Physics12lB-Rosenberg

Autumn2013
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v 2.o
Exam2
Novemberl,2013
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READ THIS f,NTIRE PAGf, NOW, BEFORE THE I{ALF-HOUR BELL.

Do !gl! openthc eram beforethe half-hour bell.
You will have50 minutesafter thbll to completethe eramination.
No writing after thc fitral bell.

NO CELL PIIONES, TEXT MSG, etc. ALLOWED AT AII-Y TIME

Beforethe exambeginsi
Writeyourname,studentID numberandexamversionon yourbubblesheet,and
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During thc examr

Important first stepiPrintyournameandstudcntID at thetop ofcach page.
raiseyourhandandaskfor aneKplanation.
lfyou areconfusedabouta question,
pad
problem,
you
of
move on to the next part.
lf
carurotdo on9
a
You maynot bringanyinfomationor an
This is a closedbookexamination.
equationsheetto this exam.
graphics
but youmay not usetext storagecapabilities,
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device,
inlemetconnections,
capabilities,
You mayusescratchpaper.Do nottum in scratchpaper,it will not be gladed.
You may not communicatewith anyperson.

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For multiple-choiceproblems(thoseon white paper)r

Fill in bubblesheetscarefullyanddarkly. Makno stiaymarks.Erasecarefully,
Also ciroleyourchoicesdirectlyon theexampaperfor laterreference,

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For hand gradcdproblcms(thoseon colorcdpaper):

e Ifyou needmorespacethanis availableto answeranypafi ofa problcm,usethe
back sidcofthe samepageto completeyouranswer.Clearlyindicateto the
graderthatyouusedthebackside.Do 49! usesctatchpaper.
. Showyour work in enoughdetail sothat the gradercanfollow your reasonitrgand
For
yourmethodofsolution.Circlcyouranswers,
andstateunitsif appropriate.
numericalanswerssignificanthguresshouldmatchthe numberof significant
figuresin thenumericalvaluesgivenin theproblem(usually2 or 3).

Autmtr qrrbr 2013

E (|m 2 F4ultiol!
l2lB (honors)

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NrDe

StudentID

Scorc

l. Blockt rtrd Forcesh.

I . (3 pts)A6 6hownb thefigure,a blockof msssm is supportedby a cordC from theceiliry,

atrdanothq oordofthe saheqpe is attachedto thebotom of theblocL Suppose
you graduatly
incrooscthepulling forceotr cordD. Which,ifady, ofthc followingwill mostlikcly happeo?
_,{.Cord D will brcal cordC will trotbrcak.
I B.Eotd C will brcak cordD wiU oot break.
YCotar C ,"a I *iil bothbrelk at thesamcnme.
D. Nqithcrcordwill breakno matterhardyou pull on thecord.
E. It dcpendson lhc valueof m: for largoo, C will breal for smallo, D will breal.
2. (3 pb) Consideragai! the68oe$ystemofblock andcordsasshownin thefigure,Suppooc
nowyou givc a very suddeo,vcry har4 pull to cordD, Whicb,ifloy, ofthe followilg is Dost
Aely to happen?
( AJCod D wilt bre*, cordC will rct brcak
Y Cod C witl bresk.cordD will ootbreak.
C. CordsC andD will bothbrcakat the sametime.
D. Neithercordwill breskm matterhrld you pull on thecord.
E. It dcpendsotl thc valueofm: for largem, C ryill brk, for Bmallm, D will break.

Phyd$ l2l, Autumtrl3

Ex.n 2, p.gc I

StudertID

Nrme
last

Score

lrst

Blockr rnd Forcer Ib.

3, (3 pts) As shownin the figure,two l0 kg weightsareattachedto a springscale.The systemis
at rest.What'sthe closestvalueto whattho spdtg scalereads?

fiokg.
Vzotg.

I B. l0 ks.
D. -20ke.

E. Someother reading.

4. (3 pts) As shown in the figue, again two l0 kg weights 8te aftachedto the spring scale Now
supposethe scaleis moving to the right atrdthc blocks are moving vertically at someinstanl.
Whit's the closestvalue to the magnitude of the acceleration(in units of& thc gravitafional
system?
Jrpeleratioo)of 6e string-scale-blocks

( a.Ns
\(tg.

c.%c

D , 2 g.
E. Someotheracceleratiotr.
5. (3 pts)As shownh the figur,againtwo l0 kg weigbtsarcattachedto the springscale.Now
supposeyou pull downwardson theleft block with forceofmagtritude10kg x g. What'sthe
system?
closestvalueto themagnitudeofthe acceleBtionof the string-scale-blocks

Aog'
e.

