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m1
n1 ,
(ax + b)
m2
n2 ,... dx
Donde R es una funcin irracional y m1, n1, m2, n2, ... son nmeros enteros. Para dar solucin a este
tipo de problemas hacemos la sustitucin ax + b = t s siendo s el mnimo comn mltiplo (m.c.m.)
de los nmeros n1, n2, ... obteniendo de esta manera una funcin racional.
dx
1. Resolver:
1
23
(2 x + 1) (2 x + 1) 2
Solucin:
Hallamos el valor de s, el cual es el m.c.m.(2,3) = 6 , reemplazamos entonces para obtener:
2 x + 1 = t 6 2 dx = 6t 5 dt dx = 3t 5 dt . Reemplazamos en la integral:
I =
dx
(2 x + 1)2 3 (2 x + 1) 2
1
3t 5 dt
(t )
( )
t6
3t 5 dt
3t 5 dt
t 2 dt
=
=
3
t 4 t 3 t 3 (t 1) t 1
( ) ( )
2
t 2 1
(
t 2 1+1
dt
t + 1)
= 3
dt = 3
dt +
+ Ln t 1 + C
=3
t 1
t 1
2
t 1
(
=3
2x + 1 + 1
+ Ln 6 2 x + 1 1 + C
2
dx
2. Resolver:
3
1
(x + 1) 2 + (x + 1) 2
6
Solucin:
dx
(x + 1) 2 + (x + 1) 2
3
(t )
2
2tdt
1
( )
2tdt
2tdt
dt
=
= 2
3
2
(t ) t
t 1 t
1 t2
( )
1 1+ t
1+ x +1
= 2 Ln
+ C = Ln
+C
2 1 t
1 x +1
3. Resolver:
6x
1
3
.dx
Solucin:
(t )
12
( )
6(t )
3
t 12
12
1
3
12t 11 dt = 12
I = 2 t 26 dt 2 t 12 dt = 2
1.1
t 18 t 4 11
t dt = 2 t 15 t t 11 dt =2 t 26 t 12 dt
3
6t
t 27
t 13
2
2 +C =
27
13
27
( x)
12
27
2
13
( x)
12
13
+C
PROBLEMAS:
2.
3.
4.
5.
1+
dx
x +1
x + x
7
7
7
dx
x+ x
x +
8
6.
14
15
7.
8.
.dx
x3 + 1
x 1 12 + 1
.dx
x7 6 + x5 4
x dx
3
x2 4 x
x +1 + 2
dx
9.
2+3 x
dx
x + 3 x + x +1
R x, (ax
+ bx + c
(x + 1)
x +1
.dx
dx
con la constante
ax 2 + bx + c = x + t
1. Resolver:
dx
x 2 +1
Solucin:
Hacemos uso de la primera sustitucin de Euler:
Elevando al cuadrado, despejando y derivando:
x2 +1 = x + t
x 2 + 1 = x + t x 2 + 1 = x 2 2 xt + t 2 2 xt = t 2 1 x =
x2 +1 =
t 2 1
t 2 +1
dx =
dt
2t
2t 2
t 2 1
t 2 +1
+t =
. Reemplazando en la integral:
2t
2t
t 2 +1
dt
2
dx
dt
= 2t2
= = Ln t + C . Volviendo a la variable antigua:
t
t +1
x2 +1
2t
dx
= Ln x + x 2 + 1 + C
2
x +1
2.
(1
Resolver:
1 + x + x 2 dx
x2 1+ x + x2
Solucin:
Hacemos uso de la segunda sustitucin de Euler:
Elevando al cuadrado, despejando y derivando:
Ing. Victor Yujra Ccuno
x 2 + x + 1 = xt + 1
x 2 + x + 1 = xt + 1 x 2 + x + 1 = x 2 t 2 + 2 xt + 1 x 2 1 t 2 = x(2t 1)
x=
2t 1
2t 2 2t + 2
dx
=
dt .
2
1 t 2
1 t 2
2t t 2t + t
2t 1
Adems 1 x 2 + x + 1 = t
.
