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UniKL MICET
FYP SEMINAR 2
THESIS FORMATTING
OCTOBER 2014

Prepared by:
KELLY YONG TAU LEN
29th October 2014

+ Agenda
1. Typing and Font
2. Margins
3. Spacing
4. Numbering Chapters and Sub-sections
5. Pagination
6. Tables
7. Figures
8. Equations and Formulae
9. Reference Style

Please refer and download from


UniKL MICET E-Learning homepage
(http://elearn.micet.unikl.edu.my/)
all the necessary guidelines & manuals.

Typing and Fonts

Paragraphs must be JUSTIFIED and use font Times


New Roman Size 12

+ Margins

For the entire thesis


including appendices, references,
preliminaries page, etc. the margins are:
Left (binding edge): 1.5 inch
Right: 1 inch
Top: 1 inch
Bottom: 1 inch
*There is 1 exception (2 inch margin for the
top of the 1st page of NEW CHAPTER)

Spacing

1.

Spacing throughout thesis must be 1.5 line spacing. This


includes:
i.
Spacing between title of sub-section and first line of
text.
ii.
Spacing between paragraphs.
iii. Spacing between last line of text and a table, or a figure
or an illustration.

2.

2 x 1.5 line spacing is needed for these cases:


i.
Spacing between chapter number and title.
ii.
Spacing between title and first line of text.
iii. Spacing between last line of text with title of a
subsection.

Spacing
1.

2.

3.

Number and title of sub-section should be aligned with the left


margin.
First line of paragraph should be indented by 0.5 inch from the
LEFT margin.
A new paragraph should NOT begin on the last line of a page

First line: 0.5


inch indent

Start at
next page

+ Example: Cover Page


1 inch
4 x single line
spacing
Title
10 x single line
spacing
Name

20 x single
line spacing

1.5
inch

1
inch
4 x single line spacing

1 inch

Example: Thesis Spine

Take note !
Correction from UniKL
Thesis Manual
0.1
inch

AHMAD SAUFI MD YAAKOB Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Food) 2008 UniKL

0.1
inch

Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Food


Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Polymer
Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Biosystem
Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Bioprocess
Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Environment
Bac. of Chem. Eng. Tech. (Hons) in Process

Example: Front page


1 inch
4 x single line
spacing
Title
8 x single line
spacing
Name
ID No
8 x single line
spacing

1.5
inch

8 x single line
spacing

8 x single line
spacing

1 inch

1
inch

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Example: Front page

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Take note !
Correction from UniKL
Thesis Manual
A thesis submitted in partial
fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering
Technology (Hons.) in Process
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Food
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Polymer
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Biosystem
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Bioprocess
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Environment
Bachelor of Chemical Engineering Technology (Hons.) in Process

Example:
New
Chapter
(Take Note!)

1 inch

Note:
Exception
in margin!

1 inch
2 x 1.5 line spacing

2 x 1.5 line spacing


First line:
0.5 inch
indent

1.5 line spacing

1.5 line spacing

2 x 1.5 line spacing

1
inch

1.5
inch

1 inch

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Numbering Chapters and


Sub-sections
1.

2.

3.

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All chapters and sub-sections must be labeled


and numbered.
The chapters are numbered using Arabic numeric
(Chapter 1, Chapter 2, etc.)
Sub-sections NO NEED to be indented but must be
arranged NOT more than 4 levels:
2
2.1
2.1.1
2.1.1.1

First level (Title of the chapter)


Second level (Title of the sub-section)
Third level (Title of the sub-sub-section)
Fourth level (Title of the sub-sub-subsection)

First level:
Chapter title

Second level:
Title of sub-section

Third level:
Title of sub-sub-section

Example:
New
Chapter
(Take Note!)

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Pagination: Preliminary Pages

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Page numbers should be printed at the RIGHT bottom of page


(footer)
Preliminary pages of a thesis, starting from title page should be
numbered using small letter Roman numeric (i, ii, iii..).
The first page should be the front page. This page should be
counted i but should NOT be printed.

+ Pagination: Preliminary pages


Preliminary Pages of
a Thesis

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Front Page

Counted as
i but NOT
printed

Pagination: Texts

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The texts should be numbered using Arabic numerals


(1,2,3).
The first page of text should be counted 1 but the number
should NOT be printed.
Similarly, the 1st page of all chapters should be counted but
NOT printed

Tables

All tables must be numbered using Arabic numerals.


A caption should be positioned at the TOP of the table.
If caption is in a SINGLE line, it should be CENTRED. If
the caption more than a line, it should be ALIGN to
LEFT.
Table must be numbered with respect to the chapter.
For example, Table 3.5 is the 5th table that appears in
Chapter 3.
The caption Table and number must be in BOLD.
(Example: Table 4.1 Liquid constituents in LCMS)
Spacing between the last line of a text and a table or
table with the first line of text should be 1 x 1.5 line
spacing.
All tables must be listed in List of Tables page.

