Introducton: CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?
CHAPTER 1
1. INTRODUCTON
Cyberterrorism is the use of computer network tools to harm or shut down critical national
Infrastructures (such as energy, transportation, government operations). The premise of Cyber
terrorism is that as nations and critical infrastructure became more dependent on Computer
networks for their operation, new vulnerabilities are createda massive electronic Achilles
heel. Cyberterrorism is an attractive option for modern terrorists, who Value its anonymity, its
potential to inflict massive damage, its psychological impact, and Its media appeal.
The threat posed by cyber terrorism has grabbed the attention of the mass Media, the security
community, and the information technology (IT) industry. Journalists, Politicians and experts in a
variety of fields have popularized a scenario in which sophisticated Cyber-terrorists
electronically break into computers that control dams or air traffic Control systems, wreaking
havoc and endangering not only millions of lives but national Security itself. And yet, despite all
the gloomy predictions of a cyber-generated doomsday, No single instance of real cyber terrorism
has been recorded. Just how real is the threat that cyber terrorism poses? Because most critical
infrastructure In Western societies is networked through computers, the potential threat from
Cyber terrorism is, to be sure, very alarming.
Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.
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1.1 Why IT is so attractive to the terrorist?

Terrorist groups have been using computer technology to secure many of their goals. They have
been exploiting existing modern technology to accomplish the same goals that they have been
working towards in the past. However, the key differences between their old tactics and their
newer methods lie in the ease with which their operations can be performed, as well as increased
anonymity. It is extremely difficult to detect such clandestine operations, and needless to say,
even more difficult to counter such acts. Terrorist groups take advantage of computer technology
to create support structures that serve to strengthen their tactical and strategic plans and goals.
These are achieved by:
Political propaganda
Recruitment
Financing
Intra and inter-group communication and coordination
Information and intelligence gathering
Ease of operations that are cost-effective, both in terms of resources used, and ability to
strike worldwide.
1.2 What the Cyber terrorist can do?

Terrorist groups engaging in cyber terrorism are noted for threats to commerce, public safety and
national security. These threats can take any number of forms, but are generally seen as computer
versus computer confrontations (While the current discussion focuses on the use of "high tech"
applications in terrorist operations, "low tech" operations against a victim's "high tech"
infrastructure should not be ignored.)Terrorist groups use their own computer technology to
threaten or attack a victim's computer resources. This can take the form of threats or attacks
against national infrastructures that have become heavily reliant and interconnected to computer
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networks. Activity of this sort is tangible in nature and thus, generates most of the interest we
have in cyber terrorism today.
Cyber terrorist threats can include:
Rapid communication of threats to a wide or specific audience
Threats to public utilities and transportation
Threats to commercial institutions and transnational corporations
Threats to IGOs and NGOs
Threats to individuals
Threats to political groups or other ethnic, religious or nationalist
Entities (all of these can include other terrorist groups) identified as "the enemy"
Threats to security forces
Threats to nation states
1.3 Examples of Cyber terrorism

Cyber terrorism takes many forms. One of the more popular is to threaten a large bank. The
terrorists hack into the system and then leave an encrypted message for senior directors, which
threaten the bank. This message says that if the bank does not pay a set amount of money, then
the terrorists will use anything from logic bombs to electromagnetic pulses and high-emission
radio frequency guns to destroy the bank's files.
Cyber terrorists are often interested in gaining publicity in any possible way. For example,
information warfare techniques like Trojan horse viruses and network worms are often used to
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not only do damage to computing resources, but also as a way for the designer of the viruses to
"show off" his "creativity". This is a serious ethical issue, because many people are affected by
these cases. For one, the viruses can consume system resources until networks become useless,
costing companies lots of time and money. Even if the person never meant to harm someone
with their virus, it could have unpredictable effects that could have terrible results. In one of its
more unusual forms, cyber-terrorism can be used for an assassination.
In one case, a Mafia boss was shot but survived the shooting. That night while he was in the
hospital, the assassins hacked into the hospital computer and changed his medication so that he
would be given a lethal injection. He was dead a few hours later.
They then changed the medication order back to its correct form, after it had been incorrectly
administered, to cover their tracks so that the nurse would be blamed for the "accident". Thus, a
man was killed by the hackers' actions. Also, the life of the nurse was probably ruined, along with
the reputation of the hospital and all its employees. Thus, there are often more victims in a
terrorist situation that the immediate recipient of the terrorism.
CHAPTER 2
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2. WHAT IS CYBER TERRORISM?

