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STANDARD SPECIFICATION
CIVIL ENGINEERING
DOCUMENT NO.
TJE-C-SP-002
29 08 11
JK
AF
RDC
Rev.
Date
Prep.
By.
Description
Review By.
Approved By.
TABLE OF CONTENT
1
SCOPE
APPLICABLE PUBLICATION
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1.
Responsibilities
3.2.
Standard Verification
3.3.
Compaction Requirements
3.4.
Drainage
DESIGN CRITERIA
CONSTRUCTION METHODS
5.1.
Subgrade
5.2.
5.3.
5.4.
Surfacing
5.5.
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1. SCOPE
This standard outlines recommended construction practices for Tri Jaya Energi
Company for the subgrade, sub-base, base, and surfacing for plant roads, parking
areas and other areas that are to be surfaced. The procedures outlined should be
followed prior to the application of flexible surface courses for the above
described areas.
2. APPLICABLE STANDARDS
The following standards (latest edition) shall form a part of this specification:
ASTM:
ASTM D-698
ASTM D-1557
ASTM D-2049
AASHTO:
T 99
T 89
Liquid Limit
T 90
Plastic Limit
T 97
Plasticity Index
T 96
T 104
Soundness Level
T 88
Liquid Limit
T 193
CBR
T 27
Sieve Analysis
M 82
Cutback Bitumen
T 85
T 176
Sand Equivalent
Company Standards:
TJE-C-SP-001
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3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1. Responsibilities
It is Contractor's responsibility to the Company to ensure that whoever
performs the work follows all the provisions set out herein. In the event
that any of these provisions are impractical, it is the Contractor's
responsibility to immediately bring this to the Company's notice, in which
case, the Contractor should not proceed until written instruction are
received from the Company.
3.2. Standard Verification
Meeting of all standards specified herein will be verified at the
Contractor's expense by written documentation from an independent third
party testing service selected by the Company.
3.3. Compaction Requirements
Prior to the placement of surfacing material, the subgrade, sub-base and
base shall be so constructed that they will be compacted to the density
specified and will be uniform throughout the entire width. The subgrade
shall include the area for a distance of not less than 300 mm outside the
limits of the course immediately above. All construction shall conform to
the line, grade, and cross sections shown on the plan and/or as
established, based on the design criteria item 4.0 and approved by the
Company.
3.4. Drainage
Drainage work related to the road construction work is included in
specification TJE-C-SP-007. Drainage system shall be fully operative
before work is begun on the construction of subgrade, subbase, or
shoulders.
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4. DESIGN CRITERIA
Unless otherwise specified, the following is the design criteria to be used as
basis in plant site road design.
Pavement Slope
: 2 percent
: 1.5 m
Shoulder Slope
: 4 percent
Cycle Frequency
: 5 per hour
: 20 years
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5. CONSTRUCTION METHOD
5.1.
Subgrade
5.2.1. Description
The subgrade shall be that part of the work that is prepared for the
support of the sub-base or, if there is no sub-base, the base of the
pavement structures. It shall extend to the full width of roadbed
including the shoulders as shown on the drawings or as specified
herein.
Subgrade is considered in the following situations that are the
subjects or separate headings in Construction hereinafter:
5.2.2. Templates and Straightedges
Prior Works
No work shall be started on the preparation of the subgrade
before the Company has approved the prior works herein
described.
Degree of Compaction
All materials down to a depth of 300 millimeters below the
subgrade level shall be compacted to at least 95 percent of
the maximum dry density as determined according to
AASHTO T 99.
5.2.3. Subgrade in Earth Cut When the subgrade is in earth cut, it shall be
formed to the correct design transverse and longitudinal profiles,
but at a grade level higher than the final grade in order to allow for
the effect of compaction.
The soil shall be compacted with approved rollers and prior to
compaction; the moisture content shall be adjusted by watering
with approved sprinkler trucks, or by drying out as may be required,
in order that the degree of compaction specified may be attained.
If the nature of the soil is such as to make it impossible to obtain
the minimum CBR required by the project when compacted as
specified then the unsuitable material shall be removed.
