IOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM)

e-ISSN: 2278-5728, p-ISSN: 2319-765X. Volume 11, Issue 2 Ver. VI (Mar - Apr. 2015), PP 28-38
www.iosrjournals.org
[

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution

Equations Of Type


= , , . . , , , , ,

1
2
M.F. El-Sabbagh , K.R. Abdo
1

(Mathematics Department/ Faculty of Science, Minia University, Egypt)

2
(Mathematics Department/ Faculty of Science ,fayoum University)

Abstract:In this paper, evolution equations with two or more spatial variables, which may describe
pseudospherical planes in higher dimensions, are considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for equations

of type = , , , , , , ,
to describe a 3-dimensionalpseudospherical plane of 5 are given . Such equations are characterized.
Keywords:Evolution equations, Pseudospherical surfaces, Riemannian manifold, Solitons and differential
equations.

I. Introduction
It has been observed that exactly solvable nonlinear differential equations with two independent
variables are obtained as compatibility conditions for linear systems. Moreover, obtaining a spectral linear
problem associated with a nonlinear equation[14-16] has been useful in order to solve the initial value problem
by the inverse scattering method, [1]. In [2,13] the notion of a differential equation which describe
pseudospherical surfaces (surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature inR5 ) was given . Studies are made
in this direction concerning non linear evolution equations of type
k u
uxt = u, ux , uxx , . . , k in 2,11
x
k u
ut = u, ux , uxx , . . , k
in 1,10
x
And
utt = u, ux , , uxx , ut
in [8].
Then, we [6,7] generalized these studies to evolution equations with three independent variables which are
related to pseudospherical planes (P.S.P) in R5 (3-dim planes of R5 with constant negative sectional curvature )
where equations of types

= , , , . . , , , , , (1)
and

= , , , . . , , , , , (2)
Are studied . Here we provide a similar study for another class of evolution equations with two spatial variables
plus the time variable which have the from
= , , . . ,

, , ,

, (3)

II. Basic notations and Preliminaries

A differential equation -for a real function , , describes a 3-dimensional pseudospherical plane
in 5 (simply P.S.P.) if it is the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of differentiable functions
, 1 6 and1 3, depending on and its derivatives, such that the 1-forms
= 1 + 2 + 3
satisfy the structure equations of a 3-plane of constant sectional curvature 1 in 5 i.e. equations (4).
1 = 4 2 + 5 3
2 = 4 1 + 6 3
3 = 5 1 6 2
(4)
4 = 1 2
5 = 1 3
6 = 2 3
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

28 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

where we have written
4 = 12
5 = 13, and
6 = 23 with
= , , = 1,2,3 ,
= 0
We shall define such 3-dimensional P.S.P to be a two-parameters 3-dimensional P.S.P 31 =41 = and
22 = 42 = , with and constant parameters.
To study equation (3).we first write

0 = ,
1 = , 2 = , , = ,

1 = ,
2 = , . . = and
p =

Thus equation (3) becomes

= 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , ,
(5)
In Particular, we shall consider equation (5) with the following assumptions
, = , = 0
, = , = 0
(6)
0, = for 1 , 1
where the comma denotes partial differentiation with respect to the shown variable. Now consider the
following ideal of forms on the space of variables , , , 0 , 1 , . . , , 1 , 2 , , , :
= +1 ,
0 1
= +1 ,
0 1
= + 1
(7)
= + 1
=
= 0
Note that assumptions (6) mean that has no () terms. Now, if we apply Cartan-Kahler theory, for
equation (5) and using the notation above we can obtain the following result which relates solutions of the
differential equation (3) with integral manifolds of the ideal formed by the forms in (7).
Lemma 2.1
Let = 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , , ,be a differential equation which describe an (, ) 3-dirnensional
P.S.P with the associated 1-forms = 1 + 2 + 3 , = 1,2, . . . ,6 where and are real
differentiable (C) functions defined on an open connected subset + +1 with no explicit dependence on
, and . Then
11 , = 12 , = 21 , = 22, = 51 , = 52, = 61 , = 62 , = 0 1
11 , = 13, = 21 , = 23, = 33 , = 43, =

