Ethanol Ethyl propanoate + Water

(a) Write the chemical equation for the above chemical reaction
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas kimia di atas.

(b) Draw the structural formula for ethyl propanoate

Lukis formula struktur bagi etil propanoat

(c) State two physical properties of ethyl propanoate.

Nyatakan dua sifat fizikal bagi etil propanoat.
(i)

(iii)

..

(a) Structured Question

KMnO4
Compound A

Mg

Compound B + H2

Process II

Process I
Compound X
(C2H6O)

Al2O3
Compound C
Process III

H2

C2H6

Process IV

Diagram 1 / Rajah 1
(a) (i) Name compound X
Namakan sebatian X
.
[1 mark]
(ii) State a process to prepare compound X in the laboratory.
Nyatakan proses untuk menyediakan sebatian X di dalam makmal.
.
[1 mark]

(b) (i) Name the process I

Namakan proses I.
..
[1 mark]
(ii) Draw the structural formula of compound A.
Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian A

[1 mark]
(c) (i) Write an equation for process II
Tuliskan persamaan bagi proses II
..
[2 marks]
(ii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at room temperature if 0.012 gram of
magnesium reacts with excess compound A.
Kirakan isipadu bagi gas hidrogen yang terhasil pada suhu bilik jika 0.012 gram
magnesium bertindakbalas dengan sebatian A berlebihan.
[Relative atomic mass of magnesium = 24, 1 mole of gas occupied 24 dm 3 at room
temperature]

[3 marks]
(d) (i) What is the function of aluminium oxide in process III.
Apakah fungsi aluminium oksida bagi proses III.

[1 mark]
(ii) Predict what will be observed when two drops of bromine water is added to compound
C.
Ramalkan apa yang akan diperhatikan apabila dua titik air bromin ditambahkan
kepada sebatian C.
.
[1 mark]

b) Essay Question
Diagram 2 shows changes of a carbon compound involving a series of reactions.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebatian karbon melibatkan satu siri tindakbalas.
+ H2
Propane

Alumina
Propanol

Alkene Y
Heat

Heat

Acidied potassium
dichromate (VI)

Propanoic
acid

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) Draw the structural formulae of two propanol isomers.

Lukiskan formula struktur bagi dua isomer propanol.
[2 marks]
(b) The information below is regarding alkene Y:
Maklumat berikut adalah tentang alkena Y:
Carbon 85.7%
Hydrogen 14.3%
Relative molecular mass = 42
Relative atomic mass of H = 1 and C = 12

Karbon 85.7%
Hidrogen 14.3%
Jisim molekul relatif = 42
Jisim atom relatif bagi H = 1 dan C = 12

Based on the information given,

Berdasarkan maklumat diberikan,
(i) Determine the molecular formula
Tentukan formula molekul.
[4 marks]
(ii) Draw the structural formula
Lukiskan formula struktur
[1 mark]
(iii) Name the alkene
Namakan alkena tersebut.
[1 mark]
(iv) Write the general formula for its homologous series.
Tuliskan formula am bagi siri homolog alkena itu.
[1 mark]

(c) (i) Table 1 shows the results of a test to differentiate between alkene Y and propane.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan ujian untuk membezakan antara alkene Y dan
propana.
Procedure

Observation

Bromine water is added to alkene Y

Air bromine ditambahkan kepada alkena Y

Brown colour is decolourised.

Warna perang dilunturkan menjadi tanpa warna

Bromine water is added to propane

Air bromine ditambahkan kepada propana

Brown colour remains.

Warna perang kekal.
Table 1
Jadual 1

Explain why there is difference in these observations.

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian itu.
[4 marks]
(ii) Table 2 shows results of latex coagulation.
Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan ujian tentang penggumpalan getah.
Procedure
Propanoic acid is added to latex
Asid propanoik ditambahkan kepada lateks
Latex is left under natural conditions.
Lateks dibiarkan pada keadaan semulajadi.

Observation
Latex coagulates immediately.
Lateks menggumpal serta merta.
Latex coagulates slowly.
Lateks menggumpal dengan lambat.

Explain why there is difference in these observations.

Terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian itu.
[2 marks]

SECTION D: PAPER 3
Essay Question
Table 2 shows two types of esters which are produced from different alcohols but
with the same carboxylic acid.
Alcohol
Alkohol
Ethanol
Methanol

Carboxylic acid
Asid karboksilik
Butanoic acid
Butanoic acid

Ester
Ester
Ethyl butanoate
Methyl butanoate

Table 2
Referring to the above information, design a laboratory experiment on how to prepare
these two esters.
In design your experiment it must include the following items:
Items
(a) Aim
Tujuan

Answer
To produce two esters by using
.

(b)
Hypothesis
Hipotesis

Reaction between
with
different .. produce different

(c)Lists of
substances
and
apparatus
Senarai
bahan dan
radas

Substances: Boiling tube,

and beaker

..
Apparatus: Ethanol
.

(d)
Procedure of
experiment

1. Pour 2 cm3 of ethanol into a

.
Then add 1 cm3 of butanoic acid

2. Shake the
Kaedah
eksperimen

3. drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid to the
mixture using dropper
4. .. the mixture gently for a few
minutes
(OR: heat the mixture under reflux)
5. Pour the product into . containing
a little water
6. Smell .. that floats on the
water surface
7. .. by replacing ethanol
with methanol

(e)
Tabulation of
data

Alcohol

Carboxylic acid

..

..

Penjadualan
data