(8. ) c.
-C1u
D, 2s.

E. Sooe other acceleratron.

PhFicsl2l, Aurumn13

EJ(!m 2, pase 2

Name

StudetrtII)

Scorc

II. Work-Etrergy I

5. (3 pts) Considera child putlinga l0 kg sled(massm) alonga horizontalice surfaceat a

thoe'snegligible
speedof2 m/sat anangleOof45o,asshownin thefigure.Suppose
conslant
friction betweetrthesledandthe ice.What'sthe closestvalueofthe work doneby theboy overa
llilqnce of 10m?
t/A. 6 Joulcs.
\Eil4oo. Joules
C, 2000.Joules
D, 2700.Joulcs
E. 9600.Joules
7. (3 pts)Again considera child pulling a l0 kg sledalonga horizontalice surfaceat a cofftaot
thele'sa frictiotr force
speedof2 m/sat anangleOof45', asshownin thehgule.Now suppose
gravitational
(with
g
the
betweentheslodandtheice wirh magnihrde0.2 x l0 kg x g
accelemtior).What'stheclosestvalueof thework doneby theboy overa distatrceof l0 m?
A. 0 Joules.
fi40 Joules.
(9200 Io.rd.es.
D. 275Joules.
E. 1000Joules.
8. (3 pts)Again coosidera child pulling a l0 fu sledalonga horizontalice surfrceat a constart
spcedof2 m/s at anangleOof45", asshownitr the fi8rrre.Agaitrthcre'sa friction forcebetween
the sledatrdthe ice with magnitude0.2 x l0 kg x g (with g thegravitationalacceleration)
by theboy?
What'sthc closestvalueof tle magnitudeof thepowerexpeDdcd
A. 0 Watts.
F{8 Watts.
/C,40 Watts.

Y. s+wuur.

E. 200Watts.

Physicsl2l, Autumn13

Exam2, page3

Nrn

StudntID

Score

9. (3 pts)Again cousidera child pultinga l0 kg sledalonga horizotrtalice surfsceat a constalrt

speedof2 D/s at anangle0 of45', asshowni! the figure.Agaitrthere'sI friction forcbtweetr
tbc sledandthe ice with Erg tude0.2 x l0 kg x a (with g thogravitationalaccelcratioD).
What'stheclosestvalueofthe magnitudeofthe tensiotr(P in thc figure)in therope?
A. O N .
B. 10.N.

Fr80. N.
(Dlo. N .
Y. so.N.

IIL Work-ErergyII
10. (3 pls) A l0 kg blockis thrustup ofa 30' inclinedplanewith initial speed16h,/s. It's
foutrdto havel20 m aloogUe surfaccof theplanbeforecomingto reston theplsnc.What'sthe
closstto thc magnitudeofthe frictionalforce,prcsutnedto beconstant,actingon theblock?
A . I , 2N .
B. 3.0N.
c. 10.5N.
}\J2.2N.
/ E. !5.0N.

t -,/

11. (3 prs)Again consitlerthe l0 kg blocktbrustup theinclitredplane.Wbat'sthcspeedofthe

block whetrit rtumsto the bottomof tbeinclinedolane?
A. 1,2no/s.
)-6.2
( C>t2.0'8,ls.
lmls.

Y. ts.znvsE. 21.0
m/s.

12. (3 pts)Again considerthc l0 kg blockthrustup tbe ircliocd plane.Whatwouldfie,

assumedconstaot,msgdtudeofthe frictionalforcebe sotheblockslidesdown6e plaaewith
constantvelocity?
A. IN.
B.5N.
c . l 0 N.

N.

,/9-45
/ /8. $N.
t/

IV. Rocket A smallrocketweighs500kg whenfueledon thc launchiagpad.It's fired

verticallyaodat "bumout" (fuel exhaustiodweighs100kg. Gasses
areexhaustcd
at theratgof I
kglsecwith a velocity 10km/scEbtive to therocket(theerhaustvlocity);bothquantiticsare
assumed
constantduringfircl buming.Therocketremainscloscto dreEarth'szurhcesoyou
don't rcd to considerthe l/r Newtonial gavity potettial.

PhFic-rl2l, Autumn13

Exam2, plgc 4

StudentII)

Nrm
last

Score

ftsl

13. (3 pts)Whatansweris closestto themagnitudeofrocket's thrust?

A. I N .
B. 100N.
c. 1000N.

r),
{oooN.
N.
/ E. 1p,000

L_-/ (3

14, pts)Whatamweris closestto the rnagnitudeof thetotal foroeon therocketjust asit's

lifting ofl
A, IN.
B. 100N.
c_{000 N.

