SITAMS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

GATE-2014
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
Syllabus
Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and
induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power,
energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and
multi meters; phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters;
oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.
Objective Questions with Solutions
1. A wattmeter is connected as shown in figure. The wattmeter reads.

(A) Zero always

(B) Total power consumed by Z 1and Z2
(C) Power consumed by Z1
(D) Power consumed by Z2
SOL: - Since potential coil is applied across Z2 as shown below

Wattmeter read power consumed by Z2

2. An ammeter has a current range of 0-5 A, and its internal resistance is 0.2 . In
order to change the range to 0-25 A, we need to add a resistance of
(A) 0.8 in series with the meter
(B) 1.0 in series with the meter
(C) 0.04 in parallel with the meter
(D) 0.05 in parallel with the meter

SOL:- Given that full scale current is 5 A

Current in shunt I = IR Ifs

= 25 5
= 20 A
20Rsh = 50.2
Rsh =1/20 = .05
3. As shown in the figure, a negative feedback system has an amplifier of gain 100
with 10% tolerance in the forward path, and an attenuator of value 9/100 in the
feedback path. The overall system gain is approximately :

(A) 101% (B) 102%

(C) 105% (D) 1010%

4. The Maxwells bridge shown in the figure is at balance. The parameters of the
inductive coil are.

(A) R=R2R3/R4,L=C4R2R3
(B) L=R2R3/R4,R=C4R2R3
(C) R=R4/R2R3,L=1/(C4R2R3)
(D) L=R4/R2R3,R=1/(C4R2R3)
5. Two 8-bit ADCs, one of single slope integrating type and other of successive
approximate type, take TA and TB times to convert 5 V analog input signal to
equivalent digital output. If the input analog signal is reduced to 2.5 V, the
approximate time taken by the two ADCs will respectively, be
(A) TA,TB (B) TA/2,TB
(C) TA,TB/2 (D) TA/2,TB/2
Sol:Conversion time does not depend on input voltage so it remains same
for both type of ADCs.
Hence (A) is correct option.
6. Two sinusoidal signals p(1,t)=Asin1t and q(2t) are applied to X and Y inputs
of a dual channel CRO. The Lissajous figure displayed on the screen shown
below : The signal q(2t) will be represented as

(A) q(2t)=Asin2t,2=21
(B) q(2t)=Asin2t,2=1/2
(C) q(2t)=Acos2t,2=21
(D) q(2t)=Acos2t,2=1/2

Sol:-

7. The ac bridge shown in the figure is used to measure the impedance Z . If the
bridge is balanced for oscillator frequency f = 2 kHz, then the impedance Z will be

(A) (260 + j0)

(C) (260 j200)
SOL:-

(B) (0 + j200)
(D) (260 + j200)

8. The probes of a non-isolated, two channel oscillocope are clipped to points A, B

and C in the circuit of the adjacent figure. Vin is a square wave of a suitable low
frequency. The display on Ch1 and Ch2 are as shown on the right. Then the
Signal and Ground probes S1,G1 and S2,G2 of Ch1 and Ch2 respectively are
connected to points :

(A) A, B, C, A
(C) C, B, A, B

(B) A, B, C, B
(D) B, A, B, C

SOL:Since both the waveform appeared across resistor and inductor are
same so the common point is B. Signal Probe S1 is connecte with A,
S2 is connected with C and both the grount probes G1 and G2 are
connected with common point B.
Hence (B) is correct option.
9. A bridge circuit is shown in the figure below. Which one of the sequence given
below is most suitable for balancing the bridge ?

(A) First adjust R4, and then adjust R1

(B) First adjust R2, and then adjust R3
(C) First adjust R2, and then adjust R4
(D) First adjust R4, and then adjust R2
SOL:-

10. The time/div and voltage/div axes of an oscilloscope have been erased. A
student connects a 1 kHz, 5 V p-p square wave calibration pulse to channel-1 of
the scope and observes the screen to be as shown in the upper trace of the
figure. An unknown signal is connected to channel-2(lower trace) of the scope. It
the time/div and V/div on both channels are the same, the amplitude (p-p) and
period of the unknown signal are respectively

(A) 5 V, 1 ms
(C) 7.5 V, 2 ms
SOL:-

(B) 5 V, 2 ms
(D) 10 V, 1 ms

11. A sampling wattmeter (that computes power from simultaneously sampled values
of voltage and current) is used to measure the average power of a load. The
peak to peak voltage of the square wave is 10 V and the current is a triangular
wave of 5 A p-p as shown in the figure. The period is 20 ms. The reading in W
will be

(A) 0 W
(C) 50 W

SOL:-

(B) 25 W
(D) 100 W

12. A current of 8 +6 2(sint+30%) A is passed through three meters. They are a

centre zero PMMC meter, a true rms meter and a moving iron instrument. The
respective reading (in A) will be
(A) 8, 6, 10
(B) 8, 6, 8
(C) 8,10,10
(D) 8,2,2
SOL:-

13. A variable w is related to three other variables x ,y ,z as w=xy/z. The variables

are measured with meters of accuracy 0.5% reading, 1% of full scale value
and 1.5% reading. The actual readings of the three meters are 80, 20 and 50
with 100 being the full scale value for all three. The maximum uncertainty in the
measurement of w will be
(A) 0.5% rdg

(B) 5.5% rdg

(C) 6.7 rdg

(D) 7.0 rdg

14. The simultaneous application of signals x(t) and y(t) to the horizontal and vertical
plates, respectively, of an oscilloscope, produces a vertical figure-of-8 display. If
P and Q are constants and x(t)=Psin(4t+30c) , then y(t) is equal to
(A) Qsin(4t 30c)
(B) Qsin(2t + 15c)
(C) Qsin(8t + 60c)
(D) Qsin(4t + 30c)
SOL:-

15. A DC ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 and its current range is 0-100A. If the
range is to be extended to 0-500 A, then meter required the following shunt
resistance
(A) 0.010
(B) 0.011
(C) 0.025
(D) 1.0
SOL:-

16. The set-up in the figure is used to measure resistance R .The ammeter and
voltmeter resistances are 0.01 and 2000 , respectively. Their readings are 2 A
and 180 V, respectively, giving a measured resistances of 90 The percentage
error in the measurement is

(A) 2.25%
(C) 4.5%

(B) 2.35%
(D) 4.71%

17. A 1000 V DC supply has two 1-core cables as its positive and negative leads :
their insulation resistances to earth are 4 M and 6 M, respectively, as shown
in the figure. A voltmeter with resistance 50 k is used to measure the insulation

of the cable. When connected between the positive core and earth, then
voltmeter reads