There have been several stumbling blocks to creating a clear and consistent definition of the term
cyber terrorism. Cyberterrorism has been conducted in the popular media, where journalists
typically strive for drama and sensation rather than for good operational definitions of new terms.
Second, it has been especially common when dealing with computers to coin new words simply
by placing the words cyber, computer, or information before another word. Thus, an entire
arsenal of wordscybercrime, cyber war, info war, net war, cyber terrorism, cyber harassment,
virtual-warfare, digital terrorism, cyber tactics, computer warfare, information warfare, cyberattack, cyber war, and cyber break-insis used to describe what some military and political
strategists describe as the new terrorism of these times. Fortunately, some effort has been made
to introduce greater semantic precision.
Most notably, Dorothy Denning, a professor of computer science, has put forward an admirably
unambiguous definition in numerous articles,26 and in her testimony on the subject before the
congressional House Armed Services Committee: Cyberterrorism is the convergence of
cyberspace and terrorism. It refers to unlawful attacks and threats of attacks against computers,
networks and the information stored therein when done to intimidate or coerce a government or
its people in furtherance of political or social objectives Attacks that lead to death or bodily
injury, explosions, or severe economic loss would be examples. Serious attacks against critical
infrastructures could be acts of cyber terrorism, depending on their impact. Attacks that disrupt
nonessential services or that are mainly a costly nuisance would not.
2.1 Cyberterrorism vs. Hacktivism

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It is important to distinguish between cyber terrorism and hacktivism, a term coined by

Denning to describe the marriage of hacking with political activism. (Hacking is here
understood to mean activities conducted online and covertly that seek to reveal, manipulate, or
otherwise exploit vulnerabilities in computer operating systems and other software.) Hacktivists
have four main weapons at their disposal: virtual sit-ins and blockades; automated e-mail bombs;
web hacks and computer break-ins; and computer viruses and worms.
A virtual sit-in or blockade is the cyberspace rendition of a physical sit-in or blockade: political
activists coordinate their visits to a website and attempt to generate so much traffic toward the
site that other users cannot reach it, thereby disrupting normal operations while winning publicity
via media reportsfor the protesters cause. When large numbers of individuals
simultaneously attack a designated site, the operation is sometimes referred to as swarming.
Swarming can also amplify the effects of the hacktivists second weapon: e-mail bombing
campaigns (bombarding targets with thousands of messages at once, also known as ping
attacks).
2.2 Confusing Hackers with Terrorists

Despite significant investment in technology and infrastructure to protect against attacks,
cyberterrorism represents one of the greatest challenges in present and future terrorism. In the
2002 research study conducted by the Computer Crime Research Centre, 90 percent of
respondents detected computer security breaches within the last 12 monthsAccording to Michael
Vatis, head of the Institute for Security Technology Studies at Dartmouth College (and previously
the head of the FBIs cyberterrorism unit), the potential attackers are grouped in four categories:
Terrorists: To date, few terrorist groups have used cyberattacks as a weapon. However,
terrorists are known to be extensively interested in the Internet as a weapon and as a target.
Although it is unclear whether Osama bin Ladens Al Qaeda organization has developed cyber
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attack capabilities, members of this network use information technology to formulate plans for
cyberattacks. Thus, argues Vatis, trends seem clearly to point to the possibility of terrorists
using information technology as a weapon against critical infrastructure targets.
Nation-States: Several nation-states, including supporters of terrorism, such as Syria,
North Korea, Iran, Sudan, and Libya, may develop information warfare capabilities that could be
turned against the United States and its allies. China, Cuba, and Russia, among others, are also
believed to be developing cyberwarfare capabilities.
Terrorist Sympathizers: This category contains those actors probably most likely to
engage in attacks.Others with anti-U.S. or anti-allied sentiments, such as members of the anticapitalism and anti-globalization movements, or Chinese hackers still upset about the 2001
surveillance plane incident or the 1999 accidental NATO bombing of the Chinese Embassy in
Belgrade, could join in such attacks.
Thrill Seekers (or cyberjoyriders): There are many hackers and script
kiddies who simply want to gain notoriety through high profile attacks. However, such
individuals can still have significant disruptive impact, as evidenced by the February 2000 DoS
attacks and recent destructive worms.
CHAPTER 3
3. Cyberspace, Cyber hate, Cyber Crime & Cyber Warfare
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The terminology and concepts of cyberspace, cyber hate, cyber threats, cyber terrorism and
policing need to be carefully defined.
Cyberspace
Cyberspace may be considered as:
a metaphor for describing the non-physical terrain created by computer systems. Online systems,
for example, create a cyberspace within which people can communicate with one another (via email), do research, or simply window shop. Like physical space, cyberspace contains objects
(files, mail messages, graphics, etc.) and different modes of transportation and delivery. Unlike
real space, though, exploring cyberspace does not require any physical movement other than
pressing keys on a keyboard or moving a mouse Some programs, particularly computer
games, are designed to create a special cyberspace, one that resembles physical reality in some
ways but defies it in others. In its extreme form, called virtual reality, users are presented with
visual, auditory, and even tactile feedback that makes cyberspace feel real.
Cyber refers to concepts of an organised movement and use of electronic data,and of control
which is derived from manipulating such data. Space refers to the virtual place where two or
more human activities interact. Cyberspace can be used to describe simply the World Wide Web,
the Internet as a whole and also to include all global media and communication channels. Sterling
(1992) credits Barlow (1990) as the first to use the phrase cyberspace to refer to the present-day
nexus of computer and telecommunications networks
Cyberhate
Cyber Hate as any use of electronic communications technology to spread anti-Semitic,racist,
bigoted, extremist or terrorist messages or information. These electronic communications
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technologies include the Internet (i.e., Web-sites, social networking sites, Web 2.0 user
generated content, dating sites, blogs, on-line games, instant messages, and E-mail) as well as
other computer- and cell phone-based information technologies (such as text messages and
mobile phones).
Cybercrime
Computer crime, or cybercrime, is any crime that involves a computer and a network. The
computer may have been used in the commission of a crime, or it may be the target. Net crime
is criminal exploitation of the Internet.
CyberWarfare
Cyber warfare involves the actions by a nation-state or international organization to attack and
attempt to damage another nation's computers or information networks through, for example,
computer viruses or denial-of-service attacks. Cyber warfare is politically motivated hacking to
conduct sabotage and espionage.
3.1 What can be done about CYBER TERRORISM?

In response to heightened awareness of the potential for cyber-terrorism President Clinton, in
1996, created the Commission of Critical Infrastructure Protection. The board found that the
combination of electricity, communications and computers are necessary for the survival of the
U.S., all of which can be threatened by cyber-warfare. The resources to launch a cyber-attack are
commonplace in the world; a computer and a connection to the Internet are all that is really
needed to wreak havoc. Adding to the problem is that the public and private sectors are relatively
ignorant of just how many their lives depend on computers as well as the weaknesses of those
computers.
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Currently there are no fool proof ways to protect a system. The completely secure system can
never be accessed by anyone. Most of the militaries classified information is kept on machines
with no outside connection, as a form of prevention of cyberterrorism. Encryption's drawback is
that it does not protect the entire system, an attack designed to cripple the whole system, such as
a virus, is unaffected by encryption.
Here are few key things to remember to protect you from cyber-terrorism:
1. All accounts should have passwords and the passwords should be unusual, difficult to
guess. Change the network configuration when defects become know.
2. Check with venders for upgrades and patches.
3. Audit systems and check logs to help in detecting and tracing an intruder.
4. If you are ever unsure about the safety of a site, or receive suspicious email from an
unknown address, don't access it. It could be trouble.
CHAPTER 4
4. Types of Cyber Crimes:
Broadly three types of cybercrimes are recognized:
Hacking without any intention to commit any further offence.
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Unauthorized access with intention to commit further offences. These can include theft,
fraud, miss-appropriations, forgery, cracking.

