COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS & NETWORKING

EMM 5704
Section 2
GROUP 3

The first thing to consider about a network is its physical shape, or the design layout, which will be extremely
important when you select a wiring scheme and design the wiring for a new installation.

Network really has two shapes, or two types of topology; one is physical and the other is logical. The physical
topology is the shape you can see, and the logical topology is the shape that the data travels in.

Network Topologies

Bus networks:
In bus topologies, all computers are connected to a single cable or "trunk or backbone",
by a transceiver either directly or by using a short drop cable. All ends of the cable must
be terminated, that is plugged into a device such as a computer or terminator. Most bus
topologies use coax cables.

Advantages
Inexpensive: Does not require additional hardware to interconnect the attached
devices
Easy to Install: Coax cable is durable and performs well in harsh environments.
Initially less expensive than other topologies
Requires less cable length than a star topology
Disadvantages
Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable
Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down
Low security (all computers on the bus can see all data transmissions)
If one node fails, the whole network will shut down.
Ring networks:
In a ring topology network computers are connected by a single loop of
cable, the data signals travel around the loop in one direction, passing
through each computer. Ring topology is an active topology because each
computer repeats (boosts) the signal before passing it on to the next
computer.
Advantages
Data is quickly transferred without a 'bottle neck
The transmission of data is relatively simple as packets travel in one
direction only.
All devices have equal access
Adding additional nodes has very little impact on bandwidth
Disadvantages
It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring
Data packets must pass through every computer between the sender and
recipient Therefore this makes it slower
If any of the nodes fail then the ring is broken and data cannot be
transmitted successfully
Star Topology
The most popular topology for business today - the star topology consists of all of the
nodes on a network connected to a central switch or hub. A node is a device attached
to the network - such as a computer

Advantages
Easy to Install: Each device on network simply requires a cable run between it
and the concentrator device
Flexible: Devices can be added or removed without affecting the other devices
on the network.
A single device or cable failure will not bring down the network
Data Packets are sent quickly as they do not have to travel through any
unnecessary nodes.
Disadvantages
Twisted pair cables typically used in star topologies are not as immune to
interferences as coxiale cable
Expensive because of additional cabling and central hub require
If the centralize device fails the entire system is affected

Group 1 :
1.
2.

Milad Ahmadi
Arian haddadian

EMM5704 Computer Applications in Manufacturing Systems

GS 38279
GS 39173