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A model for a paragraph that includes evidence and your own ideas:

1. Introduce your point (your own words)

2. Add the evidence to support your point (quoted or paraphrased evidence that needs to be
referenced)
3. Explain how and why this evidence supports your point and what you think of it (your own
interpretation and critical thinking)
4. Explain how the point helps answer the question (your own argument)
AND / OR
Connect to next sentence
Or for transition add or subtract
Writing your introduction
An introduction gives your reader a way in to your essay. It is like consulting the map before starting
on a journey; it situates the journey in the surrounding landscape, and it identifies the main route.
You can think of an introduction as covering what / why / how:

What the question is about explain your interpretation of the question and what it is asking you to
do.

Why the question is important, why is examiner asking this question put the question into context
and identify the main issues that are raised by the question.

How you are going to answer it let the reader know what you are going to cover in your essay in
order to answer the question.

First paragraph or anymore

Why u take this position
If you want to narrow down a very open-ended question, tell your reader that you are doing this in
your introduction. Explain briefly that you are aware of the many issues raised by the question, but
that you are only going to focus on one or two in detailand why you have chosen these particular
aspects.
For example:

"To what extent do you agree that regional inequalities in the UK are persistent and widening?"

What the question is about: The links between geographical location and distribution of
resources & wealth in the UK.

Why this is important: Because some regions in the UK are more prosperous and better
resourced than others Why is this? What causes the inequalities between regions?

How I am going to answer it: Have to narrow down "regional" and also "inequalities" so
compare the unemployment rates, average salaries, and job opportunities in Oxfordshire and
Lancashire as a case study.
Essay conclusion
The conclusion of an essay has three major parts:

Answer: the thesis statement, revisited

Summary: main points and highlights from the body paragraphs

Significance: the relevance and implications of the essay's findings

No new information that is relevant to the focus of the essay should be introduced here. If you wish to
make a new point, it should be in a body paragraph.
Answer
As in the introduction, it is essential to revisit your thesis statement in the conclusion. Again, do not
simply repeat it word for word. Keep the essential keywords, and rearrange it. (For strategies on
rewording, the principles of paraphrasing can help.)
Often the thesis statement is revisited near the beginning of the conclusion. The rest of the conclusion
expands out, giving the reader an idea of the relevance and implications of your answer:

As with the introduction, this order of elements is not set in stone. Adapt the order to suit the needs of
each particular essay.
Summary
The conclusion is the final place to show the connections between all the points made in your essay.
Take the most important, relevant, and useful main points from your body paragraphs and summarise

them here. Use the same keywords and ideas as the body paragraphs, but don't just repeat the same
sentences.
Significance
Essays are often described as an attempt to sell your perspective on an issue. A good essay
convinces the reader of the correctness of your argument. An excellent essay goes a step further: it
demonstrates to the reader why the argument is especially important or relevant for the topic.
There are several general statements that you can make in the conclusion to take it beyond merely
summarising the essay. What are the implications of this argument? Why is it important? What issues
does it raise?
Not every essay can end on this note. Shorter essays (those below 1200 words) do not have enough
space available to describe the significance in detail. However, if you are looking for a dynamic way to
end your essay a broader statement on the big picture can be highly effective.
Example conclusions
The following example conclusion contains all three components:

the answer (first sentence, in italics)

a summary of the main points

a final note on the significance (final sentence, in italics)

Above all, teachers need to inform themselves and the rest of the school community so that together
they can develop a policy to discourage bullying. By educating themselves about bullying, teachers
and parents have the knowledge to set up effective programmes and structures both within the
classroom and for the whole school. Furthermore, by removing the opportunity for children to bully,
providing children with a stimulating environment, and giving them the tools to deal with conflict
appropriately, teachers can reduce children's inclination to bully. Although bullying will never be fully
eradicated and must be dealt with as soon as it occurs, increasing awareness of the problem is
making schools a safer and more enjoyable environment in which children can lea
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