Marist College Kogarah

Chemistry Year 12, 2009

SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION

Name:

______________________________

Teacher:

JWO

Date:

Tuesday, 17 March 2009

Total Time Allowed:

2 hours (plus 5 minutes reading time)

Weighting:

15%

Total Marks:

____ / 70

Instructions

Reading time 5 minutes

Working time 2 hours

Attempt all questions.

Board approved calculators may be

used.

Write using blue or black pen.

Draw diagrams using pencil.

This paper must not be removed

from the Examination Room.

Exam Structure
Part A (15 MARKS)
/ 15
Attempt Questions 1 15
Allow about 25 minutes for this
Part
Mark your answers on the answer
sheet provided.
Part B (50 MARKS)
/ 55
Attempt Questions 16 25
Allow about 1 hour and 35 minutes
for this Part
Mark your answers in the space
provided.
Total Marks:
70

____ /

Students are reminded that this is a Year 12 Examination only and cannot
in any way

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

guarantee the content or format of the 2009 Chemistry Higher School
Certificate Examination.

Part A 15 marks
Attempt Questions 1-15
Allow about 30 minutes for this part
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet.
Select the alternative A,B,C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
Sample:

2+4=

(A) 2

(B) 6

(C) 8

(D) 9

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the
new answer.
A

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer,
then indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as
follows.
A

C
correct

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Part A
Total marks (15)
Attempt Questions 1-15
Allow about 25 minutes for this part
Use the multiple choice answer sheet provided
Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question and indicate your choice
with a cross (X) in the appropriate space on the grid below
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1. Why does cellulose have the potential to be a raw material for building petrochemicals?
(A) It is a renewable carbon-chain polymer.
(B) It has a flat, rigid structure and it is insoluble in many solvents making it useful
for disposable items.
(C) It is a condensation polymer composed of alternating upright and inverted /3glucose monomers.
(D) It can be decomposed by bacteria directly into ethylene, a building block of many
addition polymers.

2. Which of the following substances cannot be produced in an addition reaction with

ethylene?
(A) 1 ,2-dibromoethane
(B) vinyl chloride
(C) ethanol
(D) ethane

3. Which of the following lists contains substances which are in order of increasing boiling
points?
(A) ethanol, ethene, ethane
(B) methanol, ethane, propanol
(C) propanol, ethanol, methanol
(D) methane, methanol, methanoic acid

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

4. Which group of substances below result in a lower pH when dissolved in water?

(A) Ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate

(B) Hydrogen chloride, ethanol, carbon monoxide
(C) Sodium oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium hydroxide
(D) Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen bromide

5. A student reacted sodium carbonate with excess hydrochloric acid. The balanced
equation is shown below.
Na2CO3 + 2HCl 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
The student collects 1.52 L of gas from the reaction at 25oC and 100 kPa.
What was the mass of sodium carbonate that reacted?
(A) 6.50 g
(B) 7.10 g
(C) 13.0 g
(D) 15.6 g

6. Which of the following correctly identifies the amphiprotic species with both its
conjugate acid and its conjugate base?
Conjugate acid

Amphiprotic species

Conjugate base

(A)

HCO3-

H2CO3

CO32-

(B)

NH4+

NH3

NH2-

(C)

OH-

H2O

H3O+

(D)

H2SO4

SO42-

HSO4-

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

7. A student reacts equal amounts of 5 mol L -1 sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH (aq) and of
5 mol L-1 hydrochloric acid solution, HCl(aq)at room temperature. Which is the column
graph that correctly compares the temperature of the solutions before they were reacted
and once the reaction is completed?

8. The accepted value for the molar heat of combustion of ethanol is 1364 kJ/mol.
A 1.08 g sample of ethanol is burnt to heat a 300 mL sample of water. 75% of the heat
released is absorbed by the water.
What would be the expected change of temperature of the water?
(A) 0.9oC
(B) 6.4 oC
(C) 19.1 oC
(D) 25.5 oC

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

9. The table below shows the pH and colour ranges of some common acid-base indicators.
Indicator

low pH colour

pH range

high pH colour

bromothymol blue

Yellow

6.0-7.6

blue

Colourless

8.3-10

pink

phenolphthalein

A student carries out the following procedure:

1.
2.