=
=
2
1 t 2
1 t 2
1 t
Reemplazando en la integral por resolver obtenemos:
2
(1
I =
I =
2
2
2t 2 t + 1
2 2t 1 2t 2t + 2
t
dt
dt
2
2
2
2
1 t 1 t
1 t
=
2
2t 1 2 t 2 t + 1
2t 1 2t 1
t
+
1
2
2
2
2
1 t 1 t
1 t 1 t
2t 1
t
2
1 t
1 + x + x 2 dx
1+ x + x
t 2 2t 2 2t + 2 dt
2t 2
t2
1+ t
=
dt
=
2
dt = 2t + Ln
+C
2
2
2
2
1 t
1 t t t +1
1 t
1 t
)(
1 + x + x 2 1
1 1 + x + x dx
1 + x + x 1
x
= 2
+ Ln
+C
2
2
x
x 1+ x + x
1 + x + x 2 1
1
x
(1
1 + x + x 2 dx
x2 1+ x + x2
1+
1 + x + x 2 1
x + 1 + x + x 2 1
+ Ln
+C
x
x 1 + x + x 2 1
= 2
dx
ax + bx + c
2
Para dar solucin a este tipo de integral trabajamos con el trinomio de segundo grado y en la cual
formamos la suma de cuadrados perfectos que ya conocemos. La idea aqu es obtener una expresin
parecida a cualquiera de las siguientes integrales - formulas:
dx
dx
dx
x2 + a2
1. Resolver:
x2 a2
a2 + x2
dx
x + 2x + 5
2
Solucin:
dx
I =
x + 2x + 5
I =
t +2
dt
2
dx
(x + 1)2 + 2 2
= Ln t + t 2 + 4 + C = Ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 5 + C
2. Resolver:
dx
x 2x + 8
2
Solucin:
I =
dx
x 2x + 8
2
dx
3 (x + 1)
2
t
x +1
= arcsen + C = arcsen
+C
3
3
9t
dt
I =
3. Resolver:
dx
5x 2 x 1
Solucin:
dx
I =
5x 2 x 1
variable x
1
I=
5
I=
x 1
x
5 5
2
1
5
dx
21
1
10
100
, hacemos un cambio de
1
= t dx = dt
10
dt
t 2
21
1
+C
=
Ln t + t 2
2
10
5
21
100
1
1
x 1
Ln x
+ x2 + C
10
5 5
5
3.1
1.
2.
dx
PROBLEMAS:
dx
4x x
x + x +1
3.
dx
2
4.
Ax + B
ax 2 + bx + c
dx
x(3x + 5)
dx
x x 1
2
.dx
A
(2ax + b) + B Ab , esto en base a la derivada
2a
2a
del trinomio que est dentro de la raz del denominador. Luego representamos la integral como la
suma de dos integrales.
En el numerador se busca la siguiente igualdad:
A
2ax + b
Ab
dx
dx + B
2a
2a ax 2 + bx + c
ax 2 + bx + c
ax 2 + bx + c
Lo que esta dentro del radical en el denominador se expresara como la suma de dos cuadrados
perfectos.
5x 3
dx
1. Resolver:
2 x 2 + 8x + 1
Solucin:
5x 3
Para resolver la integral I =
dx , debemos obtener la derivada del trinomio de
2x 2 + 8x + 1
segundo grado dentro del radical en el numerador:
Ax + B
.dx =
d 2 x 2 + 8 x + 1 = (4 x + 8)dx 5 x 3 =
5
(4 x + 8) 13
4
5x 3
Reemplazamos lo obtenido en la integral I =
dx :
2x 2 + 8x + 1
5
(4 x + 8) 13
5
4x + 8
dx
4
I =
dx =
dx 13
2
2
2
4
2 x + 8x + 1
2 x + 8x + 1
2 x + 8x + 1
=
dx
(x + 2) 7
2
5
13
1
2 x 2 + 8x + 1
Ln x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + + C
2
2
2
4.1
1.
5 d 2 x 2 + 8x + 1
dx
5
13
13
= 2 2 x 2 + 8x + 1
2
4
1 4
2
2 x + 8x + 1
2 x2 + 4x +
2
PROBLEMAS:
3x + 4
2.
