Quiz

Hardware
and Device Configuration

Questions
1. Which process types are supported by Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
a. Intel and AMD x86 32 bit processors
b. Intel and AMD x86 64 bit processors
c. IBM s/390 processors
d. IBM series Z processors
e. All of the above
2. The /procfilesystem provides what function?
a. It provides multiprocessing (SMP) support for the Linux kernel.
b. It provides support for larger than 4GB of memory installed in the system.
c. It provides space for memory swap (paging).
d. It provides an interface for humans to view information in the kernel.
e. None of the above
3. What is an expected device name for a USB drive on a system ?
a. /dev/hdb
b. /dev/ubb
c. /dev/sdb
d. /dev/usbb
4. Which file contains a snapshot of the kernel's dmesg buffer soon after the most recent boot?
a. /var/log/messages
b. /var/log/boot.log
Hardware Overview
rha130-6.1-1 12 Copyright 2011, Red Hat Inc.
c. /var/log/dmesg
d. /var/log/klog
5. Which command displays the current contents of the kernel's dmesg buffer?
a. klog
b. kmesg
c. kdump
d. dlog
6. What command can be used to monitor hardware changed dynamically?
a. monitor -hw
b. lshw
c. watchhw
d. hwmonitor
e. lshal m
Use the following transcript to answer the next 4 questions.

[root@stationroot]$cat/proc/cpuinfo
processor:0
vendor_id:GenuineIntel
cpufamily:6
model:8
modelname:PentiumIII(Coppermine)
stepping:3
cpuMHz:797.435
cachesize:256KB
fdiv_bug:no
hlt_bug:no
f00f_bug:no
coma_bug:no
fpu:yes
fpu_exception:yes
cpuidlevel:2
wp:yes
flags:fpuvmedepsetscmsrpaemcecx8apicsepmtrrpgemcacmovpatpse36mmxfxsr
sse
bogomips:1592.52
[root@stationroot]$cat/proc/meminfo
MemTotal:255184kB
MemFree:52280kB
Buffers:24436kB
Cached:90608kB
SwapCached:6532kB
...
SwapTotal:521632kB
SwapFree:504940kB
[root@stationroot]$cat/proc/scsi/scsi
Attacheddevices:
Host:scsi0Channel:00Id:00Lun:00
Vendor:ATAModel:ST9500325ASRev:0005
Type:DirectAccessANSISCSIrevision:05
Vendor:hpModel:DVDRAMGT30LRev:mP04
Type:CDROMANSISCSIrevision:05
Vendor:SanDiskModel:CruzerMiniRev:0.2
Type:DirectAccessANSISCSIrevision:02
7. In general terms, what is the speed of the processor?

a. 800 megahertz
b. 256 megahertz
c. 1.6 gigahertz
d. Not enough information is provided.
8. In general terms, how much memory is installed on the local machine?
a. 256 kilobytes
b. 128 megabytes
c. 256 megabytes
d. 512 megabytes
9. How many USB disks are attached to the machine?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
e. Not enough information is provided.
10. Who manufactured the CDROM drive?
a. ATA
b. SANDISK
c. Intel
d. HP
Questions
1. In what directory are kernel modules found?
a. /lib/modules/kernelversion/
b. /boot/modules/
c. /usr/share/kernelversion/modules/
d. /var/lib/modules/
2. What command is used to request the removal of a module?
a. depmodx
Kernel and Kernel Modules
b. modulesr
c. modprober
d. rm/proc/modules
An administrator attempts to remove a module by running the following command.
[root@stationroot]#modprobercdrom
cdrom:Deviceorresourcebusy
3. Which of the following would be a conventionally named static kernel image?

a. /boot/image2.6.328
b. /boot/zimage2.6.328
c. /boot/vmlinux2.6.328
d. /boot/vmlinuz2.6.328
4. Which of the following could be a reason that the module cannot be removed?
a. The module's usage count is greater than 0.
b. The module is depended on by another module which is in use.
c. Once a modules is inserted into the kernel, it cannot be removed.
d. A or B
5. What command is used to list all currently inserted kernel modules?
a. depmodl
b. modules
c. lsmod
d. cat/proc/kmod
6. Which command can be used to request the insertion of a kernel module?
a. modules -i
b. modprobe
c. vmlinuz
d. linux m
7. What configuration file is examined whenever modprobe inserts a module?
a. /etc/modprobed/*.conf
b. /etc/sysconfig/modules
c. /boot/modules/modprobe.conf
d. /etc/modtab
8. Which file contains values for /proc/sys/directory entries which are set automatically at
boottime?
a. /etc/sysctl.conf
b. /etc/proc.conf
c. /etc/sysconfig/proc
d. /etc/systab
9. After editing the file mentioned in the previous question, what command can be run to immediately
implement the changes?
a. procctls
b. kernelctli
c. setproc
d. sysctlp
10. Within the configuration file mentioned above, which of the following lines would correctly set
the value of /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forwardto 1?
a. proc.sys.net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
b. net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
c. ip_forward=1
d. sys.net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
Questions
1. Which of the following commands conveniently lists all connected PCI devices?
a. listpci
b. pcidump
c. dmesg
d. kudzu
e. lspci
[root@stationroot]$cat/proc/interrupts
CPU0
0:29957960XTPICtimer
1:78565XTPICkeyboard
2:0XTPICcascade
5:75302119XTPICeth0
8:1XTPICrtc
9:0XTPICIntelICH82801AA
PCI Devices
11:198578XTPICusbuhci,eth1
14:258317XTPICide0
15:20398XTPICide1
NMI:0
ERR:0
2. About how long has the system been running (since the last boot)?
a. About 30,000 seconds (about 8 hours)
b. About 20,000 seconds (about 5 hours)
c. About 10,000 seconds (about 3 hours)
d. About 10 days
e. Not enough information is provided
3. What about the above output implies a misconfiguration of the machine?
a. There are no NMI interrupts reported.
b. Two device drivers are conflicting over IRQ 11.
c. No device drivers have claimed IRQ's 4-7.
d. Only one CPU has been identified.
e. None of these conditions necessarily imply problems.
4. Which of the following files lists currently claimed I/O ports?

