An Advance Intelligent Ambulance With Online Patient Monitoring System

IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

Email: editoriijec@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-5984
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015
An Advance Intelligent Ambulance With Online

Patient Monitoring System
Ankit Jha, Lalit Kanwar, Mayur Solanki, Shyam Sunder Joshi , Smt. Sarita Chauhan
ABSTRACT
The traffic congestion problems are the phenomenon which contributed huge impact to the transportation system. Ambulance
service is one of the major services which get affected by traffic jams. So many important schedules get delayed due to these
traffic jams. To solve this problem we have come up with the solution of An Advance Intelligent Ambulance With Online
Patient Monitoring System. In this, we will track the patients health conditions with following parameters such as heart rate,
body temperature, etc. These parameters are sent to any specified cell phone using GSM unit. This system is designed to
operate the traffic light, when it receives signals from an emergency vehicles whose signal transmissions are based on radio
frequency (RF). This system used 8052, AVR micro-controller for triggering purposes to change the normal state to the
emergency state. Here we use an assembly programming for better accuracy and GPS and GSM modules which will trace the
vehicle anywhere on the globe. According to this project, when patients parameters exceed the normal values then the sensor
will detect the signal and sends it to micro-controller. The micro-controller will send the alert message through the GSM to an
authorized mobile number, which will help in providing better facilities to the patient.
Keywords:GPS and GSM modules, micro-controller,radio frequency signals.
1. INTRODUCTION
The countries are facing so much problems on traffic light. The intersections between emergency vehicles andother
public vehicles cause many accidents [1] [2]. The ambulances are facing difficulties to reach the destination on time
because of the traffic congestion. Moreover, the situation is getting worse when an emergency vehicles have to wait for
other vehicles to give way at traffic lights. This causes a delay of time and may affect the emergency case. Besides, the
collisions with other vehicles from other direction might occur at intersections when emergency vehicles had to
override the red traffic lights. All these difficulties faced by emergency vehicles can be avoided using this traffic light
control system based on radio frequency. When ambulance vehicle reached at the traffic light intersection, the signal
code will sent information of frequency modulation to the receiver which will work in between 100 meter range. The
receiver module will demodulate the received code and the red traffic light will automatically be triggered at all the
junctions and ambulance will easily reached to the destination. The ambulance will send radio frequency signals to the
traffic control unit to manage the traffic light. Thus, the ambulance will have the special route from the other primary
vehicles to reach the destination. The sensors which are attached in the ambulance system will monitor the patients
health and if the status exceeds the nominal values, the GSM module send the tracked data to the other GSM unit. In
this way the hospital unit will get ready to treat the patient before it reached to the hospital. The main advantage of this
project is that it is operated on 5V DC only, which can be easily available.
2. TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM

Whenever the ambulance get nearer to the traffic lighti.e. in the range of approximately 100 meter, the traffic signal
will be made to green through RF communication. Thereby the ambulance is recommended to reach the hospital in
time. This will save the patient from delaying in the traffic.
2.1 Radio Frequency Transmission
A radio frequency (RF) signal begins as an electricalalternating current (AC) signal that is originally generated by a
transmitter. This AC signal is sent via a copper conductor which usually a coaxial cable and radiated out of an antenna
element in the form of an electromagnetic wave. Changes of current flow in the antenna produce changes in the
electromagnetic fields around the antenna [2]. The figure 1 shows the block diagram of transmitting unit. This unit
consists of decoders, PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) micro-controller with RF transmitter.
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Figure 1Block diagram of transmitting signal unit

2.2 RF Based Wireless Remote Tx-Rx Modules
This circuit utilizes the RF module, transmitter and receiver (TX-RX) for making a wireless remote [4], which could be
used to drive an output from a distant place. RF module uses radio frequency to send signals. These signals are
transmitted at particular frequency. A receiver can receive these signals only ifit is configured for that frequency [3].
The figure 2 shows interfacing of PIC with HT12D encoder, GSM modem, etc.
Figure 2 Block diagram for interfacing of PIC with other devices

A four channel encoder/decoder pair has also been used in this system. The input signals at the transmitter side are
taken through four switches whilethe outputs are monitored on a set of four light emitting diodes (LED) corresponding
to each input switch. The circuit can be used for designing remote appliance control system. This RF transmission
system employs Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) with transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operating at 434 MHz. The
transmitter module takes serial input and transmits these signals through RF. The transmitted signals are received by
the receiver module placed away from the source of
transmission. The decoder is used after the RF receiver to decode the serial format and retrieve the original signals as
outputs. These outputs can be observed on corresponding LEDs. Transmission through RF is better than infrared (IR)
because of many reasons. The figure 3 shows the blocks used in receiving signal unit which is connected at the traffic
light end.
Figure 3 Block diagram of receiving signal unit

