Chapter 11

Carbon Compounds

Paper 1
Answer all questions. Each question is followed by four options, A, B, C and D. For
each question, choose one answer only.
1)

Which of the following is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A Alkene
C Alcohol
B Alkane
D Carboxylic acid

2)

An alkane with four carbon atoms has the formula

A C4H4
C C4H8
B C4H6
D C4H10

3)

The general formula for alkene is

A CnH2n
C CnH2n + 2
B C2nHn
D CnH2n + 4

4)

Which of the following is produced when a mixture of propene and hydrogen is

channelled over nickel at a temperature of 180oC?
A Propanol
C Propane
B Propanoic acid
D Propyl propanoate

5)

6)

7)

Which of the following is able to undergo an oxidation reaction?

I Alkene
II Alkane
III Alcohol
IV Carboxylic acid
A I and II only
C II and III only
B I and III only
D I, III and IV only
Esterification occurs when
A carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol
B an alkene is produced from alcohol through heating
C one carbon atom is bonded to an OH group
D one big alkane molecule is broken up into smaller alkene molecules
Which of the following is a polymer?
A Rubber
C Glucose
B Ethene
D Isoprene

1
B

8)

The chemical equation below represents the reaction between butene and bromine.
Butene + Br2 Y
Which of the following is the structural formula for Y?

A
H

H H

HCC CCH
Br H
B

H Br
H H

HCC CCH
H Br
C

Br

H H

HCC CCH
Br Br H H
D

H H

H C C C C Br
H H H

9)

Br

The figure below shows the structural formula for an ester molecule.

What is the name of the ester?

A Methyl ethanoate
B Propyl methanoate

C Propyl ethanoate
D Methyl propanoate

10)

The chemical equation below shows the conversion of ethene to ethanol.

300 oC,
60 atmospheric pressure
phosphoric acid

C2H4
+
H2O
C2H5OH
What is the name of the process shown by the equation above?
A Dehydration
C Hydrogenation
B Hydration
D Oxidation

Paper 2
Answer all the questions.
Structured question
The figure below shows a series of changes experienced by an organic substance.
Propan-2-ol
III

II
Substance
P
o
H2, nickel 180
C

Propene

IV

Propanoic acid

Polymer Q
1,2-dibromopropane

(a) Write the molecular formula for propan-2-ol.

(b)
(i)
How can change I be carried out in the laboratory?
(c)

(d)

(ii)
(i)
(ii)

Name the reaction that occurs.

Name the reaction in change II.
What is the general formula for the homologous series of substance P that is
formed?
(iii)
Substance P has a relative molecular mass of 44. What is the molecular formula
for P?
[Relative atomic mass: H, 1; C , 12] [Show how you obtain the answer]
(i)
Name the substance that is needed in change III.
(ii)
Name the reaction in change III.
(iii)
Write the chemical equation to represent the reaction that occurs.

(e) Draw the structural formula for 1,2-dibromopropane.

(f) Propene can undergo polymerisation. Name polymer Q, which is formed from the
polymerisation process.
(g) Propene can be changed back into propan-1-ol. State the substance and condition needed for
this change.

Essay question
The figure above shows a series of conversions undergone by an organic compound.
Hot porcelain
pieces

+ H2
Alkane X

180oC

Propene

Oxidising
agent

Alcohol Y

Propanoic acid

Ester Z

(a)

Draw the structural formula for two isomers of propanol. Name both the isomers.

[4
marks]
(b)
State one chemical test that allows you to differentiate between propene and alkane X.
Explain the differences in the observations made during the chemical test.
[7
marks]
(c)
State two similarities that are shown by both propene and alkane X.
[2 marks]
(d)
Both alcohol Y and ester Z are colourless liquids. State two differences between the
alcohol Y and ester Z.
[2
marks]
(e)
(i) The table below shows the result of the laboratory activity concerning the
coagulation of latex.
Procedure
Hydrochloric acid is added into the latex

Observation
Latex coagulates

Explain how hydrochloric acid acts on the latex.

