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points)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
.Essay Questions.
1. (Main topic: Chapter 3 Needs Analysis) (3 points * 3+6 points*3=27points)
(1)
Necessities: focus on what is necessary in the leaners use of language/fit into
required knowledge
Lacks: focus on what the leaners lack/fit into present knowledge
Wants: focus on what the learners wish to learn/fit into subjective needs
(2)
Necessities: look at demands of target tasks, that is what leaners will have to do
when they do university study. (Here test takers need to explain how to find out the
demands of target tasks with a specific example.) For example, doing assignment is
one of the things that leaners have to do. So finding out the demands of doing
assignments can look at the kind of language needed, past assignment topics,
course outlines, other departmental information, assignments from successful
students and timeframe of writing an assignment, or interview university staff.
Lacks: look at where leaners are at present. (Here test takers need to explain how
to find out where leaners are at present with a specific example.) For example, look
at the lacks about doing assignment. An information perspective/a grammar
perspective/the discourse perspective/ writing process/degree of skill/know from
university lecturer and leaners, ect.
Wants: learn about what leaners think is useful for them. For example, writing
assignment. Through interview or questionnaire.
(Any proper example with corresponding explanations is accepted)
2. (Main topic: Chapter 5 Goals, Content and Sequencing) (1 point*6+6
points+6points=18 points)
(1)
Engage leaners interest
Focus on meaning
There is an outcome.
Success is judged in terms of outcome.
Completion is a priority.
Relate to real world activities.
(2)
Here test takers need to give an example of a task-based activity that demonstrates the
six characteristics in the context of college ESL classrooms (6 points). Test takers also need
to elaborate how the activity demonstrates the six characteristics (6 points). Any proper
example is accepted.