51, = 53, = 61, = 63 , = 0

33, = 43, = 0
1

33 ,1

12 , = 13 , = 22 , = 23 , = 33 , = 43, =
52, = 53, = 62 , = 63 , = 0
= 43,1 = 0
13 , = 23 , = 33 , = 43, = 53, = 63 , = 0
33, = 43, = 0,
33 ,1 = 43,1 = 0
33, = 43, = 0 ,
13, = 11,1 = 12,
1

23 , = 21 ,1 = 22 , ,

53, = 51,1 = 52,

63 , = 61,1 = 62,
2
11,

2
12
,

2
21,

(8)

2
+ 22
,

2
51
,

2
52
,

2
2
+ 61
, + 62, 0

In U, and
1

+1 11 , +
=1

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

+1 12 , = 22 21 + 51 + 52

(9)

=0

www.iosrjournals.org

29 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

1

11 , 11 ,0 +
1

12 , 12 ,0 +

+1 13, = 23 43 22 + 52 33 53

=0

+1 13 , = 23 43 21 + 51 33 53

(10)

=0

(11)

+1 21 , +

+1 22 , = 11 12 + 61 62

(12)

+1 23 , = 11 43 13 + 61 33 63

(13)

=1

=0

21 , 21 ,0 +

=0
1

22, 22 ,0 +

+1 23, = 12 43 13 + 62 33 63

=1

(14)

11 52 12 51 = 22 61 21 62 (15)

+1 33 ,
=0
2

= 11 53 13 51 + 21 63 23 61

+1 33, = 12 53 13 52 + 22 63 23 62

=1

11 22 12 21
2

= 0

(16)

(17)
(18)

+1 43, = 11 23 13 21

(19)

+1 43, = 12 23 13 22

(20)

=0
2

=1
1

+1 51, +
=1

51, 51 ,0 +

+1 52, = 11 12

(21)

+1 53, = 11 33 13

(22)

=0
1

=0
1

52, 52,0 +

+1 53, = 12 33 13

=1

(23)

+1 61, +

=1

61 , 61 ,0 +

+1 62 , = 21 32 22 31

(24)

=0

+1 63 , = 21 33 23

(25)

+1 63 , = 22 33 23

(26)

=0
1

62, 62 ,0 +
=1

with the assumptions (6).

Proof:
In the space of variables , , , 0 , 1 , , , 1 , , , we consider the ideal generated by
, , k , p , defined by equations (7) with given by equation(53) then
= = k = p = = = 0, when restricted to each integral manifold of .
Hence, for 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , , satisfying (5), we have
= +1 ,
= 0,1, . . , 1
= +1 ,
= 0,1, . . , 1
= 1
= 1
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

30 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

=
0 =
Where from assumptions (6) we have
= ,
= 0
= +1
= 0
= +1
= 0
=
= 0
= 0

(27)

And also we have

, = , = 0
, = , = 0

11 ,

0, = 1 , 1
11, 12 , 21 , 22 , 51, 52, 61 , 62 , 0 1
13 , 21 , 23 , 33 , 43, 51, 53, 61 , 63 , 0

28

12, 13 , 22, 23 , 33 , 43, 52, 53, 62, 63 , 0

At the beginning by using assumptions (6) and (8) we have
The 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) therefore,

11 , +

11 , + 11 , +

=1

=0

13 , +

12 , + 12 ,
=1

13, + 13 ,

=1

=0

12 , +
=0

= 22 21 + 51 52 + 23 43 21 + 51 33 53
+ 23 43 22 + 52 33 53
()
From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using equations
(27)
1

12 , 12 ,0 +

+1 13, = 23 43 22 + 52 33 53

=0
1

11 , 11 ,0 +

=0
1

+1 13 , = 23 43 21 + 51 33 53

+1 11, +
=1

+1 12 , = 22 21 + 51 + 52
=0

In similar way by using assumptions (6) and (8) we have the 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) then

21, +
=0

21 , + 21 , +
=1

22 ,
=0

22 , + 22 , +
=1

23, +
=0

23, + 23 ,
=1

= 12 + 11 + 61 62 + 13 + 43 11 + 61 33 63
+ 13 + 43 12 + 62 33 63
()
From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using
equations (27)
1