3.
4.
x 2 + 6x 8
x+3
5 4x x
dx
.dx
x
3x 2 11x + 2
.dx
5.
x 2 x +1
6.
2 + 3x
.dx
x3
7.
5x + 3
x.dx
x2 + x +1
8.
(x a )
ax 2 + bx + c
x 2 dx
x2 + 4x + 5
3x + 2
x2 + x + 2
dx
dx
.dx
1
1
Hacemos la sustitucin de x a = , de donde dx = 2 dt . Reemplazamos esta sustitucin y
t
t
dx
obtendremos una integral del tipo
2
ax + bx + c
3x + 2
dx
1. Resolver:
(x + 1) 1 + x + x 2
Solucin:
I =
3x + 2
(x + 1)
I = 3
1+ x + x
1
2
1 3
x+ +
2 4
dx =
dx
3x + 3 1
(x + 1)
1+ x + x
1
(x + 1)
1+ x + x
dx =
3(x + 1)
(x + 1)
dx = 3Ln x +
1+ x + x
dx
(x + 1)
1+ x + x2
1
+ x 2 + x + 1 I1 + C 2
2
dx
1
dt
1 t
dx , para ello hacemos la sustitucin: x + 1 = dx = 2 x =
t
t
t
(x + 1) 1 + x + x
y reemplazamos en I 1 :
Hallamos I1 =
I1 =
1
1 1 t 1 t
+
+1
t t t
2
I 1=
dt
2
1 3
t +
2 4
dt
1
dt
=
dt =
2
2
2
2
2
t
1 2t + t + t t + t
t t +1
= Ln t
1
1
1
+ t 2 t + 1 + C = Ln
+
2
x +1 2
x2 + x +1
+ C1 .
x +1
1
1
1
+ x 2 + x + 1 + Ln
+
2
x +1 2
I = 3 Ln x +
1
1
1
+ x 2 + x + 1 + Ln
+
2
x +1 2
2. Resolver: I =
x2 + x +1
+ C1 + C 2
x +1
x2 + x +1
+C
x +1
dx
x 5x 2 x + 1
2
Solucin:
1
dt
Para resolver hacemos la sustitucin: x = dx = 2 y reemplazamos en la integral I :
t
t
1
dt
1
dt
I =
=
dt =
2
2
t
5 2t + t 2
(t 1)2 + 4
1 1
1
5 2 + 1
t t
t
I = Ln t 1 + t 2 2t + 5 + C = Ln
5.1
1.
2.
3.
PROBLEMAS
dx
2+ xx
(x + 2)
dx
x 2 + 2x
x 1
(x + 1)
x2 +1
4.
(x 1)
5.
1
5x 2 2x + 1
1+
+C.
x
x
1 x dx
.
1+ x x2
6.
7.
(x 1)
dx
8.
(x + 1)
dx
x 2 + 2x + 3
3x + 2
x 2 + 3x + 3
dx
dx
x 2 + 2x + 3
dx
2x 2x + 1
2
Pn (x )
ax + bx + c
2
dx
Donde P(x) es un polinomio de grado n. La solucin para este tipo de integral es:
Pn (x )
ax + bx + c
2
dx = Qn 1 (x ) ax 2 + bx + c +
dx
ax + bx + c
2
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
x 2 + 2x + 5
dx
Solucin:
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
dx = Ax 2 + Bx + C
x + 2x + 5
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
x 2 + 2x + 5 +
dx
x + 2x + 5
2
(1)
2x + 2
1
= (2 Ax + B ) x 2 + 2 x + 5 + Ax 2 + Bx + C
+
2
2
2
x + 2x + 5
2 x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3 x + 4 (2 Ax + B )(x 2 + 2 x + 5) + (Ax 2 + Bx + C )( x + 1)
=
+
2
2
2
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
(
+ 3x + 4 = (2 Ax + B)(x
) (
+ 2x + 5)+ (Ax
)
+ Bx + C )(x +1) +
x 3 + 2x 2 + 3x + 4 = (2 Ax + B) x 2 + 2x + 5 + Ax2 + Bx + C (x +1) +
x 3 + 2x 2
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
x 2 + 2x + 5
dx
