Diuretics - outline

Furosemide (also bumetanide) ( limits uric acid excretion) Loop diuretic Pulmonary oedema,
chronic heart failure, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia
Hydrochlorothiazide(limits Calcium & uric acid excretion) Hypertension, mild heart failure,
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, kidney stones
Spironolactone Hypertension, used with loop diuretics to prevent potassium loss, primary &
secondary aldosteronism
Amiloride- Used with other diuretics to prevent potassium loss
Mannitol (IV administration) no effect on sodium excretion Cerebral oedema, Increased IOP
Drugs of Respiratory System
Xanthine Bronchodilators Aminophylline, Theophyline reversible airway obstruction, COPD,
apnea of prematurity
Anticholinergic bronchodilator Ipratropium (Atrovent) - COPD, brochospasm due to Asthma ,
inhalation for rhinorrhea
Beta 2 Agaonists Albuterol, Salbuterol, Formeterol, Metalproterenol, Levealbuteral COPD,
Asthma as bronchodilators
Beta 2 agonist Isoproterenol COPD, Arrythmia(Bradycardia)
Mucolytic Acetyl cysteine Reduces mucous viscosity, antidote for acetaminophen toxicity(IV)
Expectorant Guaifenesin (Mucinex, Robotussin, Hytuss, Guaituss) Helps to eliminate mucous
throughcough indicated in viral URTI, COUGH,chronic lung conditions
Antihistamines Fexofinadine(Allegra) Loratidine(Claritin) Diphenylhydramine(Benadryl) Rhinitis, Urticaria(idiopathic)as a sedative( depends on drug)
Corticosteroid Beclomethasone, Budosenide(Pulmicort respules) Fluticasone, Triamcinalone
anti-inflammatory, asthma prophylaxis
Mast cell stabilizer Cromolyn(Gastrocrom) Mild to moderate asthma, allergic asthma
Leukotrein receptor antagonist Montelukast, Zafirlukast, Zyleuton Prevention and treatment of
chronic asthma, seasonal allergic rhinitis, anti-inflammatory. ( while using this only beta 2 agonists
are to be used for bronchodilation)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor Rumiflast reduces the risk of exacerbation of brochitis and asthma.

Anti-inflammatory drugs NSAIDs and DMARDs

Ibuprofen COX-1 inhibitor OA, RA, musculoskeletal disorder, dysmenorrhea
Aspirin Antithrombotic in Myocardial infarction - ( not usually used as Analgesic in
musculoskeletal disorder)
Paracetamol Mild to moderate pain mostly headache, most commonly used NSAID
Colecoxib selective COX-2 inhibitor RA, OA, AS, (No antiplatelet action)
Methotrexate Most effective for RA,Psoriasis, AS, Polymyositis, vasculitis, anti-cancer agent
Sulphasalazine RA, juvenile RA, inflammatory bowel disease
Leflunomide RA(with methotrexate)
Infliximab RA (with methotrexate) if other DMARDs have failed in mangaing the disease
Allopurinol Prevents episodes of gout
Colchicine prevents episodes of gout
Accolate Zafirlukast Leukotreine receptor antagonist prevention and treatment of chronic
asthma 5years and older
Accupril/Accuretic Quinapril Hydrochloride ACE inhibitor -Hypertension, Oedema, Heart
failure
Acephen ( rectal suppositary) Acetaminophen Arthritis, Headache, muscle ache, back ache,
tooth ache, colds and fever
Acetadote(injection) -Acetylscysteine antidote for Acetaminophen overdose effects
Actigall capsules Ursodiol (natural bile acid) non-calcified smaller gall stones, primary
biliary cirrhosis(improves bile flow)
Acular LS (Ophthalmic solution) Ketorolac tromethamine (NSAID) eye itching, seasonal
allergies, swelling-pain-burning-stinging after cataract surgery or corneal refractive surgery
Adalat CC (Extended release tablets) Nifidepine Calcium channel blocker angina,
hypertension
Adderall XR Amphetamine&Dextroamphetamine- CNS stimulant ADHD, Narcolepsy
Advil (Cold & Sinus) Ibuprofen & Pseudoephedrine combination stuffy nose, sinus congestion,
cold, flu, fever, cough, pain . (Ibuprofen NSAID pain & fever, Pseudoephedrine-decongestant
shrinks blood vessels in the nasal passages)
Agrylin Anagrelide Lowers blood platelet count Thrombocythemia/thrombocytosis

Aldactazide -Hydrochlorthiazide & Spironolactone HTN, Oedema of CHF, Liver cirrhosis,

Nephrotic syndrome
Aldactone Spironolactone K+ sparing diuretic, - oedema of CHF, Liver cirrhosis and Nephrotic
syndrome, treatment & prevention of hypokalemia
Aldomet Methyldopa( relaxes arteries and veins, makes the heart beat slowly and easily)
Hypertension
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Aldoril Methyldopa + Hydrochlorthiazide HTN
Carbimazole/propylthiouracil/methimazole Hyperthyroidism
Levothyroxine(Synthetic T4)/ LIOTHYRONINE( T3) - Hypothyroidism
Radioiodine/ radioactive iodine Thyrotoxicosis