a. /etc/ioports
b. /var/log/ioports
c. /etc/sysconfig/ioports
d. /var/state/ioports
e. /proc/ioports
5. Which of the following files lists the physical addresses of currently mapped memory (including
RAM and other devices)?
a. /proc/slabinfo
b. /proc/meminfo
c. /proc/iomem
d. /var/log/meminfo
e. /etc/meminfo
[root@stationroot]$lspciv
...
00:1f.2USBController:IntelCorp.82801AAUSB(rev02)(progif00[UHCI]).
Subsystem:IntelCorp.82801AAUSB
Flags:busmaster,mediumdevsel,latency0,IRQ11
I/Oportsat2440[size=32]
00:1f.5Multimediaaudiocontroller:IntelCorp.82801AAAC'97Audio(rev02)
Subsystem:CompaqComputerCorporation:Unknowndeviceb1bf
Flags:busmaster,mediumdevsel,latency0,IRQ9
01:00.0VGAcompatiblecontroller:nVidiaCorporationNV5M64[RIVATNT2Model64/Model
64Pro](rev15)Subsystem:nVidiaCorporation:Unknowndevice0017
Flags:busmaster,66Mhz,mediumdevsel,latency64,IRQ10
Memoryat41000000(32bit,nonprefetchable)[size=16M]
Memoryat44000000(32bit,prefetchable)[size=32M]
ExpansionROMat<unassigned>[disabled][size=64K]
Capabilities:[60]PowerManagementversion1
Capabilities:[44]AGPversion2.0
...
6. What IRQ is the USB controller using?

a. 32
b. 9
c. 10
d. 11
7. What I/O port base address(es) is (are) being used by the sound card?
a. The device is not using any I/O ports
b. 41000000
c. 2440
d. 2000 and 2400
8. How much of the video card's memory has been mapped into the system?
a. 16 megabytes
b. 32 megabytes
c. 48 megabytes
d. 41000000 bytes
e. 44000000 bytes
Use the following transcript to answer the next question.
[root@stationroot]$cat/etc/modprobe.d/custom.conf
aliasparport_lowlevelparport_pc
aliaseth08139too
aliassndcard0i810_audio
aliasusbcontrollerusbuhci
9. Which kernel module is the device driver for the network interface card associated with the
interface eth0?
a. Network interface device drivers are always compiled into the static kernel image.
b. usb-uhci
c. i810_audio
d. 8139too
10. file lists modules loaded on the system?
a. /proc/devices
b. /proc/modules/devices
c. /proc/hw
d. /proc/lsmod
e. /proc/hwdevices
Questions
1. What two types of filesystem device nodes exist in Linux?
a. character and block device nodes
b. major and minor device nodes
c. hard and soft device nodes
d. hot and cold device nodes
[root@stationroot]$lsl/dev/fd?
brwrw1rootfloppy2,0Jan302003/dev/fd0
2. What is the length of the file /dev/fd4?

a. 2 bytes
b. 128 bytes
c. 128 kilobytes
d. 4 kilobytes
e. The question is meaningless, because /dev/fd4is a device node.
3. What type of file is /dev/fd2?
a. symbolic link
b. character device node
c. block device node
d. directory
4. What is the major number of the file /dev/fd7?
a. 7
b. 131
c. 2
d. Not enough information is provided
e. The question is meaningless, because /dev/fd7is a symbolic link.

