History of Intel

5/1/2015
IntelWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Coordinates:372316.54N1215748.74W
Intel
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
IntelCorporationisanAmericanmultinationalcorporationheadquarteredinSantaClara,California.Intelisoneof
theworld'slargestandhighestvaluedsemiconductorchipmakers,basedonrevenue.[4]Itistheinventorofthex86
seriesofmicroprocessors,theprocessorsfoundinmostpersonalcomputers.
IntelCorporation,foundedonJuly18,1968,isaportmanteauofIntegratedElectronics(thefactthat"intel"isthe
termforintelligenceinformationalsomadethenameappropriate).[5]Intelalsomakesmotherboardchipsets,network
interfacecontrollersandintegratedcircuits,flashmemory,graphicchips,embeddedprocessorsandotherdevices
relatedtocommunicationsandcomputing.FoundedbysemiconductorpioneersRobertNoyceandGordonMooreand
widelyassociatedwiththeexecutiveleadershipandvisionofAndrewGrove,Intelcombinesadvancedchipdesign
capabilitywithaleadingedgemanufacturingcapability.ThoughIntelwasoriginallyknownprimarilytoengineers
andtechnologists,its"IntelInside"advertisingcampaignofthe1990smadeitahouseholdname,alongwithits
Pentiumprocessors.
IntelCorporation
Thecurrentlogo,usedsinceDecember2005.
IntelwasanearlydeveloperofSRAMandDRAMmemorychips,andthisrepresentedthemajorityofitsbusiness
until1981.AlthoughIntelcreatedtheworld'sfirstcommercialmicroprocessorchipin1971,itwasnotuntilthe
successofthepersonalcomputer(PC)thatthisbecameitsprimarybusiness.Duringthe1990s,Intelinvestedheavily
innewmicroprocessordesignsfosteringtherapidgrowthofthecomputerindustry.DuringthisperiodIntelbecame
thedominantsupplierofmicroprocessorsforPCs,andwasknownforaggressiveandsometimesillegaltacticsin
defenseofitsmarketposition,particularlyagainstAdvancedMicroDevices(AMD),aswellasastrugglewith
MicrosoftforcontroloverthedirectionofthePCindustry.[6][7]
The2013rankingsoftheworld's100mostvaluablebrandspublishedbyMillwardBrownOptimorshowedthe
company'sbrandvalueatnumber61.[8]
Intelhasalsobegunresearchintoelectricaltransmissionandgeneration.[9][10]Intelhasrecentlyintroduceda3D
transistorthatimprovesperformanceandenergyefficiency.[11]Intelhasbegunmassproducingthis3Dtransistor,
namedtheTriGatetransistor,withtheir22nmprocess,whichiscurrentlyusedintheir3rdgenerationcore
processorsinitiallyreleasedonApril29,2012.[12]In2011,SpectraWattInc.,asolarcellspinoffofIntel,filedfor
bankruptcyunderChapter11.[13]InJune2013,IntelunveileditsfourthgenerationofIntelCoreprocessors(Haswell)
inaneventnamedComputexinTaipei.[14]
TheOpenSourceTechnologyCenteratIntelhostsPowerTOPandLatencyTOP,andsupportsotheropensource
projectssuchasWayland,IntelArrayBuildingBlocks,ThreadingBuildingBlocks(TBB),andXen.[15][16]
HeadquartersinSantaClara,California
Type
Public
Tradedas
NASDAQ:INTC
(http://www.nasdaq.com/symbol/intc)
DowJonesIndustrialAverage
Component
NASDAQ100Component
S&P500Component
Industry
Semiconductors
Founded
July18,1968
Founder
GordonMoore,RobertNoyce
Headquarters SantaClara,California, U.S. [1]

Areaserved
Worldwide
Keypeople
AndyBryant
(Chairman)
BrianKrzanich
(CEO)
ReneJames
(President)
Products
Bluetoothchipsets,flashmemory,
microprocessors,motherboard
chipsets,networkinterfacecards,
mobilephones,solidstatedrives,
processors
Revenue
US$55.870billion(2014)[2]
Operating
income
US$15.201billion(2014)[2]
Netincome
US$11.704billion(2014)[2]
Totalassets
US$91.956billion(2014)[2]
Totalequity
US$55.865billion(2014)[2]
Contents
1Corporatehistory
1.1Origins
1.2Earlyhistory
1.3Slowingdemandandchallengestodominance
1.4Regainingofmomentum
1.5SaleofXScaleprocessorbusiness
1.6Acquisitions
2Acquisitiontable
2.1Expansions
2.2Openingupthefoundries
3Productandmarkethistory
3.1SRAMSandthemicroprocessor
3.2FromDRAMtomicroprocessors
3.3Intel,x86processors,andtheIBMPC
3.3.1386microprocessor
3.3.2486,Pentium,andItanium
3.3.3Pentiumflaw
3.3.4"IntelInside"andother1990sprograms
3.4Solidstatedrives(SSD)
3.5Supercomputers
3.6Competition,antitrustandespionage
3.7PartnershipwithApple
3.8Core2Duoadvertisementcontroversy
3.9ClassmatePC
3.10Mobileprocessor
3.11Serverchips
3.1222nmprocessors
3.13PersonalOfficeEnergyMonitor(POEM)
3.14ITManager3:UnseenForces
3.15CarSecuritySystem
3.16HighBandwidthDigitalContentProtection
3.17MovefromWinteldesktoptoopenmobileplatforms
3.18Wearablefashion
4Corporateaffairs
4.1Leadershipandcorporatestructure
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel
Numberof
employees
106,700(2014)[3]
Slogan
LookInside.
Website
www.intel.com
(http://www.intel.com)
1/19
5/1/2015
4.2Employment
4.2.1Diversity
4.3Economicimpact
4.4Schoolfunding
4.5Ultrabookfund
4.6Finances
4.7Advertisingandbrandmanagement
4.7.1IntelInside
4.7.2Soniclogo
4.7.3Namingstrategy
4.8Opensourcesupport
4.9Corporateresponsibilityrecord
4.10Religiouscontroversy
4.11Agediscrimination
4.12Landdispute
5Competition
5.1Lawsuits
5.2Anticompetitiveallegations
5.2.1Japan
5.2.2EuropeanUnion
5.2.3SouthKorea
5.2.4UnitedStates
6Marketshare
7Seealso
8References
9Externallinks
Corporatehistory
Origins
IntelwasfoundedinMountainView,Californiain1968byGordonE.Moore(of"Moore'sLaw"fame),achemist,andRobertNoyce,a
physicistandcoinventoroftheintegratedcircuit.ArthurRock(investorandventurecapitalist)helpedthemfindinvestors,whileMax
Palevskywasontheboardfromanearlystage.[17]MooreandNoycehadleftFairchildSemiconductortofoundIntel.Rockwasnotan
employee,buthewasaninvestorandwaschairmanoftheboard.[18][19]ThetotalinitialinvestmentinIntelwas$2.5millionconvertible
debenturesand$10,000fromRock.Just2yearslater,Intelcompletedtheirinitialpublicoffering(IPO),raising$6.8million($23.50per
share).[18]Intel'sthirdemployeewasAndyGrove,[20]achemicalengineer,wholaterranthecompanythroughmuchofthe1980sandthe
highgrowth1990s.
Indecidingonaname,MooreandNoycequicklyrejected"MooreNoyce",[21]homophonefor"morenoise"anillsuitednameforan
electronicscompany,sincenoiseinelectronicsisusuallyveryundesirableandtypicallyassociatedwithbadinterference.Insteadtheyused
thenameNMElectronicsbeforerenamingtheircompanyIntegratedElectronicsor"Intel"forshort.[22]Since"Intel"wasalready
trademarkedbythehotelchainIntelco,theyhadtobuytherightsforthename.[18][23]
Earlyhistory
Atitsfounding,Intelwasdistinguishedbyitsabilitytomakesemiconductors.Itsfirstproduct,in1969,wasthe3101Schottky
TTLbipolar64bitstaticrandomaccessmemory(SRAM),whichwasnearlytwiceasfastasearlierSchottkydiode
implementationsbyFairchildandtheElectrotechnicalLaboratoryinTsukuba,Japan.[24][25]InthesameyearIntelalsoproduced
the3301Schottkybipolar1024bitreadonlymemory(ROM)[26]andthefirstcommercialmetaloxidesemiconductorfieldeffect
transistor(MOSFET)silicongateSRAMchip,the256bit1101.[18][27][28]Intel'sbusinessgrewduringthe1970sasitexpandedand
improveditsmanufacturingprocessesandproducedawiderrangeofproducts,stilldominatedbyvariousmemorydevices.
WhileIntelcreatedthefirstcommerciallyavailablemicroprocessor(Intel4004)in1971[18]andoneofthefirstmicrocomputersin
AndyGrove,RobertNoyce
andGordonMoore(1978)
TheoldIntellogousedfromJuly18,
1968,untilDecember2005
1972,[27][29]bytheearly1980sitsbusinesswasdominatedbydynamicrandomaccessmemorychips.However,increased
competitionfromJapanesesemiconductormanufacturershad,by1983,dramaticallyreducedtheprofitabilityofthismarket.The
growingsuccessoftheIBMpersonalcomputer,basedonanIntelmicroprocessor,wasamongfactorsthatconvincedGordonMoore
(CEOsince1975)toshiftthecompany'sfocustomicroprocessors,andtochangefundamentalaspectsofthatbusinessmodel.Moore's
decisiontosolesourceIntel's386chipplayedintothecompany'scontinuingsuccess.
Bytheendofthe1980s,buoyedbyitsfortuitouspositionasmicroprocessorsuppliertoIBMandIBM'scompetitorswithintherapidly
growingpersonalcomputermarket,Intelembarkedona10yearperiodofunprecedentedgrowthastheprimary(andmostprofitable)
hardwaresuppliertothePCindustry,partofthewinning'Wintel'combination.MoorehandedovertoAndyGrovein1987.By
launchingitsIntelInsidemarketingcampaignin1991,Intelwasabletoassociatebrandloyaltywithconsumerselection,sothatbythe
endofthe1990s,itslineofPentiumprocessorshadbecomeahouseholdname.
Slowingdemandandchallengestodominance
After2000,growthindemandforhighendmicroprocessorsslowed.Competitors,notablyAMD(Intel'slargestcompetitorinits
primaryx86architecturemarket),garneredsignificantmarketshare,initiallyinlowendandmidrangeprocessorsbutultimately
acrosstheproductrange,andIntel'sdominantpositioninitscoremarketwasgreatlyreduced.[30]Intheearly2000sthenCEOCraig
Barrettattemptedtodiversifythecompany'sbusinessbeyondsemiconductors,butfewoftheseactivitieswereultimatelysuccessful.
FedericoFaggin,thedesignerof
Intel4004.
2/19
5/1/2015
Intelhadalsoforanumberofyearsbeenembroiledinlitigation.USlawdidnotinitiallyrecognizeintellectualpropertyrightsrelatedtomicroprocessortopology(circuit
layouts),untiltheSemiconductorChipProtectionActof1984,alawsoughtbyIntelandtheSemiconductorIndustryAssociation(SIA).[31]Duringthelate1980sand
1990s(afterthislawwaspassed),Intelalsosuedcompaniesthattriedtodevelopcompetitorchipstothe80386CPU.[32]Thelawsuitswerenotedtosignificantlyburden
thecompetitionwithlegalbills,evenifIntellostthesuits.[32]Antitrustallegationshadbeensimmeringsincetheearly1990sandhadbeenthecauseofonelawsuitagainst
Intelin1991.In2004and2005,AMDbroughtfurtherclaimsagainstIntelrelatedtounfaircompetition.
In2005,CEOPaulOtellinireorganizedthecompanytorefocusitscoreprocessorandchipsetbusinessonplatforms(enterprise,digitalhome,digitalhealth,andmobility).
In2013,IntelpartneredwithMedopad,anenterprisemobilehealthsolutionprovidertosupportthedeploymentofMedopadacrossthe60+BMIHealthcarehospitals.[33]
Regainingofmomentum
In2007,IntelunveileditsCoremicroarchitecturetowidespreadcriticalacclaim[34]theproductrangewasperceivedasanexceptionalleapinprocessorperformancethat
atastrokeregainedmuchofitsleadershipofthefield.[35][36]In2008,Intelhadanother"tick,"whenitintroducedthePenrynmicroarchitecture,whichwas45nm.Later
thatyear,IntelreleasedaprocessorwiththeNehalemarchitecture.Nehalemhadpositivereviews.[37]
SaleofXScaleprocessorbusiness
OnJune27,2006,thesaleofIntel'sXScaleassetswasannounced.IntelagreedtoselltheXScaleprocessorbusinesstoMarvellTechnologyGroupforanestimated
$600millionandtheassumptionofunspecifiedliabilities.ThemovewasintendedtopermitInteltofocusitsresourcesonitscorex86andserverbusinesses,andthe
acquisitioncompletedonNovember9,2006.[38]
Acquisitions
OnAugust19,2010,IntelannouncedthatitplannedtopurchaseMcAfee,amanufacturerofcomputersecuritytechnology.Thepurchasepricewas$7.68billion,andthe
companiessaidthatifthedealwereapproved,newproductswouldbereleasedearlyin2011.[39]OnJanuary26,2011,theEuropeanUnionapprovedtheacquisition,after
IntelagreedtoproviderivalsecurityfirmswithallnecessaryinformationthatwouldallowtheirproductstouseIntel'schipsandpersonalcomputers.[40]Afterthe
acquisition,Intelhadabout90,000employees,includingabout12,000softwareengineers.[41]
OnAugust30,2010,IntelandInfineonTechnologiesannouncedthatIntelwouldacquireInfineon'sWirelessSolutionsbusiness.[42]IntelplannedtouseInfineon's
technologyinlaptops,smartphones,netbooks,tabletsandembeddedcomputersinconsumerproducts,eventuallyintegratingitswirelessmodemintoIntel'ssilicon
chips.[43]
InMarch2011,IntelboughtmostoftheassetsofCairobasedSySDSoft.[44]
InJuly2011,IntelannouncedthatithadagreedtoacquireFulcrumMicrosystemsInc.,acompanyspecializinginnetworkswitches.[45]Thecompanywaspreviously
includedontheEETimeslistof60EmergingStartups.[45]
OnOctober1,2011,IntelreachedadealtoacquireTelmap,anIsraelibasednavigationsoftwarecompany.Thepurchasepricewasnotdisclosed,butIsraelimedia
reportedvaluesaround$300millionto$350million.[46]
InJuly2012,IntelCorporationagreedtobuy10percentsharesofASMLHoldingNVfor$2.1billionandanother$1billonfor5percentsharesthatneedshareholder
approvaltofundrelevantresearchanddevelopmentefforts,aspartofaEUR3.3billion($4.1billion)dealtoacceleratethedevelopmentof450millimeterwafer
technologyandextremeultravioletlithographybyasmuchastwoyears.[47]
InJuly2013,IntelconfirmedtheacquisitionofOmekInteractive,anIsraelicompanythatmakestechnologyforgesturebasedinterfaces,withoutdisclosingthemonetary
valueofthedeal.AnofficialstatementfromIntelread:"TheacquisitionofOmekInteractivewillhelpincreaseIntel'scapabilitiesinthedeliveryofmoreimmersive
perceptualcomputingexperiences."OnereportestimatedthevalueoftheacquisitionbetweenUS$30millionand$50million.[48]
TheacquisitionofaSpanishnaturallanguagerecognitionstartupnamedIndisyswasannouncedonSeptember13,2013.Thetermsofthedealwerenotdisclosedbutan
emailfromanIntelrepresentativestated:"IntelhasacquiredIndisys,aprivatelyheldcompanybasedinSeville,Spain.ThemajorityofIndisysemployeesjoinedIntel.We
signedtheagreementtoacquirethecompanyonMay31andthedealhasbeencompleted."Indysisexplainsthatitsartificialintelligence(AI)technology"isahuman
image,whichconversesfluentlyandwithcommonsenseinmultiplelanguagesandalsoworksindifferentplatforms."[49]
InDecember2014,IntelboughtPasswordBox.[50]
InJanuary2015,Intelpurchaseda30%stakeinVuzix,asmartglassesmanufacturer.Thedealwasworth$24.8million.[51]
InFebruary2015,IntelannounceditsagreementtopurchaseGermannetworkchipmakerLantiq,toaidinitsexpansionofitsrangeofchipsindeviceswithInternet
connectioncapability.[52]
Acquisitiontable
3/19
5/1/2015
Acquisition
date
Number
Company
Business
Country
Price
Usedasorintegratedwith
Ref(s).
