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A pile cap is required to transfer the load from a 400 mm 400 mm column to four
600 mm diameter piles, as shown in Fig. 14.30.
Pile caps can be designed either by the truss analogy or by bending theory (see BS
8110: Part 1: 3.11.4.1(5)). In this example bending theory will be used.
For a pile cap with closely spaced piles, in addition to bending and bond stress
checks, a check should be made on the local shear stress at the face of the column,
and a beam shear check for shear across the width of the pile cap. For more widely
spaced piles (spacing > 3 diameter), a punching shear check should also be
carried out.
Local shear check
The ultimate column load is Pu = 6400 kN.
Length of column perimeter is u = 2(400 + 400) = 1600 mm.
The shear stress at the face of the column is
For grade C35 concrete, from BS 8110: Part 1: Table 3.8, assuming six T25 bars, the
minimum value of vc is 0.4 N/mm2, giving
Thus, provided the average effective depth exceeds d = 846 mm (the local shear
check), minimum reinforcement to satisfy bond and bending tension requirements
will be adequate in this instance.
The necessary depth for the pile cap is
h = d + 25(diameter bar) + 75(cover)
= 846 + 100
= 946 mm use h = 950 mm