[root@stationroot]$lsl/dev/tty?
crww1rootroot4,0Jan302003/dev/tty0
crww1roottty4,1Oct2802:55/dev/tty1
crw1rootroot4,2Oct2417:40/dev/tty2
5. What type of file is the file /dev/tty8?

a. regular file
b. block device node
c. symbolic link
d. directory
e. none of the above
6. What is the major number of the file /dev/tty3?
a. 3
b. 1
c. 4
d. 8
7. What users on the machine can cause text to be displayed on the first virtual console (/dev/
tty1)?
a. root and members of the group tty
b. root only
c. root and members of the group console
d. all users
e. not enough information is provided
8. Which of the following files is the device node for the CDROM drive?
a. /dev/cd
b. /dev/sr0
c. /proc/scsi/sr0
d. /proc/scsi/cdrom
9. Which of the following is the device node for the SCSI disk with a SCSI ID of 3?
a. /dev/sd2
b. /dev/sdc
c. /proc/scsi/sdc
d. Not enough information is provided
10. A USB drive is added to the system. What command must be run to create the device node?
a. modprobe /dev/usb
b. mknod /dev/usb
c. No command needs to be run. USB devices do not use separate device nodes
d. No command needs to be run. udev will create the device node automatically
e. No command can be run. All device nodes are created at installation.
Questions
1. What is the name of the utility which displays a dynamically updated list of processes currently
running on the machine, as well as CPU and memory utilization statistics?
a. top
b. monitor
c. vmstat
d. ps
[root@stationroot]$uptime
05:06:00up3days,12:25,2users,loadaverage:0.89,3.25,8.87
2. Which of the following best describes the activity of the machine?

a. The machine has recently been active, but is currently inactive.
b. The machine has recently been inactive, but is currently active.
c. The machine has been and continues to be active.
d. The machine has been and continues to be inactive.
Performance Monitoring
3. How long has passed since the machine was most recently booted?
a. 5 hours
b. 8.87 hours
c. 12 hours
d. 2 hours
e. 84 hours
Use the following top 5 lines from the top command to answer the next 4 questions.
top05:14:52up3days,12:34,2users,loadaverage:4.39,1.40,0.48
Tasks:86total,79sleeping,7running,0zombie,0stopped
Cpu(s):20.0%us,79.8%sy,0.4%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Mem:255184ktotal,247244kused,7940kfree,91620kbuffers
Swap:521632ktotal,20756kused,500876kfree,67012kcached
4. How much physical memory does the machine have?

a. 512 megabytes
b. 128 megabytes
c. 64 megabytes
d. 1024 megabytes
e. 256 megabytes
5. Which of the following best describes the type of activity on the machine?
a. The machine is predominantly running processes which involve a lot of numeric computation.
b. The machine is predominantly running processes which involve a lot input and output activity.
c. The machine is predominantly idle, without many processes running.
d. None of the above describe the machine's activity.
6. Roughly what percentage of the machine's physical memory is devoted to caching I/O operations?
a. 5%
b. 10%
c. 25%
d. 33%
e. 60%
7. Roughly how much physical memory is being devoted to processes, in megabytes?

a. 255 - 92 = 163
Performance Monitoring
b. 255 - 8 = 247
c. 255 - 67 = 188
d. 255 - 92 = 163
e. 255 - 8 - (92 + 67) = 88
8. What file contains information about current memory utilization?
a. /etc/memory
b. /proc/top
c. /var/log/mem
d. /proc/meminfo
top05:32:33up3days,12:52,2users,loadaverage:1.92,1.87,1.87
Tasks:87total,82sleeping,5running,0zombie,0stopped
Cpu(s):99.0%us,1.0%sy,0.0%ni,0.0%id,0.0%wa,0.0%hi,0.0%si,0.0%st
Mem:255184ktotal,250332kused,4852kfree,8560kbuffers
Swap:521632ktotal,76584kused,445048kfree,100384kcached
9. On average, how many processes have been running for the past few minutes?
a. 0
b. 2
c. 5
d. 87
10. Which of the following best describes the type of activity on the local machine?
a. The machine is predominantly idle, without many processes running.
b. The machine is predominantly running processes which involve a lot input and output from
the filesystem.
c. The machine is predominantly running processes which involve a lot of numeric computation.
d. None of the above describe the machine's activity.
Linux
Filesystem Management
Questions
Use the output from the following command to answer the next question.
[root@stationroot]$cat/proc/partitions
majorminor#blocksname
nguseaveq
808891650sda
81136521sda1
823502170sda2
832096482sda3
841sda4
852096451sda5
1. Which of the following best explains why the partition sda4 is listed in /proc/partitions
with only a size of 1?
a. The partition has been initialized with a filesystem, but the filesystem is not mounted.
b. The partition is being used as the extended partition, and therefore is not accessed directly.
c. The partition has been initialized as swap space, but there has not yet been a high demand
placed on physical memory.
d. The disk has not yet had a partition sda4 allocated.
2. Which of the following partitions could be an extended partition?
a. /dev/sda7
b. /dev/sdb5
c. /dev/sdb4
d. /dev/sdc8
3. Which of the following would be a logical partition?
a. /dev/sda3
b. /dev/sda5
c. /dev/sdb1
d. /dev/sdb4
4. Which of the following commands would list all known partitions?
a. fdisk --dump
b. dumppart
c. fdisk -cul
d. fdisk --list
5. Which of the following commands could be used to add the partition /dev/sda8?
a. fdiska/dev/sda8
b. fdiskcu/dev/sda8
c. fdiskl/dev/sda8
d. fdiskadd/dev/sda8