At the subgrade level, the Contractor shall fill the holes caused by
the removal of the roots, as consequence of the execution of
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5.2.2. Materials
The sub-base course material shall consist of a mixture of crushed
rock fragments of uniform specific gravity together with fine
material confirming with the following requirements:
Wet Sieve Analysis
50.0 mm
37.5 mm
25.0 mm
19.0 mm
9.5 mm
No. 4
No. 10
No. 40
No.200
- Liquid Limit
- Plastic Index
- Soundness Loss Magnesium
Sulfate
- Abrasion Loss of Particles
Retained on Sieve No. 12
ASTM
- 10% Fine crushing resistance
test
The gradations in the table above represent the limits that shall
determine suitability of aggregate for use from the source of
supply. The final gradations decided on within the limits designated
in the table shall be well graded from coarse to fine and shall not
vary from the low limit on one sieve to the high limit on the
adjacent sieve or vice versa.
The amount of the fraction of material passing the No. 200 mesh
sieve shall not exceed one half the fractions passing the No. 40
mesh sieve.
The final aggregate material shall be free from any vegetable
matter, lumps or excessive amounts of soil or earth, and any other
objectionable or foreign substances.
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5.2.3. Construction
The materials for the sub-base course shall be blended at the
crusher lant or be imported pre-blended and shall be placed in a
homogeneous mix of all particle sizes. The sub-base course shall
be constructed in layers. Any layer shall not be less than 75 mm or
no more than 150 mm of compacted thickness. The material, as
spread, shall be of uniform gradation with no pockets of fine or
coarse materials. The sub-base shall not be spread more than 1500
square meters in advance of the rolling.
No sub-base material shall be placed on a soft or muddy underlying
course. Where more than one layer is required, the construction
procedure described herein shall apply similarly to each layer.
During the placing and spreading, sufficient caution shall be
exercised to prevent the incorporation of sub grade or other foreign
material in the sub-base mixture. After spreading, the sub-base
material shall be thoroughly compacted by rolling. Sufficient rollers
shall be furnished to adequately handle the rate placing and
spreading of the sub-base course. Rolling shall progress gradually
from the sides to the center of the lane under construction, or from
one side toward previously placed material, by lapping uniformly
each preceding track by at least 300 mm.
The rolling shall continue until the sub-base material is thoroughly
set and stable, and the sub-base material has been compacted to
not less than 98 percent of maximum dry density at optimum
moisture as determined by modified AASHTO compaction tests.
Blading and rolling shall be done alternately, as required or directed,
to obtain a smooth, uniformly compacted sub base.
When rolling develops irregularities that exceed 10 mm when
tested with a 3 meter straight edge, the irregular surface shall be
loosened and then refilled with sub-base material and again rolled
as required above. When required, the Contractor shall add water in
a uniform spray during sub base coursing operations in order to
provide close to optimum moisture content. Great care must be
taken to ensure excess water is not applied.
Any areas having excess moisture shall be suitably dried out before
further rolling operations. When complete, the sub-base course
shall have a minimum in-situ CBR value, when measured at the
surface, of not less than as specified on the drawings. The finished
surface shall be of a dense uniform mosaic appearance without any
areas of loose stones.
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5.3.
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The amount of the fraction of material passing the No. 200 mesh
sieve shall not exceed one-half the fraction passing the No. 40
mesh sieve.
The base course material shall be free from vegetation, lumps or
excessive amounts of soil or earth, and any other objectionable or
foreign substances.
5.3.3. Construction
Construction of base course layers shall not be carried out during
wet or rainy weather. Any deterioration of the sub-base layer shall
be made good to restore the layers being constructed over. Placing
and spreading of base course material shall commence where
designated by Company and shall progress without breaks.
The material shall be deposited and spread in lanes in a uniform
layer and without segregation of size, to such loose depth that
when the layer compacted will have a minimum thickness of 70
mm and maximum thickness of 100 mm.
Unless otherwise permitted by the Company, the aggregate shall
not be spread more than 1500 square meters in advance of the
rolling. Spreader boxes or other approved devices shall spread the
aggregate or methods that will spread the aggregate in the required
amount to avoid or minimize the need for re-handling the material
and to prevent rutting of the underlying coarse.
