Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
report
2009-2010
NAME:-
DEBADITYA NATH
DEPARTMENT:-
INSTITUTE:-
071680105016
071680105101016
Index
1
CONTENT
PAGE
NO.
INTRODUCTION
MECANICAL SECTION
10
22
ELECTRICAL OPERATION
36
CONCLUSION
47
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
48
BANDEL
The construction of the project was inaugurated on April 20, 1962 by J.K. Galbraith, then US Ambassador to India
in presence of late Dr. B.C.Roy, then Chief Minister of West Bengal. The project cost of the 1st four units was 35.54
crores.
Another unit of 210 MW was planned and Central Government sanctioned it in August, 1972. The unit happens to be
first 210 MW unit under WBSEEB. The fieldwork started in 1975 and completed in 1983.
The estimated project cost of 210 MW unit was 33.74 crores. But it cost was 100 crores by the time the construction
was completed.
The dates of commissioning of different units are as follows:
04.02.1966
23.12.1965
17.09.1966
01.10.1966
18.02.1983
COAL
3
HANDLING
PLANT
WAGON TIPPLER:
4
In simple power stations, the coal is unloaded manually from wagon. As the rate of unloading
by this process is very slow, it is not applicable in a big power station. The function of wagon
tippler is to unload the entire wagon mechanically in min.
The loaded wagon known as box wagon comes in two types: BOX C & BOX N; the tare weight
of the wagon is around 22 meter and the weight of coal is around 57 meter. The overall
capacity of wagon tipplers is about 100 tones. So it should be below this line.
Operation:
The loaded wagons are pushed one after another in the wagon tippler base by a diesel
locomotive. Now the desired wagon is detached and the operator operates the tippler. So
that the entire coal of the wagon is unloaded into the hopper. After unloading the wagon the
tippler returns back to its original position by limit switch action.
In B.T.P.S. two types of wagon tipplers are used:
1.ROTARY WAGON TIPPLER
TRANSFER HOUSE:
It is a cross belt system. Here the impurities are separated from coal. The coal is transferred
from one belt to another belt.
Conveyer belt:
It is made up of rubber and nylon carcass. The frictional resistance has to be maintained so
that the coal doesnt fall from belt. Therefore the belt is inclined to 20 degree known as
angle of response to make the frictional resistance neutral. The belt runs with the help of
roller mechanism. In the beginning the belt is run at no load condition because at loaded
condition the starting torque will be very high, thus the power consumption will be high and
the time span for back e.m.f. will be more. The belt is held from going backward by the help
of 2 pulleys named Head pulley & Tail pulley.
Take up:
6
Stack yard:
After the coal is being crushed into proper shape, then the total amount of coal is not used
but collected or stored in a yard is known as Stack Yard, from which we can use it for further
in boiler.
Crusher house:
Here the uncrushed coal is crushed in proper sizes. It has a grinder, hopper. In B.T.P.S. 2
crushers are there, one is INDIAN and another is AMERICAN.
A V M W 630 M
3
50 Hz
6600
300
747
B
55
400
36.5
3Nos 250W, 240V
50 degree centigrade
4700 Kg
Ash handling plant (asp)Fly ash from the product of combustion of pulverized coal in the boiler is separated in two
stages.
Unit 1-4:
1st stage:
Heavier particles are separated in the mechanical dust collector.
nd
2 stage:
Finer particles are separated in the electrostatic dust collector.
Unit 5:
Mechanical dust is not used here. ESP collects fly ash.
Fly ash
: Hydroveyor system.
Bottom ash : Hydrowest system.
Now the fly ash is mixed with bottom ash in slurry with high pressure water carried through
pipes and finally deposited in two ash ponds.