(A) 8 V
(C) 24 V

(B) 16 V
(D) 40 V

18. Two wattmeters, which are connected to measure the total power on a threephase system supplying a balanced load, read 10.5 kW and 2.5 kW,
respectively. The total power and the power factor, respectively, are
(A) 13.0 kW, 0.334
(B) 13.0 kW, 0.684
(C) 8.0 kW, 0.52
(D) 8.0 kW, 0.334
19. A dc potentiometer is designed to measure up to about 2 V with a slide wire of
800 mm. A standard cell of emf 1.18 V obtains balance at 600 mm. A test cell is
seen to obtain balance at 680 mm. The emf of the test cell is
(A) 1.00 V
(B) 1.34 V
(C) 1.50 V
(D) 1.70 V
20. The circuit in figure is used to measure the power consumed by the load. The
current coil and the voltage coil of the wattmeter have 0.02 and 1000
resistances respectively. The measured power compared to the load power will
be

(A) 0.4 % less

(B) 0.2% less
(C) 0.2% more
(D) 0.4% more
21. A galvanometer with a full scale current of 10 mA has a resistance of 1000 .
The multiplying power (the ratio of measured current to galvanometer current) of
100 shunt with this galvanometer is
(A) 110
(B) 100
(C) 11
(D) 10

.
22. A CRO probe has an impedance of 500 k in parallel with a capacitance of 10
pF. The probe is used to measure the voltage between P and Q as shown in
figure. The measured voltage will be

(A) 3.53 V
(C) 4.54 V

(B) 4.37 V
(D) 5.00 V

23. A moving coil of a meter has 100 turns, and a length and depth of 10 mm and 20
mm respectively. It is positioned in a uniform radial flux density of 200 mT. The
coil carries a current of 50 mA. The torque on the coil is
(A) 200 Nm
(B) 100 Nm
(C) 2 Nm
(D) 1 Nm
24. A dc A-h meter is rated for 15 A, 250 V. The meter constant is 14.4 A-sec/rev.
The meter constant at rated voltage may be expressed as
(A) 3750 rev/kWh
(B) 3600 rev/kWh
(C) 1000 rev/kWh
(D) 960 rev/kWh
25. A moving iron ammeter produces a full scale torque of 240 Nm with a deflection
of 120c at a current of 10 A . The rate of change of self induction (H/radian) of
the instrument at full scale is
(A) 2.0 H/radian
(B) 4.8 H/radian
(C) 12.0 H/radian
(D) 114.6 H/radian
26. A single-phase load is connected between R and Y terminals of a 415 V,
symmetrical, 3-phase, 4-wire system with phase sequence RYB. A wattmeter is
connected in the system as shown in figure. The power factor of the load is 0.8
lagging. The wattmeter will read

(A) 795 W
(C) +597 W

(B) 597 W
(D) +795 W

27. The simplified block diagram of a 10-bit A/D converter of dual slope integrator
type is shown in figure. The 10-bit counter at the output is clocked by a 1 MHz
clock. Assuming negligible timing overhead for the control logic, the maximum
frequency of the analog signal that can be converted using this A/D converter is
approximately

(A) 2 kHz
(C) 500 Hz

(B) 1 kHz
(D) 250 Hz

28. The items in Group-I represent the various types of measurements to be made
with a reasonable accuracy using a suitable bridge. The items in Group-II
represent the various bridges available for this purpose. Select the correct choice
of the item in Group-II for the corresponding item in Group-I from the following
List-I
List-II
P. Resistance in the milli1. Wheatstone Bridge
ohm range
Q. Low values of Capacitance
2. Kelvin Double Bridge
R. Comparison of resistance
3. Schering Bridge
which are nearly equal
S. Inductance of a coil with
4. Wiens Bridge
a large time-constant
5. Hays Bridge
6. Carey-Foster Bridge
Codes :
(A) P=2, Q=3, R=6, S=5
(B) P=2, Q=6, R=4, S=5
(C) P=2, Q= 3, R=5, S=4
(D) P=1, Q=3, R=2, S=6
29. A rectifier type ac voltmeter of a series resistance Rs , an ideal fullwave rectifier
bridge and a PMMC instrument as shown in figure. The internal. resistance of the
instrument is 100 and a full scale deflection is produced by a dc current of 1
mA. The value of Rs
required to obtain full scale deflection with an ac voltage of 100 V (rms) applied to the
input terminals is

(A) 63.56
(C) 89.93

(B) 69.93
(D) 141.3 k

30. A wattmeter reads 400 W when its current coil is connected in the R-phase and
its pressure coil is connected between this phase and the neutral of a
symmetrical 3-phase system supplying a balanced star connected 0.8 p.f.
inductive load. This phase sequence is RYB. What will be the reading of this
wattmeter if its pressure coil alone is reconnected between the B and Y phases,
all other connections remaining as before ?
(A) 400.0
(B) 519.6
(C) 300.0
(D) 692.8

31. The inductance of a certain moving-iron ammeter is expressed as 10 L=

+3(2/4)H, where is the deflection in radians from the zero position. The
control spring torque is 2510-6 - Nm/radian. The deflection of the pointer in
radian when the meter carries a current of 5 A, is
(A) 2.4
(B) 2.0
(C) 1.2
(D) 1.0
32. A 500A/5A, 50 Hz transformer has a bar primary. The secondary burden is a
pure resistance of 1 and it draws a current of 5 A. If the magnetic core requires
250 AT for magnetization, the percentage ratio error is
(A) 10.56
(B) 10.56
(C) 11.80
(D) 11.80
33. The voltage-flux adjustment of a certain 1-phase 220 V induction watt-hour meter
is altered so that the phase angle between the applied voltage and the flux due to
it is 85c(instead of 90c). The errors introduced in the reading of this meter when
the current is 5 A at power factor of unity and 0.5 lagging are respectively
(A) 3.8 mW, 77.4 mW
(B) 3.8 mW, 77.4 mW
(C) 4.2 W, 85.1 W
(D) 4.2 W, 85.1 W

34. Group-II represents the figures obtained on a CRO screen when thevoltage
signals Vx=Vxmsint and Vy=Vymsin(t+) are given to its X and Y plates
respectively and is changed. Choose the correct value of from Group-I to
match with the corresponding figure of

Group-II.

Group-I
P. = 0
Q. = /2
R. <<3/2
S. =3/2

Codes :

(A) P=1, Q= 3, R=6, S=5

(B) P=2, Q= 6, R=4, S=5
(C) P=2, Q= 3, R=5, S=4
(D) P=1, Q=5, R=6, S=4
35. Two in-phase, 50 Hz sinusoidal waveforms of unit amplitude are fed into
channel-1 and channel-2 respectively of an oscilloscope. Assuming that the
voltage scale, time scale and other settings are exactly the same for both the
channels, what would be observed if the oscilloscope is operated in X-Y mode ?
(A) A circle of unit radius
(B) An ellipse
(C) A parabola
(D) A straight line inclined at 45c with respect to the x-axis.
36. Resistance R1 and R2 have, respectively, nominal values of 10 and 5 , and
tolerance of 5% and 10%. The range of values for the parallel combination of
R1 and R2 is
(A) 3.077 to 3.636
(B) 2.805 to 3.371
(C) 3.237 to 3.678
(D) 3.192 to 3.435
SOL:For positive tolerance,
R1= 10+0.5=10.5
R2=5+0.5= 5.5
Req= R1 R2/( R1+ R2)=3.6
For negative tolerance,
R1= 10-0.5=9.5
R2=5-0.5= 4.5
Req= R1 R2/( R1+ R2)=3.07
Hence, range is 3.06 to 3.6.
Hence (A) is correct option.
37. The two wattmeter method is used to measure active power on a three-phase, three wire
system. If the phase voltage is unbalanced, then the power reading is
(a) Affected by both negative sequence and zero sequence voltages.
(b) Affected by negative sequence voltages but not by zero sequence voltages.
(c) Affected by zero sequence voltages but not by negative sequence voltages.
(d) Not affected by negative or zero sequence voltages.
SOL:In two wattmeter reading method, the power reading is independent of negative and zero sequence
voltages.
Hence (d) is correct option.