June4,2009
WindRiverSystems
EmbeddedSystems
US
$884M
Software
[53]
August19,2010
McAfee
Security
US
$7.6B
Software
[54]
August30,2010
Infineon
Wireless
Germany
$1.4B
MobileCPUs
[55]
March17,2011
SiliconHive
DSP
N/A
MobileCPUs
[56]
September29,2011 Telmap
Software
Israel
N/A
LocationServices
[57]
April13,2013
Mashery
CloudSoftware
US
$180M
Software
[58]
May3,2013
Aepona
SDN
Ireland
N/A
Software
[59]
May6,2013
StonesoftCorporation Security
Finland
$389M
Software
[60]
July16,2013
OmekInteractive
Gesture
Israel
N/A
Software
[48]
10
September13,2013 Indisys
Naturallanguageprocessing
Spain
N/A
Software
[49]
11
March25,2014
BASIS
Wearable
US
N/A
NewDevices
[61]
12
August13,2014
AvagoTechnologies
Semiconductor
US
N/A
CommunicationsProcessors
[62]
13
December1,2014
PasswordBox
Security
Canada
N/A
Software
[63]
14
January5,2015
Vuzix
Wearable
US
$24.8M
NewDevices
[64]
Netherlands
Expansions
In2008,Intelspunoffkeyassetsofasolarstartupbusinessefforttoformanindependentcompany,SpectraWattInc.However,asof2011,SpectraWatthasfiledfor
bankruptcy.[13]
InFebruary2011,IntelannouncedplanstobuildanewmicroprocessormanufacturingfacilityinChandler,Arizona,whichisexpectedtobecompletedin2013,atacost
of$5billion.[65]Itwillaccommodate4,000employees.ThecompanyproducesthreequartersoftheirproductsintheUnitedStates,althoughthreequartersoftheir
revenuecomesfromoverseas.[66]
InApril2011,IntelbeganapilotprojectwithZTECorporationtoproducesmartphonesusingtheIntelAtomprocessorforChina'sdomesticmarket.Thisprojectis
intendedtochallengethedominationofARMprocessorsinmobilephones.[67]
InDecember2011,Intelannouncedthatitreorganizedseveralofitsbusinessunitstoformanewmobileandcommunicationsgroup.[68]Thisgroupwillberesponsiblefor
thecompany'ssmartphone,tabletandwirelessefforts,andwillbeheadedbyHermannEulandMikeBell.
Openingupthefoundries
FindingitselfwithexcessfabcapacityafterthefailureoftheUltrabooktogainmarkettractionandwithPCsalesdeclining,in2013Intelreachedafoundryagreementto
producechipsforAlterausing14nmprocess.GeneralManagerofIntel'scustomfoundrydivisionSunitRikhiindicatedthatIntelwouldpursuefurthersuchdealsinthe
future.[69]ThiswasafterpoorsalesofWindows8hardwarecausedamajorretrenchmentformostofthemajorsemiconductormanufacturers,exceptforQualcomm,
whichcontinuedtoseehealthypurchasesfromitslargestcustomer,Apple.[70]
AsofJuly2013,fivecompanieswereusingIntel'sfabsviatheIntelCustomFoundrydivision:Achronix,Tabula,Netronome,Microsemi,andAlteramostareField
programmablegatearray(FPGA)makers,butNetronomedesignsnetworkprocessors.OnlyAchronixbeganshippingchipsmadebyIntelusingthe22nmTriGate
process.[71][72]Severalothercustomersalsoexistbutwerenotannouncedatthetime.[73]
TheAllianceforAffordableInternet(A4AI)waslaunchedinOctober2013andIntelispartofthecoalitionofpublicandprivateorganisationsthatalsoincludes
Facebook,Google,andMicrosoft.LedbySirTimBernersLee,theA4AIseekstomakeInternetaccessmoreaffordablesothataccessisbroadenedinthedeveloping
world,whereonly31%ofpeopleareonline.GooglewillhelptodecreaseinternetaccesspricessothattheyfallbelowtheUNBroadbandCommission'sworldwidetarget
of5%ofmonthlyincome.[74]
Productandmarkethistory
SRAMSandthemicroprocessor
Intel'sfirstproductswereshiftregistermemoryandrandomaccessmemoryintegratedcircuits,andIntelgrewtobealeaderinthefiercelycompetitiveDRAM,SRAM,
andROMmarketsthroughoutthe1970s.Concurrently,IntelengineersMarcianHoff,FedericoFaggin,StanleyMazorandMasatoshiShimainventedIntel'sfirst
microprocessor.OriginallydevelopedfortheJapanesecompanyBusicomtoreplaceanumberofASICsinacalculatoralreadyproducedbyBusicom,theIntel4004was
introducedtothemassmarketonNovember15,1971,thoughthemicroprocessordidnotbecomethecoreofIntel'sbusinessuntilthemid1980s.(Note:Intelisusually
givencreditwithTexasInstrumentsforthealmostsimultaneousinventionofthemicroprocessor)
FromDRAMtomicroprocessors
In1983,atthedawnofthepersonalcomputerera,Intel'sprofitscameunderincreasedpressurefromJapanesememorychipmanufacturers,andthenpresidentAndy
Grovefocusedthecompanyonmicroprocessors.GrovedescribedthistransitioninthebookOnlytheParanoidSurvive.Akeyelementofhisplanwasthenotion,then
consideredradical,ofbecomingthesinglesourceforsuccessorstothepopular8086microprocessor.
4/19
5/1/2015
Untilthen,themanufactureofcomplexintegratedcircuitswasnotreliableenoughforcustomerstodependonasinglesupplier,butGrovebeganproducingprocessorsin
threegeographicallydistinctfactories,andceasedlicensingthechipdesignstocompetitorssuchasZilogandAMD.WhenthePCindustryboomedinthelate1980sand
1990s,Intelwasoneoftheprimarybeneficiaries.
Intel,x86processors,andtheIBMPC
Despitetheultimateimportanceofthemicroprocessor,the4004anditssuccessorsthe8008andthe8080werenevermajor
revenuecontributorsatIntel.Asthenextprocessor,the8086(anditsvariantthe8088)wascompletedin1978,Intelembarkedon
amajormarketingandsalescampaignforthatchipnicknamed"OperationCrush",andintendedtowinasmanycustomersforthe
processoraspossible.OnedesignwinwasthenewlycreatedIBMPCdivision,thoughtheimportanceofthiswasnotfully
realizedatthetime.
IBMintroduceditspersonalcomputerin1981,anditwasrapidlysuccessful.In1982,Intelcreatedthe80286microprocessor,
which,twoyearslater,wasusedintheIBMPC/AT.Compaq,thefirstIBMPC"clone"manufacturer,producedadesktopsystem
basedonthefaster80286processorin1985andin1986quicklyfollowedwiththefirst80386basedsystem,beatingIBMand
establishingacompetitivemarketforPCcompatiblesystemsandsettingupIntelasakeycomponentsupplier.
In1975,thecompanyhadstartedaprojecttodevelopahighlyadvanced32bitmicroprocessor,finallyreleasedin1981asthe
InteliAPX432.Theprojectwastooambitiousandtheprocessorwasneverabletomeetitsperformanceobjectives,anditfailed
inthemarketplace.Intelextendedthex86architectureto32bitsinstead.[75][76]
386microprocessor
ThediefromanIntel8742,an8bit
microcontrollerthatincludesaCPU
runningat12MHz,128bytesof
RAM,2048bytesofEPROM,andI/O
inthesamechip.
DuringthisperiodAndrewGrovedramaticallyredirectedthecompany,closingmuchofitsDRAMbusinessanddirectingresourcestothemicroprocessorbusiness.Of
perhapsgreaterimportancewashisdecisionto"singlesource"the386microprocessor.Priortothis,microprocessormanufacturingwasinitsinfancy,andmanufacturing
problemsfrequentlyreducedorstoppedproduction,interruptingsuppliestocustomers.Tomitigatethisrisk,thesecustomerstypicallyinsistedthatmultiplemanufacturers
producechipstheycouldusetoensureaconsistentsupply.The8080and8086seriesmicroprocessorswereproducedbyseveralcompanies,notablyAMD.Grovemade
thedecisionnottolicensethe386designtoothermanufacturers,insteadproducingitinthreegeographicallydistinctfactories:SantaClara,CaliforniaHillsboro,Oregon
andChandler,asuburbofPhoenix,Arizona.Heconvincedcustomersthatthiswouldensureconsistentdelivery.AsthesuccessofCompaq'sDeskpro386establishedthe
386asthedominantCPUchoice,Intelachievedapositionofnearexclusivedominanceasitssupplier.Profitsfromthisfundedrapiddevelopmentofbothhigher
performancechipdesignsandhigherperformancemanufacturingcapabilities,propellingInteltoapositionofunquestionedleadershipbytheearly1990s.
486,Pentium,andItanium
Intelintroducedthe486microprocessorin1989,andin1990formallyestablishedaseconddesignteam,designingtheprocessorscodenamed"P5"and"P6"inparallel
andcommittingtoamajornewprocessoreverytwoyears,versusthefourormoreyearssuchdesignshadpreviouslytaken.EngineersVinodDhamandRajeev
Chandrasekhar(MemberofParliament,India)werekeyfiguresonthecoreteamthatinventedthe486chipandlater,Intel'ssignaturePentiumchip.TheP5wasearlier
knownas"OperationBicycle,"referringtothecyclesoftheprocessor.TheP5wasintroducedin1993astheIntelPentium,substitutingaregisteredtrademarknamefor
theformerpartnumber(numbers,suchas486,arehardtoregisterasatrademark).TheP6followedin1995asthePentiumProandimprovedintothePentiumIIin1997.
NewarchitecturesweredevelopedalternatelyinSantaClara,CaliforniaandHillsboro,Oregon.
TheSantaClaradesignteamembarkedin1993onasuccessortothex86architecture,codenamed"P7".Thefirstattemptwasdroppedayearlater,butquicklyrevivedin
acooperativeprogramwithHewlettPackardengineers,thoughIntelsoontookoverprimarydesignresponsibility.TheresultingimplementationoftheIA6464bit
architecturewastheItanium,finallyintroducedinJune2001.TheItanium'sperformancerunninglegacyx86codedidnotmeetexpectations,anditfailedtocompete
effectivelywithx8664,whichwasAMD's64bitextensionstotheoriginalx86architecture(IntelusesthenameIntel64,previouslyEM64T).Asof2012,Intel
continuestodevelopanddeploytheItaniumknownplanningcontinuesinto2014.
TheHillsboroteamdesignedtheWillametteprocessors(initiallycodenamedP68),whichweremarketedasthePentium4.
Pentiumflaw
InJune1994,IntelengineersdiscoveredaflawinthefloatingpointmathsubsectionoftheP5Pentiummicroprocessor.Undercertaindatadependentconditions,thelow
orderbitsoftheresultofafloatingpointdivisionwouldbeincorrect.Theerrorcouldcompoundinsubsequentcalculations.Intelcorrectedtheerrorinafuturechip
revision.
InOctober1994,ThomasNicely,ProfessorofMathematicsatLynchburgCollege,independentlydiscoveredthebug.HecontactedIntel,butreceivednoresponse.On
October30,hepostedamessageontheInternet.[77]Wordofthebugspreadquicklyandreachedtheindustrypress.Thebugwaseasytoreplicateausercouldenter
specificnumbersintothecalculatorontheoperatingsystem.Consequently,manyusersdidnotacceptIntel'sstatementsthattheerrorwasminorand"notevenan
erratum."DuringThanksgiving,in1994,TheNewYorkTimesranapiecebyjournalistJohnMarkoffspotlightingtheerror.Intelchangeditspositionandofferedto
replaceeverychip,quicklyputtinginplacealargeendusersupportorganization.Thisresultedina$500millionchargeagainstIntel's1994revenue.
The"Pentiumflaw"incident,Intel'sresponsetoit,andthesurroundingmediacoveragepropelledIntelfrombeingatechnologysuppliergenerallyunknowntomost
computeruserstoahouseholdname.Dovetailingwithanuptickinthe"IntelInside"campaign,theepisodeisconsideredtohavebeenapositiveeventforIntel,changing
someofitsbusinesspracticestobemoreenduserfocusedandgeneratingsubstantialpublicawareness,whileavoidingalastingnegativeimpression.[78]
"IntelInside"andother1990sprograms
Duringthisperiod,Intelundertooktwomajorsupportingprograms.Thefirstiswidelyknown:the1991"IntelInside"marketingandbrandingcampaign.Theideaof
ingredientbrandingwasnewatthetimewithonlyNutrasweetandafewothersmakingattemptstodoso.[79]ThiscampaignestablishedIntel,whichhadbeena
componentsupplierlittleknownoutsidethePCindustry,asahouseholdname.
Thesecondprogramislittleknown:Intel'sSystemsGroupbegan,intheearly1990s,manufacturingPC"motherboards",themainboardcomponentofapersonal
computer,andtheoneintowhichtheprocessor(CPU)andmemory(RAM)chipsareplugged.[80]Shortlyafter,Intelbeganmanufacturingfullyconfigured"whitebox"
systemsforthedozensofPCclonecompaniesthatrapidlysprangup.Atitspeakinthemid1990s,Intelmanufacturedover15%ofallPCs,makingitthethirdlargest
supplieratthetime.
5/19
5/1/2015
Duringthe1990s,Intel'sArchitectureLab(IAL)wasresponsibleformanyofthehardwareinnovationsofthepersonalcomputer,includingthePCIBus,thePCIExpress
(PCIe)bus,theUniversalSerialBus(USB).IAL'ssoftwareeffortsmetwithamoremixedfateitsvideoandgraphicssoftwarewasimportantinthedevelopmentof
softwaredigitalvideo,butlateritseffortswerelargelyovershadowedbycompetitionfromMicrosoft.ThecompetitionbetweenIntelandMicrosoftwasrevealedin
testimonybyIALVicePresidentStevenMcGeadyattheMicrosoftantitrusttrial.
Solidstatedrives(SSD)
OnSeptember8,2008,Intelbeganshippingitsfirstmainstreamsolidstatedrives,theX18MandX25Mwith80GB
and160GBstoragecapacities.[81]ReviewsmeasuredhighperformancewiththeseMLCbaseddrives.[82][83][84][85]
IntelreleasedtheirSLCbasedEnterpriseX25EExtremeSSDsonOctober15thatsameyearincapacitiesof32GB
and64GB.[86]
InJuly2009,IntelrefreshedtheirX25MandX18Mlinesbymovingfroma50nanometertoa34nanometer
process.Thesenewdrives,dubbedbythepressastheX25MandX18MG2[87][88](orgeneration2),reducedprices
byupto60percentwhileofferinglowerlatencyandimprovedperformance.[89]
OnFebruary1,2010,IntelandMicronannouncedthattheyweregearingupforproductionofNANDflashmemory
usinganew25nanometerprocess.[90]InMarchofthatsameyear,IntelenteredthebudgetSSDsegmentwiththeir
X25Vdriveswithaninitialcapacityof40GB.[91]TheSSD310,Intel'sfirstmSATAdrivewasreleasedonDecember
2010,providingX25MG2performanceinamuchsmallerpackage.[92][93]
AnIntelX25MSSD
March2011sawtheintroductionoftwonewSSDlinesfromIntel.Thefirst,theSSD510,usedaSATA6Gigabitpersecondinterfacetoreachspeedsofupto500
MegaBytespersecond.[94]Thedrive,whichusesacontrollerfromMarvellTechnologyGroup,[95]wasreleasedusing34nmNANDFlashandcameincapacitiesof
120GBand250GB.Thesecondproductannouncement,theSSD320,isthesuccessortoIntel'searlierX25M.Itusesthenew25nmprocessthatIntelandMicron
announcedin2010,andwasreleasedincapacitiesof40GB,80GB,120GB,160GB,300GBand600GB.[96]Sequentialreadperformancemaxesoutat270MB/sdue
totheolderSATA3Gbit/sinterface,andsequentialwriteperformancevariesgreatlybasedonthesizeofthedrivewithsequentialwriteperformanceofthe40GBmodel
peakingat45MB/sandthe600GBat220MB/s.[97]
MicronandIntelannouncedthattheywereproducingtheirfirst20nmMLCNANDflashonApril14,2011.[98]
InFebruary2012,IntellaunchedtheSSD520seriessolidstatedrivesusingtheSandForceSF2200controllerwithsequentialreadandwritespeedsof550and520MB/s
respectivelywithrandomreadandwriteIOPSashighas80,000.Thesedriveswillreplacethe510series.[99]Intelhasreleasedthebudget330seriessolidstatedrivein60,
120,and180GBcapacitiesusing25nmflashmemoryandaSandForcecontrollerthathavereplacedthe320series.[100][101]
IntelSSDs
Model Codename
Capacities(GB)
NAND
Interface
type
Formfactor
Seq.
Rnd4KB
Controller read/write read/write Introduced
MB/s
IOPS(K)
Comment/
Source
X18
M/X25
M
Ephraim
80/160
50nm SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
1.8"/2.5"
Intel
250/70
X25E
Ephraim
32/64
50nm SATA3
SLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
Intel
250/170
35/3.3
Oct2008
[86][88]
X18M
G2/
X25M
G2
Postville
80/120/160
34nm SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
1.8"/2.5"
Intel
250/100
35/6.6
0.3
July2009
[87][88][103]
X25V
Glenbrook
40
34nm SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
Intel
170/35
25/2.5?