[root@stationroot]$fdiskcul/dev/sdb
Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,10737418240bytes
255heads,63sectors/track,1305cylinders,total20971520sectors
Units=sectorsof1*512=512bytes
Sectorsize(logical/physical):512bytes/512bytes
Disk Recognition and Partitioning

I/Osize(minimum/optimal):512bytes/512bytes
Diskidentifier:0x2f2333e8
DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
/dev/sdb1204820684710240083Linux
/dev/sdb220684816984063838860883Linux
/dev/sdb3169840641803263952428882Linuxswap/Solaris
/dev/sdb41803264020129791104857683Linux
6. Assuming that the system Id's indicate the true use of the partitions, approximately how much
partition space is allocated to swap space?
a. 128 megabytes
b. 520 megabytes
c. 8.4 gigabytes
d. 5.5 megabytes
7. Approximately how much space is left unallocated on the drive /dev/sdb?
a. 0
b. 420 megabytes
c. 8.4 gigabytes
d. 84 megabytes
e. Note enough information is provided
8. The administrator wants to use the space is left unallocated on the drive /dev/sdb. What options
are avaialble?
a. A new ext4 filesystem can be created with the remaining space
b. A new extended partition can be created with the remaining space
c. One or more new logical partitions can be created with the remaining space
d. The remaining space is not available for use
e. Note enough information is provided
9. After editing the partition table with fdisk, what action must (usually) be taken for the kernel to
recognize the new partitions?
a. The machine must be rebooted.
b. The new partition should be added to /proc/partitionswith a text editor.
c. The partprobe command should be run.
d. None of the above
e. Either A or C
10. Which of the following fdisk commands is used to abandon all changes?
a. a
b. q
c. x
d. w
e. z
Questions
1. Which of the following filesystems is usually associated with compact disks?
a. ext3
b. iso9660
c. reiserfs
d. vfat
2. Which of the following commands could be used to create an ext3 filesystem?
a. mkfs.ext3
b. mkfs -t ext3
c. mke2fs -j
d. mkfs.ext2 -j
e. All of the above
3. Which of the following command lines could be used to create an ext2 filesystem with a blocksize
of 2048 bytes?
a. mke2fsb2048/dev/sda4
b. mke2fs/dev/sda4
c. mke2fsb2k/dev/sda4
d. mke2fsb2/dev/sda4
e. A and B
[root@stationroot]#dumpe2fs/dev/sdb5
dumpe2fs1.39(29May2006)
Filesystemvolumename:/home
Lastmountedon:<notavailable>
FilesystemUUID:4a26ac4afcd94231bf3ae5e5fb2456b5
Filesystemmagicnumber:0xEF53
Filesystemrevision#:1(dynamic)
Filesystemfeatures:has_journalfiletypeneeds_recoverysparse_super
Defaultmountoptions:(none)
Filesystemstate:clean
Errorsbehavior:Continue
FilesystemOStype:Linux
Inodecount:3842720
Blockcount:7681070
Reservedblockcount:384053
Freeblocks:1150544
Freeinodes:3597708
Firstblock:0
Blocksize:4096
Fragmentsize:4096
Blockspergroup:32768
Fragmentspergroup:32768
Inodespergroup:16352
Inodeblockspergroup:511
Lastmounttime:SunOct513:59:312003
Lastwritetime:SunOct513:59:312003
Mountcount:74
Maximummountcount:1
Lastchecked:FriSep1909:16:202003
Checkinterval:15552000(6months)
Nextcheckafter:WedMar1708:16:202004
Reservedblocksuid:0(userroot)
Reservedblocksgid:0(grouproot)
Firstinode:11
Inodesize:128
JournalUUID:<none>
Journalinode:8
Journaldevice:0x0000
Firstorphaninode:0
4. Which of the following command lines could have created this filesystem? (Assume that the
filesystem has not been modified with tune2fs since it was created.)
a. mke2fsL/homeb2048/dev/sdb5
b. mkfs.ext3b2048/dev/sdb5
c. mkfstext2b4096/dev/sdb5
d. mke2fsjL/homeb4096N3842720/dev/sdb5
5. When creating this filesystem, which of the following would be the appropriate argument to the -i
command line switch to the mke2fs command to generate the appropriate number of inodes?
a. -i 2
b. -i 4096
c. -i 8192
d. -i 4
6. When formatting a floppy with the mke2fs command, why might one be tempted to include the
-m 0 command line switch?
a. Because journaling would be too slow on a floppy, this command line switch would disable
journaling.
b. The command line switch would prevent any blocks being reserved for only the root user.
c. The command line switch would set the number of inodes to 0, which is appropriate for
temporary media such as floppies.
d. The command line switch would cause the floppy to be overwritten with binary 0's before the
filesystem is constructed, wiping clean any previous data.
7. Which of the following command lines would create a filesystem with a volume label of data?
a. mkfse2 -l data /dev/sda1
b. mkfs.ext2 --label=data /dev/sda1
c. mkfs.ext2 -m data /dev/sda1
d. mkfs -t ext2 -L data /dev/sda1
8. Which of the following command lines would create an ext4 filesystem with a block size of 4096?
a. mke2fs --journal --block=4096 /dev/sda1
b. mkfs.ext4 -b 4k /dev/sda1
c. mkfs -t ext2 -j -b4 /dev/sda1
d. mkfs -t ext4 --block=4k /dev/sda1
9. Which of the following command line switches causes the mke2fs command to check the disk for
bad blocks before creating a filesystem?
a. -L
b. -c
c. -b
d. -s
10. Your friend has just run the dumpe2fs command on his /homefilesystem, and noticed that the
flag needs_recovery was set. What advice would you give him?
a. He should reboot his machine immediately.
b. When convenient, he should unmount the partition, and perform filesystem maintenance.
c. He should not be concerned, as the flag is always set on mounted filesystems.
d. He should not be concerned, as the Linux kernel automatically runs a filesystem recovery
algorithm every 10 minutes.
e. You do not believe him, and suspect he ran the dumpe2fs command on a partition that does
not contain an ext2 filesystem.
Questions
1. Which of the following could be a legitimate invocation of the mount command?
a. mountt/dev/sda2/home
b. mount/home/dev/sda2
c. mount/dev/sda2/home
d. mounto/home/dev/sda2
2. Which of the following command lines would mount the device /dev/sda3, formatted with the
vfat filesystem, to the mount point /dosc?
a. mountovfatd/dev/sda3/dosc
b. mounttvfat/dev/sda3/dosc
c. mounttvfato/dosc/dev/sda3
d. mountovfat/dosc/dev/sda3
3. Which of the following is not a common Linux mount option?
a. mtime
b. noatime
c. noexec
d. ro
e. All are common mount options
[root@stationroot]#mount
/dev/sda3on/typeext4(rw)
procon/proctypeproc(rw)
sysfson/systypesysfs(rw)
devptson/dev/ptstypedevpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda1on/boottypeext4(rw)
tmpfson/dev/shmtypetmpfs(rw)
noneon/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misctypebinfmt_misc(rw)
sunrpcon/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefstyperpc_pipefs(rw)
[root@stationroot]#mount/dev/sda7/var
[root@stationroot]#mount/dev/sda5/var/www/html
4. Which partition contains the file /proc/meminfo?

