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Iftheratiooftheirpresentagesis3:4,whatwillbethetotalof
theirpresentages?
A.45
B.40
C.35
D.30
Tenyearsago,PwashalfofQinage
=>(3x10)=(4x10)
=>6x20=4x10
=>2x=10
=>x=5
totaloftheirpresentages=3x+4x=7x=75=35
2.FatherisagedthreetimesmorethanhissonSunil.After8years,hewouldbetwoandahalftimesof
Sunil'sage.Afterfurther8years,howmanytimeswouldhebeofSunil'sage?
A.4times
B.4times
C.2times
D.3times
After8years,fathersage=2timesofSunils'age
=>(4x+8)=2(x+8)
=>4x+8=(5/2)(x+8)
=>8x+16=5x+40
=>3x=4016=24
=>x=24/3=8
Afterfurther8years,
Sunil'sage=x+8+8=8+8+8=24
Father'sage=4x+8+8=48+8+8=48
Father'sage/Sunil'sage=48/24=2
3.Aman'sageis125%ofwhatitwas10yearsago,but831/3%ofwhatitwillbeafterten10years.
Whatishispresentage?
A.70
B.60
C.50
D.40
Presentage=x+10=40+10=50
4. A man is 24 years older than his son. In two years, his age will be twice the age of his son. What is
thepresentageofhisson?
A.23years
B.22years
C.21years
D.20years
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
Letthepresentageoftheson=xyears
Thenpresentagetheman=(x+24)years
Given that in 2 years, man's age will be twice the age of his
son
=>(x+24)+2=2(x+2)
=>x=22
5.PresentagesofKiranandSyamareintheratioof5:4respectively.Threeyearshence,theratioof
theirageswillbecome11:9respectively.WhatisSyam'spresentageinyears?
A.28
B.27
C.26
D.24
After3years,ratiooftheirages=11:9
=>(5x+3):(4x+3)=11:9
=>(5x+3)/(4x+3)=11/9
=>9(5x+3)=11(4x+3)
=>45x+27=44x+33
=>x=3327=6
Syam'spresentage=4x=46=24
6.Thesumofagesof5childrenbornattheintervalsof3yearseachis50years.Findouttheageofthe
youngestchild?
A.6years
B.5years
C.4years
D.3years
X+(x+3)+(x+6)+(x+9)+(x+12)=50
=>5x+30=50
=>5x=20
=>x=20/5=4
7.AistwoyearsolderthanBwhoistwiceasoldasC.ThetotaloftheagesofA,BandCis27.Howold
isB?
A.10
B.9
C.8
D.7
ThetotalageofA,BandC=27
=>(2+2x)+2x+x=27
=>5x=25
=>25/5=5
B'sage=2x=25=10
8.TheAverageageofaclassof22studentsis21years.Theaverageincreasedby1whentheteacher's
agealsoincluded.Whatistheageoftheteacher?
A.48
B.45
C.43
D.44
9. A father said to his son, "I was as old as you are at the present at the time of your birth". If the
father'sageis38yearsnow,whatwastheson'sagefiveyearsback?
A.20years
B.18years
C.14years
D.22years
Son'sage5yearsback=195=14
10.Ayisha'sageis1/6thofherfather'sage.Ayisha'sfather'sagewillbetwicetheageofShankar'sage
after 10 years. If Shankar's eight birthdays was celebrated two years before, then what is Ayisha 's
presentage.
A.10years
B.12years
C.8years
D.5years
Given that Ayisha 's father's age will be twice the age of
Shankar'sageafter10years
=>Shankar'sageafter10years=(6x+10)=3x+5
11.Thesumofthepresentagesofasonandhisfatheris60years.Sixyearsago,father'sagewasfive
timestheageoftheson.After6years,whatwillbeson'sage?
A.23years
B.22years
C.21years
D.20years
Sixyearsagofather'sagewas5timestheageoftheson
=>(60x)6=5(x6)
=>84=6x
=>x=84/6=14
Son'sageafter6years=x+6=14+6=20
12.KiarnisyoungerthanBineeshby7yearsandtheiragesareintherespectiveratioof7:9,howold
isKiran?
A.25
B.24.5
C.24
D.23.5
7x=9x7
=>x=7/2=3.5
Kiran'sage=7x=73.5=24.5
13.Sixyearsago,theratiooftheagesofVimalandSarojwas6:5.Fouryearshence,theratiooftheir
ageswillbe11:10.WhatisSaroj'sageatpresent?
A.18
B.17
C.16
D.15
Hencewecanassumethat
TheageofVimalsixyearsago=6x
TheageofSarojsixyearsago=5x
After4years,theratiooftheirages=11:10
=>(6x+10)/(5x+10)=11/10
=>10(6x+10)=11(5x+10)
=>5x=10
=>x=10/5=2
Saroj'spresentage=5x+6=52+6=16
14.Atpresent,theratiobetweentheagesofShekharandShobhais4:3.After6years,Shekhar'sage
willbe26years.FindouttheageofShobhaatpresent?
A.15years
B.14years
C.13years
D.12years
LetpresentageofShobha=x
Then
20/x=4/3
=>x=203/4=15
15.Mybrotheris3yearseldertome.Myfatherwas28yearsofagewhenmysisterwasbornwhilemy
mother was 26 years of age when I was born. If my sister was 4 years of age when my brother was
born,thenwhatwastheagemyfatherwhenmybrotherwasborn?
A.35years
B.34years
C.33years
D.32years
=>agemyfatherwhenmybrotherwasborn=x+35(x+
3)=32
16. The present ages of A,B and C are in proportions 4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages
was56.Whataretheirpresentages(inyears)?
A.Insufficientdata
B.16,30,40
C.16,2840
D.16,28,36
17.Aperson'spresentageistwofifthoftheageofhismother.After8years,hewillbeonehalfofthe
ageofhismother.Whatisthepresentageofthemother?
A.60
B.50
C.40
D.30
Presentageofthemother=5x/2=516/2=40
18. A is as much younger than B and he is older than C. If the sum of the ages of B and C is 50 years,
whatisdefinitelythedifferencebetweenBandA'sage?
A.Datainadequate
B.3years
C.2years
D.5years
AgeofC<AgeofA<AgeofB
GiventhatsumoftheagesofBandCis50years.
=>Let'stakeB'sage=xandC'sage=50x
NowweneedtofindoutB'sageA'sage.Butwecannotfind
outthiswiththegiven
data.