x + 2x + 5
2
4 = 5B + C +
1
5
dx
1
dx = x 2 + x x 2 + 2 x + 5 + 4
(2)
6
6
3
x 2 + 2x + 5
dx
x 2 + 2x + 5
dx
(x + 1)
+ (2)
= Ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 + C (3)
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
x 3 + 2 x 2 + 3x + 4
1
5
1
dx = x 2 + x x 2 + 2 x + 5 + 4 Ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 + C
6
6
3
x + 2x + 5
2
x + 2x + 5
2
Solucin:
(x
I =
+1
1
5
1
dx = x 2 + x x 2 + 2 x + 5 + 4 Ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 + C
6
6
3
(x
2. Resolver
+1
3 + 2x x 2
dx
dx = ( Ax + B ) 3 + 2 x x 2 +
3 + 2x x 2
Derivando en ambos miembros:
x 2 +1
= A 3 + 2x x 2 +
( Ax + B )2(1 x ) +
3 + 2x x
2 3 + 2x x
Operando e igualando polinomios semejantes:
2
dx
(1)
3 + 2 x x2
3 + 2 x x2
x 2 + 1 = A 3 + 2 x x 2 + ( Ax + B )(1 x ) +
x 2 + 1 = 3 A + 2 Ax Ax 2 + Ax Ax 2 + B Bx +
x 2 + 1 = 2 Ax 2 + (3 A B )x + 3 A + B +
1 = 2 A A = 1 / 2
1 3
3 A B = 0 = 3 =
2 2
1 = 3 A + B + = 4
Reemplazando los valores encontrados en la ecuacin (1)
dx
x 3
I = 3 + 2 x x 2 + 4
2
2 2
4 ( x 1)
x + 3
x 1
2
I =
3 + 2 x x + 4arcsen
+C
2
3. Resolver
x2
8 + 2x x 2
dx
Solucin:
x2
I =
dx = ( Ax + B ) 8 + 2 x x 2 +
8 + 2x x
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
x2
= A 8 + 2x x 2 +
( Ax + B )2(1 x ) +
8 + 2x x 2
2 8 + 2x x 2
Operando e igualando polinomios semejantes:
dx
(1)
8 + 2x x 2
8 + 2x x 2
x 2 = A 8 + 2 x x 2 + Ax Ax 2 + B Bx +
x = 8 A + 2 Ax Ax 2 + Ax Ax 2 + B Bx +
2
x 2 = 2 Ax 2 + (3 A B) x + 8 A + B +
Ing. Victor Yujra Ccuno
1 = 2 A A = 2
3 A B = 0 B =
2
3
11
(8 A + B + ) = 0 4 2 + = 0 = 2
11
dx
x 3
I = 8 + 2x x 2 +
2
2
9 (x 1)
2 2
11
x +3
x 1
2
I =
8 + 2 x x + arcsen
+C
2
2
x2 2x + 5
dx
4. Resolver
9 x2
Solucin:
x 2 2x + 5
dx
(1)
dx = ( Ax + B ) 9 x 2 +
9 x2
9 x2
Derivando en ambos miembros:
I =
x 2 2x + 5
= A 9 x2 +
( Ax + B )( 2 x ) +
9 x
2 9 x
9 x2
Operando e igualando polinomios semejantes:
2
x 2 2x + 5
9 x2
A(9 x 2 ) + ( Ax + B)( x ) +
9 x2
x 2 2 x + 5 = 9 A Ax 2 Ax 2 Bx +
x 2 2 x + 5 = 2 Ax 2 Bx + 9 A +
1 = 2 A A = 1 / 2
B = 2 B = 2
9 19
9 A + = 5 A = 5 + =
2 2
dx
x
I = + 2 9 x 2 + 19
2
9 x2
19
x4
x
2
I =
9 x + arcsen + C
2
2
5. Resolver
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6
x 2 + 4 x + 13
dx
Solucin:
I =
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6
dx
dx = ( Ax 2 + Bx + C ) x 2 + 4 x + 13 +
x + 4 x + 13
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