a. /dev/sda1
b. /dev/sda7
c. /dev/sda5
d. /dev/sda3
5. Which partition contains the mount point /var/www/html?
a. /dev/sda3
b. /dev/sda7
c. /dev/sda1
d. /dev/sda5
6. When accessing the file /var/www/html/index.html, how many partitions does the kernel
involve?
a. 1
b. 3
c. 0
d. 2

[root@stationroot]#mount/dev/fd0/mnt/floppy
[root@stationroot]#cd/mnt/floppy
[root@stationfloppy]#cal>september.txt
[root@stationfloppy]#umount/mnt/floppy
umount:/mnt/floppy:deviceisbusy
7. Which is the most likely reason the /mnt/floppy device was considered busy?
a. The kernel had not yet finished writing the file september.txt.
b. Although the kernel had finished writing the file september.txt, the writes had not yet
been committed to disk.
c. The filesystem on the /mnt/floppydevice has become corrupted.
d. The bash shell's current working directory is /mnt/floppy.
8. Which of the following commands would resolve the problem, so that if it were immediately
followed by the same umount command listed above, the unmount would succeed?
a. fuserm/mnt/floppy
b. fsckm/mnt/floppy
c. sync
d. cd
9. Which of the following command lines would add the noatime option to an already mounted /
homepartition?
a. mountonoatime/dev/sda4/home
b. mountanoatime/dev/sda4/home
c. mountremountonoatime/dev/sda4/home
d. mountoremount,noatime/dev/sda4/home
Use the following transcript to answer the next question.
[root@stationroot]#mount
/dev/sdb6on/typeext4(rw)
noneon/proctypeproc(rw)
usbdevfson/proc/bus/usbtypeusbdevfs(rw)
/dev/sdb7on/var/ftp/pubtypeext4(rw)
/dev/sdb5on/hometypeext4(rw)
noneon/dev/ptstypedevpts(rw,gid=5,mode=620)
noneon/dev/shmtypetmpfs(rw)
10. Which of the following command lines could be used to unmount the /homepartition?
a. unmount/home
b. umounttext3
c. umount/dev/sdb5
d. unmounta
Questions
[root@stationroot]#cat/etc/fstab
LABEL=//ext4defaults11
LABEL=/var/ftp/pub/var/ftp/pubext4defaults12
LABEL=/home/homeext4defaults12
LABEL=/boot/mnt/bootext4defaults,noauto12
/dev/sda5/dosvfatdefaults,noauto,user02
devpts/dev/ptsdevptsgid=5,mode=62000
proc/procprocdefaults00
sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00
tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults00
LABEL=SWAPsdb2swapswapdefaults00
/dev/fd0/media/floppyautouser00
1. Which of the following mount points would not be used by a mount -a command?
a. /var/ftp/pub
b. /dev/pts
c. /home
d. /dos
e. All of the above mount points would be used.
2. Which of the following command lines would attempt to mount the /dev/sda5partition?
a. mount/dev/sda5
b. mount/dos
c. mount/dev/sda5/mnt/dos
d. All of the above
e. A and B only
3. Which of the following command lines would attempt to mount a filesystem to the /mnt/boot
directory?
a. mounta
b. mount/boot
c. mountL/boot
d. A and C
4. What is the most likely reason that the third column of the last line contains the word auto?
a. Because a FAT or ext2 or otherwise formatted floppy could be inserted into the drive, the
filesystem type should be probed for each mount.
b. When a floppy is inserted into the drive, the filesystem should be automatically mounted.
c. Upon bootup, the system should attempt to mount the floppy automatically.
d. The auto filesystem is the most common filesystem used on floppy drives.
e. None of the above adequately explain the configuration.
5. What users would be able to mount the device /dev/fd0?
a. Only root may perform mounts.
b. Any user logged in physically at the console (and root).
c. Any user on the system.
d. The current owner of the directory /mnt/floppy(and root).
e. None of the above.
6. What does the noauto mount option imply?
a. The filesystem should not be managed by an automounting daemon.
b. The filesystem should not be automatically mounted whenever a file within the filsystem is
references.
c. The filesystem should not be mounted as part of the system startup process.
d. The line should not be automatically removed from the configuration file if the underlying
partition is deleted.
7. What command could be used to create the label referred to by the LABEL=syntax in the /etc/
fstabfile?
a. mke2fs
b. fdisk
c. mount
d. fuser
[root@stationroot]$cat/etc/fstab
/dev/sda6/ext4defaults11
/dev/sda2/bootext4defaults12
devpts/dev/ptsdevptsgid=5,mode=62000
proc/procprocdefaults00
sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00
tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults00
