Fluid

Assignment
Submitted By
Madhav Aggarwal
2k13/ME/087
LMN Batch

[Pick the date]

Question 1 (5-27)
Solution We are to discuss the three major assumptions used in the derivation of the Bernoulli
equation.
The three major assumptions used in the derivation of the Bernoulli equation are that the flow is
steady,
there is negligible frictional effects, and the flow is incompressible.

Question 2 (5-98)
Solution Water is flowing through a venturi meter with known diameters and measured pressures.
The flow rate of
water is to be determined for the case of frictionless flow.
Assumptions 1 The flow through the venturi is steady, incompressible, and irrotational with
negligible friction (so that the
Bernoulli equation is applicable). 2 The flow is horizontal so that elevation along the centerline is
constant. 3 The pressure
is uniform at a given cross-section of the venturi meter (or the elevation effects on pressure
measurement are negligible).
Properties We take the density of water to be = 1000 kg/m3.
We take point 1 at the main flow section and point 2 at the throat along the centerline of the
venturi meter.
Noting that z1 = z2, the application of the Bernoulli equation between points 1 and 2 gives

P1-P2 =

- (1)

The flow is assumed to be incompressible and thus the density is constant. Then the conservation
of mass relation for this
single stream steady flow device can be expressed as

v1 =

and v2 =

(2)

Substituting into Eq. (1),

P1-P2 =
Solving for

gives the desired relation for the flow rate

Question 3

(8-93C)

Solution We are to discuss the operation of positive displacement flowmeters.

A positive displacement flowmeter operates by trapping a certain amount of incoming
fluid,
displacing it to the discharge side of the meter, and counting the number of such
discharge-recharge cycles to
determine the total amount of fluid displaced. Positive displacement flowmeters are
commonly used to meter gasoline,
water, and natural gas because they are simple, reliable, inexpensive, and highly accurate even
when the flow is unsteady.

Question 4

(9-43)

Solution We are to generate an expression for the stream function along a vertical line in a given
flow field.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady. 2 The flow is incompressible. 3 The flow is two-dimensional in
the x-y plane. 4 The
flow is fully developed.
We start by picking one of the two definitions of the stream function (it doesnt matter which part
we
choose the solution will be identical).

Next we integrate Eq. 1 with respect to y, noting that this is a partial integration and we must add
an arbitrary function of
the other variable, x, rather than a simple constant of integration.

Now we choose the other part of the definition of , differentiate Eq. 2, and rearrange as follows:

where g(x) denotes dg/dx since g is a function of only one variable, x. We now have two
expressions for velocity
component v, the given equation and Eq. 3. We equate these and integrate with respect to x to find
g(x),
v = 0 = g(x)

g(x)=0

g (x)=C

(4)

Note that here we have added an arbitrary constant of integration C since g is a function of x only.
Finally, plugging Eq. 4
into Eq. 2 yields the final expression for ,

We find constant C by employing the boundary condition on . Here, = 0 along y = 0 (the bottom
wall). Thus C
is equal to zero by Eq. 5, and

Along the top wall, y = h, and thus

Stream function along top wall:

Question 5

(9-113)

Solution For each equation we are to tell whether it is linear or nonlinear and explain.
(a) The incompressible continuity equation is
The incompressible continuity equation:

V = 0

(1)

This equation is linear. There are no nonlinear terms.

(b) The compressible continuity equation is
The compressible continuity equation:

This equation is nonlinear. The second term has a product of two variables,
what makes the equation
nonlinear.

and V this is

(c) The incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equation:

This equation is nonlinear. The material acceleration term on the left can be written as

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equation:

The advective part of Eq. 4 contains products of variable V and derivatives of variable this is what
makes the
equation nonlinear.