Mar2010
[91][104]
310
SodaCreek
40/80
34nm SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
mSATA
Intel
200/70
35/2.6
Dec2010
[92][105][106]
510
Elmcrest
120/250
34nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
Marvell
500/315
20/8
Mar2011
[94][107]
320
Postville
Refresh
40/80/120/160/300/600
25nm SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
1.8"/2.5"
Intel[108]
270/220
35/
Sept2008
3.3000.35 (nowEOL)
[81][102]
39.5/23
Originallytobe
releasedOct
2010,named
X18MG3&
Mar2011 X25MG3,the
1.8"wasreleased
laterin
2011[88][96][109]
Speciallow
capacitySLC
May2011 SSDforusewith
Intel
SRT[110][111][112]
311
Larsen
Creek
20
34nm SATA3
SLC
Gbit/s
2.5"/mSATA
Intel
200/105
37/3.3
710
Lyndonville
100/200/300
25nm
SATA3
MLC
Gbit/s
HET
2.5"
Intel
270/210
38.5/2.7
Q32011
[113][114]
520
Cherryville
60/120/180/240/480
25nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
SandForce
550/520
50/80
February
2012
Replaces510[99]
6/19
5/1/2015
313
Hawley
Creek
20/24
330
MapleCrest
60/120/180/240
910
Ramsdale
335
JayCrest
2.5"/mSATA
Intel
220/115
36/4
25nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
SandForce
500/450
22.5/33
April2012
[100][101]
400/800
25nm
PCIe2.0
MLC
8
HET
PCIe
180/75
April2012
[116][117]
80/180/240
20nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
2.5"
SandForce
500/450
42/52
October
2012
[118][119]
100/200/400/800
25nm
SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
HET
1.8"/2.5"
Intel
500/450
72/34
November
2012
[120][121]
30/60/120/180/240
25nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
mSATA
SandForce
550/520
50/60
January
2013
[122][123]
Wolfsville 80/120/160/240/300/400/480/600/800
20nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
1.8"/2.5"
Intel
475/450
75/11.5
June2013
[124][125]
530
DaleCrest
80/120/180/240/360/480
20nm SATA6
M.2/mSATA/2.5" SandForce
MLC
Gbit/s
540/490
41/80
July2013
[126][127]
Pro
1500
SierraStar
80/120/180/240/360/480
20nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
M.2/2.5"
SandForce
540/490
41/80
Sept2013
[128][129][130]
Pro
2500
TempleStar
80/180/240/360/480
20nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
M.2/2.5"
SandForce?
540/490
42/52
Q22014
[131][132]
DC
P3700
Fultondale
200/400/800/1600/2000
20nm
MLC
HET
PCIe
(2.5"/AIC)
Intel
2800/1700
450/150
Q22014
CustomIntel
NVMe
controller[131][132]
250/500/1000/2000
20nm
MLC
PCIe
(2.5"/AIC)
Intel
2800/1700
450/40
Q22014
CustomIntel
NVMe
controller[131][132]
2.5"
Intel
550/470
89/74
March
2014
[133]
(2.5"/AIC)
Intel
2600/1700
450/56
June2014
[134][135]
DC
Taylorsville
S3700
525
DC
S3500
Lincoln
Crest
DC
Pleasantdale
P3500
730
Jackson
Ridge
DC
P3600
240/480
400/800/1200/1600/2000
Model Codename
Capacities(GB)
25nm SATA3
SLC
Gbit/s
20nm SATA6
MLC
Gbit/s
20nm
MLC
PCIe
NAND
Interface
type
Formfactor
Intel/Hitachi 2000/1000
April2012 Replaces311for
usewithSRT[115]
Seq.
Rnd4KB
Controller read/write read/write Introduced
MB/s
IOPS(K)
Comment/
Source
Supercomputers
TheIntelScientificComputersdivisionwasfoundedin1984byJustinRattner,inordertodesignandproduceparallelcomputersbasedonIntelmicroprocessors
connectedinhypercubetopologies.[136]In1992thenamewaschangedtotheIntelSupercomputingSystemsDivision,anddevelopmentoftheiWarparchitecturewasalso
subsumed.[137]Thedivisiondesignedseveralsupercomputersystems,includingtheInteliPSC/1,iPSC/2,iPSC/860,ParagonandASCIRed.InNovember2014,Intel
revealedthatitisgoingtouselightbeamstospeedupsupercomputers.[138]TherenownedchipmakerhasalsodisclosedthatallitsSupercomputerformswilluseoptical
technologyfordatatransferfrom2015.
Competition,antitrustandespionage
Twofactorscombinedtoendthisdominance:theslowingofPCdemandgrowthbeginningin2000andtheriseofthelowcostPC.Bytheendofthe1990s,
microprocessorperformancehadoutstrippedsoftwaredemandforthatCPUpower.Asidefromhighendserversystemsandsoftware,whosedemanddroppedwiththe
endofthe"dotcombubble",consumersystemsraneffectivelyonincreasinglylowcostsystemsafter2000.Intel'sstrategyofproducingevermorepowerfulprocessors
andobsoletingtheirpredecessorsstumbled,leavinganopportunityforrapidgainsbycompetitors,notablyAMD.Thisinturnloweredtheprofitabilityoftheprocessor
lineandendedaneraofunprecedenteddominanceofthePChardwarebyIntel.
Intel'sdominanceinthex86microprocessormarketledtonumerouschargesofantitrustviolationsovertheyears,includingFTCinvestigationsinboththelate1980sand
in1999,andcivilactionssuchasthe1997suitbyDigitalEquipmentCorporation(DEC)andapatentsuitbyIntergraph.Intel'smarketdominance(atonetimeit
controlledover85%ofthemarketfor32bitx86microprocessors)combinedwithIntel'sownhardballlegaltactics(suchasitsinfamous338patentsuitversusPC
manufacturers)[139]madeitanattractivetargetforlitigation,butfewofthelawsuitseveramountedtoanything.
Acaseofindustrialespionagearosein1995thatinvolvedbothIntelandAMD.BillGaede,anArgentineformerlyemployedbothatAMDandatIntel'sArizonaplant,
wasarrestedforattemptingin1993tosellthei486andP5PentiumdesignstoAMDandtocertainforeignpowers.[140]Gaedevideotapeddatafromhiscomputerscreenat
IntelandmailedittoAMD,whichimmediatelyalertedIntelandauthorities,resultinginGaede'sarrest.Gaedewasconvictedandsentencedto33monthsinprisoninJune
1996.[141][142]
PartnershipwithApple
OnJune6,2005,SteveJobs,thenCEOofApple,announcedthatApplewouldbetransitioningfromitslongfavoredPowerPCarchitecturetotheIntelx86architecture,
becausethefuturePowerPCroadmapwasunabletosatisfyApple'sneeds.ThefirstMacintoshcomputerscontainingIntelCPUswereannouncedonJanuary10,2006,
andApplehaditsentirelineofconsumerMacsrunningonIntelprocessorsbyearlyAugust2006.TheAppleXserveserverwasupdatedtoIntelXeonprocessorsfrom
November2006,andwasofferedinaconfigurationsimilartoApple'sMacPro.[143]
Core2Duoadvertisementcontroversy
7/19
5/1/2015
In2007,thecompanyreleasedaprintadvertisementforitsCore2DuoprocessorfeaturingsixAfricanAmericanrunnersappearingtobowdowntoaCaucasianmale
insideofanofficesetting(duetotheposturetakenbyrunnersonstartingblocks).AccordingtoNancyBhagat,VicePresidentofIntelCorporateMarketing,thegeneral
publicfoundtheadtobe"insensitiveandinsulting."[144]ThecampaignwasquicklypulledandseveralIntelexecutivesmadepublicapologiesonthecorporate
website.[145]
ClassmatePC
Intel'sClassmatePCisthecompany'sfirstlowcostnetbookcomputer.[146]Oneofthemodels,designedbyTEAMSDesign[4](http://www.teamsdesign.com/com/)in
theirShanghaioffice,wonmanydesignawards,suchastheApplianceDesignEIDAward,[147]the2008SparkAward,[148]andtheiF2008ChinaAward.[149]
Mobileprocessor
InJune2011,IntelintroducedthefirstPentiummobileprocessorbasedontheSandyBridgecore.TheB940,clockedat2GHz,isfasterthanexistingorupcomingmobile
Celerons,althoughitisalmostidenticaltodualcoreCeleronCPUsinallotheraspects.[150]AccordingtoIHSiSuppli'sreportonSeptember28,2011,SandyBridgechips
havehelpedIntelincreaseitsmarketshareinglobalprocessormarketto81.8%,whileAMD'smarketsharedroppedto10.4%.[151]
IntelplannedtointroduceMedfieldaprocessorfortabletsandsmartphonestothemarketin2012,asanefforttocompetewithARM.[152]Asa32nanometer
processor,Medfieldisdesignedtobeenergyefficient,whichisoneofthecorefeaturesinARM'schips.[153]
AttheIntelDevelopersForum(IDF)2011inSanFrancisco,Intel'spartnershipwithGooglewasannounced.ByJanuary2012,Google'sAndroid2.3willuseIntel'sAtom
microprocessor.[154][155][156]
Serverchips
InJuly2011,Intelannouncedthatitsserverchips,theXeonseries,willusenewsensorsthatcanimprovedatacentercoolingefficiency.[157]
22nmprocessors
In2011,IntelannouncedtheIvyBridgeprocessorfamilyattheIntelDeveloperForum.[158]IvyBridgesupportsbothDDR3memoryandDDR3Lchips.
PersonalOfficeEnergyMonitor(POEM)
AspartofitseffortsinthePositiveEnergyBuildingsConsortium,Intelhasbeendevelopinganapplication,calledPersonalOfficeEnergyMonitor(POEM),tohelpoffice
buildingstobemoreenergyefficient.Withthisapplication,employeescangetthepowerconsumptioninfofortheirofficemachines,sothattheycanfigureoutabetter
waytosaveenergyintheirworkingenvironment.[159]
ITManager3:UnseenForces
ITManagerIII:UnseenForcesisawebbasedITsimulationgamefromIntel.Inityoumanageacompany'sITdepartment.Thegoalistoapplytechnologyandskillto
enablethecompanytogrowfromasmallbusinessintoaglobalenterprise.
CarSecuritySystem
In2011,Intelannouncedthatitisworkingonacarsecuritysystemthatconnectstosmartphonesviaanapplication.Theapplicationworksbystreamingvideotoacloud
serviceifyourcarisbrokeninto.[160]
HighBandwidthDigitalContentProtection
IntelalsodevelopedHighBandwidthDigitalContentProtection(HDCP)topreventaccessofdigitalaudioandvideocontentasittravelsacrossconnections.
MovefromWinteldesktoptoopenmobileplatforms
In2013,Intel'sKirkSkaugensaidthatIntel'sexclusivefocusonMicrosoftplatformswasathingofthepastandthattheywouldnowsupportall"tieroneoperating
systems"suchasLinux,Android,iOS,andChrome.[161]
In2014,Intelcutthousandsofemployeesinresponseto"evolvingmarkettrends",[162]andofferedtosubsidizemanufacturersfortheextracostsinvolvedinusingIntel
chipsintheirtablets.[163]
Wearablefashion
OnJanuary6,2014,Intelannouncedthatitwas"teamingwiththeCouncilofFashionDesignersofAmerica,BarneysNewYorkandOpeningCeremonyaroundthe
wearabletechfield."[164]
Intelhasdevelopedareferencedesignforwearablesmartearbudsthatprovidebiometricandfitnessinformation.TheIntelsmartearbudsprovidefullstereoaudio,and
monitorheartrate,whiletheapplicationsontheusersphonekeeptrackofrundistanceandcaloriesburned.
Corporateaffairs
InSeptember2006,Intelhadnearly100,000employeesand200facilitiesworldwide.Its2005revenueswere$38.8billionanditsFortune500rankingwas49th.Itsstock
symbolisINTC,listedontheNASDAQ.AsofFebruary2009,thebiggestcustomersofIntelareHewlettPackardandDell.[165]
8/19
5/1/2015
Leadershipandcorporatestructure
RobertNoycewasIntel'sCEOatitsfoundingin1968,followedbycofounderGordonMoorein1975.AndyGrovebecamethe
company'spresidentin1979andaddedtheCEOtitlein1987whenMoorebecamechairman.In1998,GrovesucceededMooreas
Chairman,andCraigBarrett,alreadycompanypresident,tookover.OnMay18,2005,Barretthandedthereinsofthecompany
overtoPaulOtellini,whopreviouslywasthecompanypresidentandCOOandwhowasresponsibleforIntel'sdesignwininthe
originalIBMPC.TheboardofdirectorselectedOtelliniasPresidentandCEO,andBarrettreplacedGroveasChairmanofthe
Board.Grovesteppeddownaschairman,butisretainedasaspecialadviser.InMay2009,Barrettsteppeddownaschairmanofthe
BoardandwassucceededbyJaneShaw.InMay2012,IntelvicechairmanAndyBryant,whohadpreviouslyheldthepostsof
CFO(1994)andChiefAdministrativeOfficer(2007)atIntel,succeededShawasexecutivechairman.[166]
InNovember2012,presidentandCEOPaulOtelliniannouncedthathewouldstepdowninMay2013attheageof62,threeyears
beforethecompany'smandatoryretirementage.Duringasixmonthtransitionperiod,Intel'sboardofdirectorscommenceda
searchprocessforthenextCEO,inwhichitconsideredbothinternalmanagersandexternalcandidatessuchasSanjayJhaand
PatrickGelsinger.[167]Financialresultsrevealedthat,underOtellini,Intel'srevenueincreasedby55.8percent(US$34.2to53.3
billion),whileitsnetincomeincreasedby46.7%(US$7.5billionto11billion).[168]
PaulOtellini,CraigBarrettandSean
Maloney(2006)
OnMay2,2013,ExecutiveVicePresidentandCOOBrianKrzanichwaselectedasIntel'ssixthCEO,[169]aselectionthatbecameeffectiveonMay16,2013atthe
company'sannualmeeting.Reportedly,theboardconcludedthataninsidercouldproceedwiththeroleandexertanimpactmorequickly,withouttheneedtolearnIntel's
processes,andKrzanichwasselectedonsuchabasis.[170]Intel'ssoftwareheadReneJameswasselectedaspresidentofthecompany,arolethatissecondtotheCEO
position.[171]
AsofMay2013,Intel'sboardofdirectorsconsistsofAndyBryant,JohnDonahoe,FrankYeary,AmbassadorCharleneBarshefsky,SusanDecker,ReedHundt,Paul
Otellini,JamesPlummer,DavidPottruck,andDavidYoffie.TheboardwasdescribedbyformerFinancialTimesjournalistTomForemskias"anexemplaryexampleof
corporategovernanceofthehighestorder"andreceivedaratingoftenfromGovernanceMetricsInternational,aformofrecognitionthathasonlybeenawardedtotwenty
oneothercorporateboardsworldwide.[172]
Employment
Thefirmpromotesveryheavilyfromwithin,mostnotablyinitsexecutivesuite.Thecompanyhasresistedthetrendtoward
outsiderCEOs.PaulOtelliniwasa30yearveteranofthecompanywhenheassumedtheroleofCEO.Allofhistoplieutenants
haverisenthroughtheranksaftermanyyearswiththefirm.Inmanycases,Intel'stopexecutiveshavespenttheirentireworking
careerswithIntel.
IntelhasamandatoryretirementpolicyforitsCEOswhentheyreachage65.AndyGroveretiredat62,whilebothRobertNoyce
andGordonMooreretiredat58.GroveretiredasChairmanandasamemberoftheboardofdirectorsin2005atage68.
Intel'sheadquartersarelocatedinSantaClara,California,andthecompanyhasoperationsaroundtheworld.Itslargestworkforce
concentrationanywhereisinWashingtonCounty,Oregon(inthePortlandmetropolitanarea's"SiliconForest"),withabout17,000
employeesatseveralfacilitiesandmajorexpansionunderway.[174]OutsidetheUnitedStates,thecompanyhasfacilitiesinChina,
CostaRica,Malaysia,Israel,Ireland,India,RussiaandVietnam,63countriesandregionsinternationally.IntheU.S.Intelemploys
significantnumbersofpeopleinCalifornia,Colorado,Massachusetts,Arizona,NewMexico,Oregon,Texas,Washingtonand
Utah.InOregon,Intelisthestate'slargestprivateemployer.[174][175]ThecompanyisthelargestindustrialemployerinNew
MexicowhileinArizonathecompanyhasover10,000employees.