38. A 4 digit DMM has the error specification as 0.2% of reading+ 10 counts. If a DC voltage of
100V is read on its 200V full scale. The maximum error that can be expected in the reading is
(a) 0.1%
(b) 0.2%
(c) 0.3%
(d) 0.4%
SOL:- 0.3%
39. An average reading digital multimeter reads 10V when fed with a triangular wave, symmetric
about the time axis. For the same input, an rms reading meter will read
(a)20/3
(b) 10/3
(c) 203
(d) 103
Sol: for triangular wave,
Average value = Vm/3
Rms = Vm/3
Vmm = 30
Rms = 30/3 = 103
40. For a step input ei, the overshoot in the output eo will be
(a) Step Function
(b)square wave of frequency 50 Hz
(c) square wave of frequency 300 Hz (c) square wave of frequency 2.0 Hz
Sol: Step function
41. An energy meter connected to an immersion heater (resistive) operating on an AC 230V,50Hz,
AC single-phase source reads 2.3 unit (kWh) in 1h. the heater is removed from the supply and
now connected to a 400V peak to peak square wave source of 150Hz. The power in kW
dissipated by the heater will be
(a) 3.478
(b) 1.739
(c) 1.540
(d) 0.870
Sol:
Reading of energy meter
2.3 =V2/R *e = (230)2/R *1
R = 23
Power dissipated = V2/R = (200)2/23
= 1.739 kW
42. An ammeter has a current range of 0-5A and its internal resistance of 0.2. in order to change the
range of 0-25 A, we need to add a resistance of
(a) 0.8 in series with the ammeter
(b) 1.0 in series with the ammeter
(c) 0.04 in parallel with the ammeter
(d) 0.05 in parallel with the ammeter
Sol:
Multiplying power
m = I/Im = 25/5 = 5
Resistance of shunt
Rsh = Rm/m-1 = 0.2/5-1 = 0.05

43. A PMMC voltmeter is connected across a series combination of a dc voltage source V1 = 2V and
an AC voltage source V2(t) = 3sin(4t). the voltmeter reads

(a) 2V
(b) 5V
(c)(2+3/2)V
(d) (17/2)V
Sol:
The permanent magnet moving coil measures the DC value only. The torque will be reversed
if the current is reversed. If the instrument is connected to AC, the deflection responds to the
mean torque which is zero. Hence, voltmeter reads 2V.
44. The effect of stray magnetic fields on the actuating torque of a portable instrument is maximum
when the operating field of the instrument and the stray fields are
(a) Perpendicular
(b) parallel
(c) inclined at 600
(d) inclined at 300
Sol:
Actuating torque cos (angle between operating field and magnetic field)
For maximum actuating torque both are parallel

45. A current of -8+62(si nwt+300) is passed through three meters. They are a centre zero PMMC
meter, a true rms meter and a moving iron instrument. The respective readings (in amphere) will
be
(a) 8,6.10
(b) 8,6,8
(c) -8,10,10
(d) -8,2,2
Sol:
PMMC reads only DC value and since, it is centre zero type so, it will give -8 value. RMS
meter will read rms value of the current
So, RMS = (82 +(62/2)) = 10A
Moving iron also read rms value, so its reading will also be 10A, hence ultimately it will be
(-8, 10, 10)

46. A variable w is related to three other variables x, y, z as w = xy/z. the variables are measured with
meters of accuracy 0.5% reading, 1% of full scale value and 1.5 reading. The actual readings
of the three meters are 80, 20 and 50 with 100 being the full scale value for all three. The
maximum uncertainty in the measurement of w will be
(a) 0.5%
(b) 5.5%
(c) 6.7%
(d) 7.0%
Sol:
W=xy/z
Relative limiting error of w,
w/w = (w/x + w/y + w/z)
= (0.4/80 + 1/20 + 0.75/50 )
= 7% reading

47.The figure shows a three-phase delta connected load supplied from a 400V,50Hz,3-phase
balanced source. The pressure coil(PC) and current coil(CC) of a wattmeter are connected to
the load as shown,with the coil polarities suitably selected to ensure a positive deflection. The
wattmeter reading will be

A. 0
B. 1600Watt
C. 800Watt
D. 400Watt
Ans: C
48. An analog voltmeter uses external multiplier settings. With a multiplier setting of 20k, it reads
440V and-with a multiplier setting of 80k it reads 352V. For a multiplier setting of 40k,voltmeter
reads
A. 371V
B. 383V
C. 394V
D. 406V
Ans: D
49.the measurement of Hall coefficient of a semiconductor with one type of charge carrier gives the
information about
A. sign of charge carrier
B. density of charge carrier
C. both sign and density of charge carrier
D. mass of the charge carrier
Ans:C
50. The measurement system shown in the figure uses three sub systems in cascade whose gains are
specified as G1, G2 and 1/G3. The relative small errors associated with each respective subsystem
G1, G2,G3 are 1,2 and 3.The error associated with the output is

A.1+2+1/3
B.(1.2)3
C.1+2-3
D.1+2+3
Ans:C
51.

Ans. D
Sol:

52. Digital data acquisition systems are used

i. Only when the output of the transducers is in digital form
ii. When physical process being monitored is slowly varying (narrow bandwidth)
iii. When low accuracy can be tolerated
iv. When high accuracy and low per channel cost is required
Which of these statements are correct?
(a) 1, 2 and 3

(b) 1, 3 and 4

(c) 1 and 3

(d) 2 and 4

Sol: - Digital data acquisition systems can be used with analog output as well as digital output
Of the transducers. Analog data can be converted into digital data through A/D converter.
Further, Digital data acquisition systems are highly accurate due to better noise immunity.
So, (d) is the correct option.
53. Which one of the following statements correctly represents the post acceleration in a Cathode Ray
Tube?
(a) It provides deflection of the beam

(b) It increases the brightness of the trace if the signal frequency is higher than 10 MHz.
(c) It accelerates the beam before deflection
(d) It increases the brightness of the trace of low frequency signal.
Sol:- In an electrostatic system of deflection, a low value of accelerating voltage (Ea) should be used to
give high deflection sensitivity (S1/ Ea). This voltage is usually kept below 4kV. Although
This voltage gives good sensitivity but reduces brightness, which can be seriously impaired at high
frequencies. If, signals of frequencies higher than 10 MHz are to be displayed, post deflection
acceleration is necessary to increase the brightness of the trace which otherwise would be dim.
Hence, option (b) is correct.
54.