= (2 Ax + B) x 2 + 4 x + 13 +
(Ax
x 2 + 4 x + 13
Operando e igualando polinomios semejantes:
x + 4 x + 13
+ Bx + C 2(x + 2)
2 x 2 + 4 x + 13
) (
(1)
x 2 + 4 x + 13
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6 = (2 Ax + B) x 2 + 4 x + 13 + Ax 2 + Bx + C (x + 2) +
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6 = 2 Ax 3 + 8 Ax 2 + 26 Ax + Bx 2 + 4Bx + 13B + Ax 3 + 2 Ax 2 + Bx 2 + 2Bx + Cx + 2C +
x 3 6 x 2 + 11x 6 = 3 Ax 3 + (10 A + 2 B )x 2 + (26 A + 6 B + C )x + 13B + 2C +
1
1 = 3 A A = 3
10 A + 2 B = 6 B 14
91
26 A + 6 B + C = 11 C =
3
13B + 2C + = 6 = 6
Reemplazando los valores encontrados en la ecuacin (1)
x 2 14 x 91 2
I =
+ x + 4 x + 5 6
3
3
3
dx
( x + 2)2 + 9
x 2 14 x 91 2
I =
+ x + 4 x + 5 6 Ln x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 13 + C
3
3
3
6. Resolver
Solucin:
I =
(2 x
3x
(2 x
3x
x 2x + 5
2
dx
dx = ( Ax + B ) x 2 2 x + 5 +
x 2 2x + 5
Derivando ambos miembros:
2 x 2 3x
= A x 2 2x + 5 +
( Ax + B )2(x 1) +
dx
x 2 2x + 5
x 2x + 5
2 x 2x + 5
x 2x + 5
Operando e igualando trminos por polinomios semejantes:
2
2 x 3x = 2 Ax 3 Ax + Bx B +
2
2 = 2 A A = 1
3 A + B = 3 B = 0
5 A B + = 0 = 5
10
I = ( x + 0 ) x 2 2 x + 5 5
dx
(x 1)2 + 4
I = x x 2 2 x + 5 5 ln x 1 + x 2 2 x + 5 + C
7. Resolver
3x 3
x 2 + 4x + 5
dx
Solucin:
3x 3
I =
dx = Ax 2 + Bx + C
x + 4x + 5
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
3x 3
= (2 Ax + B ) x 2 + 4 x + 5 +
dx
x 2 + 4x + 5 +
(Ax
x + 4x + 5
2
+ 4 x + C .2(x + 2)
x + 4x + 5
2 x + 4x + 5
Operando e igualando trminos por ser polinomios semejantes:
2
3x 3
x 2 + 4x + 5
.. (1)
x + 4x + 5
2
3 = 3 A A = 1
10 A + 2 B = 0 B = 5
3
3
2
3x = 3 Ax + 10 Ax + (10 A + 6 B + C )x + 5B + 2C +
10 A + 6 B = 0 C = (10 30) C = 20
5 B + 2C + 2 = 0 = 25 40 = 15
Reemplazando valores en la ecuacin (1)
dx
I = x 2 5 x + 20 x 2 + 4 x + 5 15
( x + 2 )2 + 1
I = x 2 5 x + 20 x 2 + 4 x + 5 15Ln x + 2 + x 2 + 4 x + 5 + C
8. Resolver
Solucin:
I =
(3x
5x
(3x
5x
3 2x x 2
dx
dx = ( Ax + B ) 3 2 x x 2 +
3 2x x
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
3x 2 5 x
= A 3 2x x 2 +
( Ax + B )2( 1 x ) +
dx
3 2x x 2
.. (1)
3 2x x
2 3 2x x
3 2x x 2
Operando e igualando trminos por ser polinomios semejantes:
2
3x 2 5x = A(3 2 x x 2 ) + ( Ax + B )( 1 x ) + 3x 2 5x = 2 Ax 2 3 Ax 2 3 Ax Bx + 3 A B +
11
3 = 2 A A = 2
19
3 A B = 5 B =
2
3 A B + = 0 = 14
3 x 19
x + 1
2
I =
3 2 x x + 14arcsen