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+
Single line:
Centred

Example:
Tables

Remember: Table and


Number must be in Bold.
Example:
Table 4.1 Liquid constituents
quantified by HLC
1.5 line spacing

>1 line:
Aligned to left

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Example:
List of
Tables

1 inch
4 x single line
spacing
4 x single line
spacing
2 x single line
spacing

1.5
inch

1
inch

1 inch

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Figures

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All figures must be numbered using Arabic numerals.


A caption should be positioned at the BOTTOM of the
figure.
If caption is in a SINGLE line, it should be CENTRED. If
the caption more than a line, it should be ALIGN to
LEFT.
Figures must be numbered with respect to the chapter.
For example, Fig. 3.5 is the 5th Figure that appears in
Chapter 3.
The caption Figure and number must be in BOLD.
(Example: Fig. 4.1 Liquid constituents in LCMS)
Spacing between the last line of a text and a figure
should be 1 x 1.5 line spacing.

Example:
Figures

1.5 line spacing

Single line:
Centred

Remember: Fig. and Number


must be in Bold.
Example:
Fig. 4.1 Experimental
apparatus 1

>1 line:
Aligned to left

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1 inch

Example:
List of
Figures

4 x single line
spacing
4 x single line
spacing
2 x single line
spacing

1.5
inch

1
inch

1 inch

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+ Equations and Formulae

Equations and formulae should be typed clearly


using appropriate Equation editor.
Must be numbered in order with respect to the
chapter.
For example Equation 6.11 is the 11th equation
appears in Chapter 6.

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+ Equation Editor

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References

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We are currently using APA (American


Psychological Association)
Referencing System.
Authors names are listed using
surname (Family name) followed by
initials.
We will focus on identifying surname
(family name) and also how to
reference journal articles, books and
online resources.

References: Journal Articles

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In journal articles, the given names will most commonly be written first,
followed by the family name (or surname). For example below, the surname
is Savage. This journal only has 1 author.

In text citation:
Savage (1999) reported that Water near its critical point can serve as an
environmentally benign solvent, a reactant, and a catalyst in organic chemical reactions
OR
The ion product, or dissociation constant for water as it approaches the critical point, is
about 3 orders of magnitude higher than it is for ambient liquid water (Savage, 1999).

Reference List:
Savage, P.E. (1999). Organic chemical reaction in supercritical water. Chem. Rev. 99,
603621.

References: Journal Articles

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For example below, the surnames are Xu and Lad. This journal has 2 authors.

In text citation:
Xu and Lad (2008) concludes The yields of HO and WSO generally increased with
reaction time
OR
Their study established that Jack pine powder (with a caloric value of about
20 MJ/kg) was effectively upgraded into liquid organic products (Xu & Lad, 2008).

Reference List:
Xu, C., & Lad, N. (2008). Production of heavy oils with high calorific values by direct
liquefaction of woody biomass in sub/near-critical water. Energy & Fuels. 22, 635642.

References: Journal Articles

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For example below, this journal has more than 2 authors.

In text citation:
The study by Take et al. (2006) concludes The steam explosion at a steam pressure of
4.51MPa and a steaming time of 5 min was the optimal pretreatment method
OR
Their study established that the production of methane gas from wood chips was
significantly enhanced by the pretreatment methods (Take et al., 2006).

Reference List:
Take, H., Andou, Y., Nakamura, Y., Kobayashi, F., Kurimoto, Y., & Kuwahara, M. (2006).
Production of methane gas from Japanese cedar chips treated by various delignification
methods. Biochemical engineering journals. 28, 3035.

References List: Book

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Reference List:
Felder, R.M., & Rousseau, R.W. (2000). Elementary Principles of Chemical
Processes. (3rd Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

References List:
Article in a Book

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Reference List:
Matsumura, Y., & Yong, T.L.K. (2014). Production of chemicals in supercritical water. In
Fang, Z., & Xu, C.C. (Ed), Near-critical and supercritical water and their applications for
biorefineries. (pg. 427437). New York: Springer

References List: Source from Internet

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(www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42622.pdf).

Reference List:
Sluiter, A., Hames, B., Ruiz, R., Scarlata, C., Sluiter, J. & Templeton, D. (2008).
Determination of ash in biomass. [Online]. [Accessed 28-10-2014]. Available from
world wide web: www.nrel.gov/biomass/pdfs/42622.pdf.

1 inch

2nd line:
0.5 inch
indent

1.5
inch

Reference List

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Take note !
Addition to the
UniKL MICET Thesis
Manual

1 x 1.5 line spacing

1
inch

References
listed based
on
alphabetical
order

Tips to manage references database

Suggestions:
Named the source file with the
name of the author(s) and title

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Thank You
Good Luck!
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