Add a few drops of phenolphthalein to 50mL of 0.1M NH3 solution.

Add 50mL of 0.1M HNO3 (aq) to the NH3 solution.
3. Add a few drops of a bromothymol blue to the mixture formed from steps 1
and 2.
Which of the following is the best prediction of the colour of the mixture at the end of
each step of the procedure?
Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

colourless

pink

yellow

colourless

pink

green

pink

colourless

yellow

pink

colourless

blue

10. The concentration of a NaOH solution is 2.0 x 10-2mol L-1.

What is the pH of this solution?
(A) 1.30
(B) 2.30
(C) 11.70
(D) 12.30
11. A solution of pH 3 has the necessary changes made to it so that it is now a pH of 5.
What change has been made to the concentration of H+?
(A) It has become more concentrated by a factor of 2.
(B) It has become more concentrated by a factor of 100.
(C) It has become less concentrated by a factor of 2.
(D) It has become less concentrated by a factor of 100.

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

12. Which of the following would be the best method to obtain a standard solution of
hydrochloric acid?
(A) Weigh out 3.65 g of concentrated hydrochloric acid and dissolve this in 1 L of
distilled water.
(B) Measure exactly 3.65 mL of concentrated acid and make it up to 1 L with distilled
water.
(C) Titrate any hydrochloric acid solution against a base solution whose concentration
is known accurately.
(D) Dissolve a known volume of hydrogen chloride in a known volume of distilled
water.

13. The table below lists some physical and chemical properties of four different carbon
compounds.
Compound

Boiling point (oC)

Reactivity in bromine water

Solubility in Water

-89

unreactive

insoluble

-104

reactive

insoluble

78

unreactive

soluble

138

unreactive

slightly soluble

Which alternative best identifies compound W, X, Y and Z?

W

(A
)

C2H6

C2H4

C2H5OH

C5H11OH

(B)

C2H4

C2H6

C5H11OH

C2H5OH

(C)

C5H11OH

C2H5OH

C2H4

C2H6

(D
)

C5H11OH

C2H4

C2H5OH

C2H6

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

14. The curves below represent acid-base titrations. Note that the solid and dashed curves
overlapped each other from 25 mL on.

Which titrations are represented by the solid and dashed curves?

Solid curve

Dashed curve

(A
)

strong base + strong acid

weak base

+ strong acid

(B)

strong base + strong acid

strong base +

weak acid

(C)

strong base + weak acid

weak base +

weak acid

(D
)

weak base + strong acid

strong base +

weak acid

15. Salt solutions can be acidic, neutral or basic. Which of the following salt solution is
acidic?
(A) sodium ethanoate
(B) potassium nitrate
(C) sodium hydrogen carbonate

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

(D) ammonium chloride

HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Part B
Attempt questions 16 25
Allow about 1 hour and 35 minutes for this part
Answer the questions in the spaces provided.
Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.
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Marks
Question 16 (4 marks)
(a)

Briefly describe two chemical processes encountered in this course that use a
catalyst.

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(b)

Identify the features of the catalysts that make them useful for the process.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 17
(a)

Mark
s

(4 marks)

Name a biopolymer that is currently being manufactured and considered as an

alternative to traditional polymers such as polyethylene

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(b)

Identify potential uses of this biopolymer and explain how its properties make it
suitable for these applications.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 18

(4 marks)

The acid shown below is used in the food industry.

Identify the common name and IUPAC name for this acid and explain why
acids such as these are used as food additives.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Marks
Question 19 (9 marks)
The flow chart below represents a series of reactions (1, 2 and 3), starting with substance X
in reaction 1.

ethylene + Y
2

ethanol + carbon dioxide

1

+ butanoic acid

Z + water

(a)

Write balanced chemical equations to represent reactions 1 and 2 above.