Ash pond no. 1: 2850`*550`*13`
Ash pond no. 2: 2505`*629`*13.6`
MECHANICAL
OPERATION
MECHANICAL SECTION
The MECHANICAL SECTION is the main department in a power plant. The generation of steam,
expanding of steam in turbine through different stages result in generation of power through
generator coupled with turbine. This section can be divided into three parts:
1. De- mineralized plant
2. Boiler
3. Power generation
The basic layout in the power plant is the steam generated in boiler after expanding through the
different stages of the H.P turbine is reheated in the reheater and return to the I.P turbine through
interceptor and I.P control valves and then finally L.P side. It is then exhausted to condensers. The
water is then feed to the boiler through different heaters and dearator.
DE-MINERALIZING PLANT:
De-mineralized water plant is the ordinary water plant with the exception of water is being
mineral free. Water used in the boiler is taken from the river Ganges. As it contain many
impurities and is muddy. De- mineralized water is needed to make the boiler more lasting.
Here the water is de-mineralized through ion exchange process.
Purpose:
The ultimate aim is of boiler water treatment can be stated as follows:
To prevent and control the formation of deposits in the boiler drum and tubes.
To prevent the corrosion of boiler and its axillaries.
To prevent foaming and carry over for producing high purity steam.
The deposition on the surface of drum and tubes may cause:
1. Overall boiler efficiency decreases.
2. Formation of high temperature causing overheating of metals and tube failure.
3. Sudden rupture of scales may admit water to highly heated metal forming hydrogen
and oxygen.
Process:
It is simple and relatively inexpensive method for getting pure water. In this process the
clean raw water at ordinary temperature is de-mineralized by passing it in succession
through the tanks of granular ion exchange. A resin or polymer, made up of huge organic
molecule of long chain of monomers (polystyrene C-C-C-C-C-C-CC-).
STEP-1:
In step-1 water is passed through resin in hydrogen form. The resins take out the cation and
give up hydrogen in exchange.
1. Reaction of cation exchange resin with bicarbonates:
Ca/Mg/Na2 + (HCO3)3 + H2/Z= Ca/Mg/Na2 + Z/2H2 CO3
2. Reaction of cation exchange resin with sulphate or chloride:
Ca/Mg/Na2 + SO4 + H2/Z= Ca/Mg/Na2 +Z/2H2SO4
The outlet water is acidic since acids are always produced where salts cation have been
replaced by hydrogen.
STEP-2:
10
Carbonic acid is unstable and very easily decomposed into CO2 and H2O. Spreading the dilute
Carbonic acid over Ceramic rings can decrease decomposition.
STEP-3:
The steps or demineralization process are accomplished by passing the effluent from the
second step through the resin in the hydrogen from to replaced anion by hydroxyl anions.
H2 SO4 /HCl + OH- /Z = SO4 /Z/Cl + H2 O
Hence the outlet water is pure.
MIXED BED UNIT:
Boiler feed make-up water of high pressure should be pure. To get that quality of water
effluent from the stated STEP-3 is passed again through another vessel containing a mixture
of cation and anion exchange resin. Normally the mixed bed acts as a polishing unit and
removes these cations and anions that have slipped through above steps.
Turbine:
Each turbine consists of 2 casings of elements, a single high pressure and intermediate pressure
element and a double flow low pressure element. The two elements are enclosed in separate
cylinders, the steam flowing from the high pressure exhausts through.
1. SUPPLIER
2. TYPE
:
:
3. SPECIFICATION
Capacity:106000 KVA
Speed: 3000 rpm
Frequency: - 50 cycles/sec.
Voltage: 13800 V
Phase: 3
Power Factor: 0.85
Rated Current: 4393 A
12
Generators:
1. SUPPLIERS
2. TYPE
4. SPECIFICATION
:
:
:
:
:
:
Condenser:
1. SUPPLIER
2. TYPE
3. SPECIFICATION
2. SPECIFICATION
Capacity: Speed: -
Unit-5
13
The 210 MW has been designed on the concept of unit system where a single steam generator
supplies steam to a single turbine coupled to an AC generator connected to the 132 KV station bus.
The Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited turbine is tandem compound double flow 5 stage bleeder type
condensing turbine with one re-heat and with a maximum capability of 210 MW.