DloooN.
/\-C.
ro,ooo
N.

15. (3 pts)Whatansweris closestto themagnitudeof thetotal forceon therocketjust beforeit

exhaustsits fuel?
A , 1 N.
B, 100N.
c. 1000N.

,.{ooo N.

,/T.

(_/

10,000N.

V. Grlndttone

16, (3 pts) Considerthegrindstorcofunifom mass100kg spinningabouttheaxistho\r! itr tho

figule. It's innei diameteris 2 m, its outerdiameteris 4 ro. Whatvalueis closestto themoment
of inertiaof the grin<lstotre
aboutthis ards?Hint This oanbe doaewith or withoutcalculus.
100
kg
m'.
A.
lr{00 kg m'. / c.)000 ken'.

Ys,oootgd.
E. 10,000
fu m".

Physicsl2l, Autuin 13

Exlm 2, prge5

Nrm

StudentII)

Score

17. (3 pts)Consider
agaiotbegridstotreofuniformmass100kg spinning
abouttheaxisshowr
in the figure.It's innerdiameteris 2 m, its outerdiameteris 4 m. Suppose
it's spinningat 100
rotationspr minute.What'svalucis closestto the linearspeedofa pa.ticleat theouter.im?
A, l. m/s
nrs.
( -B-{0
cr2t.
Y- 42.^t'.
r/sE. 57.m/s.
againthegrindstone
18. (3 pts)Consider
ofunifomrmass100kg spinning
at 100
rotstions/miBute
abouttheaxisshowtrir lte figure.Il's iDtre!diameteris 2 m, ih outerdiameter
is 4 m. Suppose
thegriodstonebreakslooseaodstartsiolling scrossthefloor withoutslip!,ing.
mat's the liDearspedof thc grindstone?
A. l. n/s
B. 10.rn/s.
(}..nt".

':tr'. lz.

f,. 57.r^t".
s.
VI. Lrb Qtrcttlon: IncllDed Plsnc

As shownio thc figure,a cartofmassM= I kg is placedon an inclinedplanewith inclination

pulley
angle0 : 30'. Thecartis attachedto a massless
string.Thc stringloopsovcra massless
andis comcctcdto a weightofmassnr. Ttrcsrt-pulleyitrterfacahasfrictiou,with coeffioionts
of staticandkiaetic ftiction p - g =0.08,
19, (3 pts)What'sa massrangeofmassz (in gnms g) for whichthecartwill not move?
A. 2 0 0g <m<30 0 9

"qb
0\
Physicsl2l,Aulumr t3

Exrm 2, p.g6

Sttdclt lD -S.orc-

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20. (3 pe) Sqposc6Gdmgliryrnssslrt= I tg. Whichcqurtionbcst&6cribe thcdowaward

rccclcotio! of thcmlsstt?
.
-Msbise+ *crr'el-ns

^.o-------i;;t.

"--ac{''"e;t!:oe)+^t

@ "-

- ttc(,i^o:t!!" olr.e

*
-,Vg{sira+
,"'o-_---i-

'6 -A---

pr cord)- n3

-Yg(sin0+14cc0)-,trs
m

It:/rL. l2l, Au@ 13

Ar.D 2, F3. ?

121H Exam 2 Solutions

VII. Skaters. Two skaters, each of mass 50 kg, approach each other along parallel paths separated by
3 m. They have equal speeds 10 m/sec. One skater carries a long light pole, 3 m long, and the other skater
grabs the end as she passes. Assume the ice is frictionless.
1. Describe quantitatively the motion of the skaters after they become connected by the pole? (For
instance, quantitatively, whats the motion of the skaters center-of-mass, and whats their motion
about the center of mass?)
Let system S consist of the two skaters and the pole. Also let m = 50 kg, vi = 10 m/s, and define the
positive x direction to be the direction of travel of the first skater. Before the skaters meet, the total
momentum of the system is
p~tot = m1~v1 + m2~v2
= mvi x
+ m( vi x
)
= 0.
And, since p~tot = Mtot~vcm , we have ~vcm = 0, i.e., the center of mass is stationary.
Because the skaters do not meet head-on, they also have angular momentum about their center of mass.
Note that, even though the two paths are 3 m away from each other, that means that each is only 1.5
m away from the center of mass at its closest approach. So,
~ i = m1~r1 ~v1 + m2~r2 ~v2
L
~ i | = 2mvi r?
|L

= 2(50 kg)(10 m/s)(1.5 m)

= 1500 kg m2 /s

where r? is the component of the position vector (relative to the center of mass) that is perpendicular
to the momentum.
There are no net external forces or torques, and so p~tot = 0 (and the center of mass is stationary) and
~f = L
~ i for the entire problem. The linear momenta just cancel each other, so the conservation of the
L
total linear momentum doesnt tell us anything about motion relative to the center of mass. However,
the angular momentum does. The rod itself is light, and so can be neglected, which means that our
system is eectively two point masses. So,
~ = I~
L
!
~
|L|
!=
2mr2
1500 kg m2 /s
=
2 50 kg(1.5 m)2
= 6.7 rad/s.