Distribution of digital information through use of virus, trojan horses, logic bombs.
4.1 Hacking:
Hackers might be
1. Code hackers They know computers inside out. They can make the computer do
nearly anything they want it to.
2. Crackers They break into computer systems circumventing operating systems and
their security is their favorite pastime.
3. Cyber pumps They are masters of cryptography.
4. Phreakers They combine their in-depth knowledge of the Internet and mass
telecommunication systems.
Hackers are becoming menacing, so uncontrollable that even largest companies in the world are
finding it difficult to cope up with their incessant attacks. An act to constitute trespass undersection 441 I.P.C. must compromise one of the following.
There must be an unauthorised entry into or upon property against the will of the person
in possession; or
There must be an unauthorised entry lawfully obtained into or upon property but
unlawfully remaining therein.
4.2 Network pocket sniffers: It is package softer which uses a network adaptor card in promiscuous made to capture all
network pockets that are sent across a local area network this provide user with meaningful and
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often sensitive information such as accounts and passwords. Attacker uses pocket sniffers to get
passwords accounts etc.
4.3 IP spoofing: An IP (internet protocol)Spoofing attack occurs when an attacker outside the network enters
pretending as if he is inside network and takes all information from network or destroy
information. Password attacks, Distribution of sensitive internal information to external sources.
Man in the middle attacks
CHAPTER 5
5. Fraud on Internet:
This is a form of white collar crime whose growth may be as rapid and diverse as growth of the
internet itself. In 1997 1152 crimes were reported. But in 1998 they skied up to 7500.
5.1 Types of Fraud
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Online investment newsletters: These are major tools for advertising the investments in stock
market and growth of companies. But some of them are found to be tools for fraud.
Bulletin boards: Online bulletin boards whether newsgroups, use nets or web-based- have
become popular tools for sharing the information in market. Some of these are also found to be
fraudulent.
E-mail online Spam: Because spam-junk e-mail- is so cheap and easy to create, fraudsters
increasingly use it to find investors for bogus investment schemes using a bulk e-mail program
Spammers can send personalized messages to thousands and even millions of internet users at a
time.
5.2 Alternation And Destruction Of Digital Information:
This is largest menace facing the world of computers. They are the programs created by humans
which do destruction. They are:1. VIRUS 2. Trojan horses 3.Worms 4.Logic bomb.
Types of Viruses
1. File infectors
2. Boot sector virus
3. Macro VIRUS
5.3 Impact of Cyber Crimes on functionality, work culture and their

results:-
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If any system which is working with help of internet is hacked, it is obvious that its source code
will be modified and system falls in malfunctionality. Hence all functions taking this systems
help will also fall in malfunctionality. If this situation happened in banks, military control
systems and etc the loss will be of great amount. Hence Government of India passed some rules
to counter Cybercrimes.
Cybercrimes And Information Technology Act, 2000:---This act, passed with the objective of promoting a secure electronic environment deals with
issues subsidiary to this secure electronic environment such as contraventions relating to
electronics transactions and I.T. offences. It also amends the I.P.C. along with a few other
statutes.
CHAPTER 6
6. CONTRAVENTIONS AND I.T. OFFENCES
I.T. act delineates two separate types of penal provisions; contraventions and I.T.
offences. Contraventions have resultant monetary penalties, the offences may result in the
offender being imprisoned or paying a fine or both.
CONTRAVENTOINS AND COMPENSATOINS/PENALTIES Contraventions
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Accessing or securing access to the computer/network, downloading any data or information