Steam Generator or Boiler:
1. MAKE
2. TYPE
:
:
:
:
:
:
Acc- Vickers-Babcock
Natural circulation, completely water cooled
Furnace of membrane type with super heaters and reheaters.
158.2 kg/cm2
31.0 kg/cm2
:
540 0 C
136 kg/cm2
26.2 kg/ cm2
700 Te/hr
247 0 C
6
Bab-cock & Wil-cox
24.115 Te/hr
20-37
Turbine:
1. SUPPLIER
2. TYPE
3. SPECIFICATION
:
:
:
14
Generator:
1. SUPPLIER
2. TYPE
3. SPECIFICATION
:
:
:
MAKER
:
TYPE
:
NUMBER
:
RUNNER DIAMETER:
:
:
:
:
5. FAN AIR
PRESSURE (mm w.g)
6. AIR TEMPERATURE :
7. SPEED ( rpm)
8. FAN CONTROL
:
1080
0
271 C
1470
Maintenances of components:
Boiler: Sometimes boiler tube leakage ruptures are found to occur due to high thermal stress.
To detect the leakage water is passed through the tubes at normal pressure. After rectification,
normally hydraulic test is done with pressure at 1.5 times of working pressure.
Burner: Before putting the burner into service ensure that all the burners to be used is
perfectly cleaned. All passages particularly the small holes and the circulating distributing grooves of
sprayer head are free from grease and other foreign materials.
Condenser Pump: Each unit is provided with the 2 seven stages vertical pump with hollow
shaft of 150 HP motor. Normally one pump would be in operation and the other is kept stand-by. If no
liquid is delivered then it may be for impeller plugged up. It should be cleaned properly. Excessive
clearance of damaged impeller may cause pump to deliver capacity below its rated value. Pressure
that is built up is not enough. In this case pump should be rectified. Clogged strainer in suction line
causes the working of pump for a while and then looses suction.
Boiler Feed Pump: When the pump is in service, an hourly check will prove to be good
preventive measure. Any change in a smooth running of pump should be checked immediately and
possible serious damage to be prevented. An hourly routine check should be made for the following:
Bearing temperature
Packing
Cooling water system
Inlet and discharge pressure
Pulverizer: In a forced shut down there is possibility of fire in the pulverizer. If it is possible to
run the pulveriser empty the following procedure is to be followed:
If shut down occur while the air and fuel mixture leaving as at or over 160 F and the absence
of fire in the pulveriser then it is to be cleaned by hands.
If the shut down occur while the air and fuel mixture leaving the pulveriser was less than 150 F
then the pulveriser fuel may be partially left in the pulveriser provided operation will be
resumed after 3 hours.
If the shut down exceeds 3 hours it is advisable to clean out the pulveriser by hands as soon as
possible.
Shooting Blowers: Prior to operating the shoot blowers, one of the operators of the
boiler concerned should be sent up for the inspection of the system. He should be sent up to
inspect the complete system starting from steam supply to the individuals blower and should
16
report any leakage if found out. This should be put into immediate effect as preventive
measures.
Commissioning, Operation &Isolation of the equipments of the boiler:
For these the required steps to be followed are:
1. Chemical feeding to boiler: Prior to lighting up any boiler the chemical station should
be checked and the chemical dosages that might be necessary must be ascertained.
2. Preparation for firing oil: Extreme precaution is to be taken prior to lighting against
spilling of oil which may lead to fire.
3. Procedure for putting baley feed water-valve in service: Before putting the valve in
service a practice should be made to change the transfer level on the valve from
hand to automatic with a small pause in reset position.
4. Hydrostatic test on boiler: During hydrostatic test in any boiler please arrange to
isolate all instrument on the pressure side except of course the pressure gauges.
5. Baley 100% Feed Water valve: This valve has locking features, which locks in position
when the 60 psi pressure comes down to 28 psi, when this happens release the locks
after air supply is restored again.