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(b)

Using structural formulae, write a balanced equation to represent reaction 3 above.

(c)

Outline the conditions under which ethylene is converted to HDPE.

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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 19 continues on page 13.
Marks
Question 19 (continued)
(d)

Assess the significance of the reaction conditions in reaction (1) in the above
diagram.

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Marks
Question 20

(8 marks)

A student wanted to compare the heat of combustion of 1-pentanol with that of

ethanol. To do this, they burned 1.55 g of 1-pentanol to heat 250.0 mL of water
from 10.0oC to 38.0oC.
(a)

(b)

Draw the structural formula of 1-pentanol.

Define molar heat of combustion of a compound.

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Question 20 continues on page 14.

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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 20 (continued)
(c)

Using the student's data, calculate the heat of combustion of 1-pentanol.

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(d)

Identify how you would expect the student's value to compare with the
experimental value for ethanol.
1
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(e)

Identify how you would expect the student's value to compare with the literature
value (eg in the SI Data Book) for 1-pentanol. Explain your answer.
2
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 21 (6 marks)

Marks

Hydrochloric acid is a strong, monoprotic acid. It is formed when hydrogen chloride gas
dissolves in water.
(a) Contrast the term strong with the term concentrated when referring to acids.

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(b) Distinguish between the terms strong and concentrated using diagrams.

(c) Hydrogen chloride gas is bubbled through water, which results in 1.26 g of the gas
dissolving.
Calculate the pH of this solution if the volume of the solution produced is 2.42 L
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Question 22

(3 marks)

Use Le Chateliers Principle to relate the increase in burning fossil fuels to a

possible increase in the acidity of the oceans.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Marks
Question 23 (5 marks)
A solution of vinegar was titrated against 0.22 mol L-1 NaOH to determine its
concentration. The 50.00 mL sample of vinegar was diluted to 500.00 mL and 20.00 mL
aliquots of the diluted solution were titrated with phenolphthalein as the indicator. The
results are shown below.
Run

Volume of NaOH used (mL)

Rough

23.5

23.1

23.00

22.90

(a) Justify the use of the phenolphthalein as the indicator.

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(b) Calculate the concentration of the vinegar.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Marks
Question 24 (6 marks)
Sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3, is a common laboratory chemical which readily
dissolves in water. The sodium hydrogencarbonate may then react with water to form a
basic solution.
(a) Identify the Lowry-Bronsted definition of an acid and a base.

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(b) Demonstrate that sodium hydrogencarbonate is acting as a base in this reaction
according to the Lowry-Bronsted theory.

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(c) Justify the success of the Lowry-Bronsted theory of acids and bases over earlier
ideas. Refer to the above reaction in your answer.
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

Marks
Question 25 (5 marks)
The following article, sourced from the internet, outlines possible future directions in
ethanol production.
Cellulosic ethanol has great appeal as an alternative fuel.
Cellulosic ethanol is the term given to ethanol that is derived from the cellulose content
of biomass (newspaper pulp, switchgrass, etc.). It is identical to ethanol produced from
sugars in corn or sugar cane.
Switchgrass could be the key to future large-scale ethanol production due to its high
cellulose content, its fast-growing nature and its limited need for water or fertiliser. It also
thrives in places unsuitable for most crops.
The major components of biomass are cellulose, starch and lignin. It is possible for
cellulose and starch to be broken down into their glucose monomers and these simple
sugars can then be converted into ethanol via fermentation.
The remaining lignin waste could be used as a fuel. Recent developments in the industry
involve burning the lignin as a heat source for processes involved in ethanol production.
Ethanol then has the potential to release nearly 80% more energy than is consumed during
its production. Such clever use of the bulk of the biomass material means CO2 emissions
are virtually neutral in this process reducing greenhouse gas emissions by up to 85%
compared to petrol.
Unfortunately, cellulose requires a greater amount of processing involving costly enzymes
which leads to high production costs.
Assess the potential of cellulosic ethanol as an alternative fuel
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HSC Chemistry Semester 1 Examination 2009

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