19.Sobha'sfatherwas38yearsofagewhenshewasbornwhilehermotherwas36yearsoldwhenher
brotherfouryearsyoungertoherwasborn.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheagesofherparents?
A.6years
B.5years
C.4years
D.3years
20. The age of father 10 years ago was thrice the age of his son. Ten years hence, father's age will be
twicethatofhisson.Whatistheratiooftheirpresentages?
A.7:3
B.3:7
C.9:4
D.4:9
Nowwecanwriteas
(3x+20)=2(x+20)
=>x=20
=>AgeofFatherthesonatpresent=x+10=20+10=30
Ageofthefatheratpresent=3x+10=320+10=70
Requiredratio=70:30=7:3
21. The ages of two persons differ by 16 years. 6 years ago, the elder one was 3 times as old as the
youngerone.Whataretheirpresentagesoftheelderperson?
A.10
B.20
C.30
D.40
(x6)=3(x166)
=>x6=3x66
=>2x=60
=>x=60/2=30
22.Thepresentageofafatheris3yearsmorethanthreetimestheageofhisson.Threeyearshence,
father'sagewillbe10yearsmorethantwicetheageoftheson.Whatisfather'spresentage?
A.30years
B.31years
C.32yeas
D.33years
Father'spresentage=3x+3=310+3=33
23. Kamal was 4 times as old as his son 8 years ago. After 8 years, Kamal will be twice as old as his
son.FindoutthepresentageofKamal.
A.40years
B.38years
C.42years
D.36years
After8years,Kamalwillbetwiceasoldashisson
=>4x+16=2(x+16)
=>x=8
PresentageofKamal=4x+8=48+8=40
24.If6yearsaresubtractedfromthepresentageofAjayandtheremainderisdividedby18,thenthe
presentageofRahulisobtained.IfRahulis2yearsyoungertoDeniswhoseageis5years,thenwhatis
Ajay'spresentage?
A.50years
B.60years
C.55years
D.62years
LetthepresentageofAjay=x
Then(x6)/18=presentageofRahul=3
=>x6=318=54
=>x=54+6=60
25.Theratiooftheageofamanandhiswifeis4:3.Atthetimeofmarriagetheratiowas5:3andAfter
4yearsthisratiowillbecome9:7.Howmanyyearsagoweretheymarried?
A.8years
B.10years
C.11years
D.12years
After4yearsthisratiowillbecome9:7
=>(4x+4)/(3x+4)=9/7
=>28x+28=27x+36
=>x=8
=>Presentageoftheman=4x=48=32
Presentageofhiswife=3x=38=24
Assumethattheygotmarriedbeforetyears.Then
(32t)/(24t)=5/3
=>963t=1205t
=>2t=24
=>t=24/2=12
26.TheproductoftheagesofSyamandSunilis240.IftwicetheageofSunilismorethanSyam'sage
by4years,whatisSunil'sage?
A.16
B.14
C.12
D.10
2x=y+4
=>y=2x4
=>y=2(x2)(2)
Substitutingequation(2)inequation(1).Weget
x2(x2)=240
=>x(x2)=240/2
=>x(x2)=120(3)
Wegotaquadraticequationtosolve.
Always time is precious and objective tests measures not only
howaccurateyouarebutalsohowfastyouare.Wecaneither
solve this quadratic equation in the traditional way. But more
easy way is just substitute the values given in the choices in
the quadratic equation (equation 3 ) and see which choice
satisfytheequation.
Here the option A is 10. If we substitute that value in the
quadraticequation,x(x2)=108whichisnotequalto120
NowtryoptionBwhichis12.Ifwesubstitutethatvalueinthe
quadratic equation, x(x2) = 12 10 = 120. See, we got that
x=12.
HenceSunil'sage=12
by
using
b b2 4ac
x=
=
2a
quadratic
formula
as
2 (2) 2 4 1 (120)
21
2
4
+ 480
2 484
2 22
=
=
=
= 12or 10
2
2
2
Sinceageispositive,x=12)
27. One year ago, the ratio of Sooraj's and Vimal's age was 6: 7 respectively. Four years hence, this
ratiowouldbecome7:8.HowoldisVimal?
A.32
B.34
C.36
D.38
Giventhat,fouryearshence,thisratiowouldbecome7:8.
=>(6x+5)/(7x+5)=7/8
=>48x+40=49x+35
=>x=5
Vimal'spresentage=7x+1=75+1=36
28.ThetotalageofAandBis12yearsmorethanthetotalageofBandC.Cishowmanyyearyounger
thanA?
A.10
B.11
C.12
D.13
29.Sachin'sageafter15yearswillbe5timeshisage5yearsback.FindoutthepresentageofSachin?
A.10years
B.11years
C.12years
D.13years
30. Sandeep's age after six years will be threeseventh of his father's age. Ten years ago the ratio of
theirageswas1:5.WhatisSandeep'sfather'sageatpresent?
A.30years
B.40years
C.50years
D.60years
Sandeep'sfather'spresentage=5x+10=58+10=50
Comments(244)
Newest
danielbishop 02Feb201512:37AM
MyBrotherisfouryearsolderthanIam.Thesumofouragesis34.Howoldarewe?
Like | Dislike | Reply | Flag
Jay 11Feb20159:46PM
taketheagesasxand(x+4)
sum=2x+4=34=>x=15
agesare15and19
Like | Dislike | Reply | Flag
amritava 29Jan201512:48PM
themeanoftheagesoffatherandhissonis27years.after18years,fatherwillbetwiceasoldashisson.
whatwouldbetheirpresentages?
Like | Dislike | Reply | Flag
Raj 09Feb201511:51PM
letageoffatherbexandhissonbey
(x+y)/2=27
x+y=54(eq1)
After18years,fatherwillbetwiceasoldashisson
(x+18)=2(y+18)
x+18=2y+36
x2y=18(eq2)
Subtractingeq2fromeq1
3y=36
y=12
x=54y=42
Presentageofthefather=42
Presentageoftheson=12
I mportantFormulas-Area
1.
P ythagoreanTheorem
(P ythagoras'theorem )
Inarightangledtriangle,thesquareofthehypotenuseisequaltothesumofthesquaresoftheothertwosides
c 2 =a 2 +b 2
wherecisthelengthofthehypotenuseandaandbarethelengthsoftheothertwosides
2.