6. Clearance for working inside a pulveriser: The following blocking may be done apart
from electrical blocking of the mill blocking of coal pipes: PA fans and all hot air
dampers to PA fans or mill.
7. Limitation of igniter transformer: After each cycle of 30 seconds, the igniter shall be off
for 120 seconds before a second cycle is started. This may be done for maximum of 2
hours fin every 4 hours.
8. Commissioning and isolating gauge glasses: While commissioning keep the drain open
of the steam side let the glass warm up to about 30 sec. The water side valve should
be crack opened and allowed the level to be established and both valves should be
opened.
9. Coal valve of idle machine: The burner valve shall be closed after completing all
operation taking out mill group and shall be kept closed in a stand by mill.
10.
Checking of boiler: All control engineers shall ensure that the boiler operator
check the boiler from top to bottom.
ELECTRO-STATIC PRECIPITATOR:
Under government rules and regulation for industrial pollution control, Electro-static
precipitator is must to each and every industry which deals high ash as residing. An ESP is a
chamber in which fuel gas from the furnace is forced into F.D fans. The particle of fuel gases
are ionized by electric fields produced by the electrodes placed in the chambers.
In the diagram when dust laden flue gas enter precipitator (A) a DC current from a
transformer rectifier couple arrange is supplied to electrode (C) is called collecting electrode.
As the electrode get charged a corona formation takes place which ionizes the dust laden
flue gases flow out through B to the chimney. The electrodes are cleaned from dust by
hammering which are operated by ramp motors. Thus the dusts drop below to the hopper
and are collected by pipes fitted below and are carried to the ash yards.
17
CONTROL
PANEL
RECTIFIER
STEP-UP
TRANSFORMER
CIRCUIT
INSULATOR
C
B
CLEAN GAS TO CHIMNEY
CLEAN GAS
FROM FURNANCE
HOOPER MOUTH
DUST PARTICLE
18
Steam Cycle
19
PROCESS
CONTROL
&
INTRUMENTATION
FEED BACK:
20
Property of a closed loop system, which permits the output to be compared with the input to the
system so the appropriate control action may be fanned as some function of the output & input. It
minimizes the error in the system.
LINE DIAGRAM OF CONTROL SYSTEMCLOSED LOOP SYSTEM-
a. Oil burner flame failure trip is prohibited until the trial time for feeder flame is completed.
b. During the feeder igniter trial time, the flame failure trip is inhibited at the end of trial time s if
coal flames are established; with the 3 out of 4 P.F. scanners the pulverizer group burner is
established. The oil burner now be permitted to be removed from service provided the coal
flame an along signal is high and no of pulveriser operating equals to three in a healthy
manner.
c. If at the end of feeder igniter trial time, 2 out of 4 P.F. flame scanners sense no sense then trip
signal will be fed. Additional flame failure logic and emergency tripping will occur as directed
by the logic.
CONTROL SHUT DOWN OF PULVERISER:
The following conditions should be satisfied they are:
1. Mill group running.
2. P.F. burners running
3. All oil burners in selected mill group established. Then feeder is tripped immediately. Now mill
motor current is near to no load current, the pulveriser is tripped and the output temperature
of the pulveriser reach a particular temperature the following operations are initiated.
1. Trip P.A. fan
2. Shut down of oil burners.
EMERGENCY SHUT DOWN OF PULVERISER:
A.)
1. Associated P.A. fan trip.
2. Boiler trip.
3. Loading gas pressure low.
4. Mill lubricant oil pressure low.
5. 2 out of 4 P.F. flames showing poor flame.
B.)At the end of 10 sec the igniter trial time for oil valve, if the oil flame scanner senses flame
then burner ON signal will be generated to move the air register from prefight to oil /P.F. position, the
oil flame scanner FLAME ON lamp will also be the BMs console.
C. )At the end of successful starting of oil burner, commands are maintain to retain the status of
the following:1. Oil valve opened position.
2. Atomizing valve open position.
3. Burner inserted & signal to trip the igniter.
D.)
