Q1/ What do you know about an A.C. Machine?

Consists of stationary stator and rotating rotor.

AC machines are less expansive and easier to maintain than DC
motor.
Majority AC motor are used.

Q2/ State the types of A.C. Machine ?

1- Synchronous Machine
2- Asynchronous Machine
Q5/ State the causes behind the failure of :Squirrel Cage Induction Motor:

Open circuit in supply phases

Blown fuses
Seized bearing
Excessive load connected
Rotor fan rubbing on stator
Worn contact on star/delta starter
Terminal voltage is too low

Slip Ring Induction Motor:

Blown fuses
Seized bearing
Rotor winding faulty
Brush spring tension in adequate
Open circuit in rotor resistance
Open circuit in supply voltage
Excessive load connected
Rotor for rubbing on stator
Brushes not making contact with slip rings

6/ "A Squirrel Cage rotor cannot develop short circuit & ground
fault". Justify the statement.

Short do not occur in squirrel cage rotor because rotor bars are
already intentionally shorted together by end rings
Ground do not occur in squirrel cage rotor because the bars are not
insulated from the rotor.

Q7/Write a brief note on the troubles of wound rotor?

When machine fails to start at reduce speed:

Rheostat should be checked for possible open brushes, Should
checked for freedom of movement and good contact with slip rings
If rheostat suspected short the 3 slip rings will make the motor
starting at low torque , hence motor should not have load.
If does not work , there is an open in stator or motor circuit.

Q8,Q3/ Compare a squirrel cage and slip ring rotors?

Squirrel Cage Rotor :-

Most common type

Cheap and with correct driver, it is suitable for most applications
Called squirrel cage because it is look like a cage for squirrel to play
The cage bar made of aluminum of brass
Joined to the conducting end rings which short circuit the bars
Poor starting torque but excellent performance.

Slip Ring / Wound Rotor :-

Has slots for 3 phase winding coils.

For application where frequency start/stop is required with heavy
inertia loads.
It has 3 slip rings that connect the rotor phases to supply.

Q9/ Describe the procedure to test a Star/Delta connected

induction motor for an OPEN CIRCUIT fault using :Ohmmeter
1- Use megger and needle point probes.
2- The needle points easily penetrate the insulation.
3- One probe is connected to the phase and other to each junction
until megger read high resistance.
4- The fault is between the zero and high junctions resistance.

Test Lamp:1- If motor WYE, connect one lead to the neutral (Middle Point) and
other lead is connected to each phase. If lights then it's close if not
then it's open.
2- If motor Delta, disconnect all phases and then test each phase
separately, if it's lights it's close it not then it's open.
3- To test faulty phase, connect one test lead to one phase and other
lead to the coils, if light then it's close if not then it's open.
4- Q10/ Describe the procedure to test and troubleshoot
SHORTED STATOR coils using growler
1- The growler acts as primary of the transformer and the stator coils
acts as secondary

2- The growler is moved from slot to slot

3- The growler vibrates with loud noise when directly over a shorted
coil.

Q11/Describe the procedure to test and troubleshoot GROUNDED

STATOR coils using voltmeter.

Apply reduced voltage between terminals and ground.

Rheostat adjusted to permit sufficient current flow to defective coil
to cause overheating and smoking at point of grounding.

Q12/ Describe the procedure to test and troubleshoot SHORTED

STATOR coils using :Balance test:Measure the current in each phase by clamp on meter while the
motor is running.
The current should be same for each phase, the higher reading
usually indicates shorted phase.
Sensory Inspection:Use sense of touch, operate the motor for few minutes, the
defective shorted coil will be come much hotter than the others.
Q13/ How will toy perform emergency repair of a
SHORTED/GROUNDED stator.

Cut the defective coil in half.

The open ends should be separated from each other, properly
insulated and tied down to prevent movement.
Coils leads should be disconnected and use a jumper to complete
the circuit.
If machine has only few coils, cutting one coil will have serious
effect, but if it's large machine (10,000HP) it will have no serious
effect .