Firstly, signals through RF can travel through largerdistances making it suitable for long range applications. Besides,
while IR mostly operates in line-of-sight mode, RF signals can travel even when there is an obstruction between
transmitter and receiver. Next, RF transmission is more strong and reliable than IR transmission. RF communication
uses a specific frequency unlike IR signals which are affected by other IR emitting sources.
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3. HOSPITAL SYSTEM
One of the receiver units is hospital unit. This unit includes GSM trans-receiver. In this setup, GSM is used as source
of information to hospital from ambulance. GSM is duplex unit and capable of transferring data as well as voice.
Parameters of patient measured in ambulance are received by GSM receiver with delay of 5 sec. These parameters
should be displayed on screen, so GSM has accompanied with computer specified cell phone, which is compatible to
receive data in appropriate form which is very user friendly.
In this way, we are using stack for storing receiveddata. After every 5 sec interval, data get updated and displayed on
monitors. According to displayed data, appropriate action required can be suggested via message or call as process of
typing a message and sending it, is very time consumable, call back is prefers. So we are using GSM unit in simplex
mode, so as to avoid its time restrictions. So, at hospital unit GSM and computer fulfill the need of receiver application.
The GPS is installed in the ambulance which sendsthe location. The unit consists of a user interface, GPSsystem and a
GSM module [5]. The block diagram for hospital system unit is shown in figure 4.
Figure 4 Block diagram of hospital system unit
4. AMBULANCE SYSTEM
As we have already discussed about the RF signalswhich are used in signal transmission and reception. The transmitter
section for traffic light controlling is fixed in the ambulance unit. As you can see in the block diagram in figure 5, there
are various important components that makes the ambulance control unit or ambulance unit to work properly.
Figure 5 Block diagram of Ambulance Unit

Heart rate is very important parameter in patientshealth monitoring. It is being monitored by the sensing circuit which
uses L14F1 and LM35 [7]. The heart rate is then interfaced with programmable interface controller (PIC). Similarly
regarding the temperature of patient we are using LM35 as the sensing unit. It does not require any signal conditioning
unit as it gives the output in adequate form with respect to Amplitude and accuracy. The sensor consists of a super
bright red LED and light detector [8]. The LED needs to be super bright as the light must pass through finger and
detected at other end see in figure6. When the heart pumps apulse of blood through the blood vessels, the finger
becomes slightly more opaque and so less light reached the detector. With each heart pulse the detector signal varies.
This variation is converted to electrical pulse. This signal is amplified and triggered through an amplifier which
outputs +5V logic level signal. The output signal is also indicated on top by a LED which blinks on each heartbeat.
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Figure 6 Heart Beat sensor principle

The following components are used in this unit. Each components of this unit are very necessary for complete working.
MAX 232.
GSM Trans-receiver.
HT12E Encoder.
Tx 433 (Transmitter Module).
The proposed system uses a micro-controller interfaced with sensors, which changes the junction timing automatically
to accommodate movement of vehicles smoothly avoiding unnecessary waiting time at the junction. The MAX232 has
two receivers and two drivers. This means only two of the RS-232 signals can be converted in each direction. Typically
a pair of a driver/receiver of the MAX232 is used for TX and RX signals, and the second one for CTS and RTS signals.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellitenavigation system that provides location and time information in all
weather conditions, anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to GPS satellites. In this
project we use a
GPS system which is attached with ambulance system. This GPS store the tracked location and send it over the GSM
modem to the hospital unit or the preferred destination.
Figure 7GSM Modem with SIM card for sending patients data
5. SIMULATED RESULTS
For compilation and simulation of coding KEIL and PROTEUS software are used. Simulation helps you understand
hardware configurations and avoids time wasted on setup problems. When testing the software application with target
hardware, use the MON51, MON390, MONADI, or FlashMON51 Target Monitors, the ISD51 In-System Debugger, or
the ULINK USBJTAG
Adapter to download and test program code on your target system.
There are two types of AT commands: basic commands and extended commands. Basic commands are AT commands
that do not start with +. For example, D (Dial), A (Answer), H (Hook control) and O (Return to online data state) are
basic commands.
Extended commands are AT commands that start with +. All GSM AT commands are extended commands. For
example, +CMGS (Send SMS message), +CMSS (Send SMS message from storage), +CMGL (List SMS messages)
and +CMGR (Read SMS messages) are extended commands.
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A. Traffic Light Simulation
Figure 8Software simulation
Figure 9 Green light at position 1 is ON
Figure 11 Yellow light at position 4 is ON for 10 secs
Figure 10Green light at position 4 is ON for 10 secs
Figure 12Normal traffic light sequence
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B. Simulation For LCD
Figure 13 Software simulation for LCD

