RISK MANAGEMENT

HOMEWORK No.3
30/3/2015
STUDENT NAME: Jacob Hatch
16166529

DUE DATE:
STUDENT No.

1)Whatisthedifferencebetweensafetyassuranceandsafetyassessment?
Howaretheyrelatedtoeachother?[1mark]
Answer: Safety assessment simply refers to the act of identifying
hazards and their associated risks for a particular
plant/process/company, whereas safety assurance refers to the act
of making sure that all possible measures are taken to keep the
plant safe and be running with all risks ALARP. They are related in
the sense that you need to perform safety assessments for safety
assurance to be carried out fully.
2)Whichlifecyclephasetendstohavetomosthazards?Why?Justifyyour
answer.[2marks]
Answer: The life cycle phase that is generally considered to have the
most hazards is the commissioning phase [1]. This is generally
because when a constructed plant is trying to get up and running,
there are a very high number of simultaneous activities occurring,
all of which are typically in a rush to meet a deadline. On top of this,
any hazards not realized or addressed in the design and
construction phases will become apparent, and in the case where
different parts of the plant are being started by their respective
contractors, it is a lot to be happening at once [1]. Due to this
pressure to get started it is easy see where many hazards can arise
whilst in the commissioning phase.
3)IntheInherentlySaferDesign(ISD)principles,theEliminationprinciple
canbesaidtobeasubsetofalltheotherprinciples.Explainwhythismaybeso,
providingjustificationandrelevantsources.[5marks]
Hint:DefinetheEliminationprincipleandthendescribehowitisrelatedto
eachtheotherISDprinciples.
Answer:Theeliminationprincipleofinherentlysaferdesigncanbedefinedassimply
removingthesourceofthehazardentirely.Alltheotherprincipleseliminateanaspect
ofthehazard,butfulleliminationgetsridoftheentirehazardousthing.
Forexampleintensification,whichisreducingthesizeofinventoriesand/orreducing
thesizeofequipment/processesused[2]isntentirelyremovingthehazard,butis
removingasignificantportionofitsrisks.Thenextexampleissubstitution,whichis
replacingamaterialwithanotherthatissaferandwillstillachievethesamegoal[3].

Thisagain,issimilartoeliminationasyouaretakingawayahazard,butinsteadof
fullremovalyouarejustreplacingwithasmallerhazard.
Thenextprincipleisattenuation,whichisusingdifferentoperatingconditionsto
makeahazardousmaterial/processlesshazardous[4].Thisislikeeliminationinthe
sensethatyouareremovingaportionoftherisk,butnotentirelylikeyouwouldin
elimination.Afterthis,thenextprincipleislimitation,whichmeanstolimitthesize
andseverityofapotentialaccident[4].Againthisisnotelimination,butissimilarin
thatyouareeliminatingaportionoftherisk.Thelastprincipleissimplification,
whichisjustremovingneedlesslycomplexpartsofaprocess[5].Onceagainyouare
eliminatingapartoftherisk,butnoteliminatingitfully.
4)Whichonedoyouthinkcontributedmoreforindustrialdisasterstohappen:
thenaturalenvironmentorhumansinvolvedintheplant?Isiteasiertomanage
riskrelatedtopeopleorthenaturalenvironment?[2marks]
Answer: Human factors contribute to 2/3 of accidents [6], and
therefore contribute more to industrial disasters than the
environment does. Whilst nature can be very powerful and
unpredictable at times, it is usually taken fully into account and
weather/tectonic etc. patterns are closely monitored, so generally in
this day and age the environment doesnt cause too many industrial
accidents (i.e. environmental risks can be managed).
Human error however, is very hard to predict and control, and even
the most experienced and intelligent operators can still make
mistakes and act irrationally (i.e. human error is hard to manage).
While you can argue that this should be expected and systems
should be designed to allow for humans to make errors [6], is
remains true that humans lead to more industrial disasters than the
environment does.
References:
Cameron,IT,Raman,R.ProcessSystemsRiskManagement[Internet].SanDiego:
ElsevierInc.;2005.496p.Availablefrom:
http://catalogue.curtin.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?
tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&in
dx=1&recIds=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&render
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%29%2Cscope%3A%28CUR_ALMA_whc
%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=142648285889
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Cameron,IT,Raman,R.ProcessSystemsRiskManagement[Internet].SanDiego:
ElsevierInc.;2005.476p.Availablefrom:
http://catalogue.curtin.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?
tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&in
dx=1&recIds=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&render
Mode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A
%28cur_digitool_dc%29%2Cscope%3A%28cur_digitool_marc%29%2Cscope%3A
%28%22CUR_ALMA%22%29%2Cscope%3A%28CUR_ALMA_jbsc
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%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=142648285889
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%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl
%28freeText0%29=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&vid=CUR_ALMA
Cameron,IT,Raman,R.ProcessSystemsRiskManagement[Internet].SanDiego:
ElsevierInc.;2005.477p.Availablefrom:
http://catalogue.curtin.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?
tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&in
dx=1&recIds=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&render
Mode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A
%28cur_digitool_dc%29%2Cscope%3A%28cur_digitool_marc%29%2Cscope%3A
%28%22CUR_ALMA%22%29%2Cscope%3A%28CUR_ALMA_jbsc
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%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=142648285889
5&srt=rank&vl%28118741020UI0%29=any&mode=Basic&dum=true&tb=t&vl
%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl
%28freeText0%29=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&vid=CUR_ALMA
Cameron,IT,Raman,R.ProcessSystemsRiskManagement[Internet].SanDiego:
ElsevierInc.;2005.478p.Availablefrom:
http://catalogue.curtin.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?
tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&in
dx=1&recIds=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&render
Mode=poppedOut&displayMode=full&frbrVersion=&dscnt=0&scp.scps=scope%3A
%28cur_digitool_dc%29%2Cscope%3A%28cur_digitool_marc%29%2Cscope%3A
%28%22CUR_ALMA%22%29%2Cscope%3A%28CUR_ALMA_jbsc
%29%2Cscope%3A%28CUR_ALMA_whc
%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=142648285889
5&srt=rank&vl%28118741020UI0%29=any&mode=Basic&dum=true&tb=t&vl
%281UIStartWith0%29=contains&vl
%28freeText0%29=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&vid=CUR_ALMA
Cameron,IT,Raman,R.ProcessSystemsRiskManagement[Internet].SanDiego:
ElsevierInc.;2005.480p.Availablefrom:
http://catalogue.curtin.edu.au/primo_library/libweb/action/display.do?
tabs=detailsTab&ct=display&fn=search&doc=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&in
dx=1&recIds=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&recIdxs=0&elementId=0&render

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%29%2Cprimo_central_multiple_fe&frbg=&tab=default_tab&dstmp=142648285889
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%28freeText0%29=CUR_ALMA51117973510001951&vid=CUR_ALMA
Seligmann,B.RiskManagement:Lecture4[LectureNotesonInternet].Perth:Curtin
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%204%202015%20Final.pdf