+C
2
9. Resolver
Solucin:
I =
(x
x +1
(x
x +1
x + 2x + 2
2
dx
dx = Ax 2 + Bx + C
x 2 + 2x + 2
Derivando en ambos miembros:
x 3 x +1
= (2 Ax + B ) x 2 + 2 x + 2 +
x 2 + 2x + 2 +
(Ax
dx
x 2 + 2x + 2
+ Bx + C .2(x + 1)
x + 2x + 2
2 x + 2x + 2
x + 2x + 2
Operando e igualando trminos semejantes por ser polinomios idnticos:
2
) (
x 3 x + 1 = (2 Ax + B ) x 2 + 2 x + 2 + Ax 2 + Bx + C (x + 1) +
x 3 x + 1 = 2 Ax 3 + 4 Ax + Bx 2 + 2Bx + 12B + Ax 3 + Ax 2 + Bx + Cx + C +
x 3 x + 1 = 3 Ax 3 + (5 A + 2B )x 2 + (4 A + 3B + C )x + 2B +
1 = 3 A A = 1 / 3
4 A + 3B + C = 1 C = 1 / 6
x 2 5x 1 2
5
I =
+ x + 2 x + 2 +
5 A + 2 B = 0 B = 5 / 6
6 6
2
3
2 B + C + = 1 5 + 1 + = 1 = 5
3 6
2
2
x
5x 1 2
5
I =
+ x + 2 x + 2 + Ln x + 1 + x 2 + 2 x + 2 + C .
6 6
2
3
10. Resolver:
x 2 + 2x + 3
x 2 + 4x
dx
(x + 1)2 + 1
dx
Solucin:
x2 + 2x + 3
dx = ( Ax + B ) x 2 + 4 x +
x + 4x
Derivando en ambos miembros:
2
dx
x2 + 4x
(1)
12
2x + 4
1
= ( A) x 2 + 4 x + ( Ax + B )
+
2
x + 4x
2 x + 4x
x2 + 4x
x 2 + 2 x + 3 ( A )( x 2 + 4 x ) + ( Ax + B )( x + 2 )
=
+
2
2
2
x + 4x
x + 2x + 5
x + 2x + 5
x2 + 2x + 3
2
x 2 + 2 x + 3 = ( A) x 2 + 4 x + ( Ax + B)( x + 2) +
x 2 + 2x + 3
dx
1
dx = x 5 x 2 + 4 x + 13
(2)
2
x 2 + 4x
x 2 + 4x
dx
x + 4x
2
dx
x2 + 4x
dx
(2) (x 2)
2
x2
= arcsen
+ C (3)
2
x 2 + 2x + 3
x2
dx = x 5 x 2 + 4 x + 13 arcsen
+C
2
2
x + 4x
2
x (a + bx )
m
dx
m +1
es un nmero entero, hacer la sustitucin a + bxn = t s siendo s el denominador de
n
la fraccin p.
2) Si
Ejemplo:
x 3 dx
(4 x )
2
4 x2
m +1
+ p es un nmero entero, hacer la sustitucin
n
denominador de la fraccin p.
dx
Ejemplo:
x4 1+ x2
3) Si
(ax
+ b = t s siendo s el
13
1. Integrar
x 4 2 + 3 x 2 dx
Solucin:
1
1
2
4
1
I = 3 x 4 2 + 3 x 2 dx = x 3 2 + x 3 dx . Encontramos que m = n = 2 p = 1
3
4
3
1
4
+1
m +1 3
Como
=
= 3 = 2 es entero, la sustitucin que haremos ser:
2
2
n
3
3
2+ x
= t4 x
dx = 6t 3dt .x
= t4 2 x = t4 2
= 6t 3 t 4 2
2x
dx = 4t 3 dt
) (t )
1
.6t 3 t 4 2
dt
.t 4 dt = 6 t 4 2 t 4 dt = 6 t 8 dt 12 t 4 dt
2
6 2 + x 3
9
5
6t
12t
I=
+C =
9
5
9
2
2
I = 2 + x 3
dt
Reemplazando obtenemos I = t 4 2
I = 6 t 4 2
2. Resolver
2
12
2 + x 3
x4
x2 + 1
2
12 2 + x 3
+C
+C
dx
Solucin:
I =
x4
x2 +1
dx = x 4 1 + x 2
Identificamos que: m = 4
12
dx
n=2
p=
1
2
m +1
4 +1 1
+p=
=2
n
2
2
hacemos la sustitucin:
Luego:
1 + x 2 = t 2
x 2
2 x 3dx = 2tdt
1
1
1
= t 2 1 2 = t 2 1 x2 = 2
x= 2
x
t 1
t 1
dx = tdtx3 = tdt.