/dev/sda1tmpext4defaults12
/dev/sda3/varext4defaults12
/dev/sda4/var/dataext4defaults11
8. What is suspicious about the first column of this file, which leads you to believe that there must
be some mistake?
a. A logical partition is being used as the root partition, which is not allowed.
b. A device of type "none" is being mounted to the /procpartition, which makes no sense.
c. All of the partitions are being mounted from a single drive.
d. There is a jump from 4 to 6 in the listed partitions, with no mention of partition number 5.
e. The file implies that all 4 primary partitions contain a filesystem, but a logical partition exists
as well.
9. What is suspicious about the second column of this file, which leads you to believe that there must
be some mistake?
a. Partitions are configured to be mounted to both /var/dataand /var, but partitions may
only be mounted to directories contained by the root partition.
b. The mount point tmpis specified as a relative reference.
c. Filesystems are configured to be mounted to directories in the /devdirectory, but the /dev
directory may only contain device nodes.
d. A partition is configured to be mounted to /, but only the kernel may mount the root partition.
e. A filesystem is configured to be mounted to /proc, but the kernel automatically mounts /
procas part of its bootup process.
10. What is suspicious about the last column of this file, which leads you to believe that there must
be some mistake?
a. The column contains the value 0, when only the values greater than 0 are allowed.
b. The column contains multiple entries for the value "2", which will result in an error when the
fsck command tries to decide which to check first.
c. The column contains the value "2", when only the values 1 and 0 are meaningful.
d. The last column only exists for legacy reasons, so the fact that it contains non-zero values is
suspect.
e. The column contains multiple entries for the value "1", when the value 1 is only supposed to
be used for the root partition.
Questions
1. What is the threshold amount of physical memory, above which allocating swap space is no longer
recommended?
a. 128 megabytes
Managing Swap Space
b. 256 megabytes
c. 512 megabytes
d. 1 gigabyte
e. A swap partition should always be created, no matter how much physical memory is available.
2. Which of the following files lists currently active swap partitions?
a. /proc/swaps
b. /etc/fstab
c. /var/state/swap
d. /etc/swaptab
3. Which file is used to define swap partitions which should be activated automatically as the system
boots?
a. /etc/swaptab
b. /etc/fstab
c. /proc/swaps
d. /var/state/swap
4. What command line would be used to initialize a disk partition to be used as swap space?
a. swapinit/dev/sda3
b. mkswap/dev/sda3
c. mkfstswap/dev/sda3
d. fdisk/dev/sda3
5. What command line would be used to initialize a file to be used as swap space?
a. mkswap/tmp/swapfile
b. mkswapf/tmp/swapfile
c. swapinitf/tmp/swapfile
d. mkswapfile/tmp/swapfile
6. ext3 is to mount as swap is to ....
Managing Swap Space
a. swapon
b. mkswap
c. swaps
d. swapoff
e. startswap
7. Which of the following lines could be used to define a swap area that should be activated at system
startup in the /etc/fstabfile?
a. /dev/sda4swapswapdefaults00
b. swap/dev/sda4swapdefaults00
c. /tmp/swapfileswapswapnoauto00
d. /tmp/swapfilenonenonedefaults00
8. Which of the following commands is used to deactivate a swap area?
a. swapstop
b. umount
c. uswap
d. swapoff
9. Which of the following command lines could be used to activate a swap partition with a priority
of 3?
a. mkswapp3/dev/sda3;swapon/dev/sda3
b. swap/dev/sda33
c. mounttswapopri=3/dev/sda3
d. swaponp3/dev/sda3
10. Which of the following commands could confirm that a swap partition is active with a priority of 3?
a. cat/proc/swaps
b. cat/proc/meminfo
c. top
d. cat/proc/slabinfo
e. A and B
Questions
1. Which of the following command lines could be used to check and repair an ext2 filesystem?
a. fsck/dev/sda3
b. fscktext2/dev/sda3
c. fsck.ext2/dev/sda3
d. e2fsck/dev/sda3
e. All of the above
2. Which of the following command lines could be used to assign the label /data to an ext2 filesystem?
a. e2label/data/dev/sda3
b. e2labelL/data/dev/sda3
c. e2label/dev/sda3/data
d. labeltext2/dev/sda3/data
The remaining questions refer to the following scenario.
You have just attached a newly purchased drive to an already existing Red Hat Enterprise Linux
