Quick APA Referencing Guide

In the tables below there is two types of examples, what your bibliography should
include, and how you should format your in-text reference.
APA does not use footnotes, it uses in-text referencing. Several examples are
included here (you would write the bolded section):
Author and Date Cited in Text (no parenthetical citation necessary)
In a 1989 article, Gould explores some of Darwin's most
effective metaphors.

Author Not Cited in Text

As metaphors for the workings of nature, Darwin used the
tangled bank, the tree of life, and the face of nature
(Gould, 1989).

Author Cited in Text

Gould (1989) attributes Darwin's success to his gift for
making the appropriate metaphor.

Direct Quotation with Name of Author

Gould (1989) explains that Darwin used the metaphor of
the tree of life "to express the other form of
interconnectednessgenealogical rather than ecologicaland
to illustrate both success and failure in the history of life"
(p. 14).

Direct Quotation without Name of Author

Darwin used the metaphor of the tree of life "to express
the other form of interconnectednessgenealogical rather
than ecological" (Gould, 1989, p. 14).

Each of the examples above is an in-text reference to the following bibliography

entry:
Gould, S. J. (1989). The wheel of fortune and the wedge of progress. Natural
History, 89(3), 14-21.

The above examples were obtained from:

Hall, Leilani (2008). APA Style Guide. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from
California State University Sacremento Web site:
http://library.csus.edu/guides/rogenmoserd/general/apa.html
General guide to the format you should use in your bibliography.

Type of resource
Book by a single author
Book by two or more authors
Book with an editor
Anonymous book
Article from an encyclopedia
Magazine or newspaper
article
Article from an online
database - with an author
Article from an online
database without an author
World Wide Web site with
author
World Wide Web site no
author, but with a site owner

Bibliography
Author last name, first name. (Year published). Title of Book. Place of publication:
publisher.
Author last name, first name and second author last name, first name. (year
published) Title of Book. Place of publication: publisher.
Author last name, first name ed. (Year published). Title of Book. Place of
publication: publisher.
Title of Book. (Year published). Place of publication: publisher.
Author last name, first name. (Year published). Article name. Encyclopedia Name.
Place of publication: publisher.
Author last name, first name. (Date of publication). Article name. Publication
Name, page numbers.
Author last name, first name. (Date published). Article name. Magazine Name.,
volume of magazine page numbers. Retrieved date accessed.
http://address_of_database.
Article name. (Date published) Publication name., page number. Retrieved date
accessed. http://web_address_for_database.
Author last name, first name. (Year or date updated). Name of web site.
Retrieved date accessed. http://address_of_website.
Owner of website. . (Year or date updated) Article or name of web page. Name of
website. Retrieved date accessed. http://address_of_website

Examples of each type of source and what you could include in your in-text reference.
Type
Book by a single
author
Book by two or
more authors

Example
Bernstein, Theodore M. (1965). The Careful Writer: A Modern Guide to
English Usage. New York: Athenaeum.
Strunk, William, Jr., and E. B. White. (1979). The Elements of Style. New
York: Macmillan.

Book with an
editor

Gibbs, Jewelle Taylor, and Larke Namhe Huang, eds. (1991). Children of
Color: Psychological Interventions with Minority Youth. San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass.
Holy Bible: New International Version. (1984). Grand Rapids: Zondervan,.

Anonymous book
Article from an
encyclopedia
Magazine or
newspaper article
Article from an
online database with an author
Article from an
online database
no author
Photograph from
AP Photo

Froehlich, Karlfried. (2002). Crusades. Grolier Encyclopdia. New York:

Scholastic, Inc.
Mehta, Pratap Bhanu. (6 June 1998). Exploding Myths. Time: 65-67.
Pogue, Dennis. (February 2005). Digging for Trash and Finding Treasure at
Mount Vernon. Magazine Antiques, v168 p88(8). 1 Retrieved 7 February 2006
from Gale InfoTrac One File.
Troops Break Up Mass In Church-Castro Riff. (23 August 1960). Washington
Post Times Herald, p A5. Retrieved from Proquest .
Rosa Parks Anniversary. Photograph. (1December 2001). AP Photo Archives.
Retrieved 17 February 2006. AP Photo Archives online access.

In-Text
(Bernstein,
1965, 148)
(Strunk and
White, 1979,
23)
(Gibbs and
Huang, 1991,
354)
(Holy Bible,
1984, 356)
(Froehlich,
2002, 456)
(Mehta,
1998, 66)
(Pogue, 2005,
90)
(Troops,
1960, A5)
(Rosa Parks,
2001)

Archives
World Wide Web
site with author
World Wide Web
site no author,
but with a site
owner

Benson, L.D. (2004). Geoffrey Chaucer Web Page. Retrieved 17 February

2006 from http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu.
City Profile: San Francisco. (2006) CNN Cable News Network. Retrieved 7
February 2006 from
http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/atevo/city/SanFrancisco/intro.html.

(Benson,
2004)
(City Profile:
San
Francisco,
2006)

The above summary tables were obtained from:

APA Style Guide. Retrieved February 17, 2009, from Mount Vernon High School Media Centre Web
site: http://www.fcps.edu/MtVernonHS/media_center/citation_guides/mvhs_apa_style_guide.pdf

Referencing.
Websites
1. Regular website Reference
Last, First I. And Last, First I. Title of Article. Title of Website.
(Date of
Publication if not available put n.d. for no date). Retrieved on this
date at
www.putwebsitehere.com.
2. If there is no Author, then start with the title of the article.
Title of Article. Title of Website. (Date of Publication, if not available
put n.d. for
no date). Retreived on this date at www.putwebsitehere.com.
Books
Last, First I. Title of the Book. Edition number if necessary. Year of
Publication.
City of Publication: Publication Company.
Journal or Article
Last, First I. Title of Article. Title of Place it was published. (Date of
Publication).

Volume (Issue): Page Number.

At the end of your paper, you should have the title Works Cited.
Under this title, you list the references used in your paper in
alphabetical order by the authors last name. If you have articles that
do not have an author, then you should put the article in order based on
the first letter of the title. Only the articles that you use should be
listed under the Works Cited title.
When you write your paragraph, the person that reads it needs to know
where every idea that was not originally yours came from. So you need
to reference it. You can do this several ways:
1. Insert a footnote or endnote.
2. In text referencing. This is the easiest.
a. In the text of your paragraph, you insert the reference
after every idea that was not originally yours (Lester,
2008). To reference in text, you write the last name of
the author of the article, a comma, and then the year of
publication (Lester, 2008). Lester (2008) also says that
you can reference like this. If you have more than one
article written by the same person and in the same year
you can add a letter a or b behind the year to
distinguish what article you are talking about (Lester,
2008b). When you do this, you have to make sure to
add the same letter when writing out your reference in
the Works Cited.
Referencing Activity
1. Go to http://www.purchon.com/physics/electromagnetic.htm
and reference it.

2. Go to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1509117 and
reference it.

3. Go to
http://physics.about.com/od/lightoptics/a/electrspectrum.htm
and reference it.
4. Go to section 4.3 in your textbook and reference it.

5. Use APA citing (in text) to cite a line from each of the sources
above.