CDA definition simply jak siema

What this means is that critical discourse analysts:

1.

Offer interpretations of the meanings of texts

rather than just quantifying textual features and
deriving meaning from this;

2.

Situate what is written or said in the context in

which it occurs, rather than just summarizing
patterns or regularities in texts;

3.

Argue that textual meaning is constructed

through an interaction between producer, text and
consumer rather than simply being read off the
page by all readers in exactly the same way.

Content and context

Berelson (1952) offered a definition that has
subsequently been widely adopted as the definitive
description of quantitative content analysis:
1.

Content analysis is a research technique for the

objective, systematic and quantitative description
of the manifest content of communication. (p. 263)

2.

Berelson provides a specific description of the

content that he believes should be the focus of
this objective and systematic quantification of
communication;

3.

Strictly speaking, content analysis proceeds in

terms of what-is-said, and not in terms of why-thecontent-is-like-that (e.g. motives) or how-peoplereact (e.g. appeals or responses)

In response, CDA seeks to have an effect on social

practice and social relationships (Titscher et al., 2000:
147), particularly on relationships of disempowerment,
dominance, prejudice and/or discrimination.

 Titscher et al. (2000), using the work of Wodak (1996),

summaries the general principles of CDA as follows:
1. CDA is concerned with social problems. It is not concerned
with language or language use per se, but with the linguistic
character of social and cultural processes and structures.
2. Power-relations have to do with discourse, and CDA studies
both power in discourse and power over discourse.
3. Society and culture are dialectically related to discourse:
society and culture are shaped by discourse, and at the same
time constitute discourse. Every single instance of language
use reproduces or transforms society and culture, including
power relations
4. Language use may be ideological. To determine this it is
necessary to analyze texts to investigate their interpretation,
reception and social effects.
5. Discourses are historical and can only be understood in
relation to their context. At a metatheoretical level this
corresponds to the approach of Wittgenstein, according to
which the meaning of an utterance rests in its usage in a
specific situation.
6. Discourse analysis is interpretative and explanatory. Critical
analysis implies a systematic methodology and a relationship
between the text and its social conditions, ideologies and
power relations.

 Faircloughs method of critical discourse analysis

CDA means the analysis of relationships between

concrete language use and the wider social cultural
structures. He attributes three dimensions to every
discursive event. It is
1.
2.

Simultaneously text
Discursive practice which also includes the
production and interpretation of texts
3. Social practice
The analysis is conducted according to these three
dimensions.

When a text is consumed, this is done by readers who

have perspectives, agendas and background
knowledge that may differ radically from that encoded
in the text. Hence, the reader of a newspaper may
resist, subtly counter or directly misunderstand the
encoded meaning of the report.