Piisamathematicalconstantwhichistheratioofacircle'scircumferencetoitsdiameter.Itisdenotedby
3.14
3.
22
7
Geom etricShapes
Description
Form ulas
Rectangle
l=Length
b=Breadth
d=Lengthof
Area=lb
Perimeter=2(l+b)
d= l2 + b2
diagonal
Squar e
a=Lengthofa
side
d=Lengthof
diagonal
Area=a 2 =
1 2
d
2
Perimeter=4a
d= 2 a
Par allelogr am
bandcare
sides
b=base
Area=bh
Perimeter=2(b+c)
h=height
Rhombus
a=lengthof
eachside
Area=bh
(Formula1forarea)
b=base
Area=
1
d1 d2
2
h=height
(Formula2forarea)
d1,d2arethe
Perimeter=4a
diagonal
1
bh
2
(Formula1forarea)
Area=
a,bandcare
sides
b=base
h=height
Perimeter=a+b+c
Tr iangle
RadiusofincircleofatriangleofareaA=
A
a+b+c
whereSisthesemiperimeter=
S
2
Area=
Equilater al
Tr iangle
a=side
3 2
a
4
Perimeter=3a
Radiusofincircleofanequilateraltriangleofsidea=
a
2 3
Radiusofcircumcircleofanequilateraltriangleofsidea=
Tr apezium
Baseaisparalleletobaseb
(Trapezoidin
Area=
American
English)
1
(a + b)h
2
h=height
d=2r
Cir cle
r=radius
d=diameter
Area=r 2 =
1 2
d
4
Circumference=2r = d
Circumference
=
d
a
3
r 2 (ifanglemeasureisindegrees)
360
Area,A =
1 2
r (ifanglemeasureisinradians)
2
r(ifanglemeasureisindegrees)
180
Sector of
Cir cle
ArcLength,s=
r=radius
=central
angle
r(ifanglemeasureisinradians)
Plesenotethatintheradiansystemforangularmeasurement,
2radians=360
180
1radian=
1=
radians
180
Hence,
AngleinDegrees=AngleinRadians
180
AngleinRadians=AngleinDegrees
180
Ellipse
Majoraxis
length=2a
Minoraxis
length=2b
Area=ab
a 2 + b2
Perimeter 2
2
Rectangular
Solid
l=length
w=width
TotalSurfaceArea=2lw+2wh+2hl=2(lw+wh+hl)
Volume=lwh
h=height
Cube
TotalSurfaceArea=6s2
s=edge
Volume=s3
Right
Cir cular
LateralSurfaceArea=(2r)h
Cylinder
h=height
r=radiusof
base
TotalSurfaceArea=(2r)h+2(r2)
Voulme=(r2)h
Pyr amid
h=height
B=areaofthe
TotalSurfaceArea=B+Sumoftheareasofthetrianguarsides
Volume=
base
Right
Cir cular
Cone
LateralSurfaceArea=r r 2 + h 2 = rs
wheresistheslantheight= r 2 + h 2
h=height
r=radiusof
base
4.
TotalSurfaceArea=r r 2 + h 2 + r 2 = rs + r 2
Spher e
d=2r
r=radius
SurfaceArea=4r 2 = d 2
d=diameter
Volume=
I m portantpropertiesofGeom etricShapes
I. P ropertiesofTriangle
i.
1
Bh
3
Sumoftheanglesofatriangle=180
4 3 1 3
r = d
3
6
ii.
Sumofanytwosidesofatriangleisgreaterthanthethirdside.
iii.
Thelinejoiningthemidpointofasideofatriangletothepositivevertexiscalledthemedian
iv.
Themedianofatriangledividesthetriangleintotwotriangleswithequalareas
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
Centroidisthepointwherethethreemediansofatrianglemeet.
Centroiddivideseachmedianintosegmentswitha2:1ratio
Areaofatriangleformedbyjoiningthemidpointsofthesidesofagiventriangleisone-fourthoftheareaofthe
giventriangle.
Anequilateraltriangleisatriangleinwhichallthreesidesareequal
Inanequilateraltriangle,allthreeinternalanglesarecongruenttoeachother
x.
Inanequilateraltriangle,allthreeinternalanglesareeach60
xi.
Anisoscelestriangleisatrianglewith(atleast)twoequalsides
xii.
Inisoscelestriangle,altitudefromvertexbisectsthebase.
II. P ropertiesofQuadrilaterals
A.Rectangle
i.
ii.
Thediagonalsofarectangleareequalandbisecteachother
oppositesidesofarectangleareparallel
iii.
oppositesidesofarectanglearecongruent
iv.
oppositeanglesofarectanglearecongruent
v.
Allfouranglesofarectanglearerightangles
vi.
Thediagonalsofarectanglearecongruent
B.Square
i.
Allfoursidesofasquarearecongruent
ii.
Oppositesidesofasquareareparallel
iii.
Thediagonalsofasquareareequal
iv.
Thediagonalsofasquarebisecteachotheratrightangles
v.
Allanglesofasquareare90degrees.
C.P arallelogram
i.
ii.
Theoppositesidesofaparallelogramareequalinlength.
Theoppositeanglesofaparallelogramarecongruent(equalmeasure).
iii.
Thediagonalsofaparallelogrambisecteachother.
iv.
Eachdiagonalofaparallelogramdividesitintotwotrianglesofthesamearea
D.Rhom bus
i.
Allthesidesofarhombusarecongruent
ii.
Oppositesidesofarhombusareparallel.
iii.
Thediagonalsofarhombusareunequalandbisecteachotheratrightangles
iv.
Oppositeinternalanglesofarhombusarecongruent(equalinsize)
v.
Anytwoconsecutiveinternalanglesofarhombusaresupplementaryi.e.thesumoftheirangles=180(equal
insize)
Otherpropertiesofquadrilaterals
i.
ii.
Thesumoftheinterioranglesofaquadrilateralis360degrees
Asquareandarhombusonthesamebasewillhaveequalareas.
iii.
Aparallelogramandarectangleonthesamebaseandbetweenthesameparallelsareequalinarea.
iv.
Ofalltheparallelogramofgivensides,theparallelogramwhichisarectanglehasthegreatestarea.
v.