Consider the following statements:

The value of earth resistance depends upon
1. Shape of electrode
2. Depth to which the electrode is driven into earth
3. Specific resistance of soil
4. Material of electrode
Which of the following statements is correct?
(a) 1,2,3 and 4
(b) 2,3 and 4 (c) 1 and 2
(d) 1,3 and 4

Sol: - The resistance of earth electrode should be low to give good protection. An earth electrode will
only be effective so long it has a low resistance to the earth and can carry large currents without
deteriorating.
Hence option (a) is correct.
55.
Which of the following electronic instruments can be used to frequency component of
a waveform and its higher harmonics?
1. CRO 2. Vacuum tube voltmeter
3. Spectrum Analyzer 4. Distortion factor
meter
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 1 and 4

Sol: - Both spectrum analyzer and distortion factor meter are signal analyzers. A spectrum
analyzer sweeps the signal frequency band and displays a plot of amplitude versus frequency.
Distortion factor meter tunes out the fundamental signal and gives an induction of the
harmonics.
Hence option is correct.
56. In a single phase power factor meter, controlling torque is
(a) Provided by spring control
(b) Provided by gravity control
(c) Provided by stiffness of suspension
(d) Not required

Sol: - There will be two deflecting torques, one acting on the coil A and the other on coil B.
the coil windings are so arranged that the torques due to the two coils are opposite
in direction. So, there is no controlling torque.

57. A dc circuit can be represented by an internal voltage source of 50V with an output resistance of
100k. In order to achieve accuracy better than 99% for voltage measurement across its terminals,
the voltage measuring device should have a resistance of at least.
(a) 10 M
(b) 1 M
(c) 2 M
(d) 1k
Sol: - EL/E0 = 49.5/50 = 1/(1+100k/ZL)
ZL = 10 M
Hence, option (a) is correct.
58. In Electrodynamometer watt meters, the inductance of pressure coil produces error. The error is
(a) Constant irrespective of the power factor of the load
(b) Higher at high power factor load
(c) Higher at low power factor load
(d) Highest at unity power factor load
Sol: - the error caused by pressure coil inductance is VIsin tan. With low power factor,
the value of is large and therefore, the error is correspondingly large.
Hence, option is correct.
59. An analog voltage signal whose highest significant frequency is 1 kHz is to be coded with a resolution
of 0.01 percent for a voltage range of 0-10 V. the minimum sampling frequency and the minimum
number of bits should respectively be
(a) 1 kHz and 12 (b) 1kHz and 14
(c) 2 kHz and 12
(d) 2 kHz and 14
Sol: - Minimum sampling frequency = Nyquist sampling rate = 2 kHz and
Resolution = 0.01 = 1/(2n 1) 100 => n 1
4

60. An ac voltmeter using full-wave rectification and having a sinusoidal input has an ac
sensitivity equal to
(a) 1.414 times dc sensitivity
(b) Dc sensitivity
(c) 0.9 times dc sensitivity
(d) 0.707 times dc sensitivity
Sol: - For full-wave rectifier type of instruments
Vavg = 0.9V where V= Vm/2.
Hence option is correct.
61. Consider the following statements in connection with measurement of temperature:
1. A thermistor is highly sensitive as compared with platinum resistance
thermometer.
2. The resistance of a thermistor is solely a function of its absolute temperature
whether the source of heat is external, internal or both.
3. A thermistor has linear resistance temperature characteristics
4. Most thermistors exhibit negative resistance temeperature coefficient
Which of these statements are correct?

(a) 1,2 and 3

(b) 1,2 and 4 (c) 2,3 and 4 (d) 1,3 and 4

Sol:- Thermistor is a semiconductor device which is non-linear andighly sensitive as

well as exhibit negative resistance temperature coefficient. Thermistors having
positive resistance temperature coefficient are not useful as temperature
transducers.
Hence (b) is correct option
62. If an induction type energy meter runs fast, it can be slowed down by
(a) Lag adjustment
(b) light load adjustment
adjusting the position of braking magnet and moving it closer from the centre of
the disc
(d)adjusting the position of braking magnet and moving it away from the centre of
the disc
Sol:- braking torque, TD R2 where R is the radial position of braking magnet with
respect to the centre of the disc.
Hence (d) is correct option
63. Consider the following statements about the DArsonval Movement:
1. It is best suited for d.c. current measurement
2. It responds to the average value of current
3. It measures the r.m.s value of a.c. currents
4. It could be used for power measurements
Which of these statements is/are correct?
(a) Only 1 (b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1,2,3 and 4
Sol:- dArsonval ammeter is PMMC ammeter which measures average value.
Hence (b) is correct option
64. What is the correct sequence of the following types of ammeters and voltmeters with
increasing accuracy?
1. Moving iron 2. Moving coil permanent magnet 3. Induction
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
(a) 1,3,2 (b) 1,2,3
(c) 3,1,2
(d)2,1,3
Sol:- induction principle is more generally used for watt-hour meter than for
ammeters and voltmeters owing to their comparatively high cost, and inaccuracy of
induction instruments of the latter types.
Hence is correct option.
65. If a high frequency AC signal, whose r.m.s. value is 2V, is applied to a PMMC

Instrument, then the reading of the instrument will be

(a) 2 V
(b) 2 V
(c) 1 V
(d) zero
Sol:- A PMMC instrument is used for measurement of dc voltages and currents. When it
is connected to an ac supply, the average torque produced in the instrument will be zero.
So, it will read zero.
Hence (d) is correct option
66. A single-phase energy meter having meter constant of 200 rev/kWh is operating on
230V, 50 Hz supply with a load of 10 A, and at unity power factor for three hours
continuously. The number of revolutions shown by the meter during this period is
(a) 13800
(b) 1380
(c) 276
(d) 138
Sol:- number of revolutions shown by the energy meter = meter constant * energy consumed
= 200 * (230*10*3)/1000
= 1380 revolutions
Hence (b) is correct option
67. In the circuit shown, when the current through the branch AD is zero, the battery current
IB is
(a) 1 mA
(b) 2 mA
(c) 10 mA
(d) 20 mA

Sol:- Given that current through the branch AD is zero. This implies the case of bridge
balance. At the balance condition, voltage across AB will be equal to voltage across BD.
Also RAB=RBD => R = 120
Battery current IB = 1/(120||120+80||80)