installation. Using only the tools discussed in this Workbook, you would like to create 6 ext4 filesystems,
each mounted to the directories /data1, /data2, ..., /data6, and a 256 megabyte swap partition. You
would like all 6 partitions to be mounted and the swap area to be activated automatically at bootup.
3. Which of the following commands could you get away with not using?
a. e2label
b. mkswap
c. fdisk
d. mount
e. All of the above commands are required.
4. What is the most reasonable ordering for the commands you will use?
a. mke2fs, mkswap, fdisk, mount, swapon
b. fdisk, swapon, mkswap, mke2fs, mount
c. mount, fdisk, mke2fs, mkswap, swapon
d. fdisk, mke2fs, mkswap, mount, swapon
e. mkswap, swapon, mke2fs, mount, fdisk
5. At least how many logical partitions will need to be used?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
6. Which of the following command lines could be used to create an ext4 filesystem on the first logical
partition, and assign it the label /data3?
a. mkfs.ext4L/data3/dev/sdd5
b. mkfs.ext4/dev/sdd5;e2label/dev/sda5/data3
c. mkfs.ext4/dev/sdd5;tune2fsL/dev/sda5/data3
d. All of the above
7. Once the ext4 filesystems have been created, and are all mounted, you decide that you would like
the filesystem on partition /dev/sdd2 to be an ext3 filesystem instead. Which command line could
be used to convert the filesystem to ext3 (without losing any data already in the filesystem)?
a. tune2fsj/dev/sdd2
b. umount/dev/sdd2&&mkfs.ext3/dev/sdd2
c. umount/dev/sdd2&&tune2fsj/dev/sdd2
d. umount/dev/sdd2&&mke2fsj/dev/sdd2
e. An ext4 filesystem cannot be reverted to an ext2 or ext3 filesystem
8. You decide that you would like to check and repair the filesystem on partition /dev/sdd3. You
unmount the partition. What command could you run next to perform the check?
a. swapoff/dev/sdd3
b. fsck.vfat/dev/sdd3
c. fisk/dev/sdd3
d. fsck/dev/sdd3
9. The check and repair utility used above mentions that it has restored some file, but could not find
names for. Where should you look for these files?
a. The /lost+founddirectory in your root partition.
b. The lost+founddirectory in the repaired filesystem's root directory.
c. The /proc/lost+founddirectory.
d. The /tmp/lost+founddirectory.
10. You realize that your previously installed Red Hat Enterprise Linux system had not used the
ext3 filesystem. After successfully converting your new ext2 filesystem to ext3, what additional
command should be run?
a. ext3init
b. kudzu
c. mkinitrd
d. setup
e. mkext3
Questions
1. Which of the following could be an appropriate reference to one of the volume group vg0's physical
volumes?
a. /dev/vg0/lv1
b. /dev/vg0/hda1
c. /dev/lv1/sda3
d. /dev/sdb3
2. Which of the following would be an appropriate reference to the logical volume lv1?
a. /dev/lvm/lv1
b. /dev/vg0/lv1
c. /dev/lv1
d. /dev/hda1
3. Which of the following commands is used to initialize an lvm physical volume?
a. mkpv
b. mklvm -p
c. pvmake
d. pvcreate
4. What is the name of the granular unit which is used to structure the assignments of disk space to
logical volumes within a volume group?
a. sector
b. physical extent
c. block
d. chunk
e. stripe
5. Which command is used to add a physical volume to an already existing volume group?
a. vgextend
b. vggrow
c. vgadmin
d. pvcreate
Use the output of the following command to answer the next two questions.
[root@station]pvdisplay/dev/sdb1
Physicalvolume
PVName/dev/sdb1
VGNamevg0
PVSize37.16GB[7792848secs]/NOTusable4.1MB[LVM:165KB]
PV#1
PVStatusavailable
Allocatableyes
CurLV6
PESize(KByte)4096
TotalPE9511
FreePE2
AllocatedPE9509
PVUUIDptzILnvnWASmcNfu2mBsjtMUO667tjDT
6. What is the name of the volume group to which this physical volume has been contributed?
a. /dev/sda2
b. ptzILn-vnWA-SmcN-fu2m-Bsjt-MUO6-67tjDT
c. vg0
d. Not enough information is provided.
7. What is the size of the physical extents for the physical volume?
a. 1 kilobyte
b. 4 kilobytes
c. 9511 kilobytes
d. 4 megabytes
Use the output of the following command to answer the next two questions.
[root@station]vgdisplayvg0
Volumegroup
VGNamevg0
VGAccessread/write
VGStatusavailable/resizable
VG#0
MAXLV256
CurLV6
OpenLV5
MAXLVSize255.99GB
MaxPV256
CurPV1
ActPV1
VGSize37.15GB
PESize4MB
TotalPE9511
AllocPE/Size9509/37.14GB
FreePE/Size2/8MB
VGUUIDGonJxdGLBDXFWC2zuUJM8Qisye3B345B
8. How much space is available for assignment to a logical volume?