[2 marks]

(ii) Latex is required to be maintained in liquid form in order to be exported out of the
country. Suggest one chemical substance that can be added into the latex to maintain
it in liquid form. Explain how the chemical substance reacts.
[3
marks]

Paper 3
Answer the question.
The tyres of vehicles that are made from vulcanised rubber are more
elastic. This is because the sulphur atoms are cross-linked with the
vulcanised rubber polymers. Unvulcanised rubber produced only from
latex that solidifies is less elastic.
Based on the situation above, plan one experiment in the laboratory to compare the properties of
vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber.
Your explanation must contain the following:
(a)
Purpose of the experiment
(b)
All the variables
(c)
Hypothesis statement
(d)
List of materials and apparatus
(e)
Procedure of the experiment
(f)
Tabulation of data

[State the purpose of the experiment]

[State all the variables]
[State the hypothesis]
[List the materials and apparatus]
[Choose the procedure]
[Tabulate the data]

Answers
Paper 1
1
A
2
D
3
A
4
C
5
B
6
A
7
A
8
C
9
D
10
B

Structured question
(a) C3H7OH
(b)
(i)
Propanol vapour is channelled through the heated porcelain pieces
(ii)
Dehydration
(c)
(i)
Hydrogenation / addition
(ii)
CnH2n+2
(iii)
12n + 2n + 2 = 44
14 n = 42
n=3
Molecular formula P = C3H8
(d)
(i)
Acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution / Acidified potassium
manganate(VII) solution
(ii)
Oxidation
(iii)
C3H7OH + 2[O] C2H5COOH + H2O
(d)
(i)
Bromine water
(ii)
Bromination / Addition
(e)
H H H
HCCCH
H Br Br
(f) Polypropene / polypropylene
(g) Material: Steam; Condition: 300oC, 60 atmospheric pressure, phosphoric acid

Essay question
(a)

H H

HCCCH
H H OH
Propan-1-ol
H

H H

HCCCH
H OH H
Propan-2-ol
(b) - Add bromine water into propene and into alkane X.
- Propene decolourises the brown colour of bromine water.
- The brown colour of bromine water remains in alkane X.
Or
- Add acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution into propene and into alkane X.
- Propene decolourises the purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution.
- The purple colour of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution remains in alkane X.
- Propene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon / has a double bond between two carbon atoms
- The addition reaction occurs
- Alkane X is a saturated hydrocarbon / does not have a double bond between two carbon
atoms
- The addition reaction does not occur
(c) Similarities:
- Insoluble in water
- Combusts in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water
(d) Differences:
- Alcohol Y dissolves in water, while ester Z does not
- Ester Z smells fruity, while alcohol Y does not
(e)

(i) - Hydrochloric acid has hydrogen ions that are positively-charged

- The hydrogen ions neutralise the negatively-charged membrane of the rubber
particles
(ii) - Ammonia solution / any alkali
- Ammonia solution has hydroxide ions
- Hydroxide ions neutralise all the acid that is produced any bacteria present,
7

preventing coagulation

Paper 3
(a) Comparing the property of strength of vulcanised rubber and unvulcanised rubber
(b) Variable
that is manipulated : Type of rubber strip
that responds
: Elongation of the rubber strip
that is kept constant : Width and thickness of the rubber strip/mass of the weight
(c) Vulcanised rubber is stronger than unvulcanised rubber
(d) List of materials: Strip of unvulcanised rubber, strip of vulcanised rubber
List of apparatus: Retort stand, weight, ruler, clip
(e)
- The unvulcanised rubber strip is hung using the clip.
- The initial length of the unvulcanised rubber is measured.
- A weight of 20 g is hung on the strip of unvulcanised rubber.
- The length of the unvulcanised rubber strip is measured and the length of the elongation
of the rubber strip is recorded.
- The experiment is repeated using the vulcanised rubber strip.
(f)
Type of rubber strip
Unvulcanised rubber
Vulcanised rubber

Elongation of the rubber strip / cm