IntelmicroprocessorfacilityinCosta
Ricawasresponsiblein2006for20%
ofCostaRicanexportsand4.9%of
thecountry'sGDP. [173]
IntelinvestsheavilyinresearchinChinaandabout100researchersor10%ofthetotalnumberofresearchersfromIntelarelocatedinBeijing.[176]
In2011,theIsraeligovernmentofferedIntel$290milliontoexpandinthecountry.Asacondition,Intelwillhavetoemploy1,500moreworkersinKiryatGatand
between6001000workersinthenorth.[177]
InJanuary2014,itwasreportedthatIntelwouldcutabout5,000jobsfromitsworkforceof107,000.Theannouncementwasmadeadayafteritreportedearningsthat
missedanalysttargets.[178]
InMarch2014,itwasreportedthatIntelwouldembarkupona$6billionplantoexpanditsactivitiesinIsrael.Theplancallsforcontinuedinvestmentinexistingandnew
Intelplantsuntil2030.Asof2014Intelemploys10,000workersatfourdevelopmentcentersandtwoproductionplantsinIsrael.[179]
Diversity
IntelhasaDiversityInitiative,includingemployeediversitygroupsaswellassupplierdiversityprograms.[180]Likemanycompanieswithemployeediversitygroups,they
includegroupsbasedonraceandnationalityaswellassexualidentityandreligion.In1994,IntelsanctionedoneoftheearliestcorporateGay,Lesbian,Bisexual,and
Transgenderemployeegroups,[181]andsupportsaMuslimemployeesgroup,[182]aJewishemployeesgroup,[183]andaBiblebasedChristiangroup.[184][185]
Intelreceiveda100%ratingonthefirstCorporateEqualityIndexreleasedbytheHumanRightsCampaignin2002.Ithasmaintainedthisratingin2003and2004.In
addition,thecompanywasnamedoneofthe100BestCompaniesforWorkingMothersin2005byWorkingMothermagazine.
InJanuary2015,Intelannouncedtheinvestmentof$300millionoverthenextfiveyearstoenhancegenderandracialdiversityintheirowncompanyaswellasthe
technologyindustryasawhole.[186][187][188][189][190]
Economicimpact
In2011,ECONorthwestconductedaneconomicimpactanalysisofIntel'seconomiccontributiontothestateofOregon.Thereportfoundthatin2009"thetotaleconomic
impactsattributedtoIntel'soperations,capitalspending,contributionsandtaxesamountedtoalmost$14.6billioninactivity,including$4.3billioninpersonalincomeand
59,990jobs."[191]Throughmultipliereffects,every10Inteljobssupported,onaverage,wasfoundtocreate31jobsinothersectorsoftheeconomy.[192]
9/19
5/1/2015
Schoolfunding
InRioRancho,NewMexico,Intelistheleadingemployer.[193]In1997,acommunitypartnershipbetweenSandovalCountyandIntelCorporationfundedandbuiltRio
RanchoHighSchool.[194][195]
Ultrabookfund
In2011,IntelCapitalannouncedanewfundtosupportstartupsworkingontechnologiesinlinewiththecompany'sconceptfornextgenerationnotebooks.[196]The
companyissettingasidea$300millionfundtobespentoverthenextthreetofouryearsinareasrelatedtoultrabooks.[196]Intelannouncedtheultrabookconceptat
Computexin2011.Theultrabookisdefinedasathin(lessthan0.8inches[~2cm]thick[197])notebookthatutilizesIntelprocessors[197]andalsoincorporatestablet
featuressuchasatouchscreenandlongbatterylife.[196][197]
AttheIntelDevelopersForumin2011,fourTaiwanODMsshowedprototypeultrabooksthatusedIntel'sIvyBridgechips.[198]Intelplanstoimprovepowerconsumption
ofitschipsforultrabooks,likenewIvyBridgeprocessorsin2013,whichwillonlyhave10Wdefaultthermaldesignpower.[199]
Intel'sgoalforUltrabook'spriceisbelow$1000[197]however,accordingtotwopresidentsfromAcerandCompaq,thisgoalwillnotbeachievedifInteldoesnotlower
thepriceofitschips.[200]
Finances
Intel'smarketcapitalizationis$162.97billion(February21,2015).ItpubliclytradesonNASDAQwiththesymbol
INTC.Awidelyheldstock,thefollowingindicesincludeIntelshares:DowJonesIndustrialAverage,S&P500,
NASDAQ100,Russell1000Index,Russell1000GrowthIndexandSOX(PHLXSemiconductorSector).
OnJuly15,2008,IntelannouncedthatithadachievedthehighestearningsinthehistoryofthecompanyduringQ2
2008.[201]
Intelstockprice,Nov1986Nov2006
Advertisingandbrandmanagement
IntelInside
Intelhasbecomeoneoftheworld'smostrecognizablecomputerbrandsfollowingitslongrunningIntelInsidecampaign.Intelbrandingcampaignoriginallystartedwith
"TheComputerInside"taglinein1990inUSandEurope.TheJapanchapterofIntelproposed"Intelinit"taglineandkickedoftheJapanesecampaignbyhostingEKI
KON(meansStationConcertinJapanese)attheTokyorailwaystationdomeontheChristmasDayofDecember25in1990.Severalmonthslater,"TheComputerInside"
incorporatedtheJapanideatobecome"IntelInside"whicheventuallyelevatedtotheworldwidebrandingcampaignin1991,byIntelmarketingmanagerDennis
Carter.[202]ThecasestudyoftheInsideIntelInsidewasputtogetherbyHarvardBusinessSchool.[203]Thefivenotejinglewasintroducedin1994andbyitstenth
anniversarywasbeingheardin130countriesaroundtheworld.TheinitialbrandingagencyfortheIntelInsidecampaignwasDahlinSmithWhiteAdvertisingofSaltLake
City.TheIntelswirllogowastheworkofDahlinSmithWhiteartdirectorSteveGriggunderthedirectionofIntelpresidentandCEOAndyGrove.
TheIntelInsideadvertisingcampaignsoughtpublicbrandloyaltyandawarenessofIntelprocessorsinconsumercomputers.[204]Intelpaidsomeoftheadvertiser'scosts
foranadthatusedtheIntelInsidelogoandxylomarimbajingle.[205]
In2008,IntelplannedtoshifttheemphasisofitsIntelInsidecampaignfromtraditionalmediasuchastelevisionandprinttonewer
mediasuchastheInternet.[206]Intelrequiredthataminimumof35%ofthemoneyitprovidedtothecompaniesinitscoopprogram
beusedforonlinemarketing.[206]TheIntel2010annualfinancialreportindicatedthat$1.8billion(6%ofthegrossmarginandnearly
16%ofthetotalnetincome)wasallocatedtoalladvertisingwithIntelInsidebeingpartofthat.[207]
Soniclogo
ThefamousDDGDAxylophone/xylomarimbajingle,soniclogo,tag,audiomnemonicwasproducedby
MusikvergnuegenandwrittenbyWalterWerzowa,onceamemberoftheAustrian1980ssamplingbandEdelweiss.[208]Thesonic
IntellogohasundergonesubstantialchangesintonesincetheintroductionofthePentiumIII,Pentium4,andCoreprocessors,yet
keepsthesamejingle.
TheIntelInsidelogofrom1991
to2006.
Namingstrategy
In2006,IntelexpandeditspromotionofopenspecificationplatformsbeyondCentrino,toincludetheViivmediacenterPCandthe
businessdesktopIntelvPro.
InmidJanuary2006,IntelannouncedthattheyweredroppingthelongrunningPentiumnamefromtheirprocessors.ThePentium
namewasfirstusedtorefertotheP5coreIntelprocessors(Pentreferstothe5inP5,)andwasdonetocircumventcourtrulingsthat
preventthetrademarkingofastringofnumbers,socompetitorscouldnotjustcalltheirprocessorthesamename,ashadbeendone
withtheprior386and486processors(bothofwhichhadcopiesmanufacturedbyIBMandAMD).TheyphasedoutthePentiumnames
frommobileprocessorsfirst,whenthenewYonahchips,brandedCoreSoloandCoreDuo,werereleased.Thedesktopprocessors
changedwhentheCore2lineofprocessorswerereleased.By2009IntelwasusingagoodbetterbeststrategywithCeleronbeing
good,Pentiumbetter,andtheIntelCorefamilyrepresentingthebestthecompanyhastooffer.[209]
20092011badgedesign.
10/19
5/1/2015
AccordingtospokesmanBillCalder,IntelhasmaintainedonlytheCeleronbrand,theAtombrandfornetbooksandthevProlineupforbusinesses.Sincelate2009,Intel's
mainstreamprocessorshavebeencalledCeleron,Pentium,Corei3,Corei5,andCorei7,inorderofperformancefromlowesttohighest.Thefirstgenerationcore
productscarrya3digitname,suchasi5750,andthesecondgenerationproductscarrya4digitname,suchasthei52500.Inbothcases,aKattheendofitshowsthatit
isanunlockedprocessor,enablingadditionaloverclockingabilities(forinstance,2500K).vProproductswillcarrytheIntelCorei7vProprocessorortheIntelCorei5
vProprocessorname.[210]InOctober2011,IntelstartedtosellitsCorei72700K"SandyBridge"chiptocustomersworldwide.[211]
Beginningin2010,"Centrino"willonlybeappliedtoIntel'sWiMAXandWiFitechnologiesitwon'tbeaPCbrandanymore.Thiswillbeanevolutionaryprocesstaking
placeovertime,Intelacknowledgesthatmultiplebrandswillbeinthemarketincludingolderonesthroughoutthetransition.[210]
Opensourcesupport
Intelhasasignificantparticipationintheopensourcecommunitiessince1999.[212]Forexample,in2006IntelreleasedMITlicensedX.orgdriversfortheirintegrated
graphiccardsofthei965familyofchipsets.IntelreleasedFreeBSDdriversforsomenetworkingcards,[213]availableunderaBSDcompatiblelicense,[214]whichwere
alsoportedtoOpenBSD.[214]BinaryfirmwarefilesfornonwirelessEthernetdeviceswerealsoreleasedunderaBSDlicenceallowingfreeredistribution.[215]Intelranthe
MoblinprojectuntilApril23,2009,whentheyhandedtheprojectovertotheLinuxFoundation.IntelalsorunstheLessWatts.orgcampaigns.[216]
However,afterthereleaseofthewirelessproductscalledIntelPro/Wireless2100,2200BG/2225BG/2915ABGand3945ABGin2005,Intelwascriticizedfornot
grantingfreeredistributionrightsforthefirmwarethatmustbeincludedintheoperatingsystemforthewirelessdevicestooperate.[217]Asaresultofthis,Intelbecamea
targetofcampaignstoallowfreeoperatingsystemstoincludebinaryfirmwareontermsacceptabletotheopensourcecommunity.LinspireLinuxcreatorMichael
RobertsonoutlinedthedifficultpositionthatIntelwasinreleasingtoopensource,asInteldidnotwanttoupsettheirlargecustomerMicrosoft.[218]TheodeRaadtof
OpenBSDalsoclaimedthatIntelisbeing"anOpenSourcefraud"afteranIntelemployeepresentedadistortedviewofthesituationatanopensourceconference.[219]In
spiteofthesignificantnegativeattentionIntelreceivedasaresultofthewirelessdealings,thebinaryfirmwarestillhasnotgainedalicensecompatiblewithfreesoftware
principles.[220]
Corporateresponsibilityrecord
IntelhasbeenaccusedbysomeresidentsofRioRancho,NewMexicoofallowingVOCstobereleasedinexcessoftheirpollutionpermit.Oneresidentclaimedthata
releaseof1.4tonsofcarbontetrachloridewasmeasuredfromoneacidscrubberduringthefourthquarterof2003butanemissionfactorallowedInteltoreportnocarbon
tetrachlorideemissionsforallof2003.[221]
AnotherresidentallegesthatIntelwasresponsibleforthereleaseofotherVOCsfromtheirRioRanchositeandthatanecropsyoflungtissuefromtwodeceaseddogsin
theareaindicatedtraceamountsoftoluene,hexane,ethylbenzene,andxyleneisomers,[222]allofwhicharesolventsusedinindustrialsettingsbutalsocommonlyfoundin
gasoline,retailpaintthinnersandretailsolvents.DuringasubcommitteemeetingoftheNewMexicoEnvironmentImprovementBoard,aresidentclaimedthatIntel's
ownreportsdocumentedmorethan1,580pounds(720kg)ofVOCswerereleasedinJuneandJuly2006.[223]
Intel'senvironmentalperformanceispublishedannuallyintheircorporateresponsibilityreport.[224]
Inits2012rankingsontheprogressofconsumerelectronicscompaniesrelatingtoconflictminerals,theEnoughProjectratedIntelthebestof24companies,callingita
"Pioneerofprogress".[225]In2014,chiefexecutiveBrianKrzanichurgedtherestoftheindustrytofollowIntel'sleadbyalsoshunningconflictminerals.[226]
Religiouscontroversy
OrthodoxJewshaveprotestedagainstInteloperatinginIsraelonSaturday,Shabbat.Intelringeditsofficewithbarbedwirebeforetheprotest,buttherewasno
violence.[227]AsofDecember2009,thesituationhasbeenstableforIntelIsraelwhilesomeemployeesreportedworkingovertimeonShabbat.
Agediscrimination
Intelhasfacedcomplaintsofagediscriminationinfiringandlayoffs.Intelwassuedin1993bynineformeremployees,overallegationsthattheywerelaidoffbecause
theywereovertheageof40.[228]
AgroupcalledFACEIntel(FormerandCurrentEmployeesofIntel)claimsthatIntelweedsoutolderemployees.FACEIntelclaimsthatmorethan90percentofpeople
whohavebeenlaidofforfiredfromIntelareovertheageof40.UpsidemagazinerequesteddatafromIntelbreakingoutitshiringandfiringbyage,butthecompany
declinedtoprovideany.[229]IntelhasdeniedthatageplaysanyroleinIntel'semploymentpractices.[230]FACEIntelwasfoundedbyKenHamidi,whowasfiredfrom
Intelin1995attheageof47.[229]Hamidiwasblockedina1999courtdecisionfromusingIntel'semailsystemtodistributecriticismofthecompanytoemployees,[231]
whichoverturnedin2003inIntelCorp.v.Hamidi.
Landdispute
AccordingtotheChristianScienceMonitor,Intel'splantatKiryatGatwasbuiltonthesiteofformerPalestinianvillagesofAlFalujaandIraqalManshiyyaandAl
AwdathePalestinianRighttoReturnCoalitionasupporterofBoycott,DivestmentandSanctions,hascalledonInteltoclosethisplant.[232]
Competition
Inthe1980s,Intelwasamongthetoptensellersofsemiconductors(10thin1987)intheworld.In1991,Intelbecamethebiggestchipmakerbyrevenueandhasheldthe
positioneversince.OthertopsemiconductorcompaniesincludeTSMC,AdvancedMicroDevices,Samsung,TexasInstruments,ToshibaandSTMicroelectronics.
CompetitorsinPCchipsetsincludeAMD,VIATechnologies,SiS,andNvidia.Intel'scompetitorsinnetworkingincludeFreescale,Infineon,Broadcom,Marvell
TechnologyGroupandAMCC,andcompetitorsinflashmemoryincludeSpansion,Samsung,Qimonda,Toshiba,STMicroelectronics,andHynix.
11/19
5/1/2015
Theonlymajorcompetitorinthex86processormarketisAdvancedMicroDevices(AMD),withwhichIntelhashadfullcrosslicensingagreementssince1976:each
partnercanusetheother'spatentedtechnologicalinnovationswithoutchargeafteracertaintime.[233]However,thecrosslicensingagreementiscanceledintheeventof
anAMDbankruptcyortakeover.[234]SomesmallercompetitorssuchasVIAandTransmetaproducelowpowerx86processorsforsmallfactorcomputersandportable
equipment.However,theadventofsuchmobilecomputingdevices,inparticular,smartphones,hasinrecentyearsledtoadeclineinPCsales.Thisisseenasthemain
reasonforIntel's2013Q1netincomedropof25%.[235]Asover95%oftheworld'ssmartphonesarecurrentlypoweredbyprocessorsdesignedbyARMHoldings,this
companyhasbecomeamajorcompetitorforIntel'sprocessormarket.ARMisalsoplanningtomakeinroadsintothePCandservermarket.[236]
Lawsuits
Intelhasoftenbeenaccusedbycompetitorsofusinglegalclaimstothwartcompetition.Intelclaimsthatitisdefendingitsintellectualproperty.Intelhasbeenplaintiffand
defendantinnumerouslegalactions.
InSeptember2005,IntelfiledaresponsetoanAMDlawsuit,[237]disputingAMD'sclaims,andclaimingthatIntel'sbusinesspracticesarefairandlawful.Inarebuttal,
InteldeconstructedAMD'soffensivestrategyandarguedthatAMDstruggledlargelyasaresultofitsownbadbusinessdecisions,includingunderinvestmentinessential
manufacturingcapacityandexcessiverelianceoncontractingoutchipfoundries.[238]Legalanalystspredictedthelawsuitwoulddragonforanumberofyears,since
Intel'sinitialresponseindicateditsunwillingnesstosettlewithAMD.[239][240]In2008acourtdatewasfinallyset,[241]butin2009Intelsettledwitha$1.25billionpayout
toAMD(seebelow).[242]
InOctober2006,aTransmetalawsuitwasfiledagainstIntelforpatentinfringementoncomputerarchitectureandpowerefficiencytechnologies.[243]Thelawsuitwas
settledinOctober2007,withIntelagreeingtopayUS$150millioninitiallyandUS$20millionperyearforthenextfiveyears.Bothcompaniesagreedtodroplawsuits
againsteachother,whileIntelwasgrantedaperpetualnonexclusivelicensetousecurrentandfuturepatentedTransmetatechnologiesinitschipsfor10years.[244]
OnNovember4,2009,NewYork'sattorneygeneralfiledanantitrustlawsuitagainstIntelCorp,claimingthecompanyused"illegalthreatsandcollusion"todominatethe
marketforcomputermicroprocessors.