IB = 1/ 100 = 10 mA
Hence, option is correct option

68. When a steady current is passed through a ballistic galvanometer, then the deflection will
Be
(a) maximum
(b) zero
(c) twice the normal value as it depends on Hibbert magnetic standard
(d) None of the above
Sol:- when a steady current is passed through a ballistic galvanometer, then the deflection
will be zero because, the net deflecting torque will be zero.
Hence, option (b) is correct.
69. The measurement of frequency can be carried out with
(a) Owens bridge
(b) Wiens bridge
(c) Maxwells inductance-capacitance bridge
(d) Scherings bridge
Sol:- measurement of frequency can be carried out with Wiens bridge
Hence, (b) is correct option
70. An angular deflection type indicating PMMC meter is provided with spring control and
(a) damping by air dashpot
(b) electromagnetic damping in the aluminium former only
(c) electromagnetic damping in the aluminium former and the moving coil as well
(d) no damping
Sol:- Generally, electromagnetic damping in the aluminium former is provided for a PMMC
type instrument with spring control.
Hence, (b) is correct option.
71. An advantage of PMMC instrument is that it
(a) is free from friction error
(b) has high torque-to-weight ratio of moving parts
(c) has low torque-to-weight ratio
(d) can be used on both AC and DC
Sol:- In a PMMC instrument, the deflecting torque is provided by the movement of coil of light
weight. Hence the torque to weight ratio of the moving parts in the instrument is high due to
which the sensitivity of the instrument is high.
Hence, (b) is correct option
72. The following is not essential for the working of an indicating instrument
(a) Deflecting torque
(b) Braking torque
(c) Damping torque
(d) Controlling torque
Sol:- For the working of an indicating instrument, braking torque is not essential.
Hence, (b) is correct option

73. Systematic error of an instrument for measurement can be minimized by

(a) selecting a proper measuring device for the particular application
(b) calibrating the measuring device against a standard device
(c) applying correction factors for change of ambient conditions
(d) carrying out all of the above
Sol:Systematic error of an instrument for measurement can be minimized by selecting a proper
measuring device for the particular application, calibrating the measuring device against a
standard device, applying correction factors for change of ambient conditions.
Hence, (d) is correct option
74. The following material is not used for making a piezoelectric transducer
(a) Rochelle salt
(b) Barium titanate
(c) Chromium sulphide
(d) Quartz
Sol:Chromium sulphide is not used for making a piezoelectric transducer.
Hence, is correct option
75. An electronic voltmeter gives more accurate readings in high resistance circuits as
compared to a non-electronic voltmeter because of its
(a) low meter resistance (b) high k/V rating
(c) high V/krating (d) high resolution
Sol:- An electronic voltmeter has high k/V rating. So, it has high sensitivity. Hence it gives
more accurate readings in high resistance circuits as compared to a non-electronic voltmeter.
Hence (b) is correct option.
76. By mistake, an ammeter is used as a voltmeter. In all probabilities, it will
(a) give much higher reading
(b) give extremely low reading
(c) indicate no reading at all
(d) get damaged
Sol:- For an ammeter, the overall resistance is minimum when compared to a voltmeter. When it
is used as a voltmeter, higher current will flow which will cause overheating of the parts of the
instrument and hence it gets damaged.
Hence, (d) is correct option
77. The meter constant of a single-phase energy meter is 500 rev/kWh. It is found that with a
load of 5 kW, it makes 40 revolutions in 50 sec. The percentage error is
(a) 5.25%
(b)10.5%
(c) 15.25%
(d) 20%
Sol:Meter constant = 500 rev/kWh.
Actual energy consumed = 5 * 50/3600 = 25/360 kWh.

Energy consumption as per meter reading = 40/ 500 = 0.08 kWh.

% error = (actual energy consumption-energy consumption as per meter reading)/ actual energy
consumption *100
= (0.06944-0.080)/0.06944 *100%
= -15.2%
Hence, is correct option
78. A shunt resistance of 25is required for extending the range of an ammeter from 100
A to 500 A. The value of internal resistance of this ammeter will be
(a) 25

(b) 50

(c) 100

(d) 1000

Sol:Shunt resistance for extending range of ammeter is Rsh = Rm / (m-1)

Where, m = I/Im = 500
Therefore, meter resistance Rm = Rsh * (m-1) = 25 * (5-1) = 100
Hence, is correct option
79. Two resistances R1= 100 10%and R2 = 300 5% are connected in series. The
resulting limiting error of the series combination is
(a) 5

(b) 15

(c) 25

(d) 30

Sol:Error in R1 = 100 * 10/100 = 10

Error in R2 = 300 * 5/100 = 15
Total limiting error of the series combination of R1 and R2 is = 10+15 = 25 .
Hence, is correct option
80. A frequency counter can be used for the measurement of
1. fundamental frequency of input signal
2. time interval between two pulses
Which of these is /are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Neither 1 nor 2
Sol:A frequency counter can be used for the measurement of both
1. fundamental frequency of input signal
2. time interval between two pulses
Hence, (d) is correct option

(d) Both 1 and 2

81. Modern electronic multimeters measure resistance by

(a) taking advantage of an electronic bridge compensator for nulling
(b) forcing a constant current and measuring the voltage across unknown resistance
(c) using a bridge circuit
(d) applying a constant voltage across the unknown resistance and measuring the current
through it.
Sol:Modern electronic multimeters measure resistance by forcing a constant current and measuring
the voltage across unknown resistance.
Hence, (b) is correct option
82. Guard circuits are used in insulation resistance measurements to
(a) increase the range of resistance values measured
(b) reduce the effect of leakage current on measurement
(c) protect against external electric fields
(d) protect against external magnetic fields
Sol:Guard circuits are used in insulation resistance measurements to reduce the effect of leakage
current on measurement.
Hence, (b) is correct option
83. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the
Lists:
List I
List II
A. Mutual inductance
1. Wien bridge
B. High Q inductance
2. Schering bridge
C. Audio frequency
3. Hay bridge
D. Dielectric loss
4. Heaviside-Campbell bridge
Code:
A B C D
A B C D
(a)
4 1 3 2
(b)
2 3 1 4
(c)
4 3 1 2
(d)
2 1 3 4
Sol:Wien bridge is used for measurement of audio frequency. Heaviside-Campbell bridge is
used for measurement of mutual inductance. Dielectric loss of a capacitor can be measured by
using a schering bridge. Hays bridge is used for measurement of high-Q inductance.
Hence, is correct option
84. The preferred methods of measuring low resistance and the resistance of cable insulation
are respectively.
(a) V/I method and loss-of-charge method
(b) Kelvins double bridge and Megger test
(c) Wheatstone bridge and Kelvins double bridge

(d) potentiometer method and Wheatstone bridge

Sol:Kelvins double bridge method is normally used for measuring low resistance and Megger is
used to measure resistance of a cable insulation which is of the order of Mega ohms.
Hence, correct option is (b).
85. A 50 A meter with an internal resistance of 1 kis to be used as a DC voltmeter of
range 50V. Then the voltage multiplying factor n is
(a) 100
(b) 10
(c) 1000
(d) 10000
Sol:Multiplying factor, n = V / Vm
= 50/ (50 A*1k
= 1000
Hence, is correct option
86. The value of resistance Rs to be added in series with an ammeter whose full-scale
deflection is of 0.1 mA and internal resistance is of 500, to make it suitable to measure
(0-10) V is
(a) 0.02 k
(b) 99.5k
(c) 500.02
(d) 499.98
Sol:Shunt resistance to be added to ammeter, Rs = Rm/ (m-1)
= 500/((10/500)/0.1m-1)
= 99.5 k ohms
Hence correct option is (b)
87. For low resistance (from few micro ohms to one ohm) measurement,
Which bridge is used?
(A) Wheatstone bridge
(B) Kelvin bridge
(C) Guarded Wheatstone bridge
(D) Maxwell bridge
Sol:Kelvin bridge is used for measurement of low resistance.
Hence, (b) is correct option
88. Which bridge is used to determine frequency ?
(A) Anderson bridge
(B) De Sauty bridge
(C) Wien bridge
(D) Campbell bridge
Sol:Wien bridge is used for measurement of frequency.
Hence, is correct option