from the computer/network, Introducing or causing to be introduced any computer contaminant
or computer VIRUS into the computer/network.
Damaging or causing to be damaged the computer/network, data, data base or any other
programs residing in it. Charging the service availed of by a person to the account of another
person by tampering with or manipulating any computer/network.
The following acts are punishable according to I.T. offences as described in chapter XI of the I.T.
ACT 2000 in I.P.C.
Source code attacks: KNOWINGLY OR INTENTIONALLY destroying computer/network
source code that is used to maintain computer/network. This offence is punishable with
imprisonment up to three years or with fine up to 2 lakh rupees or both.
Obscenity: Publishing or transmitting any material which is lascivious or appeals to the prurient
interest or of its effect is such so as to tend to deprave and corrupt person who are likely
concerned to it. This is punishable on FIRST CONVICTION with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to 5 years and with fine which may extend to 1 lakh
rupees and in event of a SECOND or subsequent conviction with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to 10 years and also with fine 2 lakh rupees.
Failure to comply with controllers directions: The CCA [Controller Complying Authority] may
give certifying authorities to take certain measures to ensure compliance under act. If nay such
person fails to comply with such directions liable to imprisonment up to three years or fine up to
2 lakh rupees or both.
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CHAPTER 7
7. HACKING
Original term referred to learn programming languages and computer systems; now associated
with the process of bypassing the security systems on a computer system or network.
HACKER: A term sometimes used to describe a person who pursues the knowledge of computer
and security systems for its own sake, sometimes used to describe a person who breaks into
computer system for the purpose of stealing or destroying data. Hacker's and criminals to
transmit computer viruses, invade privacy, steal or corrupt valuable information.
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7.1 TYPES OF HACKING
Cyber Murders: A hacker breaks into hospital medical records and maliciously alters
prescriptions. Say, if a patient is allergic to penicillin, the hacker adds 500 mg of penicillin to his
usual dose of medication. The nurse administers the drug causing immediate death.
Effect On Government Sites: US government sites were hacked by mujihadeen.Two US
government sites were hacked late last week by a group calling themselves mujihadeen. The
pages were defaced with the flag of Saudi Arabia and a message in Urdu, which translates as
Allah is the greatest of all, Americans be prepared to die. The hackers called themselves
mujihadeen threatened further cyber terrorism.
Hacking Incident Closes Security News Site: A hacker had offered $10,000 bounty for
information about fluffy bunny, a notorious hacker who defaced the schmitz site. The owners
site came crashing down.
Manipulating Stock Markets: A hacker can somehow go to the stock markets web site and
manipulate various shares they by giving some companies great losses and some great profits.
Transmission Of Virus: In hacking a hacker can paralyze the systems by transmitting virus they
by affecting the whole data be it of any company.
Crashing Of Sites: Sometimes a mischievous hacker tries to crash down site by sending millions
of email like the tempest site.
Are hackers really criminals?
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Not according to Pete Shipley, chief security architect at KPMG consultancy. Shipley is proud to
call himself a hacker. He suggested the CHAOS THEORY which is given as below.
Media misconceptions:
What is a hacker? A hacker is someone who pursues technology. Ben Franklin was an inventor,
an experimenter and a hacker. According to him hackers are inventors who thirst for knowledge.
They dont want to destroy the world. They want to rule the world. The media typically mislabels
hackers as crackers and crackers as hackers.
7.2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES :

The FBIs national infrastructure protection has released a test of seven simple preventive
measures. Computer users can take to step up a security on their machines from hacking.
Use strong passwords: use passwords that are difficult or impossible to guess. Give
different passwords to all accounts.