Q14/ What do you know about a Single-Phase Induction Motor?

It is cheap, low maintenance and robust and doesn't have starting torque,
and require several method to make itself starting.
Q15/ State the types of Single-Phase motor?
1- Single phase induction motor
2- Commutator-Type, Single phase motor
3- Single phase , Synchronous motor.
Q16/ List the components of capacitor start induction motor?
12345-

Circuit breaker.
Main winding
Auxiliary winding
Capacitor (Normally close centrifugal switch)
Centrifugal mechanism

Q18/ When a winding is said to be grounded? During the test of

ground, if following resistances are observed, what are the
interpretations of these test result?

A reading or zero or very low resistance Grounded

A reading of several hundred ohms resistance High resistance
ground
A reading of 100,000 or more Not Grounded

Q19/ What is high resistance ground?

It's when the megger reads a several hundred ohms between motor leads
and motor frame.
Q20/ Describe the procedure to test and troubleshoot an OPEN main
(running) and auxiliary (Starting) windings of a capacitor-start induction
motor using :Ohmmeter :

Locate the leads of starting and running winding.

Measure each winding with ohmmeter.
Infinite reading indicate open circuit.

Test Lamp :

Lead of test lamp is connected in series with the winding.

If lamp lights the circuit is complete, if not light then the there's
open circuit

Q21/ Describe the procedure to test and troubleshoot SHORTED

STATOR coils using internal growler.
1- Using internal growler,
2- Placed on inner stator core and slowly moved around

3- The reading of ammeter should be constant, but if sudden increase

it's mean short circuit.
4- If growler held at point for short time, the shorted coil will get
extremely hot.

Q22/ Briefly explain the maintenance of centrifugal switch.

1- Spring-loaded ring might not move to open the contacts
2- Manually operate ring to see if contact open when pushed, if not
replace.
3- Dirt accumulated between the contacts, check resistance across the
contacts it should be near zero , if high resistance clean contacts by
sanding them.
Q23/ What is the specific function of capacitor in capacitor-start
induction motor?
Capacitor used to improve the starting torque of the motor.
Q24/ List the causes behind the failure of capacitor?
1- Capacitor may short it self out
2- Capacitor may opened
3- Capacitor may short circuit and cause the fuse to blow, or fuse
rating is high and starting windings may burn
4- Capacitor can short circuit if motor turned on and off many times
fast.
Q25/ Describe the Procedure to test capacitor?
Method 1 :-

Connect the capacitor in series with a 10 A fuse across 110 V line

If fuse burn capacitor short circuited
If fuse not burn charge the capacitor for few seconds
After charged , short the terminals with insulated screw driver ,
strong spark indicate good capacitor ,no spark or weak spark
indicate bad capacitor.

Method 2 :-

Discharge the capacitor then connect ohmmeter.

Capacitor will charge up to voltage equal to battery's voltage.
The meter won't deflect if capacitor is open
If ohmmeter shows 0 ohm it's dead short
Leaky shorted capacitor may indicate a few thousand ohms.

Q26,27/ Prepare the troubleshooting chart for a single-phase

induction motor in tabular form as shown below with at least 3 or
4 causes & remedies, if the motor has following troubles:

12345-

Motor does not start

Motor runs hot
Motor runs slow
Motor noisy
Operates at low efficiency

S.N
o

Trouble

Possible
Cause

Remedies

Motor does not start

Blown fuses

Check physically
and replace if
needed
Check with
series test lamp
and replace
Check with test
lamp and
correct
Check the
winding and
polarity of coil
with test lamp. If
any end Is
broken join it , if
polarity is wrong
correct it
Check with
series test lamp
and replace
Check with test
lamp and
correct
Reduce the load
to normal
Reduce the load
Stop the motor.
Check
centrifugal
switch and
replace if
needed
Stop the motor
until voltage is
normal
Stop the motor