22 , 22 ,0 +

+1 23 , = 12 43 13 + 62 33 63
=1

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

31 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

1

21 , 21,0 +
1

+1 23,
=0
1

+1 21 , +

+1 22 , = 11 12 + 61 62

=1

= 11 43 13 + 61 33 63

=0

In similar way by using assumptions(6) and(8) we have the 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) then

31, +

31, + 31 , +

32 ,

=1

=0

=0

32 , + 32 , +
=1

33, +

33, + 33 ,

=1

=0

= 51 12 + 52 11 61 22 + 62 21 + 52 13 + 53 12 62 23 + 22 63
+ 51 13 + 53 11 61 23 63 21
()
From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using
equations (27)
2

+1 33 , = 12 53 13 52 + 22 63 23 62

=1

31 , = 31, = 32 , = 32 , = 0where31 = , 32 =
2

+1 33 , = 11 53 13 51 + 21 63 23 61
=0

31 , = 31, = 32 , = 32 , = 0where31 = , 32 =

11 52 12 51 = 22 61 21 62
31 , = 31, = 32 , = 32 , = 0where31 = , 32 =

Similarly by using assumptions(6) and(8) we have the 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) then

41, +
=0

41, + 41, +
=1

42,
=0

42, + 42, +
=1

43, +

43, + 43,
=1

=0

= 11 22 12 21 + 12 23 13 22 + 11 23 13 21
()
From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using equations
(27)
41, = 41, = 42, = 42, = 0where41 = , 42 = we have

+1 43, = 12 23 13 22
=1

41, = 41, = 42, = 42, = 0where41 = , 42 = then we have

+1 43, = 11 23 13 21
=0

41, = 41, = 42, = 42, = 0where41 = , 42 = then we have

11 22 12 21 = 0
Similarly by using assumptions (6) and (8) we have the 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) then

51 , +
=1

=0

51 , + 51, +

52,
=0

52, + 52, +
=1

53, +
=0

53, + 53,
=1

= 11 32 12 31 + 12 33 13 32 + 11 33 13 31
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

()
32 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using equations
(27)
1

52, 52,0 +

+1 53, = 12 33 13

=1
1

51, 51 ,0 +
1

+1 53, = 11 33 13
=0
1

+1 51, +

+1 52, = 11 12

=1

=0

Finally by using assumptions (6) and (8) we have the 1-forms satisfy the structure equations (4) then

61, +

61, + 61 , +
=1

=0

62 ,
=0

62 , + 62 , +
=1

63 , +

63 , + 63,
=1

=0

= 21 32 22 31 + 22 33 23 32 + 21 33 23 31

()

From the above equation we can obtain the following equations by simple calculations and by using equations
(27)
1

62, 62 ,0 +

+1 63, = 22 33 23
=1

61 , 61 ,0 +
1

+1 63 , = 21 33 23

=0
1

+1 61, +
=1

+1 62 , = 21 32 22 31
=0

To justify the last equation of (8) we observe that if 11, , 12, , 21, , 22 , , 51 , , 52, , 61 , , and62 , vanish
simulataneously, it follows that equation (5) can not be the necessary and sufficient condition for the forms to
satisfy the structure equations of a 3-dim. p.s.p. Therefore, this condition is added, and that completes the proof
of the lemma.

III. Characterization of this type of equations:

Now, by the lemma (2.1), necessary conditions for an equation of the type
= 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , ,
To describe a 3-dim.P.S.P, is that the functions satisfy (8) to (26). Therefore we shall assume these conditions
in order to characterize all such equations. We consider quantities 1 0, 2 0, 1 0 and2 0 where
1, = 11 51, 51 11 ,
,
2, = 21 61, 61 21 ,
1, = 51, 11 11 , 51
,
1, = 51 , 11 , 11 , 51,
(29)
2, = 61, 21 21 , 61
,
2, = 61, 21 , 21 , 61 ,
2
2
2
2
1 = 51
11
,
2 = 61
21
Also, we consider the following
1, = 12 52, 52 12 ,
,
2, = 22 62, 62 22 ,
1, = 52 , 12 12 , 52
,
1, = 52 , 12 , 12 , 52,
(30)
2, = 62 , 22 22 , 62
,
2, = 62, 22 , 22 , 62 ,
2
2
1 = 52
12
Now we state the following theorem