2. By pulling on the pole equally, the skaters reduce their spacing to a separation of 1.0 m. Describe
quantitatively their motion now?
The total linear momentum of S is conserved because there are no external forces, and so the center of
mass is still at rest. The total angular momentum of S is also conserved, because there are no external
torques (no torques at all, in fact). So, we have some new angular speed !f , where
L = If !f
L
!f =
2mrf2
1500 kg m2 /s
2 50 kg(0.5 m)2
= 60 rad/s.
=

3. Do you expect the skaters kinetic energy to be conserved? If you expect so, explain the principal that
conserves the skaters kinetic energy. If you dont expect the skaters kinetic energy to be conserved,
explain where the kinetic energy went or came from.
No, the skaters kinetic energy will not be conserved, because positive work is done on the system. The
skaters displacement is in the same direction as the centripetal force (provided by static friction from
the pole), and so work is positive.
To respond to a common objection:
But what about conservation of energy? System S is functionally isolated!
Very true, but that only ensures the conservation of total energy, not kinetic energy. If we think of the
skaters as point particles, then kinetic energy is the only kind there is here... but, point particles cant
pull themselves along poles! In order to do so, the skaters muscles had to convert chemical potential
energy into mechanical (here, kinetic) energy. So, total energy is being conserved after all.
4. Evaluate quantitatively the change, if any, in the skaters kinetic energy before and after they reduce
their separation to 1.0 m.
We can plug the values we found above into the equation for rotational kinetic energy, K = 12 I! 2 .
Ki = 12 Ii !i2
=

1
2

2 mri2 !i2

2
= (50 kg)(1.5 m)2 ( 20
3 rad/s)

= 5000 J = 5 kJ.
Kf = (50 kg)(0.5 m)2 (60 rad/s)2
= 45000 J = 45 kJ.
K = Kf

Ki = 40 kJ.

Alternatively, we can note that

L2
L2
=
2I !
2 2mr2
1
1
= 40 kJ.
rf2
ri2

K = 12 I! 2 =
K=

L2
4m

This is nice, because it separates the constant quantity L2 /4m from the part thats allowed to change.

Name ______________________________________ Student ID _______________

last
first

Score________

VIII. [20 points total] A block of mass m is at rest on a spring of spring constant k. The other end of the spring
is fixed to the Earth.
Time ti

At time ti a bird begins to land gently on the block. It is

observed that the block moves downward. At time tf, the bird
and block are at rest at a new position.
Consider system S consisting of the block, spring and Earth,
but not the bird.
A. [5 pts] Clearly identify all external forces acting on
system S during the interval from ti to tf. (No explanation
required.)

Time tf
v=0

v=0

k
Bird begins to land

Block moved
downward

The only external force acting on system S is the normal force of the bird pushing on the block. Note
that while we can say that the gravitational attraction between the bird and the earth is what
causes the bird to push on the block, because the earth is part of system S, we must be careful to
not identify the gravitational force with the normal force.

B. [7 pts] For each of the forces you identified in part A, state whether the work done by the force is
positive, negative, or zero. Explain.
Wnet, ext =ext forces F ds . The normal force of the bird points in the same direction as the
displacement of its point of application (i.e., the displacement of the block). The dot product is
defined such that the product of parallel vectors is positive. Hence, Wnet, ext = Wbird on S > 0.

C. [8 pts] Does the total energy of system S increase, decrease, or remain the same? If there is not
enough information to answer, state what additional information is needed. Explain.
From the work-energy theorem, Wnet, ext = Etot, we find that Etot must be positive since Wnet, ext is
positive. In other words, the total energy of the system decreases. It is not sufficient to conclude that
this increase in total energy corresponds solely to the increase in spring potential energy (since the
spring is further compressed from ti to tf). Because the earth is also part of system S, there exists
potential energy between the block and the earth, which decreases as the block moves closer to the
earth.

Physics 121B, Autumn 2013

Exam 2

ME-UWA121B134T-E2(WKE,CNE)