OnNovember12,2009,AMDagreedtodroptheantitrustlawsuitagainstIntelinexchangefor$1.25billion.[242]Ajointpressreleasepublishedbythetwochipmakers
stated"Whiletherelationshipbetweenthetwocompanieshasbeendifficultinthepast,thisagreementendsthelegaldisputesandenablesthecompaniestofocusallof
oureffortsonproductinnovationanddevelopment."[245][246]
Anantitrustlawsuit[247]andaclassactionsuitrelatingtocoldcallingemployeesofothercompaniesisstillpending.[248]
Anticompetitiveallegations
Japan
In2005,thelocalFairTradeCommissionfoundthatIntelviolatedtheJapaneseAntimonopolyAct.ThecommissionorderedInteltoeliminatediscountsthathad
discriminatedagainstAMD.Toavoidatrial,Intelagreedtocomplywiththeorder.[249][250][251][252]
EuropeanUnion
InJuly2007,theEuropeanCommissionaccusedIntelofanticompetitivepractices,mostlyagainstAMD.[253]Theallegations,goingbackto2003,includegiving
preferentialpricestocomputermakersbuyingmostoralloftheirchipsfromIntel,payingcomputermakerstodelayorcancelthelaunchofproductsusingAMDchips,
andprovidingchipsatbelowstandardcosttogovernmentsandeducationalinstitutions.[254]Intelrespondedthattheallegationswereunfoundedandinsteadqualifiedits
marketbehaviorasconsumerfriendly.[254]GeneralcounselBruceSewellrespondedthattheCommissionhadmisunderstoodsomefactualassumptionsastopricingand
manufacturingcosts.[255]
InFebruary2008,IntelstatedthatitsofficeinMunichhadbeenraidedbyEuropeanUnionregulators.Intelreportedthatitwascooperatingwithinvestigators.[256]Intel
facedafineofupto10%ofitsannualrevenue,iffoundguiltyofstiflingcompetition.[257]AMDsubsequentlylaunchedawebsitepromotingtheseallegations.[258][259]In
June2008,theEUfilednewchargesagainstIntel.[260]InMay2009,theEUfoundthatIntelhadengagedinanticompetitivepracticesandsubsequentlyfinedIntel
1.06billion(US$1.44billion),arecordamount.Intelwasfoundtohavepaidcompanies,includingAcer,Dell,HP,LenovoandNEC,[261]toexclusivelyuseIntelchipsin
theirproducts,andthereforeharmedothercompaniesincludingAMD.[261][262][263]TheEuropeanCommissionsaidthatIntelhaddeliberatelyactedtokeepcompetitors
outofthecomputerchipmarketandindoingsohadmadea"seriousandsustainedviolationoftheEU'santitrustrules".[261]Inadditiontothefine,Intelwasorderedby
theCommissiontoimmediatelyceaseallillegalpractices.[261]IntelhasstatedthattheywillappealagainsttheCommission'sverdict.InJune2014,theGeneralCourt,
whichsitsbelowtheEuropeanCourtofJustice,rejectedtheappeal.[261]
SouthKorea
InSeptember2007,SouthKoreanregulatorsaccusedIntelofbreakingantitrustlaw.TheinvestigationbeganinFebruary2006,whenofficialsraidedIntel'sSouthKorean
offices.Thecompanyriskedapenaltyofupto3%ofitsannualsales,iffoundguilty.[264]InJune2008,theFairTradeCommissionorderedInteltopayafineof
US$25.5millionfortakingadvantageofitsdominantpositiontoofferincentivestomajorKoreanPCmanufacturersontheconditionofnotbuyingproductsfrom
AMD.[265]
UnitedStates
NewYorkstartedaninvestigationofIntelinJanuary2008onwhetherthecompanyviolatedantitrustlawsinpricingandsalesofitsmicroprocessors.[266]InJune2008,
theFederalTradeCommissionalsobegananantitrustinvestigationofthecase.[267]InDecember2009,theFTCannounceditwouldinitiateanadministrativeproceeding
againstIntelinSeptember2010.[268][269][270][271]
12/19
5/1/2015
InNovember2009,followingatwoyearinvestigation,NewYorkAttorneyGeneralAndrewCuomosuedIntel,accusingthemofbriberyandcoercion,claimingthatIntel
bribedcomputermakerstobuymoreoftheirchipsthanthoseoftheirrivals,andthreatenedtowithdrawthesepaymentsifthecomputermakerswereperceivedas
workingtoocloselywithitscompetitors.Intelhasdeniedtheseclaims.[272]
OnJuly22,2010,DellagreedtoasettlementwiththeU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC)topay$100MinpenaltiesresultingfromchargesthatDelldidnot
accuratelydiscloseaccountinginformationtoinvestors.Inparticular,theSECchargedthatfrom2002to2006,DellhadanagreementwithInteltoreceiverebatesin
exchangefornotusingchipsmanufacturedbyAMD.Thesesubstantialrebateswerenotdisclosedtoinvestors,butwereusedtohelpmeetinvestorexpectationsregarding
thecompany'sfinancialperformance"Theseexclusivitypaymentsgrewfrom10percentofDell'soperatingincomeinFY2003to38percentinFY2006,andpeakedat
76percentinthefirstquarterofFY2007.".[273]DelleventuallydidadoptAMDasasecondarysupplierin2006,andIntelsubsequentlystoppedtheirrebates,causing
Dell'sfinancialperformancetofall.[274][275][276]
Marketshare
AccordingtoIDC,whileIntelstillenjoysthebiggestmarketshareinboththeoverallworldwidePCmicroprocessormarket(79.3%)andthemobilePCmicroprocessor
(84.4%)inthesecondquarterof2011,thenumbersdecreasedby1.5%and1.9%comparedtothefirstquarter.[277][278]
PerPassmark's(?)CPUbenchmark,whichtakesintoaccountindividualbenchmarkingoftheirsoftwareandeachsystemresultsarereportedwith,Intelhasretained70%
andmoreoftheactivemarketversusAMDsinceQ12008.[279]
Seealso
ASCIRed
AMD
ComparisonofATIGraphicsProcessingUnits
ComparisonofIntelprocessors
ComparisonofNvidiagraphicsprocessingunits
Cyrix
Engineeringsample(CPU)
IntelDriverUpdateUtility
IntelGMA(GraphicsMediaAccelerator)
IntelMuseum
IntelScienceTalentSearch
IntelDeveloperZone(IntelDZ)
ListofIntelchipsets
ListofIntelCPUmicroarchitectures
ListofIntelmanufacturingsites
ListofIntelmicroprocessors
ListofSemiconductorFabricationPlants
Semiconductorsalesleadersbyyear
Wintel
IntelrelatedbiographicalarticlesonWikipedia:
AndyGrove
BillGaede
BobColwell
CraigBarrett(chiefexecutive)
GordonMoore
JustinRattner
PatGelsinger
PaulOtellini
RobertNoyce
SeanMaloney
References
1. IntelCorporationCompanyProfile(http://www.hoovers.com/company/Intel_Corporation/rykxki1.html?
CM_ITE=intel_headquarters&CM_VEN=PAID&CM_PLA=CHQ&CM_CAT=GGL).RetrievedJuly26,2010.
2. "INTELCORP2013AnnualReportForm(10K)"(http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/50863/000005086314000020/000005086314000020index.htm)(XBRL).UnitedStates
SecuritiesandExchangeCommission.February14,2014.
3. "Employees"(http://www.intc.com/intel%2Dannual%2Dreport/2012/business/employees/).2012AnnualReport.Intel.RetrievedMarch14,2014.
4. "Intel2007AnnualReport"(http://media.corporateir.net/media_files/irol/10/101302/2007annualReport/common/pdfs/intel_2007ar.pdf)(PDF).Intel.2007.RetrievedJuly6,2011.
5. "SecretofIntel'snamerevealed"(http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1031210/secretintelrevealed).TheInquirer.2007.RetrievedJune11,2012.
6. Goodin,Dan(September23,1998)."Microsoft'sholywaronJava"(http://www.news.com/20091001215854.html).news.com(CNETNews.com).RetrievedJanuary7,2008.
7. Graham,Lea(December14,1998)."USAversusMicrosoft:thefourthweek"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/special_report/1998/04/98/microsoft/215645.stm).BBCNews.Retrieved
January7,2008.
8. "BrandzRanking2011PDF"(http://www.millwardbrown.com/Libraries/Optimor_BrandZ_Files/2011_BrandZ_Top100_Chart.sflb.ashx).MillwardBrownOptimor.2011.Retrieved
October27,2011.
9. AFP(August21,2008)."Intelcutselectriccordswithwirelesspowersystem"(http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iSCa6QNqHQ7MfRAjCk2vPtCvzOQ).Google.Retrieved
July10,2011.
10. Markoff,John(August21,2008)."Intelmovestofreegadgetsoftheirrechargingcords"(http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/08/21/technology/21intel.php).InternationalHerald
Tribune.RetrievedAugust22,2008.
11. Millian,Mark."NewInteltechwillcreatesmaller,fastermicrochips"(http://www.cnn.com/2011/TECH/mobile/05/04/intel.event/index.html).CNN.RetrievedMay5,2011.
12. CharlieDemerjian,SemiAccurate."Intelmovestransistorsfrom2Dto3Dandmore(http://semiaccurate.com/2011/08/18/intelmovestransistorsfrom2dto3dandmore/)."August
18,2011.RetrievedAugust24,2011.
13. EETimes."Intel'ssolarspinofffilesforbankruptcy(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4219234/Intelssolarspinofffilesforbankruptcy)."August23,2011.RetrievedAugust25,
2011.
13/19
5/1/2015
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
2011.
AdityaDey."IntelReleased4thGenerationIntelCoreProcessorsinTaipei"(http://techstake.blogspot.in/2013/06/Intelreleased4thgenerationcoreprocessors.html).TechStake
TechnologyNewsBlog.RetrievedJune2013.
"Whatis01.org?01.org"(https://01.org/about/what01.org).01.org.
LessWatts:"AbouttheIntelOpenSourceTechnologyCenter"(https://lesswatts.org/aboutotc.php)
DavidB.Green(July24,2013)."ThisdayinJewishhistory/IntelcofounderandselfdescribedLudditeisborn"(http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/thisdayinjewish
history/1.537643).Haaretz.RetrievedSeptember5,2013.
"IntelOnlineMuseum:CorporateTimeline(Archivedversion)"(https://web.archive.org/web/20130103012023/http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historictimeline.html).
IntelMuseum.Intel.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/history/historictimeline.html)onJanuary3,2013.RetrievedJuly23,2011.
"SiliconGenesis:ArthurRock"(http://silicongenesis.stanford.edu/transcripts/rock.htm).StanfordUniversity.RetrievedJuly23,2011.
TheAndrewGrovearticleexplainshowaclericalerrorexchangedtheemployeeIDnumbersofGroveandthefourthemployee,LeslieL.Vadsz,whomGrovehadhired.
"IDFTranscript:InterviewwithGordonMoore"(http://download.intel.com/pressroom/kits/events/idffall_2007/TranscriptMooreGelsinger.pdf)(PDF).IntelCorporation.August18,
2007.RetrievedJuly29,2009.
IntelCorporation(http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/289747/IntelCorporation).EncyclopdiaBritannica.RetrievedNovember26,2008.
Valich,Theo(September19,2007)."SecretofIntelnamerevealed"(http://www.theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=42469).TheInquirer.RetrievedSeptember19,2007.
1969SchottkyBarrierDiodeDoublestheSpeedofTTLMemory&Logic(http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1969Schottky.html)ComputerHistoryMuseum.
RetrievedSeptember23,2011.
SchottkyBipolar3101,3101ARAMs(https://docs.google.com/viewer?
a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mZWJjZTRlN2MtOTJiMy00YmRmLWE0MjMtODI1ZDQ5MTU2YTFl&hl=en)GoogleDocs.
SchottkyBipolar3301AROM(https://docs.google.com/viewer?
a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYWM3MGM1NWItYjI2YS00MGU0LWFiOGYtZjczZDdjY2IxNGJl&hl=en)GoogleDocs.
"AchronologicallistofIntelproducts.Theproductsaresortedbydate."
(https://web.archive.org/web/20070809053720/http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf)(PDF).Intelmuseum.IntelCorporation.July
2005.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://download.intel.com/museum/research/arc_collect/timeline/TimelineDateSort7_05.pdf)(PDF)onAugust9,2007.RetrievedJuly31,2007.
SiliconGateMOS1101ARAM(https://docs.google.com/viewer?
a=v&pid=explorer&chrome=true&srcid=0B9rh9tVI0J5mYjBjNmY1YTktY2U2OS00MDNiLWI1YTAtZjhhOWE1NjQyN2Zk&hl=en)GoogleDocs.
Silberhorn,GottfriedColinDouglasHowell."IntelIntellecSeries"(http://www.oldcomputers.com/MUSEUM/computer.asp?c=754&st=1).oldcomputers.com.OLD
COMPUTERS.COM.RetrievedJuly31,2007.
Wong,Nicole(July31,2006)."IntelCore2Duoabigleapinchiprace"(http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060731&slug=btintelchip31).SeattleTimes.
RetrievedOctober15,2009.
TheSenateReportonthebill(S.Rep.No.425,98thCong.,2dSess.(1984))stated:"Inthesemiconductorindustry,innovationisindispensableresearchbreakthroughsareessentialto
thelifeandhealthoftheindustry.Butresearchandinnovationinthedesignofsemiconductorchipsarethreatenedbytheinadequaciesofexistinglegalprotectionagainstpiracyand
unauthorizedcopying.Thisproblem,whichissocriticaltothisessentialsectoroftheAmericaneconomy,isaddressedbytheSemiconductorChipProtectionActof1984....[Thebill]
wouldprohibit"chippiracy"theunauthorizedcopyinganddistributionofsemiconductorchipproductscopiedfromtheoriginalcreatorsofsuchworks."QuotedinBrooktreeCorp.v.
AdvancedMicroDevices,Inc.(http://cases.justia.com/uscourtofappeals/F2/977/1555/304802/),977F.2d1555,17(Fed.Cir.1992).SeealsoBrooktree,2122(copyrightandpatent
lawineffective).
"BillGatesSpeaks",page29.ISBN9780471401698
"Medopad"(http://www.crunchbase.com/organization/medopad).crunchbase.com.
Krazit,Tom(July14,2006)."Intel'sCore2Duolivesuptohype"(http://news.zdnet.com/21009584_22148811.html).ZDNetNews.RetrievedOctober15,2009.citingCNET,
Anandtech,Sharky'sExtremeandPCMagaspublishingsimilarconclusions.
Sandhu,Tarinder(July14,2006)."IntelCore2Duo/Extremeprocessorreview"(http://www.hexus.net/content/item.php?item=6184).Hexustechnologynews&reviews.Retrieved
October15,2009.
Schofield,Jack(July27,2006)."IntelraisesthebarasAMDdropspricesinchipbattle"(http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2006/jul/27/comment.insideit).TheGuardian(UK).
RetrievedOctober15,2009.
Nelson,Carl."IntelCorei7"Nehalem"CPUReview"(http://www.hardcoreware.net/reviews/review37211.htm).www.hardcoreware.net.RetrievedDecember9,2013.
"MarvellbuysIntel'shandheldprocessorunitfor$600million"(http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=189601851).eetimes.com(CMPMediaLLC.).June
27,2006.RetrievedJuly12,2007.
"Intelin$7.68bnMcAfeetakeover"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business11025866).BBCNews.August19,2010.RetrievedAugust19,2010.
"IntelwinsconditionalapprovalfromEUforMcAfeeacquisitionof$7.68billion"(http://techshrimp.com/2011/01/26/intelwinsconditionalapprovalfromeuformcafeeacquisition
of768billion/).TechShrimp.January26,2011.RetrievedJanuary26,2011.
"MicrosoftAllianceWithIntelShowsAge"(http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703808704576062073117494078.html),January4,2011WallStreetJournalarticle
IntelbuysInfineon'swirelesswingfor4Gliftoff(http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/mobiledevices/2010/08/31/intelbuysinfineonswirelesswingfor4gliftoff40089960/),aAugust
31,2010,ZDNet
IntelCFOTalksAboutAcquisitionStrategy(http://www.institutionalinvestor.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=2726870),InstitutionalInvestor
DeanTakahashi,VentureBeat."Intelbuys4GwirelesssoftwarefirmSySDSoft(http://venturebeat.com/2011/03/14/intelbuys4gltesysdsoftinegypt/)."March14,2011.Retrieved
March17,2011.
DylanMcGrath,EETimes."FulcrumbuycouldsignalshiftforIntel(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4217982/FulcrumbuycouldsignalshiftforIntel)."July19,2011.