Make regular backups of critical data: Backups must be done atleast once each day.
Use virus protection software this means three things having it in your computer check
daily for new virus signature updates and then scan it.
Use firewall as a gatekeeper between your computer and Internet.
Do not keep computers online when not in use: either shut them or disconnect them from
Internet connection.
Do not open e-mail attachments from strangers. Regularly down load security.
7.3 BEEFS UP SECURITY OFFERING:

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The security vulnerability includes comprehensive audit of an enterprises network security

including internal and external penetration testing, host based operating system configuration
topology and infra-structure assessment and firewall router and switch analysis.
Chapter 8
8. Instances of Cyber Terrorism
Some attacks are conducted in furtherance of political and social objectives, as the following
examples illustrate:
In 1998, Spanish protestors bombarded the Institute for Global Communications (IGC)
with thousands of bogus e-mail messages. E-mail was tied up and undeliverable to the
ISP's users, and support lines were tied up with people who couldn't get their mail. IGC
finally relented and pulled the site because of the "mail bombings."
In 1998, ethnic Tamil guerrillas swamped Sri Lankan embassies with 800 e-mails a day
over a two-week period. The messages read "We are the Internet Black Tigers and we're
doing this to disrupt your communications." Intelligence authorities characterized it as the
first known attack by terrorists against a country's computer systems.

During the Kosovo conflict in 1999, NATO computers were blasted with e-mail bombs and
hit with denial-of-service attacks by hacktivists protesting the NATO bombings. In addition,
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businesses, public organizations, and academic institutes received highly politicized virusladen e-mails from a range of Eastern European countries, according to reports. Web
defacements were also common.

While these incidents were motivated by political and social reasons, whether they were
sufficiently harmful or frightening to be classified as cyberterrorism is a judgement call.

No attack so far has led to violence or injury to persons, although some may have
intimidated their victims .
8.1 Factors Leading To Cyberterrorism

Whether there are targets that are vulnerable to attack that could lead to violence or severe harm.
Whether there are actors with the capability and motivation to carry them
Misuse of the technology that make it open to attack even after the high security
Involvement of the insiders, acting alone or in concert with the other terrorist misusing their
access capabilities.
Role of consultants and contractor causing grave harm.
8.2 Cyber terror In Practice:

Terrorists do use cyberspace to facilitate traditional forms of terrorism such as bombings. They
put up Web sites to spread their messages and recruit supporters, and they use the Internet to
communicate and coordinate action. However, there are few indications that they are pursuing
cyberterrorism, either alone or in conjunction with acts of physical violence. It is believed that
members of some Islamic extremist organizations have been attempting to develop a 'hacker
network' to support their computer activities and even engage in offensive information warfare
attacks in the future. The members of the militant Indian separatist group Harkat-ul-Ansar had
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tried to buy military software from hackers who had stolen it from Department of Defense
computers they had penetrated.
8.3 Cyber terror Capabilities:

There are three levels of cyber terror capability
Simple-Unstructured: The capability to conduct basic hacks against individual systems

using tools created by someone else. The organization possesses little target analysis,
command and control, or learning capability.

Advanced-Structured: The capability to conduct more sophisticated attacks against
multiple systems or networks and possibly, to modify or create basic hacking tools. The
organization possesses an elementary target analysis, command and control, and learning
capability.
Complex-Coordinated: The capability for coordinated attacks capable of causing massdisruption against integrated, heterogeneous defences (including cryptography). Ability to
create sophisticated hacking tools. Highly capable target analysis, command and control, and
organization learning capability.
8.4 Cyber Weapons

Cyber weapon is defined as a computer code that is used, or designed to be used, with the
aim of threatening or causing physical, functional, or mental harm to structures, systems, or
living beings . Some Cyber Weapons are
Sluxnet
Duqu
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Flame
Wiper
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CYBERTERRORIS
M: The Bloodless War?
CHAPTER 9
9. Drawbacks
Systems are complex, so it may be harder to control an attack and achieve a desired level of
damage than using physical weapons.
Terrorists may be disinclined to try new methods unless they see their old ones as
inadequate, particularly when the new methods require considerable knowledge and
skill to use effectively.

Terrorists generally stick with tired and true methods.
Novelty and sophistication of attack may be much less important than assurance that a
mission will be operationally successful.