Eachdiagonalofaparallelogramdividesitintotwotrianglesofthesamearea
Thesumoftheinterioranglesofapolygon=180(n-2)degreeswheren=numberofsides
Example 1 : Number of sides of a triangle = 3. Hence, sum of the interior angles of a triangle = 180(3 - 2) =
1801=180
Example 2 : Number of sides of a quadrilateral = 4. Hence, sum of the interior angles of any quadrilateral =
180(4-2)=1802=360
1.Anerror2%inexcessismadewhilemeasuringthesideofasquare.Whatisthepercentageoferror
inthecalculatedareaofthesquare?
A.4.04%
B.2.02%
C.4%
D.2%
Thenthemeasuredvalue=100
(100 + 2)
= 102(error2%inexcess)
100
CorrectValueoftheareaofthesquare=100100=10000
CalculatedValueoftheareaofthesquare=102102=10404
Error=10404-10000=404
PercentageError=
Error
404
100 =
100 = 4.04%
10000
ActualValue
2.Arectangularpark60mlongand40mwidehastwoconcretecrossroadsrunninginthemiddleofthe
parkandrestoftheparkhasbeenusedasalawn.Theareaofthelawnis2109sq.m.whatisthewidth
oftheroad?
A.5m
B.4m
C.2m
D.3m
Pleasereferthediagramgivenabove.
Areaofthepark=6040=2400m2
Giventhatareaofthelawn=2109m2
Areaofthecrossroads=2400-2109=291m2
Assumethatthewidthofthecrossroads=x
Thentotalareaofthecrossroads
= Area of road 1 + area of road 2 - (Common Area of the
crossroads)
=60x+40x-x2
(Let's look in detail how we got the total area of the cross
roadsas60x+40x-x2
As shown in the diagram, area of the road 1 = 60x. This has
theareasofthe
parts1,2and3giveninthediagram
Areaoftheroad2=40x.Thishastheparts4,5and6
You can see that there is an area which is intersecting (i.e.
part2andpart5)
andtheintersectionarea=x2.
Since 60x + 40x covers the intersecting area (x2) two times (
part2andpart5)
,weneedtosubtracttheintersectingareaof(x2)oncetimeto
getthetotalarea.
.Hencetotalareaofthecrossroads=60x+40x-x2)
Now,wehave
Totalareasofcrossroads=60x+40x-x2
Butareaofthecrossroads=291m2
Hence60x+40x-x2=291
=>100x-x2=291
=>x2-100x+291=0
=>(x-97)(x-3)=0
=> x = 3 (x can not be 97 as the park is only 60 m long and
40mwide)
3. A towel, when bleached, lost 20% of its length and 10% of its breadth. What is the percentage of
decreaseinarea?
A.30%
B.28%
C.32%
D.26%
Lost20%oflength
Newlength=Originallength
(100 20)
80
= 100
= 80
100
100
Lost10%ofbreadth
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth
Newarea=8090=7200
(100 10)
90
= 100
= 90
100
100
Decreaseinarea=OriginalArea-NewArea=10000-7200=2800
Percentageofdecreaseinarea=
DecreaseinArea
2800
100 =
100 = 28%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=landoriginalbreadth=b
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Lost20%oflength
Newlength=Originallength
(100 20)
80
80l
=l
=
100
100
100
Lost10%ofbreadth
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth
Newarea=
(100 10)
90
90b
=b
=
100
100
100
80l
90b
7200lb
72lb
=
=
100 100
10000
100
Decreaseinarea=OriginalArea-NewArea=lb
Percentageofdecreaseinarea=
(
=
28lb
)
100
lb
100 =
72lb
28lb
=
100
100
DecreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
28lb 100
= 28%
100lb
4. If the length of a rectangle is halved and its breadth is tripled, what is the percentage change in its
area?
A.25%Increase
B.25%Decrease
C.50%Decrease
D.50%Increase
Lengthoftherectangleishalved
Originallength
100
Newlength=
=
= 50
2
2
breadthistripled
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth 3 = 100 3 = 300
Newarea=50300=15000
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=15000-10000=5000
PercentageofIncreaseinarea=
IncreaseinArea
5000
100 =
100 = 50%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=landoriginalbreadth=b
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Lengthoftherectangleishalved
Originallength
l
Newlength=
=
2
2
breadthistripled
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth 3 = 3b
Newarea=
l
3lb
3b =
2
2
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=
PercentageofIncreaseinarea=
(
=
lb
)
2
lb
100 =
3lb
lb
lb =
2
2
IncreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
lb 100
= 50%
2lb
5. A person walked diagonally across a square plot. Approximately, what was the percent saved by not
walkingalongtheedges?
A.35%
B.30%
C.20%
D.25%
eachside=1
Thenlengthofthediagonal= (1 + 1) = 2
Distancetravelledifwalkedalongtheedges=BC+CD=1+1=2
Distancetravelledifwalkeddiagonally=BD= 2 = 1.41
DistanceSaved=2-1.41=.59
Percentdistancesaved=
.59
100 = .59 50 30%
2
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
---------------------------------------------------------
Considerasquareplotasshownaboveandletthelengthofeachside=x
Thenlengthofthediagonal= (x + x) = 2x
Distancetravelledifwalkedalongtheedges=BC+CD=x+x=2x
Distancetravelledifwalkeddiagonally=BD= 2x = 1.41x
DistanceSaved=2x-1.41x=.59x
Percentdistancesaved=
.59x
100 = .59 50 30%
2x
6.Arectangularfieldhastobefencedonthreesidesleavingasideof20feetuncovered.Iftheareaof
thefieldis680sq.feet,howmanyfeetoffencingwillberequired?
A.95
B.92
C.88
D.82
b=
680
= 34feet
20
Requiredlengthofthefencing=l+2b=20+(234)=88feet
7.Arectangularparkingspaceismarkedoutbypaintingthreeofitssides.Ifthelengthoftheunpainted
sideis9feet,andthesumofthelengthsofthepaintedsidesis37feet,findouttheareaoftheparking
spaceinsquarefeet?
A.126sq.ft.
B.64sq.ft.
C.100sq.ft.
D.102sq.ft.
Area=lb=914=126sq.ft.
8.Theareaofarectangleplotis460squaremetres.Ifthelengthis15%morethanthebreadth,whatis
thebreadthoftheplot?
A.14metres
B.20metres
C.18metres
D.12metres
Thenlength,l=b
(100 + 15)
115b
=
------(Equation2)
100
100
FromEquation1andEquation2,
115b
b = 460
100
b2 =
46000
= 400
115
= 20m
b=
400
9.Alargefieldof700hectaresisdividedintotwoparts.Thedifferenceoftheareasofthetwopartsis
one-fifthoftheaverageofthetwoareas.Whatistheareaofthesmallerpartinhectares?