RetrievedJuly20,2011.
[1](http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/03/technology/intelreachesdealtoacquirenavigationsoftwaremaker.html?ref=business).TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedOctober2,2011.
"IntelInvesting$4.1BillioninASMLtoSpeedProduction"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20120709/intelagreestobuy10stakeinasmlforabout21billion.html).July11,
2012.
IngridLunden(July16,2013)."GestureInThePicture,AsIntelPicksUpOmekButPrimeSenseDismissesAppleAcquisitionRumors"(http://techcrunch.com/2013/07/16/gesturein
thepictureasintelreportedlypicksupomekbutprimesensedismissesappleacquisitionrumors/).TechCrunch.AOLInc.RetrievedSeptember14,2013.
IngridLunden(September13,2013)."IntelHasAcquiredNaturalLanguageProcessingStartupIndisys,Price"North"Of$26M,ToBuildItsAIMuscle"
(http://techcrunch.com/2013/09/13/intelhasacquirednaturallanguageprocessingstartupindisyspricenorthof26m/?ncid=tcdaily).TechCrunch.AOLInc.RetrievedSeptember14,
2013.
"IntelacquiresidentitymanagementservicePasswordBox"(http://thenextweb.com/apps/2014/12/01/intelacquiresidentitymanagementservicepasswordbox/).TheNextWeb.
RetrievedDecember1,2014.
"Intelbuys$25millionstakeinGoogleGlassrivalVuzix"(http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7493439/intelbuysstakeingoogleglassrivalvuzix).TheVerge.RetrievedJanuary6,
2014.
"IntelbuysformerInfineon"InternetofThings"chipunitLantiq"(http://uk.reuters.com/article/2015/02/02/lantiqmaintelidUKL6N0VB0DP20150202).Reuters.Retrieved
February2,2015.
"InteltoAcquireWindRiverSystemsforApproximately$884Million"(http://www.windriver.com/news/press/pr.html?ID=6921).windriver.com.June4,2009.Retrieved
December9,2013.
"Announcement|McAfee,Inc"(http://www.mcafee.com/us/about/intelmcafee.aspx).Mcafee.com.February28,2011.RetrievedJune14,2013.
PeterHa(August30,2010)."IntelacquiresInfineon'sWirelessSolutionsBusinessfor$1.4billion"(http://techcrunch.com/2010/08/30/intelacquiresinfineonswirelesssolutions
businessfor14billion/).TechCrunch.RetrievedJune14,2013.
RueLiu(March17,2011)."IntelAcquiresSiliconHiveInPushForMobileProcessingChips"(http://www.slashgear.com/intelacquiressiliconhiveinpushformobileprocessing
chips17140712/).SlashGear.RetrievedJanuary21,2014.
InteltoacquireTelmap,doleouteasytoimplementlocationAPIstoAppUpdevelopers(http://www.engadget.com/2011/09/29/inteltoaquiretelmapdoleouteasytoimplement
locationapis/).Engadget.com.RetrievedonDecember9,2013.
"Source:MasheryIsSellingToIntelForMoreThan$180M"(http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/17/sourcemasheryissellingtointelformorethan180m).TechCrunch.April17,2013.
RetrievedJune14,2013.
JeffreyBurt(May3,2013)."IntelBuysNetworkingSoftwareFirmAepona"(http://www.eweek.com/networking/intelbuysnetworkingsoftwarefirmaepona).Eweek.com.Retrieved
June14,2013.
"Intel'sMcAfeeIsBuyingStonesoft,AFinnishNetworkedFirewallSpecialist,For$389MInCash"(http://techcrunch.com/2013/05/06/intelsmcafeebuyscloudbasednetworked
14/19
5/1/2015
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
firewallspecialiststonesoftfor389mincash/).TechCrunch.May6,2013.RetrievedJune14,2013.
IntelPR."IntelCompletesAcquisitionofBASISScienceInc."(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2014/03/25/intelcompletesacquisitionofbasisscience
inc).IntelNewsroom.
IanKing."InteltoBuyAvagosNetworkingBusinessfor$650Million"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20140813/intelagreestobuyavagosnetworkingbusinessfor
650.html).Bloomberg.com.
"IntelBuysPasswordBoxToAddIDManagementToItsSecurityBusiness"(http://techcrunch.com/2014/12/01/intelbuyspasswordboxtoaddidmanagementtoitssecurity
business/).TechCrunch.AOL.
"Intelbuys$25millionstakeinGoogleGlassrivalVuzix"(http://www.theverge.com/2015/1/5/7493439/intelbuysstakeingoogleglassrivalvuzix).TheVerge.VoxMedia.
InteltoInvestMoreThan$5billiontoBuildNewFactoryinArizona(http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20110218005980/en/IntelInvest5BillionBuildFactoryArizona).
BusinessWire(February18,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
King,Ian.(February18,2011)"IntelPlanstoBuild$5billionChipPlantinArizona"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20110218/intelplanstobuild5billionchipplantin
arizonahire4000workers.html).Bloomberg.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
"IntelIsSaidtoDesignPhoneforZTEforSaleinChina"(http://www.bloomberg.com/news/20110411/intelissaidtohavedesignedphoneforztetosellinchina.html).
Bloomberg.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
SylvieBarak,EETimes."Intelannouncesmobileandwirelssreorganization(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4233223/Intelannouncesmobileandwirelessreorganization)."
December14,2011.RetrievedDecember14,2011.
"IntelthrowsopenchipovenstoAlterabutwho'snext:Apple?"(http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/02/26/intel_altera_chip_deal/)
"Intelandpalsshrinktheirsemisby$600masdemanddroops."(http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/03/18/chip_maker_cut_inventory/)
Inteldabblesincontractmanufacturing,weighingtradeoffs(http://www.oregonlive.com/siliconforest/index.ssf/2013/07/intel_dabbles_in_contract_manu.html)//TheOregonian,July
27,2013
Inteltomake22nmchipsforMicrosemi(http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1280814)//EETimes,February5,2013:"Microsemi...becomesIntel'sfifthpublicly
disclosedfoundrycustomer,joiningnetworkprocessorproviderNetronomeandFPGAvendorsAltera,AchronixandTabula."
MicrosemiEmergesAsAnotherIntelManufacturingCustomer(http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2013/05/01/microsemiemergesasanotherintelmanufacturingcustomer/)//WSJ,May1,
2013:"PaulOtellini...alsoreiteratedthatIntelhasotherfoundrycustomersithasnotannounced."
SamuelGibbs(October7,2013)."SirTimBernersLeeandGoogleleadcoalitionforcheaperinternet"(http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/oct/07/googlebernerslee
alliancebroadbandafrica?
CMP=EMCNEWEML6619I2&et_cid=51918&et_rid=7107573&Linkid=http%3a%2f%2fwww.theguardian.com%2ftechnology%2f2013%2foct%2f07%2fgooglebernersleealliance
broadbandafrica).TheGuardian.RetrievedOctober8,2013.
Maliniak,Lisa(October21,2002)."TenNotableFlops:LearningFromMistakes"(http://electronicdesign.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AD=1&ArticleID=2839).ElectronicDesignOnline.
RetrievedNovember27,2007.
Dvorak,JohnC.(February1997)."WhatEverHappenedto...Intel'sDreamChip?"(http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/intel/iapx432/dreamchip.html).Retrieved
November27,2007.
Nicely,Dr.ThomasR.(October30,1994)."Dr.ThomasNicely'sPentiumemail"(http://www.emery.com/nicely.htm).VinceEmeryProductions.RetrievedJuly12,2007.
Grove,AndrewandBurgleman,RobertStrategyIsDestiny:HowStrategyMakingShapesaCompany'sFuture,2001,FreePress
RichardS.Tedlow(2007).AndyGrove:TheLifeandTimesofanAmericanBusinessIcon(http://books.google.com/books?id=zQamXENAalkC&pg=RA1PA256).p.256.ISBN978
1591841821.
Wilson,TracyV."HowStuffWorks"HowMotherboardsWork" "(http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard.htm).Computer.howstuffworks.com.RetrievedJuly29,2010.
IntelIntroducesSolidStateDrivesforNotebookandDesktopComputers(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2008/20080908comp.htm).Intel(September8,2008).
RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Intel'sX25MSolidStateDriveReviewed:Intel'sFirstFlashSSDReadyforVerticalTakeOff(http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/Intelx25mSSD,2012.html).Tomshardware
(September8,2008).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelX25MSSD:IntelDeliversOneoftheWorld'sFastestDrives(http://www.anandtech.com/show/2614).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
World,ThePC.(October26,2009)ThePCWorld100:BestProductsof2009(http://www.pcworld.com/article/174171/the_pc_world_100_best_products_of_2009.html).PCWorld.
IntelX25M(http://www.maximumpc.com/article/reviews/intel_x25m).MaximumPC(November17,2008).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelShipsEnterpriseClassSolidStateDrives(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2008/20081015comp.htm).Intel(October15,2008).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelX25MG2:DissectedandPerformancePreview(http://www.anandtech.com/show/2808).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Intel's3rdGenerationX25MSSDSpecsRevealed(http://www.anandtech.com/show/3965/intels3rdgenerationx25mssdspecsrevealed).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelDeliversIndustry'sFirst34NanometerNANDFlashSolidStateDrivesAdvancementLowersPricesbyUpto60Percent
(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2009/20090721comp.htm).Intel(July21,2009).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Intel,MicronIntroduce25NanometerNANDTheSmallest,MostAdvancedProcessTechnologyintheSemiconductorIndustry
(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100201comp.htm).Intel(February1,2010).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelBringsAffordableSolidStateComputingtoNetbooksandDesktopPCs(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2010/20100315comp.htm).Intel(March15,2010).
Intel'sSSD310:G2PerformanceinanmSATAFormFactor(http://www.anandtech.com/show/4078/intelsssd310g2performanceinanmsataformfactor).AnandTech.Retrieved
onJuly8,2011.
IntelNewsroom:NewsStories:NewIntelSolidStateDrive310SeriesOffersFullSSDPerformancein1/8ththeSize
(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2010/12/29/newintelsolidstatedrive310seriesoffersfullssdperformancein18ththesize).Newsroom.intel
(December29,2010).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelNewsroom:NewsStories:IntelAnnouncesNextinSolidStateDriveLineUp:IntelSSD510SeriesFeaturingSuperFast6GbpsSATAThroughput
(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2011/02/28/intelannouncesnextinsolidstatedrivelineupintelssd510seriesfeaturingsuperfast6gbpssata
throughput).Newsroom.intel(February28,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
TheIntelSSD510Review(http://www.anandtech.com/show/4202/theintelssd510review).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelNewsroom:NewsStories:IntelAnnouncesThirdGenerationSSD:IntelSolidStateDrive320Series
(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2011/03/28/intelannouncesthirdgenerationssdintelsolidstatedrive320series).Newsroom.intel(March28,2011).
TheIntelSSD320Review:25nmG3isFinallyHere(http://www.anandtech.com/show/4244/intelssd320review).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Intel&MicronAnnounceFirst20nmMLCNANDFlashforUseinSSDs(http://www.anandtech.com/show/4271/intelmicronannouncefirst20nmmlcnandflashforuseinssds).
AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
"IntelSSD520SeriesSolidStateDriveReview"(http://hothardware.com/Reviews/IntelSSD520SeriesSandforceBasedSolidStateDriveReview/).HotHardware.com.February6,
2012.RetrievedApril15,2012.
"NewIntelflashhardnessperformsfasterforless:330seriesSSDischeapaschips"(http://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/04/03/intel_330_ssd/).TheRegister.April3,2012.Retrieved
April15,2012.
"IntelSSD330listedwithSandForceandlowprice?"(http://www.nordichardware.com/news/86storage/45656intelssd330listedwithsandforceandlowprice.html).
NordicHardware.com.April5,2012.RetrievedApril15,2012.
Products(FormerlyEphraim)(http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?codeName=30284).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Miller,Ross."Intelunveils120GBX25MSSD,tinkerswith80GB/160GBmodelpricetags"(http://www.engadget.com/2010/11/13/intelunveils120gbx25mssdtinkerswith
80gb160gbmodelp).Engadget.RetrievedApril29,2012.
IntelSSDX25VSeries(40GB,2.5inSATA3Gbit/s,34nm,MLC)(http://ark.intel.com/Product.aspx?id=56607).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
"IntelSolidStateDrive310Series"(http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/productspecifications/ssd310specification.pdf)(PDF).Intel.February2011.
RetrievedMarch19,2014.
Products(FormerlySodaCreek)(http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?codeName=49053).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelSSD500FamilyFamily(http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?familyID=56572).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
Intel320Series300GBSATAIISSDReviewIntelMaintainsFocusOnSATAIISSDConsumerNeed(http://thessdreview.com/ourreviews/intel320series300gbsataiissd
reviewintelmaintainsfocusonsataiissdconsumerneed/).TheSSDReview(March28,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
IntelSSD300FamilyFamily(http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?familyID=56542).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
15/19
5/1/2015
109. IntelSSD300FamilyFamily(http://ark.intel.com/ProductCollection.aspx?familyID=56542).Intel.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
110. Inteldebuts311seriesSSD(http://hwlab.com/intelannouncedssd311series.html).hwlab(May16,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
111. "IntelSmartResponseTechnologyExplained"(http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/IntelSmartResponseTechnologyExplained/1292/2).HardwareSecrets.RetrievedJanuary8,
2013.
112. IntelSSD311(LarsonCreek):Z68Optimized:TheIntelZ68ExpressReview:ARealEnthusiastChipset(http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/intelz68expresssmartresponse
technologyssdcaching,29384.html).Tomshardware(May11,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
113. IntelSSD710and720SeriesSpecificationsRevealed(http://www.anandtech.com/show/4452/intel710and720ssdspecifications).AnandTech.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
114. Intel710and720seriesSSDspecsleaked(http://hwlab.com/intel710and720seriesssdspecsleaked.html).hwlab(June15,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
115. Vtt,Kristian."IntelSSD313SeriesLaunched"(http://www.anandtech.com/show/5721/intelssd313serieslaunched).AnandTech.com.RetrievedNovember4,2012.
116. "Intel910SeriesProductSpecification"(http://download.intel.com/newsroom/kits/ssd/pdfs/IntelSSD910Series_ProdSpec.pdf)(PDF).April2012.RetrievedApril23,2012.
117. Shimpi,Anand(April4,2012)."Intel'sSSD910:FinallyaPCIeSSDfromIntel"(http://www.anandtech.com/show/5743/intelsssd910400800gbmlchetpcieshippingin1h2012).
RetrievedApril23,2012.
118. "Intel335Specifications"(http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/productspecifications/ssd335specification.pdf)(PDF).RetrievedOctober29,2012.
119. Tokar,Les(October29,2012)."Intel335SeriesSSDReviewLowPriceandPerformanceThrough20nmMLCMemory"(http://thessdreview.com/ourreviews/intel335series
ssdreview20nmfabbringsperformanceandvalue/).RetrievedOctober29,2012.
120. "IntelSolidStateDriveDCS3700Series:Specification"(http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solidstatedrives/ssddcs3700spec.html).RetrievedDecember7,2012.
121. Ryan,Christopher."IntelDCS3700DataCenterSSDReview"(http://thessdreview.com/ourreviews/s3700/).RetrievedDecember7,2012.
122. Seah,Lennard(November24,2012)."IntelSSD525180GBmSATA"(http://vrzone.com/articles/intelssd525180gbmsataspeedygonzalesforsmallformfactors/18034.html).
RetrievedDecember3,2012.
123. "Products(FormerlyLincolnCrest)"(http://ark.intel.com/products/codename/60903/LincolnCrest).RetrievedMarch8,2013.
124. "IntelSolidStateDriveDCS3500Series:Specification"(http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solidstatedrives/ssddcs3500spec.html).RetrievedDecember7,2012.
125. "Products(FormerlyWolfsville)"(http://ark.intel.com/products/codename/58623/Wolfsville).RetrievedDecember7,2012.
126. "IntelSSD530SeriesProductBrief"(http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solidstatedrives/ssd530brief.html).July2013.RetrievedJuly24,2013.
127. brarunr(July2,2013)."IntelSSD530SeriesArrivesNextWeek"(http://www.techpowerup.com/186565/intelssd530seriesarrivesnextweek.html).RetrievedJuly24,2013.
128. "IntelSSDPro1500SeriesProductBrief"(http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/solidstatedrives/ssdpro1500seriesbrief.html).August2013.RetrievedSeptember9,2013.
129. Linden,Josh(September9,2013)."IntelPro1500SeriesHeadlinesNewIntelSSDProfessionalFamily"
(http://www.storagereview.com/intel_pro_1500_series_headlines_new_intel_ssd_professional_family).RetrievedSeptember9,2013.
130. Aharonovich,Amir(March28,2013)."InteltoReleaseNewEnterpriseandDatacenterSSDs"(http://www.storagelook.com/intelreleaseenterprisedatacenterssds/).StorageLook.
131. "IntelSSDRoadmapLeaks"(http://www.myce.com/news/intelssdroadmapleaksrevealstemplestarssdsandheatsinks69768/).MyCE.December4,2013.RetrievedDecember10,
2013.