The risk of operational failure could be a deterrent to terrorists
The barrier to entry for anything beyond annoying hacks is quite high, and that
terrorists generally lack the wherewithal and human capital needed to mount a
meaningful operation.
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CYBERTERRORIS
CHAPTER 10
10. Cyber Terrorism in future

The next generation of terrorists will grow up in a digital world, with ever more powerful and
easy-to-use hacking tools at their disposal. They might see greater potential for
cyberterrorism than the terrorists of today, and their level of knowledge and skill relating to
hacking will be greater. Hackers and insiders might be recruited by terrorists or become selfrecruiting cyber terrorists. Some might be moved to action by cyber policy issues, making
cyberspace an attractive venue for carrying out an attack. Cyberterrorism could also become
more attractive as the real and virtual worlds become more closely coupled, with a greater
number of physical devices attached to the Internet.
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CYBERTERRORIS
CHAPTER 11
11. Conclusion
This article is not meant to give amateur hackers a crash-course in cyberterrorism, but to
provide insights on the dangers of cyberterrorism. Computer professionals the world over
need to be aware of the problem areas of information systems that may be susceptible to
terrorist attacks, to be able to attempt putting an end to such activity.
There are a large number of ethical issues to be taken into consideration, as well. For
example, there are sites on the Internet that deal with methods of making bombs, and sites
from which these materials can be purchased. This information is available to everybody.
However, if an individual acted on this information, and made a bomb with evil intentions,
then one could not blame technology, but society, for producing such a person. Technology
must be used for the betterment of mankind, not with the intent of destroying what He
created.Doomsday and other haunting scenarios involving weapons of mass destruction
existed long before the advent of cyberterrorism and will continue to do so as long as political
actors, security firms and others who can benefit from them can exploit the basic myths
surrounding terrorism for their own purposes.
CHAPTER 12
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CYBERTERRORIS
12. References
Matusitz, Jonathan (April 2005). "Cyberterrorism:". American Foreign Policy
Interests 2: 137147.
"India Quarterly: a Journal of International Affairs". 42-43. Indian Council of World
Affairs. 1986. p. 122. The difficulty of defining terrorism has led to the cliche that one
man's terrorist is another man's freedom fighter

What is cyber terrorism? Even experts can't agree at the Wayback Machine (archived
November 12, 2009). Harvard Law Record. Victoria Baranetsky. November 5, 2009.
"Latest viruses could mean end of world as we know it, says man who discovered
Flame", The Times of Israel, June 6, 2012

"Cyber espionage bug attacking Middle East, but Israel untouched so far", The
Times of Israel, June 4, 2013

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberterrorism
http://www.deity.gov.in/content/cyber-laws
.
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CYBERTERRORIS
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Introducton: CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

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CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

1.1 Why IT is so attractive to the terrorist?

1.2 What the Cyber terrorist can do?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

1.3 Examples of Cyber terrorism

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

2. WHAT IS CYBER TERRORISM?

2.1 Cyberterrorism vs. Hacktivism

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

It is important to distinguish between cyber terrorism and hacktivism, a term coined by

2.2 Confusing Hackers with Terrorists

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

3.1 What can be done about CYBER TERRORISM?

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Hacking without any intention to commit any further offence.

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

fraud, miss-appropriations, forgery, cracking.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

5.1 Types of Fraud

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

5.2 Alternation And Destruction Of Digital Information:

5.3 Impact of Cyber Crimes on functionality, work culture and their

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Accessing or securing access to the computer/network, downloading any data or information

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

7.1 TYPES OF HACKING

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

7.2 PREVENTIVE MEASURES :

different passwords to all accounts.

7.3 BEEFS UP SECURITY OFFERING:

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

The security vulnerability includes comprehensive audit of an enterprises network security

first known attack by terrorists against a country's computer systems.

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

defacements were also common.

sufficiently harmful or frightening to be classified as cyberterrorism is a judgement call.

8.1 Factors Leading To Cyberterrorism

8.2 Cyber terror In Practice:

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

8.3 Cyber terror Capabilities:

Simple-Unstructured: The capability to conduct basic hacks against individual systems

command and control, or learning capability.

8.4 Cyber Weapons

CYBERTERRORISM: The Bloodless War?

Dept. of CSE, SEACET, Bangalore.

skill to use effectively.

mission will be operationally successful.