The output of LCD can be seen in Figure14. The LCDshows the readings of patients temperature and heart rate/ heart
beat. The figure 8 to figure 14 are the outputs from the software and the hardware.
Figure 14 LCD output from hardware
6. PROJECTS ADVANTAGES AND FUTURE SCOPES

There are several advantages of this projects. By using its concepts we can implement various useful applications.
Some of the advantages are as follows:
Ambulance service will no longer be affected bytraffic jams.
Use of radio frequency signal which cannot beblocked by objects.
Over a wide range applicability.
One time investment cost.
Helpful in saving people life.
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For future works, we can implement this project by using GPS system. This project can be enhanced in such away as
tocontrol automatically the signals depending on the traffic density on the roads using sensors like IRDetector/receiver
module extended with automatic turn off when no vehicles are running on any side of the road which helps in power
consumption saving.
In ambulance system, the data of the patient in the ambulance can be sent to the Hospitals via GSM technology. Thus,
it can provide early and fast treatment of the patient.
7. CONCLUSION
This project have achieved the main objective statedearlier which is analyzing and implementing the wireless
communication; the radio frequency (RF) transmission in the traffic light control system for emergency vehicles. The
prototype of this project is using the frequency of 434 MHz compared to the range of about 3 kHz to 300 GHz of
frequency which have been reserved for the RF theoretically. Besides, the functionality of this project proved that the
other objectives have been successfully attained which are designing an emergency sequence mode of traffic light when
emergency vehicles passing by an intersection and changing the sequence back to the normal sequence before the
emergency mode was triggered. The sequences for this project
has been developed using the programming in the micro-controller AVR.
In future, this prototype system can be improvedby controlling the real traffic situation and the study can be done by
investigating the length, reception and transmission issue for the system to be operated with this traffic light system.
Real time Wireless technology can be implemented in the same design, wherein the patients useful parameters will be
sent to the hospital
unit via hi-tech technology. So that the exact situation of the patient will be known to the doctors and necessary initial
treatment could be provided.
Wireless and mobile technologies are key components that would help enable patients suffering from chronicheart
diseases to live in their own homes and lead their normal life, while at the same time being monitored for any cardiac
events. This will not only serve to reduce the burden on the resources of the healthcare center but would also improve
the quality of healthcare sector.
REFERENCES
[1]. Mr.S.Iyyappan, Mr.V.Nandagopal, Automatic Accident Detection And Ambulance Rescue With Intelligent
TrafficLight System, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation
Engineering Vol. 2, Issue 4, April 2013.
[2]. Sachin Jaiswal, Tushar Agarwal, Akanksha Singh and Lakshita, Intelligent Traffic Control Unit, International
Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering 2(2): 66-72(2013).
[3]. Amnesh Goel, Nidhi Chandra, Sukanya Ray Intelligent Traffic Light System to Prioritized Emergency Purpose
Vehicles Based On Wireless Sensor Network, IJCA (0975-8887) Volume 40-No.12, February 2012.
[4]. N. M. Z. Hashim, A. S. Jaafar, N. A. Ali, L. Salahuddin, N. R. Mohamad, M. A. Ibrahim Traffic Light Control
System for Emergency Vehicles Using Radio Frequency, IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN),e-ISSN: 22503021, p-ISSN: 2278-8719, Vol. 3, Issue 7 (July. 2013), -V5-PP 43-52.
[5]. A. Brown,Y.Lu, and J. Nordlie, Integrated GPS/TOA Navigation using a Positioning and Communication
software Defined Radio, Precedings of ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, California, September 2005.
[6]. Malik Tubaishat, Qi Qi, Yi Shang, Hongchi Shi Wireless Sensor-Based Traffic Light Control IEEE CCNC 2008
proceedings 1-4244-1457-1/08.
[7]. Y. Chen, Wireless heart rate monitor with infrared detecting module, US2005075577-A1, 2005.
[8]. S. Rhee, B.-H. Yang, and H. H. Asada, Modeling of Finger Photoplethysmography for Wearable Sensors, The
1999 Annual Fall Meeting of the Biomedical Engineering.
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IPASJ International Journal of Electronics & Communication (IIJEC)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJEC/IIJEC.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 3, Issue 4, April 2015