A.400
B.365
C.385
D.315
Differenceoftheareasofthetwoparts=x-(700-x)=2x-700
one-fifthoftheAverageofthetwoareas=
=
1 700
350
=
= 70
5
2
5
1 [x + (700 x)]
5
2
Giventhatdifferenceoftheareasofthetwoparts=one-fifthoftheAverageofthe
twoareas
=>2x-700=70
=>2x=770
x=
770
= 385
2
Hence,Areaofsmallerpart=(700-x)=(700385)=315
hectares.
10. The length of a room is 5.5 m and width is 3.75 m. What is the cost of paying the floor by slabs at
therateofRs.800persq.metre.
A.Rs.12000
B.Rs.19500
C.Rs.18000
D.Rs.16500.
11. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If its length is decreased by 5 cm and breadth is
increased by 5 cm, the area of the rectangle is increased by 75 sq.cm. What is the length of the
rectangle?
A.18cm
B.16cm
C.40cm
D.20cm
Answer:OptionC
Explanation:
Letbreadth=xcm
Thenlength=2xcm
Area=lb=x2x=2x2
Newlength=(2x-5)
Newbreadth=(x+5)
NewArea=lb=(2x-5)(x+5)
Butgiventhatnewarea=initialarea+75sq.cm.
=>(2x-5)(x+5)=2x2+75
=>2x2+10x-5x-25=2x2+75
=>5x-25=75
=>5x=75+25=100
=>x= 100/5=20cm
Length=2x=220=40cm
12.Ifasquareandarhombusstandonthesamebase,thenwhatistheratiooftheareasofthesquare
andtherhombus?
A.equalto
B.equalto
C.greaterthan1
D.equalto1
LetABCDbethesquareandABEFbetherhombus
Considertheright-angledtrianglesADFandBCE
WeknowthatAD=BC(sidesofasquare)
AF=BE(sidesofarhombus)
DF=CE[DF2=AF2-AD2andCE2=BE2-BC2]
HenceADF=BCE
=>ADF+TrapeziumABCF=BCE+TrapeziumABCF
=>AreaofsquareABCD=AreaofrhombusABEF
13.Thebreadthofarectangularfieldis60%ofitslength.Iftheperimeterofthefieldis800m,findout
theareaofthefield.
A.37500m2
B.30500m2
C.32500m2
D.40000m2
b=
60l
3l
=
100
5
perimeterofthefield=800m
=>2(l+b)=800
2 (l +
l+
3l
) = 800
5
3l
= 400
5
8l
= 400
5
l
= 50
5
l = 5 50 = 250m
b=
3l
3 250
=
= 2 50 = 150m
5
5
14. A room 5m 44cm long and 3m 74cm broad needs to be paved with square tiles. What will be the
leastnumberofsquaretilesrequiredtocoverthefloor?
A.176
B.124
C.224
D.186
34)170(5
170
0
Hence,HCFof544and374=34
Hence,sidelengthoflargestsquaretilewecantake=34cm
Areaofeachsquaretile=3434cm2
Numberoftilesrequired=
544 374
= 16 11 = 176
34 34
15.Thelengthofarectangularplotis20metresmorethanitsbreadth.Ifthecostoffencingtheplot@
Rs.26.50permetreisRs.5300,whatisthelengthoftheplotinmetres?
A.60m
B.100m
C.75m
D.50m
16. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man cycling along
the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round in 8 minutes, then what is the
areaofthepark(insq.m)?
A.142000
B.112800
C.142500
D.153600
From(Equation1)and(Equation2)
l=800 3/5=480m
b=800 2/5=320m(Orb=800-480=320m)
Area=lb=480320=153600m2
17.Whatisthepercentageincreaseintheareaofarectangle,ifeachofitssidesisincreasedby20%?
A.45%
B.44%
C.40%
D.42%
Letoriginallength=100andoriginalbreadth=100
Thenoriginalarea=100100=10000
Increasein20%oflength
Newlength=Originallength
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Increasein20%ofbreadth
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Newarea=120120=14400
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=14400-10000=4400
Percentageincreaseinarea=
IncreaseinArea
4400
100 =
100 = 44%
10000
OriginalArea
--------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------Letoriginallength=landoriginalbreadth=b
Thenoriginalarea=lb
Increasein20%oflength
Newlength=Originallength
(100 + 20)
120
120l
=l
=
100
100
100
Increasein20%ofbreadth
Newbreadth=Originalbreadth
Newarea=
(100 + 20)
120
120b
=b
=
100
100
100
120l 120b
14400lb
144lb
=
=
100
100
10000
100
Increaseinarea=NewArea-OriginalArea=
Percentageofincreaseinarea=
(
=
44lb
)
100
lb
100 =
144lb
44lb
lb =
100
100
IncreaseinArea
100
OriginalArea
44lb 100
= 44%
100lb
18. If the difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m and its perimeter is 206 m,
whatisitsarea?
A.2800m2
B.2740m2
C.2520m2
D.2200m2
Substitutingthisvalueoflin(Equation1),weget
63-b=23
=>b=63-23=40metre
Area=lb=6340=2520m2
19.Theratiobetweentheperimeterandthebreadthofarectangleis5:1.Iftheareaoftherectangle
is216sq.cm,whatisthelengthoftherectangle?
A.16cm
B.18cm
C.14cm
D.20cm
Giventhat
2(l + b)
=5
b
=>2l+2b=5b
=>2l=3b
=> b =
2l
3
Alsogiventhatarea=216cm2
=>lb=216cm2
Substitutingthevalueofb,weget,l
l2 =
2l
= 216
3
3 216
= 3 108 = (3 3) 36
2
l = 3 6 = 18cm
20.Whatistheleastnumberofsquarestilesrequiredtopavethefloorofaroom15m17cmlongand9
m2cmbroad?
A.814
B.802
C.836
D.900
902)1517(1
902
615)902(1
615
287)615(2
574
41)287(7
287
0
Hence,HCFof1517and902=41
Hence,sidelengthoflargestsquaretilewecantake=41cm
Areaofeachsquaretile=4141cm2
Numberoftilesrequired=
1517 902
= 37 22 = 407 2 = 814
41 41
21.Thediagonalofthefloorofarectangularroomis 7
1
1
feet.Theshortersideoftheroomis4 feet.