Defective
starting
mechanism
Open in
auxiliary
winding
Open in main
windings or
reversed coil
connections

Shorted
capacitor
Open capacitor

Overload
2

Motor runs hot

Overload
Starting
mechanism
does not open

Low voltage

High voltage

Clogged
ventilating ducts
Worn bearings

Low frequency

Rotor rubbing
the stator core
3

Motor runs slow

Overload
Low voltage

Low frequency

Rotor bars are

broken
Shorted stator
coil

Motor noisy

Bearing

Coupling
Mechanism

Loose Hardware

until voltage is
normal
Clean the air
passage to the
windings
Check and
grease the
bearings
Stop the motor
until frequency
is normal
Check and
adjust the rotor
shaft properly
Reduce the load
Check by
voltmeter, stop
motor till
voltage is
normal
Check and stop
the motor till
frequency is
normal
Check and
replace them
Check the
winding with
test lamp or
megger and
correct it or
rewound
Check bearings
for wear and
proper
lubrications,
replace worn or
loose bearings ,
replace dirty or
won-out oil or
grease
Check for bent
shaft on motor
or load. Measure
the alignment of
couplings
Tighten all loose

Air gap

operates at low efficiency

Centrifugal
switch faulty

component on
motor and load
Check the air
gap for proper
centering of the
rotor, replace
bearings if
needed, a dirty
air gap can
cause noise
Switch does not
open when
motor is up to
75% of the
synchronous
speed, starting
winding remains
in the circuit
repair or replace
switch
mechanism.

Q28/ Prepare the troubleshooting chart for a three-phase

induction motor in tabular form as shown below with at least 2 or
3 or 4 causes & remedies, if the motor has following troubles:
1234567-

S.

Motor fails to start

Bearings hot
Motor runs hot
Motor noisy
Motor stop after running a short period of time
Speed is reduced suddenly
Speed is increased suddenly

Trouble

Possible causes

Remedies

No
1

Motor fails to
start

Blown fuses
Overload control trip
Overload
Wrong control connection
Open circuit in stator or
rotor winding
Ground fault in the
winding

Bearings hot

Short circuit in stator

winding
Loose End-shields

Excessive belt tension

Bent shaft
3

Motor runs hot

Overload
Electrical load
unbalanced
Fuse blown, faulty
control, etc
Clogged ventilating ducts
Incorrect voltage and
frequency

Stator winding shorted

Stator winding grounded
Rotor winding with loose
connection
4

Motor noisy

Motor loosely fitted on

the foundation
Rotor may be rubbing the
stator core
vibration

Check them and

replace
Wait for overload to
cool. start again
Reduce load
Check and correct
Check for open
circuit
Check the fault and
insulate the
winding with cotton
tape
Check for shorted
coil
Make sure that
end-shields are
properly tightened
Reduce belt tension
Straighten shaft or
replace
Reduce load
Check for voltage
unbalance or single
phasing
Check for open in
one of the lines or
circuits
Clean air passage
and windings
Check motor
nameplate values
with power supply,
also check voltage
at motor terminals
Check for short
circuit
Check for ground
Tighten, if possible
or replace with
another rotor
Check the tightness
of nuts
Check and set the
rotor shaft properly
Remove motor
from load. If motor

Squeezed bearings
5

Motor stop after

running a short
period of time

Overload relay
Thermal protector

Supply voltage
6

Speed is reduced
suddenly

Reduced supply voltage

Stator winding open

circuited
7

Speed is
increased
suddenly

Increased supply voltage

Load is very low

is still noisy,
rebalance motor
Check and grease
the bearings
Let it cool down if
not work replace
See the setting of
thermal overload
relay and let it cool
down
Replace fuses or
reset breaker
Check the voltage
and stop motor till
the voltage is
normal
Check with series
test lamp and join
the connections
Check the voltage
and stop motor till
the voltage is
normal
Check and increase
the load up to
normal