At the end of start lockout time if any one of the following conditions is present then
burner will trip:
1. Oil valve not proven open.
2. Burner not inserted.
3. Air register not in oil/P.F. position.
OIL BURNER TRIP:
1. Operating the burner control switch either from console plague or from local cubical.
2. Boiler trip.
3. Oil pressure low.
4. Atomizing stream pressure low.
5. Oil scanners see flame & oil valve open & the corresponding mill group P.F. igniter timer not
operating.
6. Oil scanners see flame and burner starts lock out timer expired under any of the following
conditions.
a. Air register not in selected position.
23
boiler side). All the control components are of George Kent U.K. range. The control system may be
divided in three broad stage e.g. Measurement and transmission, control function computation and
controller action, Final regulation.
All
computations and controller action are achieved electronically by rack-mounted plug in type
mnincards. The racks are assembled in different cubicles which taken together is called UNIRACK. The
uni-rack has ten cubicles. Cubical no. 6 & 7 contain power and supply power at +20 V D.C., -20 V
D.C., +24 V D.C. and 24 V a.c. Other cubicles accommodate mnincards for computation of different
functions like, additions/subtractions/average, square root, multiplication, division, function
generation, voltage to current conversion, scaling and biasing, analog-integration, differentiation etc.
Minicard type 74 R is the boundless controller having input range +4 V d.c. and output + 20 V d.c.
pulses on raise line or lower line depending upon the polarity of input. Proportional band setting
range = 5 to 360 %, I.A.T. setting = 5 sec. to 10 min. and D.A.T. (derivative action time) setting = 0 to
5 min.
Auto-manual logic cards (T-AM) are mounted on the upper part of the unirack. These cards work in
conjunction with auto-manual come setting station mounted on control room desk. This trans data - 2
types T-CB desk presentation unit has AUTO, MANUAL, RAISE and LOWER push buttons with
integrated lamps. If auto button is pressed and no auto failure condition exist, the auto lamp will glow
and the controller output will pass through the T- AM to the actuator. I f manual button is pressed,
auto lamp will be off and manual raise, lower lamp will glow, thereby cutting off controller output at
the T- AM and the status quo will be maintained. If now raised button is pressed, 24 V A.C. will pass
through T- AM on raise line and similarly for lower button for lower pulse. If auto failure / manual
failure condition occurs, auto / manual lamp will flicker and auto / both auto and manual operation
will be inhibited. The mnincards work on + 20V and - 20V D.C. Voltage and 24 a.c. for, T- AM logic
cards for operation of logistic relays for contact development.
FINAL REGULATOR:
All the end regulators or drives operate on pneumatic system. These are control valves or power
cylinders. Control valves are used in feed water cycle, steam line e.g. for drum level control,
condenser hot well level control, dearator level and pressure control. L.P. and H.P. heater level control
etc. Power cylinders are used where comparatively larger stroke with larger force is required to drive
the regulator e.g. F.D. and P.A. fan vane control, I.D. fan inlet and outlet damper control, I.D. fan and
BFP hydraulic coupling scoop tube control etc. To operate the regulators, air signal is required for
which a pulse to pneumatic converter type series 300 T- TP is used near the actuator. These T- TP
converters are used 24 V reversible synchronous a.c. motor with linear control system. The 20 V D.C.
pulses of 74 R are converted to equivalent time duration 24 V R.M.S. by means of minicard 21 a.c.
switch. This a.c. voltage, either raise or lower, operates the T- TP to produce 0.2 to 1.0 kg/cm^2 air,
which control signal in turn operate the actuator. The pneumatic drives have been provided with air
25
lock relays to maintain the regulators in stay-put condition if supply air pressure falls to 3.5 kg/cm^2.
Now coming to the control loop function proper, a typical control loop, say furnace pressure control is
discussed in some details.
COMBUSTION CONTROL:
A signal is generated to achieve the condition that turbine inlet stem pressure is maintained at a set
value (125 kg/cm^2 in this plant). This signal is trimmed by temperature corrected total steam flow
signal to account for transient load changes. The resulting signal is called Master Demand signal
which after a lead-lag interlock forms the demand for both fuel & air control system.