132. Kirsch,Nathan(December5,2013)."IntelSSDRoadmapsLeaked"(http://www.legitreviews.com/intelssdroadmapsleakedshows2tb25inchssdcoming2014_130204).
LegitReviews.RetrievedDecember10,2013.
133. "Intel730JacksonRidge240GBSSDReview"(http://www.kitguru.net/components/ssddrives/zardon/intel730jacksonridge240gbssdreview/).KitGuru.RetrievedMarch6,2014.
134. "IntelNVMDataCenterSSDProductBrief"(http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/productbriefs/intelssddcfamilyforpciebrief.pdf)(PDF).Intel.
RetrievedJune10,2014.
135. "IntelSSDDCP3700Review:ThePCIeSSDTransitionBeginswithNVMe"(http://www.anandtech.com/show/8104/intelssddcp3700reviewthepciessdtransitionbeginswith
nvme).Anandtech.com.June3,2014.RetrievedJune10,2014.
136. Wilson,Gregory(1994)."TheHistoryoftheDevelopmentofParallelComputing"(http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Parallel.html).RetrievedNovember11,2010.
137. "iWarpProject"(http://www2.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/project/iwarp/archive/WWWpages/iwarp.html).CarnegieMellonUniversity.RetrievedNovember11,2010.
138. Shah,Agam(November17,2014),Intelturnstolightbeamstospeedupsupercomputers(http://www.computerworld.com/article/2848400/componentsprocessors/intelturnstolight
beamstospeedupsupercomputers.html),Computerworld
139. McCausland,Richard(May24,1993)."Counterpunch:Amx86buyersget'legalaid.'AdvancedMicroDevicesofferslegalaidtomanufacturesofAmx86basedmachineswarnedby
IntelCorp.totakeoutpatentlicenses"(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1964_v39/ai_13901771).FindArticles(LookSmartLtd.).RetrievedJuly12,2007.
140. "WorkerPleadsNotGuiltyinIntelSpyCase"(http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE7D81239F933A15753C1A963958260).TheNewYorkTimes.October20,1995.
141. "ExIntelEngineerSentencedtoPrisonTerm"(http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E01E0DE1239F936A15755C0A960958260).TheNewYorkTimes.June25,1996.
142. "ExIntelemployeepleadsguiltyGuillermoGaedepleadsguiltytostealingInteltradesecretsIndustryLegalIssue"
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n2109_v42/ai_18135525).findarticles.com(LookSmart,Ltd.).March25,1996.RetrievedJuly12,2007.
143. Jobs:NewIntelMacsare'screamers'(http://archive.is/20121205231533/http://news.cnet.com/Jobs+New+Intel+Macs+are+screamers/21007354_36025409.html)news.com
144. Bhagat,Nancy(July31,2007)."Views@IntelSprinterAd(Blogpost)"(http://blogs.intel.com/views/2007/07/sprinter_ad.html).blogs.intel.com.IntelCorporation.Retrieved
August9,2007.
145. MacDonald,Don."ApologiesfromIntelforSprinterAd"(http://raceshallslur.blogspot.com/2007/08/intelcoreduoadcontroversy.html).IntelCorporation.RetrievedAugust9,2007.
146. Lemon,Sumner."Intel'sClassmatePCEnrolls"(http://www.pcworld.com/article/132748/intels_classmate_pc_enrolls.html).PCWorld.RetrievedOctober21,2011.
147. "2011ExcellenceinDesignAwards"(http://www.appliancedesign.com/HTML/EID/59b1367daf848010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0).EIDAwards.ApplianceDesign.Retrieved
October21,2011.
148. "SparkAward2008"(http://www.sparkawards.com/Galleries/09_Entries.htm?appid=1948).SparkAwards.RetrievedOctober21,2011.
149. "iFdesignawardchina2008"(http://www.ifdesign.de/beitragsdetails_e.html?offset=19&sprache=1&award_id=161&beitrag_id=42577).InternationalDesignForumHanover.Retrieved
October21,2011.
150. CPUWorld."IntelmobileCPUstolaunchinJune2011(http://www.cpuworld.com/news_2011/2011061601_Intel_mobile_CPUs_to_launch_in_June_2011.html)."CPUWorld.June
16,2011.RetrievedJune20,2011.
151. JeffreyBurt,eWeek."IntelGainsChipMarketShareDuetoSandyBridge:IHSiSuppli(http://www.eweek.com/c/a/DesktopsandNotebooks/IntelGainsChipMarketShareDueto
SandyBridgeIHSiSuppli692064/)."September28,2011.RetrievedOctober7,2011.
152. BrookeCrothers,CNET."Intelmapsouttabletplansthrough2014(http://news.cnet.com/830113924_32007560264/intelmapsouttabletplansthrough2014/?
part=rss&subj=news&tag=25471_3020)."June30,2011.RetrievedJuly1,2011.
153. AgamShah,IDGNews."Intel'sNewSmartphoneChipIsKeyARMBattle(http://www.pcworld.com/article/229596/intels_new_smartphone_chip_is_key_arm_battle.html)."June7,
2011.RetrievedJuly8,2011.
154. WILLKNIGHT,TechnologyReview."IntelChasesaMorePowerEfficientFuture(http://www.technologyreview.com/energy/38578/?p1=A4)."September14,2011.Retrieved
September19,2011.
155. ChrisNuttall,FinancialTimes."IntelandGoogleformAndroidchipalliance(http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/544c33a8de3b11e09fb700144feabdc0.html#axzz1YRA3N2Dr)."
September13,2011.RetrievedSeptember19,2011.
156. AllGeek."InteltoOfficiallySupportAndroid2.3GingerbreadbyJanuary2012(http://www.allgeek.tv/2011/09/12/inteltoofficiallysupportandroid23gingerbreadbyjanuary
2012/)."September12,2011.RetrievedSeptember19,2011.
157. JamesNiccolai,IDGNews."IntelAddsSensorstoAidDataCenterCooling
(http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/235282/intel_adds_sensors_to_aid_data_center_cooling.html)."PCWorld.July8,2011.RetrievedJuly8,2011.
158. RickMerritt,EETimes."Inteldescribes22nmIvyBridgeCPUs(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4227214/Inteldescribes22nmIvyBridgeCPUs)."September13,2011.
159. PeterSayer,IDGNews."IntelHopesPOEMWillEncourageOfficeStafftoSaveEnergy
(http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/234916/intel_hopes_poem_will_encourage_office_staff_to_save_energy.html)."PCWorld.July8,2011.RetrievedJuly8,2011.
160. RaduTyrsina,MobileMag."Intelworkingonstreamingvideocaralarmsystems(http://www.mobilemag.com/2011/08/02/intelworkingonstreamingvideocaralarmsystems/)."
August2,2011.RetrievedAugust2,2011.
161. Clark,Jack(November22,2013)."Chipzillacouldn'tkeepupwithARMdominatedmobeworld"(http://www.channelregister.co.uk/2013/11/22/intel_end_of_wintel/).
channelregister.co.uk.TheRegister.RetrievedDecember3,2013.
162. Hargreaves,Steve(January17,2014)."Inteltocutover5,000jobs"(http://money.cnn.com/2014/01/17/technology/inteljobs/).cnn.com.CNNMoney.RetrievedJanuary17,2014.
163. "HowIntelisbuyingapieceofthetabletmarket"(http://www.pcworld.com/article/2089421/howintelisbuyingapieceofthetabletmarket.html).www.pcworld.com.PCWorld.
16/19
5/1/2015
163. "HowIntelisbuyingapieceofthetabletmarket"(http://www.pcworld.com/article/2089421/howintelisbuyingapieceofthetabletmarket.html).www.pcworld.com.PCWorld.
January17,2014.RetrievedJanuary17,2014.
164. Karimzadeh,Marc(January7,2014)."IntelMakingFashionPushIntoWearableTechnology"(http://www.wwd.com/fashionnews/fashionscoops/techtowear7335247).WWD.
RetrievedJanuary13,2014.
165. DanNystedt(February24,2009)."HPOvertakesDellasIntel'sLargestCustomer"(http://www.pcworld.com/article/160080/hp_overtakes_dell_as_intels_largest_customer.html).PC
World.RetrievedFebruary24,2009.
166. "IntelAnnouncesManagementChanges"(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2012/01/20/intelannouncesmanagementchanges)(Pressrelease).Intel.January
20,2012.RetrievedDecember25,2012.
167. TerrenceO'Brien(November19,2012)."IntelCEOPaulOtellinitostepdowninMay,leavesalegacyofx86dominance"(http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/19/intelceopaulotellini
tostepdowninmay/).Engadget.AOLInc.RetrievedMay16,2013.
168. PeterKastner(May6,2013)."OntheImpactofPaulOtellini'sCEOYearsatIntel"(http://techpinions.com/ontheimpactofpaulotellinisceoyearsatintel/15800).Tech.pinions.
Tech.pinions.RetrievedMay16,2013.
169. ALEXISC.MADRIGAL(May16,2013)."PaulOtellini'sIntel:CantheCompanyThatBuilttheFutureSurviveIt?"(http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/05/canthe
companythatbuiltthefuturesurviveit/275825/).TheAtlanticMonthly.TheAtlanticMediaGroup.RetrievedMay16,2013.
170. "IntelBoardElectsBrianKrzanichasCEO"(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2013/05/02/intelboardelectsbriankrzanichasceo)(Pressrelease).Intel.
RetrievedMay4,2013.
171. DONCLARKJOANNS.LUBLIN(May2,2013)."Intel'sCEOPickIsPredictable,butNotItsNo.2"
(http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324766604578458650267324178.html#articleTabs%3Dvideo).TheWallStreetJournal.RetrievedMay16,2013.
172. TomForemski(May1,2013)."MeetIntel'sKingMakersATrulyExemplaryBoardOfDirectors"
(http://www.siliconvalleywatcher.com/mt/archives/2013/05/meet_intels_king_make.php).SiliconValleyWatcher.TomForemski.RetrievedMay16,2013.
173. "Intelsuponeel4,9porcientodelPIBdeCostaRica"(http://eleconomista.es/empresasfinanzas/noticias/81837/10/06/Intelsuponeel49porcientodelPIBdeCostaRica.html)(in
Spanish).ElEconomista.October6,2006.RetrievedApril13,2008.
174. Rogoway,Mike(October24,2012)."Intelmakesabetonthefuture,andOregon,withmassiveHillsboroexpansion"(http://www.oregonlive.com/silicon
forest/index.ssf/2012/10/intel_makes_a_bet_on_oregon_an.html).TheOregonian(Portland,Oregon).RetrievedOctober7,2013.
175. Suh,Elizabeth(October28,2007).HomeofOregon'slargestemployerandmuchmore.
(http://www.oregonlive.com/special/oregonian/index.ssf?/base/news/1192589730189230.xml&coll=7)TheOregonian.
176. Madslholm,semiaccurate."Intel:Chinesemicroprocessordevelopmentinefficient(http://semiaccurate.com/2011/06/13/intelchinesemicroprocessordevelopmentinefficient/)."June
13,2011.RetrievedJune20,2011.
177. PeterClarke,EETimes."IsraeloffersIntel$290millionforexpansion(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4218253/IsraelIntelgrantexpand)."July27,2011.RetrievedJuly27,
2011.
178. "Inteltocutmorethan5,000employees"(http://venturebeat.com/2014/01/17/inteltocutmorethan5000employees/#!).VentureBeat.January18,2014.
179. IsraelBizRegIsraelCompanyProfiles."Inteltoinvest$6billioninIsraelinunprecedenteddeal(https://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/intelinvest6billionisraelunprecedented
deal)."May8,2014.RetrievedSeptember11,2014.
180. "JobsatIntelDiversity"(http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/index.htm).IntelCorporation.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
181. IntelGay,Lesbian,BisexualorTransgenderEmployeesHomePage(http://www.intelglbt.org/).Intelglbt.org(July16,2008).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
182. "JobsatIntelDiversity,EmployeeGroups(IntelMuslimEmployeeGroup)"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20060624003954/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13).IntelCorporation.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=13)onJune24,2006.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
183. "JobsatIntelDiversity,EmployeeGroups(IntelJewishCommunity)"(https://web.archive.org/web/20080202081009/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?
grp=11).IntelCorporation.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=11)onFebruary2,2008.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
184. "JobsatIntelDiversity,EmployeeGroups(IntelBibleBasedChristianNetwork)"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20070311222133/http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7).IntelCorporation.Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://www.intel.com/jobs/diversity/people/emplgroups.htm?grp=7)onMarch11,2007.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
185. IntelBibleBasedChristianNetwork(IBCN)website(http://ibcn.org/).IBCN(April8,2011).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
186. Inteltoinvest$300millionintech,gamediversity(http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/233716/Intel_to_invest_300_million_in_tech_game_diversity.php).Graft,Kris.Gamasutra.
January7,2015
187. IntelAnnounces$300MillionTechDiversityInitiative(http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2474749,00.asp).Moscaritolo,Angela.PCMagazine.January7,2015
188. IntelCEOOutlinesFutureofComputing(http://newsroom.intel.com/community/intel_newsroom/blog/2015/01/06/intelceooutlinesfutureofcomputing).Intel,January6,2015
189. NickWingfield,"IntelBudgets$300MillionforDiversity(http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/07/technology/intelbudgets300millionfordiversity.html)",TheNewYorkTimes
190. Intelannouncesfundforgreatertechdiversity(http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/201501/07/inteldiversity).Kamen,Matt.WiredUK,January7,2015
191. Eckert,Kurt."IntelBoostsCounty,StateEconomies."HillsboroArgus.October18,2011.http://www.oregonlive.com/argus/index.ssf/2011/10/intel_boosts_county_state_econ.html
192. ECONorthwest."EconomicImpactsofIntel'sOregonOperations,2009."PreparedforIntel.October2011.
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/reports/inteloregoneconomicimpactreport.pdf
193. "WirelesscompanydumpsRioRancho"(http://www.usatoday.com/tech/wireless/data/20040818usurfdumpsriorancho_x.htm).USAToday.August18,2004.Retrieved
February28,2009.
194. "RIORANCHOschooldistrict"(http://www.riorancho.com/rrsch.html).Riorancho.com.RetrievedJuly29,2010.
195. "IntelinYourCommunityNewMexicoNewsRoom"(http://www.intel.com/community/newmexico/media.htm).IntelCorporation.RetrievedJuly29,2010.
196. RickMerritt,EETimes."IntelCapitallaunches$300Multrabookfund(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4218699/IntelCapitallaunches300Multrabookfund)."August10,2011.
RetrievedAugust11,2011.
197. JeffreyBurt,eWeek."IntelUltrabookPartnersLookforCutinChipPrices:Report(http://www.eweek.com/c/a/MobileandWireless/IntelUltrabookPartnersLookforCutinChip
PricesReport830199/)."September20,2011.RetrievedSeptember28,2011.
198. RickMerritt,EETimes."Intelshowsprogressonultrabookvision(http://eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4227333/Intelshowsprogressonultrabookvision)."September14,2011.
199. Shilov,Anton."IntelReadies"IvyBridge"Processorswith7W13WPowerConsumption."
(http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20121205221523_Intel_Readies_Ivy_Bridge_Processors_with_10W_and_13W_Thermal_Design_Power.html).Xbitlabs.Retrieved
February19,2013.
200. AaronLee&JosephTsai,DIGITIMES."InteldownstreampartnersrequestCPUpricedrop(http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20110919PD214.html)."September20,2011.Retrieved
September28,2011.
201. Hruska,Joel.(July15,2008)IntelpostsrecordbreakingQ2earnings(http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20080715intelpostsrecordbreakingq2earnings.html).Arstechnica.com.
202. "IntelInsideProgram:AnatomyofaBrandCampaign"(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/intel_inside.htm).IntelCorporation.RetrievedJuly22,2011.
203. {http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=29096
204. Elliott,Stuart(August24,1994)."IntelplansahugefallcampaignforPentium,itslatestandmostpowerfulcomputerchip."(http://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/24/business/media
businessadvertisingintelplanshugefallcampaignforpentiumitslatest.html).TheNewYorkTimes.
205. "Intelmullsbrandingforhandheldchips"(http://news.cnet.com/Intelmullsbrandingforhandheldchips/21001041_31014468.html).
206. Elliott,Stuart(October11,2007)." 'Intelinside'adcampaignshiftsfocustotheWeb"(http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/10/11/business/adco.php?WT.mc_id=atomtechnology).
InternationalHeraldTribune.RetrievedOctober12,2007.
207. "Intel2010AnnualReport"(http://www.intc.com/intelAR2010/financial/statements/note2/).Intel.2010.RetrievedJuly23,2011.
208. PaulMorley(October19,2003)."Bootmeup,Dessie"(http://observer.guardian.co.uk/print/0,3858,4774366111639,00.html).TheObserver(UK).RetrievedJanuary17,2009.
209. Shah,Agam."Intel'sChipRenamingStrategyMeetsResistance"(http://www.pcworld.com/article/166973/intels_chip_renaming_strategy_meets_resistance.html).PCWorld.Retrieved
June22,2009.