2
2
Whatistheareaoftheroom?
A.27squarefeet
B.22squarefeet
C.24squarefeet
D.20squarefeet
1
15
feet =
feet
2
2
1
9
Breadth,b=4 feet = feet
2
2
Diagonal,d=7
Intheright-angledtrianglePQR,
15 2
9 2
2
l =( )
( )
2
2
=
225 81
144
=
4
4
4
144
12
l=
=
feet=6feet
4
2
Area=lb=6
9
= 27feet 2
2
A.16cm
B.10cm
C.12cm
D.18cm
Forarectangle,d 2 = l2 + b2
wherel=length,b=breadthandd=diagonaloftheoftherectangle
d = 41 cm
d 2 = l2 + b2
l2 + b2 = ( 41 )
Area=lb=20cm
= 41........(Equation1)
............(Equation2)
Solving(Equation1)and(Equation2)
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
usingtheaboveformula,wehave
(l + b) 2 = l2 + 2lb + b2 = (l2 + b2 ) + 2lb = 41 + (2 20) = 81
(l + b) =
81 = 9cm
perimeter=2(l + b) = 2 9 = 18cm
23.Atankis25mlong,12mwideand6mdeep.Whatisthecostofplasteringofitswallsandbottom
attherateof75paisepersq.m?
A.Rs.558
B.Rs.502
C.Rs.516
D.Rs.612
Inthiscase,l=25m,w=12m,h=6m
andallsurfaceneedstobeplasteredexceptthetop
Hencetotalareaneedstobeplastered
=TotalSurfaceArea-AreaoftheTopface
=(2lw+2lh+2wh)-lw
=lw+2lh+2wh
=(2512)+(2256)+(2126)
=300+300+144
=744m2
Costofplastering=74475=55800paise=Rs.558
24. It is decided to construct a 2 metre broad pathway around a rectangular plot on the inside. If the
area of the plots is 96 sq.m. and the rate of construction is Rs. 50 per square metre., what will be the
totalcostoftheconstruction?
A.Rs.3500
B.Rs.4200
C.InsufficientData
D.Rs.4400
=96-[(l-4)(b-4)]
=96-[lb-4l-4b+16]
=96-[96-4l-4b+16]
=96-96+4l+4b-16]
=4l+4b-16
=4(l+b)-16
We do not know the values of l and b and hence total area of
therectangularplot
can not be found out. So we can not find out total cost of the
construction.
25. The area of a parallelogram is 72 cm2 and its altitude is twice the corresponding base. What is the
lengthofthebase?
A.6cm
B.7cm
C.8cm
D.12cm
Areaofaparallelogram ,A=bh
w here b is the base and h is the height of the
parallelogram
Letthebase=xcm.
Thentheheight=2xcm(altitudeistwicethebase)
Area=x2x=2x2
Buttheareaisgivenas72cm2
=>2x2=72
=>x2=36
=>x=6cm
26.Twodiagonalsofarhombusare72cmand30cmrespectively.Whatisitsperimeter?
A.136cm
B.156cm
C.144cm
D.121cm
PO=OR=
72
= 36cm
2
SO=OQ=
30
= 15cm
2
=39cm
PQ=QR=RS=SP= 36 2 + 15 2 =
1296
+ 225 =
1521
perimeter=439=156cm
27.Thebaseofaparallelogramis(p+4),altitudetothebaseis(p-3)andtheareais(p2-4),findout
itsactualarea.
A.40sq.units
B.54sq.units
C.36sq.units
D.60sq.units
Areaofaparallelogram ,A=bh
w here b is the base and h is the height of the
parallelogram
Hence,wehave
p2-4=(p+4)(p-3)
=>p2-4=p2-3p+4p-12
=>-4=p-12
=>p=12-4=8
Hence,actualarea=(p2-4)=82-4=64-4=60sq.units
28. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, touching its sides. What is the area of
theremainingportionofthetriangle?
A. 144
3 48
cm2
B. 121
3 36
cm2
C. 144
3 36
cm2
D. 121
3 48
cm2
3 2
a
4
whereaislengthofonesideoftheequilateraltriangle
Areaofanequilateraltriangle=
AreaoftheequilateralABC=
3 2 3 2
a =
24 = 144 3 cm 2 .............(1)
4
4
1
bh
2
wherebisthebaseandhistheheightofthetriangle
Areaofatriangle=
Letr=radiusoftheinscribedcircle.Then
AreaofABC
=AreaofOBC+AreaofOCA+areaofOAB
=(rBC)+(rCA)+(rAB)
=r(BC+CA+AB)
=xrx(24+24+24)
=xrx72=36rcm2------------------------------------------(2)
From(1)and(2),
144 3 = 36r
r=
144
3 = 4 3 (3)
36
Areaofacircle=r 2
where=radiusofthecircle
From(3),theareaoftheinscribedcircle=r 2 = (4 3 )
= 48 (4)
Hence,Areaoftheremainingportionofthetriangle
AreaofABCAreaofinscribedcircle
144 3 48cm 2
29.Arectangularplotmeasuring90metresby50metresneedstobeenclosedbywirefencingsuchthat
polesofthefencewillbekept5metresapart.Howmanypoleswillbeneeded?
A.30
B.44
C.56
D.60
veryimportant.
Hencenumberofpolesrequired= 2805=56
30.Ifthediagonalsofarhombusare24cmand10cm,whatwillbeitsperimeter
A.42cm
B.64cm
C.56cm
D.52cm
31. What will be the length of the longest rod which can be placed in a box of 80 cm length, 40 cm
breadthand60cmheight?
11600 cm
C. 10000 cm
A.
14400 cm
D. 12040 cm
B.
Thelongestroadwhichcanfitintotheboxwillhaveoneendat
Aand
otherendatG(oranyothersimilardiagonal)
Hencethelengthofthelongestrod=AG
Initiallylet'sfindoutAC.ConsidertherightangledtriangleABC
AC2=AB2+BC2=402+802=1600+6400=8000
AC= 8000cm
ConsidertherightangledtriangleACG
AG2=AC2+CG2
cm
AG=
11600
cm
Thelengthofthelongestrod=
11600
1. An error 2% in excess is made while measuring the side of a square. What is the percentage of error in the calculated area of the square?