The fuel flow control is achieved separately for 6 mills by controlling simultaneously. P.A. fan vane
and coal feeder speed and coal level. Total air flow is controlled by operating F.D. fan inlet vanes on
the basis of demand signal and actual air flow signal trimmed by oxygen level in flue gas.
STARTING TRIPPING OF A BOILER:
Starting of a boiler1. At least one set of I.D. /F.D. fan is on.
2. Boiler trip condition exists.
Boiler will be provided a purge interlock as detailed below:
1. Either or both I.D. fan running.
2. Either or both F.D. fan running.
3. At least one air register from each pair of air registers (mill group) open to purge position.
4. Air flow is between 25% - 35%.
5. All scanners show no flame.
6. All oil valves closed (burner).
Once the purge required lamp glows and one presses the purge start push button the following
sequences proceeds:5 minutes purge required lamp glows. At the end of 5 minutes purge complete
indication lamp comes. Provided all the boiler trip interlocks at reset. Getting purge completion MFR
is reset.
27
BOILER TRIPPING:
The MFR that is boiler trip due to any of the following:a. Drum level extreme low and wipe out switch not operated.
b. Drum level extreme high and wipe out switch not operated.
c. Furnace pressure very high for more than 3 sec.
d. Furnace pressure very low for more than 3 sec.
e. Both I.D.s trip.
f. Both F.D.s trip.
g. Emergency trip P.B. pressed.
h. 6.6 KV switchgear trip.
i. Total furnace flame poor more than 3 sec.
j. H.P. bypass station closed and one or both ESV and IV closed with any mill group burners or
load carrying oil burners in service.
TRIPPING OF MFR RELAYS:
a. Emergency shutdown sequence of oil burners.
b. Emergency shutdown sequence of mill.
c. Emergency shutdown of P.A. fan and seal air fans.
d. Closing of main fuel oil shut off valve.
e. Signal to register control system to maintain the status.
Tripping of MFR also gives some signal:
a. Close hp/lp bypass system.
b. Close SH, atemperation water supply.
c. Close RH, atemperation water supply.
d. Trip HV Supply to ESP.
FLAME SCANNERFlame scanners are used to supervise both oil and PF flame in boiler. The entire boiler flame is
scanned by 48 nos. of unit flame scanners. Out of which 24 nos. for oil flame and 24 for PF flame.
Flame scanner is based on infrared scanning. Scanner head sensors are mounted on furnace walls.
Heads/Sensors detect the flame condition and the voltage signal proportional to flame (brightness
and flickering) send to process module through cables.
The process module primarily amplifies the signal and separates the flickering portion i.e. AC analog
is then introduced in a logic circuit. Less than 4% flame is said to be poor flame otherwise good
flame.
Oil burner will trip if it receives less than 4% flame and a mill group without oil support will trip under
poor flame condition of two PF flame scanners. The boiler/MFR is likely to trip under no flame
condition through 3 sec. time delay.
28
In this scheme, on the HP side, a portion of the main steam is bypass to the REHEATER,
(without passing through the HP turbine) and on the LP side a portion of the HOT
REHEATER steam is bypass to the condenser.
In each case pressure reducing and De super heating of the HP side is provided to
control the steam pressure and temperature entering reheater and condenser
respectively. A special steam throw off device has been incorporated in the condenser to
condense the LP bypass steam.
Dense Reheating water of HP bypass station is taken from the boiler feed system. For
LP bypass station Dense-Reheating is done by condenser.
1.
a.
b.
c.
The bypass system will perform the following function:Control of MS and reheated steam pressure.
Bypass the steam to condenser in case of turbine trip out.
Facilitate boiler start up and condense DM water. During HOT START-UP, HP/LP bypass
system will increase boiler loading by dumping steam generated in condenser and
permit rising steam temperature to match with HP/LP turbine metal temperature.
d. Offer re-heated protection by establishing steam flow through it.