89. The dielectric loss of a capacitor can be measured by which one of

the following ?
(A) Wien bridge
(B) Owen bridge
(C) Schering bridge
(D) Maxwell bridge
Sol:The dielectric loss of a capacitor can be measured by Schering bridge.
Hence, is correct option.
90. Inductance is measured by which one of the following ?
(A) Wien bridge
(B) Schering bridge
(C) Maxwell bridge
(D) Owen bridge
Sol:Inductance is measured by Maxwell bridge.
Hence, is correct option.
91.Schering bridge can be used to measure which one of the following?
(A) Q of a coil
(B) Inductance and its Q-value
(C) Very small resistance
(D) Capacitance and its power factor
Sol:Schering bridge can be used to measure Capacitance and its power factor.

92. Which one of the following is used for the measurement of 3-phase
power factor ?
(A) Power factor meter
(B) Crossed-coil power factor meter
(C) Phase-angle watt hour meter
(D) Polarised-vane power factor meter
Sol:Power factor meter is used for measurement of 3-phase power factor.
Hence, (a) is correct option
93. What is the swamping resistance which is connected in series with the working coil
of a voltmeter to drastically reduce the error in measurement caused due to variation in
temperature, made of ?
(A) Constant
(B) Eureka
(C) Manganin
(D) Nichrome
Sol:Swamping resistance is made up of a material having high temperature coefficient of
resistance so that increase in temperature cannot affect its characteristics. Manganin is
generally used as swamping resistance which is connected in series with a voltmeter
pressure coil.
Hence, is correct option.

94. How can a milli-ammeter be used as a voltmeter?

(A) By connecting a low resistance in parallel with the instrument
(B) By connecting a high resistance in parallel with the instrument
(C) By connecting a low resistance in series with the instrument
(D) By connecting a high resistance in series with the instrument
Sol:a milli-ammeter be used as a voltmeter by connecting a high resistance in series with
the instrument.
Hence, (d) is correct option
95. Due to which one of the following reasons bearing of PMMC Instrument are made of
Jewel ?
(A) To avoid wear and tear of the moving system
(B) To provide a small support
(C) It can be easily replaced
(D) To make the system robust
Sol:Bearing of PMMC Instrument are made of Jewel to avoid wear and tear of the moving
system.
Hence, (a) is correct option
96. The imperfect capacitance which is shunted by a resistance can be measured by
which one of the following?
(A) Carey Foster bridge
(B) Owen bridge
(C) Schering bridge (D) Wien bridge
Sol:The imperfect capacitance which is shunted by a resistance can be measured by
Schering bridge.
Hence, is correct option
97. Which of the following statements are correct in case of a power factor meter?
1. The deflection is proportional to the phase angle between field coil and crossed coil.
2. The restoring torque is provided by a controlling torque.
3. It consists of two coils mounted at right angles to each other.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 2 and 3
(C) 1 and 3
(D) 1, 2 and 3
Sol:A power factor meter the deflection is proportional to the phase angle between field coil
and crossed coil. It consists of two coils mounted at right angles to each other.
Hence, is correct option
98. In a low power factor wattmeter, why is a compensating coil employed?
(A) To neutralize the capacitive effect of pressure coil
(B) To compensate for inductance of pressure coil
(C) To compensate for the error caused by power loss in the pressure coil

(D) To compensate for the error caused by eddy currents

Sol:In a low power factor wattmeter, why is a compensating coil employed to compensate
for inductance of pressure coil.
Hence, (b) is correct option
99. Which one of the following instruments is used for standardization of
a Drysdale a.c. potentiometer ?
(A) Rectifier type ammeter
(B) PMMC ammeter
(C) Precision type electrodynamometer ammeter
(D) Thermocouple ammeter
Sol:Precision type electrodynamometer ammeter is used for standardization of
a Drysdale a.c. potentiometer.
Hence, is correct option
100. Match List I (Property) with List II (Type of the Instrument) and
select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :
List I
List II
A. Linear scale
1. Thermocouple type
B. True r.m.s. up to RF
Range
2. Rectifier type
C. r.m.s. only for
sinusoidal input
3. Moving iron type
D. Reads r.m.s. value
using square law scale
4. Permanent magnet moving coil
type
Codes :
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
(A) 1
(C) 4

4
1

3
3

2
2

(B) 4
(D) 1

1
4

2
2

3
3

Sol:Correct option is (b)

101. Flux meter is a special type of ballistic galvanometer provided with which one of
the following ?
(A) Heavy electromagnetic damping and very small controlling torque
(B) Heavy electromagnetic damping and very large controlling torque
(C) Small electromagnetic damping and small controlling torque
(D) Large controlling torque and small electromagnetic damping

Sol:In a flux meter, a special type of ballistic galvanometer provided with very small controlling
torque and large electromagnetic damping.
Hence, (a) is correct option
102. Why is damping of a ballistic galvanometer kept small?
(A) To get minimum overshoot
(B) To make the system critically damped
(C) To make the system oscillatory
(D) To get first deflection large
Sol:To get minimum overshoot, damping of a ballistic galvanometer kept small.
Hence, (a) is correct option
103. Match list I with list II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List I
(Type of Instrument)
A.
B.
C.
D.

List II
(Example)

Indicating
Absolute
Recording
Integrating

1.
2.
3.
4.

Wattmeter
Tangent galvanometer
Aneroid barometer
Energy meter

Code:

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

1
4
1
4

2
2
3
3

3
3
2
2

4
1
4
1

Sol:Wattmeter is an indicating instrument. Tangent galvanometer is an absolute instrument. Aneroid

barometer is a recording instrument. Energy meter is an integrating type instrument.
Hence, (a) is correct option
104. Dissipation factor, tan of a capacitor is measured by which bridge ?
(a) Anderson bridge (b) Hay bridge {c) Schering bridge (d) Wien bridge
Sol:Dissipation factor is normally measured using Schering bridge.
Hence, is correct option

105. A D'Arsonvnl galvanometer. 1 mA, 50 ohm is to be converted to a 5 Amp-ammeter. What

is the value of the shunt resistor, Rsh ?
(a) 10 ohm
(b) 1 ohm
(c) 001 ohm
(d) 100 ohm
Sol:Shunt resistance to be connected, Rsh = Rm/(m-1)
Where, m = I/Im
Rsh = 50/(5/5m-1)

= 0.01 ohm
Hence, is correct option
106. A 0 to 300 V voltmeter has an error oft: 2% of fsd. What is the range of readings if true
voltage is 30 V?
(a) 24V-36V
(b) 20V-40V
(c) 294 V - 306 V
d) 20V-30V
Sol:% error on 0-300v scale = 2/100* 300 = 6V
If the voltage is 30V, % error = 30+6 = 24 to 36V
Hence, (a) is correct option
107. ln a digital voltmeter, the oscillator frequency is 400 kHz. The ramp voltage falls from 8 V
to 0 V in 20 ms. what is the number of pulses counted by the counted?
(a) 8000
(b) 4000
(c) 3200
(d) 1600
Sol:No. of pulses = 400 1032010-3
= 8000
Hence, (a) is correct option
108. Which one of the following is frequency sensitive bridge?
(a) De-Sauty bridge (b) Schering bridge (c) Wiens bridge

(d)Maxwell's bridge

Sol:Wiens bridge is frequency sensitive bridge.

