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ATMOSPHERE
KALYANSIR.COM
THE ATMOSPHERE:
We know:
That the Oxygen is the life breath of human beings.
That the plants take Carbon dioxide and live.
That there is an ozone layer in the atmosphere that
protects us from the Ultra-Violet rays coming from the
Sun.
Where these gases are present?
These are present in surroundings of the earth and it
is called atmosphere.
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Argon 0.93%
Carbon dioxide 0.03%.
Neon 0.0018 %
Water vapour, dust particles, Helium, Ozone, Krypton, Xenon etc also present in the
atmosphere.
The Nitrogen and Oxygen are considered to be the permanent constituents of the
atmosphere.
Remaining gases are the variable constituents.
The heavier gases are concentrated in the lower parts of the atmosphere.
The lighter gases are concentrated in the upper layers of the atmosphere.
The Nitrogen gas is important for vegetative growth.
The Nitrogen gas is also helpful for combustion.
The Carbon dioxide gas absorbs the heat from the Sun and the earth.
CO2 is a major nutrient for plants.
High concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere leads to the Greenhouse effect.
STRUCTURE (LAYERS) OF ATMOSPHERE
The atmosphere is divided into 5 layers.
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
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Ionosphere
Exosphere
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TROPOSPHERE:
STRATOSPHERE:
This is the second layer in the atmosphere.
The Ozone layer is present in this layer. (Please remember).
Ozone layer is present 25 to 30 km above the surface of the earth.
This zone is called ozonosphere.
The temperature is very high as this layer absorbs the UV rays.
Air pockets are absent in this layer.
There is an absence of water vapour in this layer.
The layer is calm and clear.
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MESOSPHERE:
This is the 3rd layer.
This is a transitional layer.
This layer is present up to 80 km.
This layer is considered to be the coldest layer.
The temperature decreases with the increase of height.
IONOSPHERE:
This is the 4th layer in the atmosphere.
This is an electrically conducting layer.
They reflect the radio waves back to the earth.
The Ionosphere helps in radio communication.
This layer acts as a protective layer against meteorites. (Meteorites are burnt in this
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layer).
The height is up to 400 km.
EXOSPHERE:
This is the outermost layer of the atmosphere.
The extent or the boundary of this layer is not clear.
Miscellaneous:
The earth receives heat from the sun and is called insolation.
The surface of the earth receives the heat at the rate of 1.94 calories per Sq.cm per
minute.
The vast amount of energy coming to and leaving the earth is called radiation.
The Sun radiation is in the form of short waves.
Radiation from the earth is called terrestrial radiation.
The terrestrial radiation is in the form of long waves.
What is the average temperature of the earth?
This remains constant because of the incoming and outgoing radiation. This is called heat
budget.
The heat budget is not uniform throughout the earth.
Up to 400 latitude the amount of solar radiation is received is high than it is lost to space.
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Above the 400 latitude the amount of radiation received is less than it is lost.
Aurora is a luminous phenomenon observed in the atmosphere in the high altitude
regions.
The Aurora is produced by the entry of the charged particles from the sun into the
earths magnetic field and occurs at a height of 100 km.
The Aurora are visible in high latitudes of both northern and southern hemispheres.
The Aurora of northern hemisphere is called Aurora Borealis.
AURORA BOREALIS
AURORA AUSTRALIS
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Most of the energy emitted by the sun is not received by the earth because of
absorption, scattering and reflection.
Depending on the temperature distribution the globe can be divided into three
temperature zones.
1.
2.
3.
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BAROMETER
Aneroid Barometers are the modern barometers that do not make use of any liquids.
ANEROID BAROMETER
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BAROGRAPH
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Abdul Aziz Sir ..plz upload some more current affairs of last
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Sabha also..an supreme court has upheld such a ruling.So
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