2. The HP bypass system consists of:a. Two nos. of pressure reducing and De-superheating(PRDS)
Control valve (BP1 & BP2) each to pass 100 T/hr at 140 atms. And 540 degree centigrade
b. One no. spray water pressure valve (BD) to maintain constant pressure before desuperheating/at temperature water control valves (BPE)
c. Two no. spray water valve (BPE1 & BPE2) for control of steam temperature at the outlet
of HP bypass valve.
d. Hydraulic oil system for operation of HP/LP control valve system.
e. Pressure and temperature controller.
3. The LP bypass system consists of:a. Two pressure control valve (LBP1 & LBP2) complete with electro hydraulic actuators each
to 112 T/hr steam at 6 atms and 540 degree centigrade.
b. Two LP De-super heaters.
c. Two nos. spray water valve (LBPE1 & LBPE2) for control of steam temperature at the
outlet of LP bypass valve
d. Pressure and temperature controllers.
4. Interlock & safety:HP/LP bypass system will receive a closing signal (priority signal) over-riding normal
control of impulse under any of the following condition:a. Temperature of stem discharged by HP bypass valve is high
b. Condenser vacuum is low
c. Steam discharge temp. of any branch of LP bypass is too high
d. MFR trips
e. Water supply to steam through off device is shunt.
5. A priority signal as described above the HP bypass V/V will close if: opening of valve is
less than 2% & the valve is in annual mode of operation or the set is on normal load.
6. The system will become operative against under auto mode for any of the following
condition:
a. Generator lock out relay has tripped or
b. One or both ESV & one or both IVR closed
29
30
ELECTRICAL
OPERATION
31
ELECTRICAL OPERATION
The main m/c and equation required for generation and transmission of electricity can be divided in
to sections.
Generation
Transmission
Generator
Exciter
Enclosed bus duct
Generator transformer
Auxiliary transformer
circuit breaker
High voltage switchyard installation for transmission of power.
Current transformer.
Potential transformer.
Grounding transformer.
Lightening arrester.
Automatic voltage regulator.
Protection device and control equipments.
Measuring recording instruments.
The frequency should be checked in the frequency meter and adjusted by the governor
switch.
The generator breaker should be switched on at 5min to 12 oclock when pointer moving
in clock wise direction immediately after closing the breaker the governor switch must
be operated and load drawn at 5 MW. Inform MCR accordingly.
U.L.R.
T.L.R.
M.F.R
34
Fan starts at 60 C
Oil temperature high alarm 75 C
Winding temperature high alarm 85 C
Total no. of fans 12
Some important
Some important
CIRCUIT BREAKER
The circuits breakers are automatic switches that can make or break circuit under normal and
faulty conditions. During the abnormal or faulty conditions the relays sense the faults and close the
trip circuit of the circuit breaker hence the circuit breaker opens to disconnect the faulty part from the
healthy part of the system.
Types of Circuit Breakers:
Circuit breaker can be classified on the basis of arc quenching medium.
Type 34541000
Volume of oil tank3978
Make Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ltd. USA
Serial No. 4371/1962
Rated voltage 138000v
Cycles -- 50
Rated continuous ampere 1600
Impulse withstand kV --650
Max. Design kV 145
Total weights with oil 2140kg
Rated interrupting MVA at rated voltage 10000
Date of manufacture --1962
33 KV DEION GRID OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER:
Type 34500
Weight of tank with oil-403.7kg
Rated continuous ampere 1200
Max. Design kV 38
Rated interrupting MVA at rated voltage 1000
Specifications
Types of Circuit Breaker
SF6
MOCB
ABCB
Voltage level
138 KV
145 KV
145 KV
Current level
1600 Amps
1600 Amps
1600 Amps
Fault level
10000 MVA
7000 MVA
7000 MVA
Medium of arc
SF6
Oil
Air
36
RELAYS
Introduction:
The protective relay is a protective device that detects the faults and initiates the operation of
the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the rest of the system.