A. 4.04 %
B. 2.02 %
C. 4 %
D. 2 %
(100 + 2)
= 102 ( error 2% in excess)
100
Percentage Error =
Error
Actual Value
100 =
404
100 = 4.04%
10000
2. A rectangular park 60 m long and 40 m wide has two concrete crossroads running in the middle of the park and rest of the park has been used as a lawn. The area of the
lawn is 2109 sq. m. what is the width of the road?
A. 5 m
B. 4 m
C. 2 m
D. 3 m
3. A towel, when bleached, lost 20% of its length and 10% of its breadth. What is the percentage of decrease in area?
A. 30 %
B. 28 %
C. 32 %
D. 26 %
(100 20)
80
= 100
= 80
100
100
(100 10)
90
= 100
= 90
100
100
Decrease in Area
2800
100 =
100 = 28%
10000
Original Area
(100 20)
80
80l
= l
=
100
100 100
New area =
(100 10)
90
90b
= b
=
100
100 100
=
=
100 100
10000
100
Decrease in Area
100
Original Area
100 =
72lb 28lb
=
100
100
28lb 100
= 28%
100lb
4. If the length of a rectangle is halved and its breadth is tripled, what is the percentage change in its area?
A. 25 % Increase
B. 25 % Decrease
C. 50 % Decrease
D. 50 % Increase
100
= 50
2
breadth is tripled
New breadth= Original breadth 3 = 100 3 = 300
New area = 50 300 = 15000
Increase in area = New Area - Original Area = 15000 - 10000= 5000
Increase in Area
5000
100 =
100 = 50%
10000
Original Area
l
2
breadth is tripled
New breadth = Original breadth 3 = 3b
New area =
l
3lb
3b =
2
2
100 =
3lb
lb
lb =
2
2
Increase in Area
100
Original Area
lb 100
= 50%
2lb
5. A person walked diagonally across a square plot. Approximately, what was the percent saved by not walking along the edges?
A. 35%
B. 30 %
C. 20 %
D. 25%
.59
100 = .59 50 30%
2
---------------------------------------------------------Solution 2---------------------------------------------------------
Consider a square plot as shown above and let the length of each side = x
.59x
100 = .59 50 30%
2x
6. A rectangular field has to be fenced on three sides leaving a side of 20 feet uncovered. If the area of the field is 680 sq. feet, how many feet of fencing will be required?
A. 95
B. 92
C. 88
D. 82
b=
680
= 34 feet
20
7. A rectangular parking space is marked out by painting three of its sides. If the length of the unpainted side is 9 feet, and the sum of the lengths of the painted sides is 37
feet, find out the area of the parking space in square feet?
A. 126 sq. ft.
B. 64 sq. ft.
8. The area of a rectangle plot is 460 square metres. If the length is 15% more than the breadth, what is the breadth of the plot?
A. 14 metres
B. 20 metres
C. 18 metres
D. 12 metres
Then length, l = b
(100 + 15)
115b
=
------(Equation 2)
100
100
115b
b = 460
100
b2 =
46000
= 400
115
= 20 m
400
b=
9. A large field of 700 hectares is divided into two parts. The difference of the areas of the two parts is one-fifth of the average of the two areas. What is the area of the
smaller part in hectares?
A. 400
B. 365
C. 385
D. 315
1 700 350
=
= 70
5
2
5
1 [x + (700 x)]
5
2
Given that difference of the areas of the two parts = one-fifth of the Average of the
two areas
=> 2x - 700 = 70
=> 2x = 770
x=
770
= 385
2
10. The length of a room is 5.5 m and width is 3.75 m. What is the cost of paying the floor by slabs at the rate of Rs. 800 per sq. metre.
A. Rs.12000
B. Rs.19500
C. Rs.18000
D. Rs.16500.
11. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If its length is decreased by 5 cm and breadth is increased by 5 cm, the area of the rectangle is increased by 75 sq.cm.
What is the length of the rectangle?
A. 18 cm
B. 16 cm
C. 40 cm
D. 20 cm
12. If a square and a rhombus stand on the same base, then what is the ratio of the areas of the square and the rhombus?
A. equal to
B. equal to
C. greater than 1
D. equal to 1
13. The breadth of a rectangular field is 60% of its length. If the perimeter of the field is 800 m, find out the area of the field.
A. 37500 m2
B. 30500 m2
C. 32500 m2
D. 40000 m2
b=
60l
3l
=
100
5
2 (l +
l+
3l
) = 800
5
3l
= 400
5
8l
= 400
5
l
= 50
5
l = 5 50 = 250 m
b=
3l 3 250
=
= 2 50 = 150 m
5
5
14. A room 5m 44cm long and 3m 74cm broad needs to be paved with square tiles. What will be the least number of square tiles required to cover the floor?
A. 176
B. 124
C. 224
D. 186
374
170) 374 (2
340
34) 170 (5
170
544 374
= 16 11 = 176
34 34
15. The length of a rectangular plot is 20 metres more than its breadth. If the cost of fencing the plot @ Rs. 26.50 per metre is Rs. 5300, what is the length of the plot in
metres?
A. 60 m
B. 100 m
C. 75 m
D. 50 m
=> l = 50 + 10 = 60 metres
16. The ratio between the length and the breadth of a rectangular park is 3 : 2. If a man cycling along the boundary of the park at the speed of 12 km/hr completes one round
in 8 minutes, then what is the area of the park (in sq. m)?
A. 142000
B. 112800
C. 142500
D. 153600
2 ------------------------------------------
17. What is the percentage increase in the area of a rectangle, if each of its sides is increased by 20%?
A. 45%
B. 44%
C. 40%
D. 42%
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
(100 + 20)
120
= 100
= 120
100
100
Increase in Area
4400
100 =
100 = 44%
10000
Original Area
(100 + 20)
120 120l
= l
=
100
100
100
New area =
(100 + 20)
120 120b
= b
=
100
100
100
=
=
100
100
10000
100
100 =
144lb
44lb
lb =
100
100
Increase in Area
100
Original Area
44lb 100
= 44%
100lb
18. If the difference between the length and breadth of a rectangle is 23 m and its perimeter is 206 m, what is its area?
A. 2800 m2
B. 2740 m2
C. 2520 m2
D. 2200 m2
19. The ratio between the perimeter and the breadth of a rectangle is 5 : 1. If the area of the rectangle is 216 sq. cm, what is the length of the rectangle?