210. Hachman,Mark(June17,2009)."IntelSimplifyingitsProcessorBranding"(http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2348923,00.asp).PCMagazine.RetrievedJuly6,2009.
211. AntonShilov,XBitLabs."IntelQuietlyStartstoSellNew"Unlocked"Corei7Chip
(http://www.xbitlabs.com/news/cpu/display/20111024150841_Intel_Quietly_Starts_to_Sell_New_Unlocked_Core_i7_Chip.html)."October24,2011.RetrievedOctober26,2011.
212. "01.org"(https://01.org/zh/about).01.org.RetrievedNovember26,2014.
213. "FreeBSDKernelInterfacesManual"(http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=em).freebsd.org.TheFreeBSDProject.November27,2005.RetrievedAugust5,2007.
214. IntelCorporation.OpenBSD,ed."if_em.c(IntelPRO/100010/100/GigabitEthernetdevice)"(http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/pci/if_em.c).BSDCrossReference,OpenBSD
17/19
5/1/2015
214. IntelCorporation.OpenBSD,ed."if_em.c(IntelPRO/100010/100/GigabitEthernetdevice)"(http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/pci/if_em.c).BSDCrossReference,OpenBSD
src/sys/dev/pci/.
215. "fxp/fxplicense"(http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/sys/dev/microcode/fxp/fxplicense).BSDCrossReference,OpenBSDsrc/sys/dev/microcode/.
216. About(http://www.lesswatts.org/about.php).Lesswatts.org.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
217. Varghese,Sam(March1,2005)."OpenBSDtosupportmorewirelesschipsets"(http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2005/03/01/1109546842718.html).TheAge(Melbourne,Australia:
TheAgeCompanyLtd).RetrievedAugust5,2007.
218. Robertson,Michael(March19,2003)."IsIntel's"Centrino"TechnoLatinfor"NoLinux?" "(http://www.michaelrobertson.com/archive.php?minute_id=56).michaelrobertson.com.
219. deRaadt,Theo(September30,2006)."Intel:Only"Open"forBusiness"(http://www.undeadly.org/cgi?action=article&sid=20060930232710&mode=expanded).OpenBSDJournal.
220. "ipw.4IntelPRO/Wireless2100IEEE802.11bwirelessnetworkdevice,ShFILES"(http://bxr.su/OpenBSD/share/man/man4/ipw.4#92).BSDCrossReference,OpenBSD
share/man/man4/.February15,2014.RetrievedDecember28,2014."ThesefirmwarefilesarenotfreebecauseIntelrefusestograntdistributionrightswithoutcontractualobligations.
Asaresult,eventhoughOpenBSDincludesthedriver,thefirmwarefilescannotbeincludedandusershavetofindthesefilesontheirown.Theofficialpersontostateyourviewsto
aboutthisissueismajid.awad@intel.com."Seealso:ipw(http://mdoc.su/o/ipw.4),iwi(http://mdoc.su/o/iwi.4),wpi(http://mdoc.su/o/wpi.4)andiwn(http://mdoc.su/o/iwn.4).
221. "CorralesComment"(http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=717&Itemid=2).corralescomment.com.
222. CorralesComment11/25/2006IntelPollutionUnresolved(http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=594&Itemid=2).
223. CorralesComment:IntelPollutionControlShutDownProbed(http://www.corralescomment.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=616&Itemid=2)
224. IntelCorporateResponsibilityReport(http://www.intel.com/intel/cr/gcr/overview.htm?iid=intel_corp+rhc_visit_report).Intel.com.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
225. Lezhnev,SashaAlexHellmuth(Aug2012)."TakingConflictOutofConsumerGadgets:CompanyRankingsonConflictMinerals2012"
(http://www.enoughproject.org/files/CorporateRankings2012.pdf)(PDF).EnoughProject.RetrievedAugust17,2012.
226. Miller,Joe(January7,2014)."Intelvowstostopusing'conflictminerals'innewchips"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology25636001).www.bbc.co.uk.TheBBC.Retrieved
January7,2014.
227. " 'Sabbath'protesttargetsIntel"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8360429.stm).BBCNews.November14,2009.RetrievedMarch31,2010.
228. "IntelSuedforDiscrimination",PittsburghPostGazette,January30,1993,B12.
229. Alster,Norm,(December7,1998)."Techiescomplainofagebiases"(http://www.programmersguild.org/archives/lib/agediscimination/upm19981207older.htm),UpsideMagazine.
230. Weinberg,Neal(September14,1998)."HelpWanted:Olderworkersneednotapply"(http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9809/14/tooold.idg/index.html).CNNRetrievedonJuly
8,2011.
231. Goodin,Dan(April28,1999)"CourtblocksformerIntelemployee'sspam"(http://news.cnet.com/CourtblocksformerIntelemployeesspam/21001023_3225092.html).CNET
News.RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
232. "10brandsyou'llhavetogiveupifyou'reboycottingIsrael"(http://www.csmonitor.com/World/2014/0130/10brandsyoullhavetogiveupifyoureboycottingIsrael/Intel).
ChristianScienceMonitor.August5,2014.RetrievedAugust5,2014.
233. Fried,Ian(April4,2001)."Intel,AMDsignnewlicensingdeal"(http://archive.is/9iBs).news.cnet.com(CNETNetworks,Inc).Archivedfromtheoriginal
(http://news.cnet.com/21001040257059.html)onDecember16,2012.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
234. "PatentCrossLicenseAgreementAdvancedMicroDevicesInc.andIntelCorp."(http://contracts.corporate.findlaw.com/agreements/amd/intel.license.2001.01.01.html).Findlaws,
Inc.RetrievedSeptember15,2007.
235. Lohr,Steve."Intel'sProfitFalls25%WithDeclineinChipSales"(http://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/17/technology/intelprofitsfallaspcslumpcutsdemandforchips.html?_r=0).
TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedApril17,2013.
236. Morgan,Timothy."ARMHoldingseagerforPCandserverexpansion"(http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/02/01/arm_holdings_q4_2010_numbers/).TheRegister.RetrievedApril17,
2013.
237. "IntelFilesResponseToAMDComplaint"(https://web.archive.org/web/20060624004033/http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm).IntelCorporation
(Pressrelease).September1,2005.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/20050901corp.htm)onJune24,2006.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
238. Whelan,David(September2,2005)."Intel'sLegalStrategyTakesShape"(http://www.forbes.com/technology/2005/09/02/intelamdantitrustcz_dw_0902intel.html).Forbes.
239. "AMD,IntelBattleWagesOnAsEUDecisionNears"(https://web.archive.org/web/20080216022410/http://www.amd.com/us
en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf)(PDF).AMD.PortfolioMedia,Inc.March20,2006.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://www.amd.com/us
en/assets/content_type/DownloadableAssets/AMD_Intel_Battle.pdf)(PDF)onFebruary16,2008.RetrievedJanuary7,2008.
240. Krazit,Tom(September1,2005)."Update:IntelissuesformalresponsetoAMD'santitrustlawsuit"(http://www.infoworld.com/article/05/09/01/HNintelresponse_1.html).
infoworld.com(IDGNewsService).RetrievedJanuary7,2008.
241. "Intel,AMDLawsuitPushedOffto2010"(http://www.eweek.com/c/a/DesktopsandNotebooks/IntelAMDLawsuitPushedOffto2010/).eWeek.RetrievedJune12,2008.
242. Shankland,Stephen(November12,2009)."WhatInteljustboughtfor$1.25billion:Lessrisk"(http://news.cnet.com/830113578_31039679838.html).CNETNews.Retrieved
July29,2010.
243. "TransmetaAnnouncesPatentInfringementLawsuitAgainstIntelCorporation"(https://web.archive.org/web/20070501122930/http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?
ReleaseID=214275).investor.transmeta.com(Pressrelease)(TransmetaCorporation).October11,2006.Archivedfromtheoriginal(http://investor.transmeta.com/ReleaseDetail.cfm?
ReleaseID=214275)onMay1,2007.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
244. "TransmetasettlespatentsuitwithIntel"(http://www.reuters.com/article/technologymediatelcoSP/idUSWNAS782620071024).Reuters.October24,2007.RetrievedOctober25,
2007.
245. "AMDandIntelAnnounceSettlementofAllAntitrustandIPDisputes"(http://www.intel.com/pressroom/archive/releases/2009/20091112corp_a.htm?cid=rss90004c1245235).Intel
Corporation.RetrievedJuly29,2010.
246. "AMDandIntelAnnounceSettlementofAllAntitrustandIPDisputes"(http://www.amd.com/us/pressreleases/Pages/amdpressrelease2009nov12.aspx).Amd.com.Retrieved
July29,2010.
247. BillSinger(November19,2012)."AfterApple,Google,Adobe,Intel,Pixar,AndIntuit,AntitrustEmploymentChargesHiteBay"
(http://www.forbes.com/sites/billsinger/2012/11/19/afterapplegoogleadobepixargoogleandintuitantitrustemploymentchargeshitebay/).Forbes.
248. "Apple,Googleagreetosettlelawsuitalleginghiring,salaryconspiracy"(http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/applegoogleagreetosettlelawsuitalleginghiring
salaryconspiracy/2014/04/24/56f1bb32cbff11e395f77ecdde72d2ea_story.html?tid=hpModule_a2e19bf486a311e29d71f0feafdd1394).WashingtonPost.
249. "EUfilesnewcompetitionchargesagainstIntel"(http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718?pageNumber=3&virtualBrandChannel=0).Reuters.July17,
2008.
250. EuropefilesmoreantitrustcomplaintsagainstIntelMarketWatch(http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/europefilesmoreantitrustcomplaints/story.aspx?guid={6B204911
970B468B9E4009787DDB4345}&dist=msr_4).Marketwatch(July17,2008).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
251. Predatorypricingoroldfashionedcompetition?(http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/06/20/business/wbjoe21.php).InternationalHeraldTribune(March29,2009).RetrievedonJuly8,
2011.
252. "InteltoabidebyJapanFTCrecommendations"(http://news.cnet.com/InteltoabidebyJapanFTCrecommendations/21001014_35649589.html).CNETNews.RetrievedonJuly8,
2011.
253. "Competition:CommissionconfirmssendingofStatementofObjectionstoIntel"(http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/314&).Europa(webportal).
July27,2007.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
254. Lawsky,David(July27,2007)."UPDATE4EUsaysInteltriedtosqueezeoutAdvancedMicroDevices"
(http://www.reuters.com/article/governmentFilingsNews/idUSL2783620520070727?sp=true).Reuters.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
255. Lawsky,David(July27,2007)."IntelsaysEUmadeerrorsinantitrustcharges"(http://www.reuters.com/article/technologymediatelcoSP/idUSL2788098920070727?sp=true).
Reuters.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
256. "EUregulatorraidsInteloffices"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7241022.stm).BBCNews.February12,2008.RetrievedFebruary12,2008.
257. "EUoutlinesIntel'marketabuse' "(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6918975.stm).BBCNews.July27,2007.RetrievedJuly28,2007.
258. Clarke,Peter(August8,2007)."AMDsetsupwebsitetotell"thetruthaboutIntel" "(http://www.eetimes.com/news/latest/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=201303681).eetimes.com
(CMPMediaLLC).RetrievedAugust9,2007.
259. "AMDBreakFree"(http://breakfree.amd.com/enus/default.aspx).breakfree.amd.com.AdvancedMicroDevices,Inc.July31,2007.RetrievedAugust9,2007.
260. Harrison,Pete(July17,2008)."EUfilesnewcompetitionchargesagainstIntel"(http://uk.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idUKL1730607220080718).Reuters.Retrieved
September10,2008.
18/19
5/1/2015
261.
262.
263.
264.
265.
266.
267.
268.
269.
270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
September10,2008.
"TheChipsAreDown:Intel's$1.45billionFine"(http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1897913,00.html).TIME.May13,2009.RetrievedMay13,2009.
"Antitrust:Commissionimposesfineof1.06bnonIntelforabuseofdominantpositionordersInteltoceaseillegalpractices",reference:IP/09/745,date:May13,2009
(http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/745&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en).Europa.eu(May13,2009).RetrievedonJuly8,2011.
NeelieKroes,"CommissiontakesantitrustactionagainstIntel",introductoryremarksatpressconference,Brussels,May13,2009(http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?
reference=SPEECH/09/241&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en)
"IntelfacingantitrustcomplaintinKorea"(http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/09/11/business/chip.php?WT.mc_id=atomtechnology).InternationalHeraldTribune.TheAssociated
Press.September11,2007.RetrievedSeptember13,2007.
Pimentel,Benjamin(June5,2008)."Intelfined$25.5millionbySouthKorea"(http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/intelfined255millionsouth/story.aspx?guid={5E548C55
0A5947BA891096F61A8C23E0}&dist=msr_2).marketwatch.com(MarketWatch).RetrievedJuly5,2008.
Confessore,Nicholas(January10,2008)."IntelGetsNewYorkSubpoenainAntitrustInquiry"(http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/10/technology/10cndchip.html?
_r=4&ref=technology&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin&oref=slogin).TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedMay5,2010.
Labaton,Stephen(June7,2008)."InTurnabout,AntitrustUnitLooksatIntel"(http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/07/technology/07chip.html?
_r=1&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&oref=slogin).TheNewYorkTimes.RetrievedDecember31,2008.
"FTCChallengesIntel'sDominanceofWorldwideMicroprocessorMarkets"(http://ftc.gov/opa/2009/12/intel.shtm).Ftc.gov.December16,2009.RetrievedJuly29,2010.
[2](http://online.wsj.com/article/BTCO20091217712217.html)
"UnitedStatesofAmericaBeforeTheFederalTradeCommission"(http://www.ftc.gov/os/adjpro/d9341/091216intelcmpt.pdf)(PDF).FTC.RetrievedJanuary8,2013.
King,Ian(December16,2009)."FTCWantsInteltoRepent,NotPayUp"(http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091216_885383.htm).BusinessWeek.
"Intelinthreatsandbriberysuit"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/8343179.stm).BBCNews.November4,2009.RetrievedDecember18,2009.
"SECChargesDellandSeniorExecutiveswithDisclosureandAccountingFraud"(http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2010/2010131.htm).
Gibb,Gordon(July24,2010)."DellAgreesto$100inPenaltiestoSettleSECAccountingFraudCharges"(http://www.lawyersandsettlements.com/articles/14615/businessfraud
unfairaccountingdell.html).LawyersandSettlements.com.RetrievedJuly25,2010.
Krantz,MattSwartz,Jon(July24,2010)."DellsettlesSECchargesoffraudulentaccounting"(http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/20100722dellsec
settlement_N.htm).USAToday.RetrievedJuly25,2010.
Reed,Kevin(July23,2010)."Dellpays$100mpenaltytosettleaccountingfraudcharges"(http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dellpays100mpenalty
settle).AccountancyAge.RetrievedJuly25,2010.
DylanMcGrath,EETimes."IDCcutsPCmicroprocessorforecast(http://www.eetimes.com/electronicsnews/4218438/IDCcutsPCmicroprocessorforecast)."August2,2011.
AgamShah,IDGNews."IDCReducesYearlyProcessorShipmentGrowthForecast
(http://www.pcworld.com/article/237068/idc_reduces_yearly_processor_shipment_growth_forecast.html)."August1,2011.RetrievedAugust2,2011.
PassMarkCPUBenchmarksAMDversusIntelmarketshare"[3](http://www.cpubenchmark.net/market_share.html)"
Externallinks
Intel(https://www.dmoz.org/Computers/Companies/Product_Support/Intel)atDMOZ
Intelofficialwebsite(http://www.intel.com/)
IntelDeveloperZone(http://software.intel.com/)
WikimediaCommonshas
mediarelatedtoIntel.
BusinessdataforINTELCORP.:Hoover's(http://www.hoovers.com/companyinformation/cs/companyprofile.Intel_Corporation.b4f2f5cfd938b4ec.html)
Reuters(http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview?symbol=INTC)SECfilings(https://www.sec.gov/cgibin/browseedgar?
action=getcompany&CIK=50863)
Retrievedfrom"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intel&oldid=660153927"
Categories: Intelmicroprocessors CompaniesintheNASDAQ100Index IntelCorporation 1968establishmentsinCalifornia Americanbrands
CompaniesbasedinSantaClara,California Companiesestablishedin1968 CompaniesintheDowJonesIndustrialAverage CompanieslistedonNASDAQ
ComputercompaniesoftheUnitedStates Computerhardwarecompanies Foundrysemiconductorcompanies Mobilephonemanufacturers
Motherboardcompanies MultinationalcompaniesheadquarteredintheUnitedStates Netbookmanufacturers Semiconductorcompanies
SuperfundsitesinCalifornia TechnologycompaniesbasedintheSanFranciscoBayArea
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon1May2015,at00:33.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseand
PrivacyPolicy.WikipediaisaregisteredtrademarkoftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.
19/19

History of Intel

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

History of Intel

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

5/1/2015

Headquarters SantaClara,California, U.S. [1]

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen