Sie sind auf Seite 1von 2

H2 Chemistry 9647

JC1 (2014) SSP Revision

ATOMS, MOLECULES & STOICHIOMETRY + VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS


(I)

Important Concepts & Practice Questions


(a) Definitions
(1) Relative Atomic Mass of an element is the average mass of one atom of the element
relative to 1/12 the mass of one atom of 12C.
(2) Relative Isotopic Mass of an element is the mass of an atom of the isotope relative to
1/12 the mass of an atom of 12C.
(3) Relative Molecular Mass is the sum of the individual relative atomic mass of all the
atoms in the molecule shown by its molecular formula.
Used for molecules of compounds and some elements
(4) Relative Formula Mass of a compound is the sum of the relative atomic masses of all
the atoms present in its formula (unit).
Used for ions and ionic compounds
(5) Mole is the amount of substance that contains the Avogadro constant number of like/
similar particles (atoms, molecules, ions or electrons).
(6) Empirical Formula of a compound is the simplest formula which represents the
composition of a compound by mass.
(7) Molecular Formula of a compound is the simple multiple of the empirical formula. It
shows the actual number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
(b) Calculations Involving Reacting Volumes/ Masses
Baking powder causes cakes to rise as a result of the reaction between cream of tartar
(potassium hydrogen tartrate, KHC4H4O6) and baking soda (NaHCO3).
KHC4H4O6 + NaHCO3 KNaC4H4O6 + CO2 + H2O
(i) What mass of cream of tartar is needed for the complete reaction of 1.00 g of baking
soda?
(ii) A sample of cheap self-raising flour contains 10.0 g of cream of tartar and 5.0 g of

baking soda. What volume of CO 2 (at r.t.p.) would be released when the reaction
between the two components proceeds to completion?
(c) Calculations Involving Volumetric Titration
Q1. The following experiment was carried out to determine the concentration of ethanol
in a brand of spirit:
10.0 cm3 of a sample of the spirit was diluted to 250 cm 3. To a 25.0 cm3 portion of
the diluted solution, 25.0 cm3 of 0.156 mol dm-3 of K2Cr2O7 (aq) and excess dilute
H2SO4 was added. Ethanol reacted with acidified Cr2O72- as follows:
3CH3CH2OH + 2Cr2O72- + 16H+ 3CH3COOH + 4Cr3+ + 11H2O
After allowing the mixture to stand for about an hour at room temperature, the
excess K2Cr2O7 in the mixture was titrated with 0.118 mol dm -3 (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 (aq)
using an appropriate indicator. In the titration, 12.25 cm 3 of the Fe2+ solution was
used.
What is the concentration of ethanol, in mol dm-3, in this brand of spirit?
Q2.

A standard solution of sodium carbonate was prepared by dissolving 9.88 g of dry


solid sodium carbonate in 250 cm3 of water.
15.00 cm3 of this solution was then added to 25.0 cm3 of H2SO4 with unknown
concentration. Then a titration was carried out on this mixture using NaOH with a
concentration of 0.200 mol dm-3. It was found that 30.00 cm3 of NaOH was needed
for a complete neutralisation of the H2SO4 used.
Determine the concentration of the H2SO4 used.

ACJC Chemistry Department (2014)

H2 Chemistry 9647

JC1 (2014) SSP Revision

(d) Calculations Involving Percentage Purity


Potassium manganate(VII) is a useful oxidising agent, acidified solutions of which can be
used to titrate reducing agents.
When a 0.600 g sample of an impure iron(II) ethanedioate solid is dissolved in acid and
titrated with 0.100 mol dm3 KMnO4, 20.50 cm3 of oxidant solution is required to reach the
end point. The equation for this reaction is given as follows:
24H+ + 3MnO4 + 5FeC2O4 3Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 10CO2 + 12H2O
Calculate the percentage purity of the sample.
(II) Additional Practice Questions
Q1.

Which of the following have the same number of particles as 32.0 g of oxygen gas?
A
B
C
D

Q2.

2.0 g of hydrogen gas


11.5 g of sodium metal
24.0 g of carbon
35.5 g of chlorine gas

10 cm3 of a hydrocarbon CxHy was exploded with 100 cm3 of oxygen. After cooling to room
temperature, the resultant gaseous mixture has a volume of 80 cm 3. When the resultant
gaseous mixture was treated with a solution of potassium hydroxide, the volume of the
gaseous mixture decreased to 40 cm3. What is the molecular formula of the hydrocarbon?
[All gas volumes are measured at r.t.p.]
A

C3H6

C3H8

C4H8

C4H10

Q3.

A 1.0 g sample containing 0.0065 mol of organoboron compound, with the formula C xHyBOz,
was burnt in an excess of oxygen. The carbon dioxide and steam produced were passed into
solid NaOH and P2O5, which increased in mass by 2.29 g and 0.877 g respectively. What is the
molecular formula of the organoboron compound?
A CH2BO2
B C8H7BO2
C
C8H15BO2
D
C9H15BO

Q4.

In order to measure the rate of respiration, a person exhales into a respirometer in which the
exhaled air is bubbled at 37 oC and 1 atm through 200 cm 3 of 1.00 mol dm-3 of calcium
hydroxide to obtain a white precipitate. The equation for this reaction is
CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
The white precipitate was filtered, washed and dried before reaction with 150 cm 3 of 0.200 mol
dm-3 of hydrochloric acid. The resultant solution was transferred into a volumetric flask and
made up to 250 cm3 with de-ionised water.
A 25.0 cm3 aliquot of this diluted solution required 6.0 cm3 of a 0.200 mol dm3 solution of
sodium hydroxide for complete neutralisation. Calculate the amount of HCl that reacted with
the white precipitate.

Q5.

Sodium azide (NaN3) is a gas-forming component in many car airbag systems.


To determine the amount of sodium azide in an impure sample, the azide present is first
reacted with excess iodine: 2N3 + I2 3N2 + 2I
The amount of unreacted iodine is then titrated with standard sodium thiosulfate solution: I 2 +
2S2O32 2I + S4O62
1.80 g of an impure sample of sodium azide was dissolved in water. The mixture was reacted
with 25.0 cm3 of 0.60 mol dm3 of aqueous iodine. The unreacted iodine was found to require
26.80 cm3 of 0.30 mol dm3 aqueous sodium thiosulfate for reaction.
Calculate the percentage purity of sodium azide in the sample.

ACJC Chemistry Department (2014)

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen