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The molten magma in the earth moves inside the earth and causes the movement of
the earth.
A volcano is a vent opening into the earth crust through which molten material erupts
abruptly.
VOLCANO
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P WAVES
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Seismograph:
This is a sensitive instrument.
This is an instrument used to record the
seismic waves.
This records the earth quakes that are
thousands of kilometers away.
Richter Scale:
This is an instrument to record the intensity
of the earth quakes.
The Richter scale has 0 to 10 points.
Intensity Scale: This is developed by
Mercalli of Italy. This has 0 to 12 points.
S-WAVES
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These waves also move through the body of an object unlike the primary waves.
These are also called transverse waves.
They travel only through solid medium.
They do not travel through the liquid.
S-Waves arrive second at the record stations.
Like P-Waves the S-Waves also travel the same distance.
The objects are moved side to side with S-Waves.
L-WAVES:
L-waves are also called Love waves and are named after British Geophysicist A.E.H.
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Love.
L-waves make the rock to move horizontally.
These are more destructive compared to the P and S waves.
The vertical displacement does not take place.
TSUNAMI:
This is a Japanese word.
This means Harbor wave.
A tsunami is a series of water waves that causes displacement of large volume of water.
The most important reason for Tsunami is the tectonic forces.
India in the year 2007 unveiled an early tsunami warning system.
This is the first of its kind in the world.
This will sound an alert 13 minutes after an undersea earthquake in two potential source
regions.
This is set up at the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) in
Hyderabad.
THE REGIONS THAT EXPERIENCE THE EARTH QUAKE MOST
The Circum pacific belt runs through west coast of both North and South America,
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