Hence, is correct option
109. If the bandwidth of an oscilloscope is given as direct current to 10 MHz, what is the fastest
rise time a sine wave can have to be produced accurately by the oscilloscope/
(a) 35 nsec
(b) 10 nsec
(c) 3.5 nsec
(d) 0.035 nsec
Sol:Tr = 0.35/ B.W = 0.35/ (10106) = 35 nsec
Hence, (a) is correct option.

110. A 100 kV, 50 Hz supply is fed to a rectifier ammeter (using a bridge rectifier) through a
capacitor. The PMMC ammeter of the rectifier instrument reads 45 10-3 amp. What is the value
of the capacitor?
(a) 15.910-10 F
(b) 15.910-12 F
(c) 17.6610-9 F
(d) 17.6610-11 F
Sol:Bridge rectifier output is, V0 = 2Vm/
V0 = I Xc
2 Vm/ = I/C
2100103 2/ = 4510-3/ (250C)
C = 15.910-9 F
Hence, (a) is correct option
111. Which one of the following is not the criterion used to select potentiometer in a control
system?
(a) Accuracy (b) Noise
(c) Time response
(d) Frequency restiponse
Sol:Noise is not the criterion used to select potentiometer in a control system.
Hence, (b) is correct option
112. The resolution of DAC is governed by which one of the following (where n is the number
of digital inputs)?
(a)2n
(b) 2/n
(c) 2n
(d) 2n
Sol:Resolution = Vmax/(2n-1)
Hence, is correct option
113. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Spiral springs are used in instruments to
(a) Provide controlling torque
(b) provide damping torque
lead the current to moving coil as well as to provide the controlling torque
(d) Provide linear deflection
Sol:Spiral springs are used in instruments to lead the current to moving coil as well as to provide
the controlling torque.
Hence, is correct option
114. Which one of the following decides the time of response of an indicating instrument?
(a) deflecting system (b) controlling system (c) damping system (d) pivot and jewel bearing
Sol:Damping system decides the time of response of an indicating instrument.
Hence, is correct option

115. Which one of the following is measured by the loss of charge method?
(a) Low R
(b) High R
(c) Low L
(d) High L
Sol:High R is measured by the loss of charge method.
Hence, (b) is correct method.
116. The power of a three phase, three wire balanced system was measured by two wattmeter
method. The reading of one of the watt meters was found o be double that of the other. What is
the power factor of the system?
(a) 1
(b) 0.866
(c) 0.707
(d) 0.5
Sol:Cos = cos (tan-1(3(2P-P)/(2P+p)))
= 0.866
Hence, (b) is correct option
117. To measure 5 Volts, if one selects a 0-100 volt range voltmeter which is accurate within +
1%, then the error in this measurement may be up to
(a) + 1.5%
(b) + 2.5%
(c) + 7.5%
(d) + 20%
Sol:Magnitude of error = 1*100/100 1V
% of error = 1*100/5 = + 20%
Hence, (d) is correct option
\
118. The voltage coil of a single-phase house service energy meter
(a) is highly resistive
(b) is highly inductive
(c) is highly capacitive
a phase angle equal to load power factor angle.

(d) has

Sol:The voltage coil of a single-phase house service energy meter is highly inductive.
Hence, (b) is correct option
119. What is the series resistance required to extend the 0-100V range of a 20000/V meter to 01000 V?
(a) 10 M
(b) 16 M
(c) 18 M
(d) 20 M
Sol:Initial resistance = 20000100 = 2 M
Final resistance = 200001000 = 20 M
Therefore, series resistance = 20-2 = 18 M
Hence, is correct option
120. Hays bridge is suitable for the measurement of which one of the following?

(a) Inductance with Q<10

(b) Inductance with Q>10
(c) Capacitance with high dissipating
factors
(d) capacitance with low dissipating factors
Sol:Hays bridge is suitable for the measurement of Inductance with Q>10
Hence, (b) is correct option
121. A 0-100V voltmeter has an accuracy of 1 percent at full-scale reading. What will be the
error if it reads 50V?
(a) 1%
(b) 2%
(c) 0.5%
(d) 4%
Sol:Magnitude of limiting error = 0.01*100 = 1V
% error = 1*100/50 = 2%
Hence, (b) is correct option
122. The value of shunt resistance required to convert an ammeter of 1mA with 100 ohms
internal resistance into 0-100 mA ammeter is
(a) 2.2 ohm
(b) 1.01 ohm
(c) 1.2 ohm
(d) 1.1 ohm
Sol:Shunt resistance, Rsh = Rm/m-1
Where, Rm = 100 ohm and m = 100/1 = 100
Therefore, Rsh = 100/99 = 1.01 ohm
Hence, (b) is correct option
123. when reading is taken at half scale in the instrument, the error is
(a) exactly equal to half of full-scale error
(b) equal to full-scale error
less than full-scale error
(d)More than full-scale error
Sol:Always the error is taken as % of true value.
Hence, is correct option.
124. Match the following:
List I
A. Average value of current
B. RMS value of current
C. Frequency of a wave
D. Strain gauge resistance
Codes:
A
B
C
D
(a)
3
4
2
1

3
1
2
4

List II
1. Self balancing bridge
2. Wien bridge
3. PMMC ammeter
4. Moving iron ammeter

(b)
(d)

A
2
2

B
1
4

C
3
3

D
4
1

Sol:Average value of current is measured by PMMC ammeter.