(t
1
2
14
x 4 dx
I =
I =
x 2 +1
(t
dt
2
. tdt
t 2 1 32
1 + 2
t 1
t 2 1
3. Resolver
(t
3
dt
)(
(t )
1 t 2 1
2
(t
(t
tdt
1+ 4 x
dx
x
Solucin:
I =
1+ 4 x
dx = x 2 1 + x
1
Identificando valores: m = 1
Hacemos la sustitucin: 1 + x
dx
n= 1
x 4 = t3 1
1
+1
2
=2.
1
4
= t3 t = 3 1+ 4 x
x = t3 1 x = t3 1
m +1
p = 1 . Luego
=
3
n
dx = 4 t 3 1 3t 2 dt
dx = 12 t 3 1 t 2 dt
I =
1+ 4 x
x
dx =
(t
t3
I = 12 t 6 t 3 dt = 12 t 6 dt 12 t 3 dt = 12
( 1 + x ) 3( 1 + x ) + C
I = 12
7
3
12t 2 t 3 1 dt = 12t 3 t 3 1 dt
t 7 12t 4
+C
7
4
x (1 + x ) dx
3 2
53
4. Resolver
Solucin:
I = x 5 3 1 + x 3 dx = x 5 1 + x 3
2
dx
p=2
m +1 5 +1
=
=2
n
3
Hacemos la sustitucin: 1 + x3 = t 3 t = 3 1 + x3 x 3 = t 3 1 x = t 3 1
Derivando obtenemos:
[(
5
3
3
x 3 1 + x dx = t 1
2
1
3
] ( t ) (t t dt1)
5
1
3
15
(t
(t
3
3
)
)
1 4
t dt = t 3 1 t 4 dt = t 7 dt t 4 dt
1
(1 + x) 3 1 + x3
t8 t5
= +C =
8 5
8
5
8
5. Resolver
Solucin.
+C
dx
= 1/2 ;
= 1. Hacemos la sustitucin: x = z z = x
(1 + z) 3z dz = 3 (1 + z)
dz = 2(1 + z)
dx = 2 1 + x
6. Resolver
Solucin.
Tenemos que m = 0 ; n = 2 y p =
+ p=
2
Derivando
=x
dx = 2tdt
Luego, reemplazando: (1 + x )
=
tdt =
dt =
= =
7. Resolver
Solucin:
dx = tdt
dx = (
dx
dx = 3z dz
(1 + x )
dx
=1+x
dx =
) ()x tdt = (
=x
+1=
) x tdt
+1=
= = 1 Z
+ c
+ C
(1 +
Reemplazando se tiene:
z
dx =
= x
(1 + x )
dx
16
Donde m = 2 ; n = 2 y
p=
+ p=
Entonces.
= 2 Z
Sea
Adems: t =
Luego
x
2x
+1
+1
dx = 2tdt
=t 1
( )
x =
(
x (1 + x )
dx
x (1 + x )
7.1
1.
= t
=
1
x + 1
+C=
t
x
x
x + 1
+C
x
x + 1
dx = tdt (x )
,
reemplazamos
en
la
integral
= (1 )dt
dt
1
= t + C
t
t
dt +
= tdt
+C=
x
x + 1
+C
x
x + 1
PROBLEMAS:
dx
x(
x +1
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
x +1
dx
dx
3
1+ x3
dx
1+ x3
x 5 x 3 x + 3.dx
dx
33
2 x3
17