Dumping from vehicles in piles on the underlying coarse shall not
be permitted. Hauling over the uncompacted base course shall not
be permitted. No material shall be placed on a soft or muddy
underlying coarse. Where more than one layer is required, the
construction procedure described herein shall apply similarly to
each layer.
During the placing and spreading, sufficient caution shall be
exercised to prevent the incorporation of sub grade, sub-base, or
other material in the base coarse mixture.
After spreading, the crushed aggregate shall be thoroughly
compacted by rolling. The rolling shall progress gradually from the
sides to the center of the lane under construction, or from one side
towards previously placed material by lapping uniformly each
preceding rear-wheel track by one-half the width of such track.
Sheep foot toilers shall not be used.
The rolling shall continue until the stone is thoroughly set, and
creeping of the stone ahead of the roller is no longer visible. Any
areas of badly segregated materials shall be removed and replaced
with materials of specified grading and re-compacted to specified
standards.
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5.4.
The base course shall be constructed to not less than 100 percent
of maximum dry density at optimum moisture content by modified
AASHTO-99. The finished surface shall be of a dense uniform
mosaic appearance without any areas of loose stones and shall be
to a tolerance of plus 0, minus 20 mm compared with the lines and
levels given on the Drawings.
When complete, the base course layer shall have an in-situ CBR
value, when measured at the surface, of not less than specified on
the drawings.
Furthermore, the surface shall be to such regularity that there will
be no deviation of more than 10 mm when measured with a three
(3) meter long straight edge in between points of change of grade.
Surfacing
5.4.1. Bituminous Prime Coat
a. Description
This work shall consist of furnishing and applying bituminous
material to a previously prepared base course surface in
accordance with these specifications and to the width shown on
the typical cross sections on the drawings.
b. Materials
1. Blotter Materials
Blotter material shall be clean sand or aggregate passing a
4.75 mm sieve, free from any cohesive material, and it shall
be approved by the Company. Spread rate shall be
approximately 6 kg/m.
2. Bituminous Material
Bituminous material shall be cut back bitumen conforming to
AASHTO Specification M 82. The grade of the cut back
bitumen shall be Medium-Curing-MC70, with spraying
temperature range between 40oC up to 80oC and maximum
loading temperature 90oC.
c. Construction
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1. Weather Limitation
Prime coat shall be applied only when the surface to be
treated is dry or slightly damp and when the weather is not
rainy.
2. Equipment
The equipment used by the Contractor shall include a roller,
a power broom and/or a power blower, a self-powered
pressure bituminous material distributor, and equipment for
heating bituminous material.
The distribution equipment shall have pneumatic tires of
such width and number that the load produced on the road
surface shall not exceed 100 kg per cm of tire width. They
shall be so designed, equipped, maintained, and operated
that bituminous material at even heat may be applied
uniformly on variable widths of surface up to 5 m. At readily
determined and controlled rates of from 0.2 to 9 kg/sq. with
uniform pressure, and with an allowable variation from any
specified rate not to exceed 0.1 kg/sq.m. Distributor
equipment shall include a tachometer, pressure gages,
accurate volume measuring devices as calibrated tank, and a
thermometer for measuring temperature of tank contents.
Distributors shall be equipped with a separate power unit for
the pump and full circulation spray bars that shall be
adjustable laterally and vertically.
The spray bars on the distributors shall be controlled by a
bootman riding at the rear of the distributor in such a
position that the operation off sprays is in his full view.
3. Cleaning Surface
Immediately before applying the bituminous material, all
loose dirt and other objectionable material shall be removed
from the surface with a power broom and/ or blower as
required. Or the surface shall be lightly bladed and rolled
immediately prior to the application of bituminous material,
in which case brooming or blowing will not be required. As
approved by the Company, a light application of water shall
be made just before the application of bituminous material.
4. Application of Bituminous Material
Bituminous material shall be applied by means of a
distributor at the rates approved by the Company, which will
usually be from 0.4 to 1.2 kg/sq. m and at a temperature
within the range called for with the particular material being
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Dressing
Bituminous material
Cubical Chipping Grading B
Dressing
Bituminous material
Cubical Chipping Grading E
2.0 l/m
20 kg/m
1.2 l/m
14 kg/m
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5.5.
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