RMS value of current is measured by Moving iron ammeter.
Frequency of a wave is measured by Wien bridge.
Strain gauge resistance is measured by Strain gauge resistance.
Hence, (a) is correct option
125. A rectifier instrument is used to measure an alternating square wave of amplitude 100V.
What is the meter reading?
(a) 100V
(b) 70.7V
(c) 111V
(d) None of these
Sol:Meter reading, V0 = 0.707 Vdc = 0.707100 = 70.7V.
Hence, (b) is correct option
126. A single slide wire is used for the measurement of current in a circuit. The voltage drop
across a standard resistance of 1.0 ohm is balanced at 70 cm. What is the magnitude of the
current, if the standard cell having an emf of 1.45 volts is balanced at 50 cm?
(a) 3.09 A
(b) 2.65 A
(c) 2.03 A
(d) 1.45 A
Sol:Voltage drop per unit length = 1.45/50 = 0.029 V/cm
Voltage drop across 70 cm length = 0.029 70 = 2.03 V
Therefore, current through resistor = 2.03/ 1 = 2.03 A
Hence, is correct option
127. What is the range for a 3 digital meter?
(a) 0 to 1999 (b) 0 to 1500 (c) 0 to 999 (d) 0 to 19999
Sol:A three digit display on a digital voltmeter for 0-1V range will be able to indicate vales from
zero to 999 mV, with smallest increment or resolution of 1mV. In practice a fourth digit usually
capable of indicating either 0 or 1 only is placed to the left of active digits. This permits going
above 999 to 1999 to give overlap between ranges for convenience. This is called over ranging.
This type of display is known as a 3 digit display.
Hence, (a) is correct option
128. A moving coil instrument gives full scale deflection for 1 mA and has a resistance of 5 ohm.
If a resistance of 0.55 ohm is connected in parallel to the instrument, what is the maximum value
of current it can measure?
(a) 5 mA
(b) 10 mA
(c) 50 mA
(d) 100 mA
Sol:V = 51 = 5V
New resistance = (555)/5.55 = 55/111
Therefore, Imax = (5111) / 55 = 10 mA

Hence, (b) is correct option

129. Data acquisition systems are usually of
(a) analog type
(b) digital type
(c) Integrating type

(d) hybrid type

Sol:Data acquisition systems are usually of digital type.

Hence, (b) is correct option
130. what is clamp-on ammeter used for?
(a) low ac current
(b) high ac current

(c) low dc current

(d) high dc current

Sol:Clamp on ammeter is used for high ac current.

Hence, (b) is correct option
131. which one of the following instrument is commonly used to measure primary current of a
transformer connected to mains?
(a) Electrostatic meter
(b) Current transformer
(c) Moving coil type meter
(d) moving iron meter
Sol:Moving iron ammeter is used to measure primary current of a transformer connected to mains.
Hence, (d) is correct option
132. The errors introduced by an instrument fall in which category?
(a) Systematic errors (b) random errors
(c) Gross errors
(d) Environmental errors
Sol:The errors introduced by an instrument fall in systematic errors category.
Hence, (a) is correct option
133. Which one of the following passive components has the most precise and accurate
standard?
(a) Resistance
(b) Inductance
(c) Capacitance
(d) Conductance
Sol:Inductance has the most precise and accurate standard.
Hence, (b) is correct option
134. Which amplifier is used in an electronic multimeter?
(a) power amplifier (b) Buffer amplifier (c) Differential amplifier
amplifier
Sol:Differential amplifier is used in an electronic multimeter.

(d) Wideband

Hence, is correct option

135. What is the approximate input impedance of a CRO?
(A) Zero
(B) 1 M
(C) 10

(D) 10

Sol:CRO has high i/p impedance.

Hence, (b) is correct option
136. Match List I (Type of Digital Voltmeter) with List II (It construction
features) and select the correct answer using the codes given below
the lists :
List I
List II
A. Basic ramp type DVM
1. Uses D/A converter
B. Staircase-ramp type DVM
2. True average value of
Input voltage using voltage
Frequency converter
C. Integrating type DVM
3. Servo-driven potentiometer
Is commonly used
D. Continuous balance type
4. Does not use D/A converter
DVM
Codes:
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
(A)
(C)

1
1

2
2

3
4

4
3

(B)
(D)

4
4

1
1

2
3

3
2

Sol:Integrating type DVM measure true average using voltage to conversion. Basic ramp
type DVM does not use D/A converter. Staircase-ramp type DVM uses D/A converter.
Continuous balance type DVM is used in servo-driven potentiometer.
Hence, (b) is correct option
137. The measurement of very low and very high frequencies is invariably done using a
frequency counter in which one of the following?
(A) Frequency measurement mode only
(B) Period measurement mode only
(C) Frequency and period measurement modes, respectively
(D) Period and frequency measurement modes, respectively
Sol:Low frequency measurement in frequency mode gives low-accuracy. So, period
measurement is used.
Hence, (d) is correct option.

138. Consider the following statements

(i) The compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensates the
effect of the impedance of the current coil.
(ii) The compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensates the
effect of the impedance of the voltage coil circuit.
(A) (i) is true but (ii) is false
(B) (i) is false but (ii) is true
(C) both (i) and (ii) are true
(D) both (i) and (ii) are false
Sol:Compensating coil of a low power factor wattmeter compensates the effect of the
impedance of pressure coil or voltage coil circuit.
Hence, (b) is correct option
139. Match the following:
List I (Instrument)
A. Moving iron and hot wire type
B. Galvanometer
C. PMMC type
D. Electrostatic type
Codes:
A
B
C
D
(a)
1
4
2
3

1
2
4
3

List II (Damping)
1. Air friction
2. Electromagnetic
3. Fluid friction
4. Eddy current

(b)
(d)

A
3
3

B
4
1

C
2
2

D
1
4

Sol:Air friction does not require the use of permanent magnet whose introduction may lead
to distortion of operating field. This damping is used whose operating field is weak. It is
generally used in moving iron, dynamometer, hotwire instruments.
Galvanometer uses electromagnet damping. PMMC type instrument uses eddy current
damping. Electrostatic instrument uses fluid friction damping.
Hence, is correct option.
140. In a vibrating reed type frequency meter, all the reeds
(a) are of identical dimensions and weight
(b) have different natural frequencies
have the same natural frequencies
(d) are not placed closed to an
electromagnet
Sol:Vibrating reed frequency meter indicates the supply frequency by means of individual
reeds. When rated voltage is applied across the terminals of the meter, the particular
reed whose natural frequency of vibration coincides with the supply frequency, vibrate
with full amplitude.
Hence, (b) is correct option

141. The main function of a damping torque in an indicating electrical instrument is to

(a) Bring the pointer to rest quickly
(b) Prevent sudden movement of the pointer
(c) Make pointer deflection gradual
(d) Provide friction
Sol:Due to moment of inertia present in the moving parts of the instrument, it cannot reach
quickly to its steady state. To bring it to steady state position, damping torque is required.
Hence, (a) is correct option
142. Electrostatic instruments are most commonly used as
(a) Ammeters
(b) Voltmeters
(c) Watt meters

(d) All of the above

Sol:Electrostatic instruments are most commonly used as Voltmeters.

Hence, (b) is correct option
143. Instrument transformers are known to introduce magnitude and phase errors in
measurements. These are primarily due to
(a) improper connections on the primary side
(b) measurement errors inherent in the meter connected to the transformer
secondary
(c) open and short circuit parameters of the instrument transformers
(d) None of the above
Sol:Magnitude and phase errors in measurements of an instrument transformers are
primarily due to open and short circuit parameters of the instrument transformers.
Hence, option is correct.

144. If an energy meter disc makes 10 revolutions in 100 seconds when a load of 450
W is connected to it, the meter constant (in rev/kWh) is
(a) 1000 (b) 500 (c) 1600 (d) 800