University of the Philippines - Diliman

Hydropower Site
Assessment
EgyE 205 Energy Engineering Laboratory

Chito C. Montebon
10/3/2011

Submitted to:
Prof. Enrico Paringit

I.

Experiment Objectives
1. To enable students identify potential sites for hydropower development and determine
its characteristics
2. To be able to compute

II.

Materials Used
1. Topographic map containing the potential hydropower site
2. Pencils and rulers
3. Calculators or spreadsheets

III.

Results and Discussions

1.
a. Watershed Shape, Size and Area

1 grid

0.5 grid

1 grid

1 grid

1 grid

1 grid = 100 hectare

Approximate Total Watershed Area = (0.5 + 1+1+1+1)*100 hectare = 450 hectare

b. Shape, size, area and volume of the reservoir filled at 900m maximum elevation
Top View of the Reservoir Area:

W
52

1 hectare = 10,000 m2
Reservoir Area = 358,343/10,000
= 36 hectare

L = 523 m

Cross-section of the dam:

523 m
m

900 m

720 m

Sea Level

Depth

L
W

Area 2
Area 1

Volume = (Area 1 + Area 2)*W

Area of parabola

From geometry, Area of a parabola = 4/3 *x*y

Therefore, area in the parabolic side of the dam can be modelled to:
Area = k*L*D
But because computed area of the dam is 43,538 m2, k can be calculated and it is
assumed constant.
43,538 = k*523*180
k = 0.46248
Therefore,
Area = 0.46248*L*D
And
Volume = (Area 1 + Area 2)*W

Volume of the reservoir = 19,149,409 m3

c. Total Power Generated
E = watergHutilVreservoir
Where
= hydraulic efficiency of turbine
g = acceleration due to gravity
Hutil = effective head of water

Vreservoir = volume of the reservoir

Dam

900 m
20 m
820 m

Sea Level
= 90%
g = 9.81 m/s2
Hutil = 20 + (900 820) = 100 m
Vreservoir = 19,149,409 m3
E = 19,668 GJ
2. Rainfall in Baguio City = 2200 mm/yr
Evapotranspiration = 5 mm/day
Total water available = 2200 mm/yr - 5 mm/day *(365 day/yr) = 375 mm/yr
Evapotranspiration in a month = 5 mm/day *(30 day/month) = 150 mm/month.

From the above table, it shows that the reservoir is full until October since the rainfall is
greater than the evapotranspiration rate if no water is to be discharge in the pipe. It can be
assumed that after the month of October (assumed to be the start of operation of the
powerplant), the reservoir gradually losses water because the evapotranspiration now is
greater. The driest month in the year is February, however, the reservoir continually loses water
until the month of April since the rainfall is still small compared to the evapotranspiration.

Water left in reservoir = Water Volume in Reservoir (Water Evaporated +Water Discharged) + Rainfall
= 19,149,409 5 x 6 x 30 x 358,343 + [(62.5/1000) + (12.5/1000) +
(12.5/1000) + (6.25/1000) + (18.75/1000) + (62.5/1000)] x 358,343
= 18,889,610 m3

3. Total Power Available for the Year

P = watergqwaterhutil
q = Apipevwater
P = waterg Apipevwater hutil

datum

Dam

900 m
20 m
820 m

Sea Level

From the mechanical head balance in the pipe from point 1 to point 2,
z1g + v12/2 + P1/g + Wturbine/m = z2g + v22/2 + P2/g + F
z1g + v12/2 + P1/g + Wturbine/Av2 = z2g + v22/2 + P2/g + F
F which is the head loss due to pipe friction may be neglected by assuming smooth
penstock.
P1 = P2 because it is open to surroundings
v1 can also be neglected because the dam level is almost constant
z1 is zero because the reference is at the dam water surface

The equation reduces to

Wturbine/Av2 = z2g + v22/2
But Wturbine is,
W = P = waterg Apipevwater hutil
Rearranging to get the equation for velocity,
v = W/ g Ah
Substituting the velocity equation and bringing down the subscripts of the equation
gives,
W/(A (W/ g Ah)) = z2g + (W/ g Ah) 2/2
Simplifying it gives,
W = g Ah (2gh( 1))0.5
For,
= 90%
= 1000 kg/m3
g = 9.81 m/s2
A = D2/4 = (1)2/4 = 0.7854 m2
h = -100 m
W = P = 9,712,944.333 watts
P = 9.7 MW