2
2
2 = 62
22

Theorem 3.1
Let , 1 6 , 1 3,be differentiable functions of , 0 , 1 , , 1 , such that quations (8)
hold and 31 = 41 = , 32 = 42 = are parameters. Suppose 1, , 1, , 2, and2, as given before are non
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

33 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

zero.Then theequation = 0 , 1 , . , , 1 , , , describes a two-parameters 3-dimensional P.S.P
with associated 1-forms = 1 + 2 + 3 If and only if the function is given by
=

1
(1, )2

+1 1,

33 ,
=0
2

1,

33 , +1 1,+1 + 1, 1,1 + 1,0 1,

=0

33, +1 1, 1,1 +

33, +1 1,

=0

1
+ 1,
2

=0

33 , +1 + 1 (1,1
=0

33 1, )
+

+1 2,

(2, )2

33 ,
=0

2,

33 ,
=0
2

33, +1 2, 2,1 +
=0

+1 2,+1 + 2, 2,1 + 2,0 2,

33 , +1 2,
=0

1
+ 2,
2

33 , +1 + 2 (2,1
=0

33 2, )
+

1
(1, )2

1,

+1

=1

1,

33 , +1 1,

33 ,

=1
2

33 , +1 1, 1,1 +

=1

+ 1, 1,

+1

33 , +1 1,

=1

1
+ 1,
2

+ 1,0 1,

33 , +1 + 1 (1,1
=1

33 1, )

1
(2, )2

+1

2,

=1

2,
=1

33 , +1 2,

33 ,

33 , +1 2, 21

=1
2

+
=1

+1

33 , +1 2,

+ 2, 2,

1
+ 2,
2

+ 2,0 2,

33, +1 + 2 (2,1
=1

33 2, ) + 51 , 43 21 23 + 61, 13 11 43 + 52, 43 22 23

Where
Moreover
13 =
53 =
23 =
63 =

+ 62 , 13 12 43 (31)
11
,
1 1

1, 11 ,
1

1, 51,
1

2, 21,
1

2, 61,

33, +1 + 11 1,1 + 2,1 23 11 , 61 , 61 11 , 63 (21 , 11 , 11 21 , ) 32

=0
2

33 , +1 + 51 1,1 + 2,1 23 51 , 61 , 61 51, 63 (21 , 51 , 51 21 , ) 33

=0
2

33, +1 + 21 1,1 + 2,1 13 21 , 51, 51 21 , 53 (11 , 21 , 21 11 , ) 34

=0
2

33, +1 + 61 1,1 + 2,1 13 61 , 51, 51 61 , 53 (11 , 61 , 61 11 , ) 35

=0

It is noted that by similar construction, one may obtain

1
13 = 12 ,
1,

33 , +1 + 12 1,1 + 2,1 23 12 , 62, 62 12 , 63 (22 , 12 , 12 22, ) 36

=1

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

34 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

1
53 = 52,
1,
23 =

63 =

1
2,
1
2,

33, +1 + 52 1,1 + 2,1 23 52 , 62 , 62 52, 63 (22 , 52, 52 22, ) 37

=1
2

33, +1 + 22 1,1 + 2,1 13 22 , 52 , 52 22 , 53 (12 22 , 22 , 12, ) 38

22 ,

=1
2

33, +1 + 62 1,1 + 2,1 13 62 , 52 , 52 62 , 53 (12 , 62 , 62 12, ) 39

62 ,

=1

Proof
Suppose the equation = describes a 3-dim. P.S.P. Then it follows from the lemma that equations (9)
(26) are satisfied. Now, consider eqns. (16), (17) and their derivatives with respect to , it follows from (8) that
2

11 53 13 51 + 21 63 23 61 =

33 , +1

(40)

=0

11 , 53 + 51, 13 21, 63 + 61 , 23 = 1,1 + 2,1

12 23 13 52 + 22 63 23 62 =

33 , +1

(41)

12 , 53 + 52 , 13 22 , 63 + 62 , 23 = 1,1 + 2,1
Using notations (29), (30) and from (40) one gets 53 , 53 , 53 and 53 as given by(32) (35).
Also, by the same way, (41) gives, the formulas (36) (39) for these functions.
Thus we have the following result:
Now, consider the derivative with respect to +1 of eqns (10), (13), (22), and (25) as well as the derivative with
respect to +1 of eqns (11), (14), (23), and (26) . Then it follows from (8) that
+1 11 , + 13 , = 0
+1 12 , + 23, = 0
+1 51, + 53, = 0
+1 61 , + 63 , = 0

(42)

And

+1

12, + 13 , = 0

22,
+1

+ 23 , = 0

+1

52, + 53 , = 0

+1

62, + 63 , = 0

(43)

Therefore (42), and (43) give +1 +1 = 0and

+1 +1

= 0 . Thusis of the form :

= +1 + +1 +
(44)
, is independent of +1 , while is independent of both +1 , and +1 . From

Where is independent of +1
eqns (42), (43), and (44) we get
52, 11 , 13 , 51, = 0 , 63 , 21 , 23 , 61 , = 0
53 , 12 , 13 , 52, = 0 , 63 , 22 , 23 , 62, = 0

(45)
(46)

53, 11 13 , 51 +1 1, = 0
63, 21 23 , 61 +1 2, = 0
53, 12 13, 52 1, = 0

+1

63 , 22 23 , 62 2, = 0

Where
11
,
1 1
Now from equations (44), (47) and (48) one gets:
1
1
=

13, 51 +

23 , 61
1, 53, 11
2, 63 , 21
1
1
=
53, 12 13, 52 +

23 , 62

1,
2, 63, 22
DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

(47)
(48)

+1

(49)
(50)
35 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

Hence, by (32) (35) and (36) (39) we get
=

(1, )2

+
=

(2, )2 2,

33,
=0
2

(1, )2

1,

33 , +1 1,+1 + 1, 1,1
=0
2

33,

1,

=0

33 , +1 1,

33 ,

=1

(2,

)2 2,

=1

33, +1 2,+1 + 2, 2,1

+1

+ 1, 1,

33, +1 2,

33 ,
=1

(51)

=0
2

=1

+1

+ 2, 2,

(52)

Now, it follows from (44) (50) that equations (10) and (22) are equivalent to thefollowing
1

1, + 1,0

+1 53, 11 13 , 51 33 1 + 53 51 13 11 33 1 + 51 43 21 23
=0

= 0(53)
1

1,0
=0

1
+1 53, 11, 13 , 51, + 53 51, 13 11, 33 1, + 51, 43 21 23
2
= 0(54)

Also equations (13) and (25) are equivalent to:

1

2, + 2,0

+1 63, 21 23 , 61 33 2 + 63 61 23 21 33 2 + 61 13 11 43
=0

= 0(55)
1

2,0
=0

1
+1 63 , 21, 23, 61, + 63 61 , 23 21 , 33 2, + 61 , 13 11 43
2
= 0(56)

Similarly, eqns (11) and (23) are equivalent to the following :

1

1, + 1,0

+1 53, 12 13 , 52 33 1 + 52 53 13 12 33 1 + 52 43 22 23

=1

= 0 (57)
1

1,0
=1

+1 53, 12, 13 , 52, + 52, 53 13 12 , 33 1,

+ 52, 43 22 23

2
= 0(58)

Also, equations (14) and (26) are equivalent to:

1

2,

+ 2,0

+1 63, 22 23 , 62 33 2 + 63 62 22 23 33 2 + 62 13 12 43

=1

= 0(59)
1

2,0

=1

+1 63 , 22, 23, 62 , + 63 62 , 23 22 , 33 2,
+ 62, 13 12 43

2
= 0(60)

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

36 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

Therefore, using (32) (35) and (36) (39) in ((55) (60), we get :
=

(1, )2

1
+ 1,
2
+

1
(2, )2

1
+ 2,
2
+

1
(1, )2

1
+ 1,
2

1
(2, )2

1
+ 2,
2

1,0 1, 1,

33 , +1 1, 1,1 +
=0

33 , +1 1,
=0

33 , +1 + 1 (1,1 33 1, )
=0
2

2,0 2, 2,

33 , +1 2, 2,1 +
=0

33 , +1 2,
=0

33 , +1 + 2 (2,1 33 2, )
=0
2

1,0 1, 1,

33 , +1 1, 1,1 +
=1

33 , +1 1,
=1

33 , +1 + 1 (1,1 33 1, )
=1

2,0 2, 2,

33 , +1 2, 21 +
=1

33 , +1 2,
=1

33 , +1 + 2 (2,1 33 2, ) + 51, 43 21 23
=1

+ 61 , 13 11 43 + 52, 43 22 23
+ 62 , 13 12 43

(61)