The relay detects the abnormal conditions in the electrical circuit b y constants measuring the
electrical quantities which are different under normal and abnormal conditions. The relay provides a
very good indication of the type of fault which has occurred and also indicates the isolation of fault.
In order the protective relay system may perform its function satisfactorily. It should have the
following quantities:
Selectivity:
It is the ability of the protective system to select correctly that part of the system
in trouble and disconnect the faulty part without disturbing the rest of the system.
Speed:
It is the ability of the power system to operate as fast as possible.
Sensitivity:
It is the ability of the relay system to operate with low value of actuating quantity.
Reliability:
It is the ability of the relay system to operate under the pre-determined
conditions.
Simplicity:
The relaying system should be simple so that it can be easily maintained.
Reliability is closely related to simplicity.
Economy :
The most important factor in the choice of a particular protection scheme is the
economic aspect.
The relays classified according to their operating characteristics are:
Solenoid type relay
Attracted armature type relay
Electro-dynamic type relay
Moving coil type relay
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The relays that are being used in the power system are as follows:
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COUPLING CAPACITORs
It is nothing but series of capacitor actually in a transmission line, power frequency as well as
radio frequency flows. It is called power line carrier communication system (P.L.C.C.). Coupling
capacitor enters the high frequency for communication purpose.
WAVE TRAP
As the equipments needs 50 Hz frequency therefore we have to block the higher frequencies
which is also coming into the line that is those of telecom, radio, etc. from entering into the
equipments supply. This purpose is served by Wave Trap. It hangs from the line bus. It is a LC circuit
when the frequency is greater than 50 Hz, the impedance Z is high and thus it does not response at
this moment, hence it blocks higher frequencies.
INSULATOR
For high KV power transmission purpose proper insulation is very necessary. Insulators are various
types. For the situation or location of the system is classified as:
Pin Type Insulator:
Used in above 66Kv line due to its large size, cost and weight. They are used for
transmission and distribution of electric power at voltage up to 33kV. Beyond operating voltage
of 33 kV, the pin type insulators become too bulky and hence uneconomical.
Suspension Type Insulator:
Design of operating voltages of about 11 KV. It is free to swing in any direction, therefore
providing greater flexibility. For instance, if the working voltage is 66KV, then six disc in series
will be provided on the string.
Strain Or Tension Type Insulator:
Design for handling mechanical stresses at different angle position where there is a
change in the direction of the line or at termination of the line. For low voltage lines (<11 kV),
shackle insulators are used as strain insulator and for high voltage lines, strain insulator
consists of an assembly of suspension type insulators.
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CONCLUSION
B.T.P.S has been a satisfactory performance during the last 30 years. In the year 1986, 1989, 1991, B.T.P.S has got
meritorious productivity award of C.E.A of about Rs. 5.9 lacs, Rs. 6 lacs and Rs. 7.9 lacs respectively. B.H.E.L has
also given Rs. 4 lacs award for better performance of 5th in the year 1988-89.
Certain achievements of the plants are: Record generation -510 MW on 18th April 1987.
Record generation in 24 hours 10395 MWH on 19th July, 1985.
Record generation in a month 255122 MWH in July, 1985.
Maximum generation of 5th unit - 225 MW on 3rd August, 1985.
Maximum generation of 5th unit in 24 hours 5011 MWH on 25th July 1985.
Maximum generation of 5th unit in a month 135974 MWH in March, 1994
Total running hours of units till 1995-96 are:
Unit Running hours
1
185667
2
208074
3
198348
4
196101
5
79739
8. Total generation of units till 1995-96 are:
Unit
Generation in MWH
1
9063830
2
9942790
3
9719080
4
9492790
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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We are also extremely thankful to many other staffs whose names are not
mentioned here. We apologize personally for this. We are sorry for any kind
of unknowingly done odds during our vocational training. At last we thank
the entire management and also all the employees of Bandel thermal power
station.
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