a. 4 megabytes
b. 37.15 gigabytes
c. 0.25 megabytes
d. 8 megabytes
9. Which of the following must be specified when creating a logical volume?
a. The name of the logical volume
b. The size of the logical volume
c. The size of a physical extent within the volume
d. A and B
e. All of the above
10. Which of the following can be created at install time using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux installer?
a. Physical volumes
b. Volume Groups
c. Logical Volumes
d. A and C
e. A, B and C
Questions
1. Which of the following can be encrypted with LUKS?
a. ext4 filesystems
b. swap partitions
c. msdos filesystems
d. Answers A and B
e. All of the above
2. Which of the following devices can be encrypted with LUKS?
a. Physical partitions
b. NFS mounts
c. Logical volumes
d. Answers A and C
e. All of the above
3. Which is the correct order for preparing an encrypted device?
a. Create the partition, format for encryption, unlock the partition, create a filesystem, mount
the filesystem
b. Create the partition, create a filesystem, encrypt the filesystem, unlock the partition, mount
the filesystem
c. Create the partition, unlock the partion, create the filesystem, mount the filesystem, encrypt
the filesystem
d. Create the partition, create the filesystem, mount the filesystem, unlock the partition, encrypt
the filesystem
e. Create the partition, format for encryption, mount the device, create the filesystem, unlock
the filesystem
4. Which command encrypts the device?
a. cryptsetup formatLuks
b. cryptsetup lockLuks
c. cryptsetup luksFormat
d. cryptsetup isLuks
e. cryptsetup luksClose
5. Which command is used to manually unlock an encrypted device?
a. cryptsetup luksFormat
b. cryptsetup unlockLuks
c. cryptsetup luksUnlock
d. cryptsetup luksOpen
e. cryptsetup isLuks
6. What file holds the mappings for encrypted devices?
a. /etc/crypttab
b. /etc/lukstab
c. /etc/fstab
d. /etc/sysconfig/crypt
e. /etc/sysconfig/luks

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Hardware

and Device Configuration

Use the following transcript to answer the next 4 questions.

7. In general terms, what is the speed of the processor?

3. Which of the following would be a conventionally named static kernel image?

4. Which of the following files lists currently claimed I/O ports?

6. What IRQ is the USB controller using?

2. What is the length of the file /dev/fd4?

Use the following transcript to answer the next 3 questions.

5. What type of file is the file /dev/tty8?

2. Which of the following best describes the activity of the machine?

4. How much physical memory does the machine have?

7. Roughly how much physical memory is being devoted to processes, in megabytes?

Use the following transcript to answer the next 3 questions.

Disk Recognition and Partitioning

rha130-6.1-1 20 Copyright 2011, Red Hat Inc.

4. Which partition contains the file /proc/meminfo?

Use the following transcript to answer the next 2 questions.

8. How much space is available for assignment to a logical volume?

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