Thus, form (44),(51),(52), and (61) we obtain as given by (31) in the theorem. Conversely, given functions
11 , 51 , 21 , 61 , 12 , 52 , 22 and 62 of , 0 , 1 , , 1 , and the functions 13 , 53 , 23 , 63 and as
given by (32) (35), or(36) (39) and (31), then straightforward computations show that the equation =
describes two-parameters 3-dimensional p.s.p with associated 1-forms = 1 + 2 + 3 , 1
6 which satisfy equations (4). This completes the proof of the theorem.
As a matter of fact, this model of evolution equations with more than two spatial variables, which we are
considering here, fits many equations of physical interest namely the higher dimension sine-Gordon equations,
3,12

IV. Conclusion
In this paper, we extended the notion of P.S.P to higher dimensions i.e. 3-dim plane of constant
sectional curvature-1 imbedded in R5 and we studied the change in the results and properties.

Acknowledgements
All gratitude is to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Mostafa El- Sabbagh, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of
Sciences, University of Minia, Egypt for his valuable guidance and encouragement .

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

37 | Page

Pseudospherical 3- Planes In and Evolution Equations Of Type

References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]

Tenenblat K.," Backlund s theorems for submanifolds of space forms and a generalized wave equations", Bol. Soc. Bras. Mat. vol.
16 No. 2 (1985) 67-92.
Tenenblat. K, and D. Catalano Ferraioli" Fourth order evolution equations which describe pseudospherical surfaces " J. Differential
equations. vol 275 (9), 3165- 3199 (2014).
Tenenblat K. and S.Chern, J.Results in Math. vol 60. (2011) 53- 101.
Beals R., Rahelo. M and K. Tenenblat, "Backlund transformations and inverse scattering solutions for some pseudospherical surfaces
equations ",Stud. Appl. Mat. 81 (1989) 125-151.
Chern. S and Tenenblat. K," pseudospherical surfaces and soliton equations" Stud. Appl. Mat. 74 (1986) 55-83.
El-Sabbagh. M, "Sl(n,R) structure and a possible model for higher dimensions solitons" J. Mat. Phys. Sci. vol. 18, No.4
(1984).127-138.
El-Sabbagh. M andKhater. A., "The Painleve property and coordinate transformations " II NouvoCimento, B,104. No.2 (1989)123 129.
El-Sabbagh. M andZait. R., "Nonlocal conserved currents for the super symmetric U(N) Sigma Model", PhysicaScripta,
vol.47(1992) 9-12.
El-Sabbagh. M and K.R.Abdo, " Pseudospherical surfaces and evolution equations in higher dimensions " IJSET. Mat. Vol.(4) Issue
No.3, 165-171 (2015)
El-Sabbagh. M and K.R.Abdo, " Pseudospherical planes And evolution equations in higher dimensions II " IOSR-JM. Mat. Vol.(11)
Issue No.2, Ver. I (2015), PP 102-111.
Jorge L.P. and Tenenblat K., " Linear problems associated with evolution equations of type u_tt=F(u,u_xx ,u_t)", Stud. Appl. Mat.
77 (1987) 103-117.
Nakamura A., "solitons in higher dimensions", Progr. Theor. phys. suppl. No.94 (1988) 195-209.
Rabelo M.L, "On equations which describe Pseudospherical surfaces" Stud. Appl. Mat. 81(1989) 221-248.
Rabelo M.L and Tenenblat K.," On equations of the type u_xt=F(u,u_x)which describe Pseudospherical surfaces", J. Mat, phys.
31(6) (1990)1400-1407.
Sasaki. R, " soliton equations and pseudospherical surfaces" Nucl. phys. B. 154 (1979) 343-357.
Tenenblat K. and Treng .C., " Backlund,s theorems for n-dimensional submanifolds of R^(2n-1)", Ann. of Mat. vol. 111 (1980) 477490.

DOI: 10.9790/5728-11262838

www.iosrjournals.org

38 | Page