A. 16 cm
B. 18 cm
C. 14 cm
D. 20 cm
Given that
2(l + b)
=5
b
=> 2l + 2b = 5b
=> 2l = 3b
=> b =
2l
3
2l
= 216
3
3 216
= 3 108 = (3 3) 36
2
l = 3 6 = 18 cm
20. What is the least number of squares tiles required to pave the floor of a room 15 m 17 cm long and 9 m 2 cm broad?
A. 814
B. 802
C. 836
D. 900
902) 1517 (1
902
615) 902 (1
615
287) 615 (2
574
41) 287 (7
1517 902
= 37 22 = 407 2 = 814
41 41
1
1
feet. The shorter side of the room is 4
feet. What is the area of the room?
2
2
A. 27 square feet
B. 22 square feet
C. 24 square feet
D. 20 square feet
287
1
15
feet =
feet
2
2
1
9
Breadth, b = 4 feet =
feet
2
2
Diagonal, d = 7
225 81 144
=
4
4
4
l=
144
12
=
feet = 6 feet
4
2
Area = lb = 6
9
= 27 feet 2
2
41 cm and its area is 20 sq. cm. What is the perimeter of the rectangle?
A. 16 cm
B. 10 cm
C. 12 cm
D. 18 cm
For a rectangle, d 2 = l 2 + b2
where l = length , b = breadth and d = diagonal of the of the rectangle
d =
41 cm
d 2 = l 2 + b2
2
l 2 + b2 = ( 41 ) = 41........(Equation 1)
Area = lb = 20 cm
............(Equation 2)
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
23. A tank is 25 m long, 12 m wide and 6 m deep. What is the cost of plastering of its walls and bottom at the rate of 75 paise per sq. m?
A. Rs. 558
B. Rs. 502
C. Rs. 516
D. Rs. 612
In this case, l = 25 m, w = 12 m, h = 6 m
and all surface needs to be plastered except the top
Hence total area needs to be plastered
= Total Surface Area - Area of the Top face
= (2lw + 2lh + 2wh) - lw
= lw + 2lh + 2wh
= (25 12) + (2 25 6) + (2 12 6)
= 300 + 300 + 144
= 744 m2
Cost of plastering = 744 75 = 55800 paise = Rs.558
24. It is decided to construct a 2 metre broad pathway around a rectangular plot on the inside. If the area of the plots is 96 sq.m. and the rate of construction is Rs. 50 per
square metre., what will be the total cost of the construction?
A. Rs.3500
B. Rs. 4200
C. Insufficient Data
D. Rs. 4400
25. The area of a parallelogram is 72 cm2 and its altitude is twice the corresponding base. What is the length of the base?
A. 6 cm
B. 7 cm
C. 8 cm
D. 12 cm
Area of a parallelogram , A = bh
w here b is the base and h
parallelogram
is
the
height of
the
26. Two diagonals of a rhombus are 72 cm and 30 cm respectively. What is its perimeter?
A. 136 cm
B. 156 cm
C. 144 cm
D. 121 cm
PO = OR =
72
= 36 cm
2
SO = OQ =
30
= 15 cm
2
= 39 cm
1296
+ 225 =
1521
PQ = QR = RS = SP = 362 + 152 =
perimeter = 4 39 =156 cm
27. The base of a parallelogram is (p + 4), altitude to the base is (p - 3) and the area is (p2 - 4), find out its actual area.
A. 40 sq. units
B. 54 sq. units
C. 36 sq. units
D. 60 sq. units
Area of a parallelogram , A = bh
w here b is the base and h
parallelogram
is
the
height of
the
Hence, we have
p2 - 4 = (p + 4)(p - 3)
=> p2 - 4 = p2 - 3p + 4p - 12
=> -4 = p - 12
=> p = 12 - 4 = 8
Hence, actual area = (p2 - 4) = 82 - 4 = 64 - 4 = 60 sq. units
28. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side 24 cm, touching its sides. What is the area of the remaining portion of the triangle?
A.
144 3 48 cm2
B.
121 3 36 cm2
C.
144 3 36 cm2
D.
121 3 48 cm2
3 2
a
4
where a is length of one side of the equilateral triangle
3 2 3 2
a =
24 = 144 3 cm2 .............(1)
4
4
1
bh
2
where b is the base and h is the height of the triangle
Area of a triangle =
144 3 = 36r
r=
144
3 = 4 3 (3)
36
Area of a circle = r 2
where = radius of the circle
29. A rectangular plot measuring 90 metres by 50 metres needs to be enclosed by wire fencing such that poles of the fence will be kept 5 metres apart. How many poles will
be needed?
A. 30
B. 44
C. 56
D. 60
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Perim eter of a rectangle = 2(l + b)
w here l is the length and b is the breadth of the rectangle
30. If the diagonals of a rhombus are 24 cm and 10 cm, what will be its perimeter
A. 42 cm
B. 64 cm
C. 56 cm
D. 52 cm
PO = OR =
24
= 12 cm
2
SO = OQ =
10
= 5 cm
2
= 13 cm
144
+ 25 =
169
PQ = QR = RS = SP = 122 + 52 =
perimeter = 4 13 = 52 cm
31. What will be the length of the longest rod which can be placed in a box of 80 cm length, 40 cm breadth and 60 cm height?
11600
cm
C. 10000 cm
A.
14400
cm
D. 12040 cm
B.
The longest road which can fit into the box will have one end at
A and
other end at G (or any other similar diagonal)
Hence the length of the longest rod = AG
Initially let's find out AC. Consider the right angled triangle ABC
AC = 8000 cm
Consider the right angled triangle ACG
I mportantFormulas-Average
1.
Average
Average=
2.
Sumofobservations
Numberofobservations
AverageSpeed
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
Comments(26)
2xy
x+y
kmph
Newest
teja 18Nov20148:49PM
therewere35studentsinahostel.duetotheadmissionof7newstudentstheexpensesforthemesswereincreasedby42/-perdaywhilethe
averageexpenditureperheaddiminishedbyRe1.whatwastheoriginalexpenditureofthemess.
Like | Dislike | Reply | Flag
Raj 21Nov20141:00AM
Lettheinitialaverageexpenditureperheadbex
Thentheinitialtotalexpenditure=35x
Aftertheadmissionof7newstudents,numberofstudentswillbecome42
averageexpenditureperhead=(x-1)
Newtotalexpenditure=42(x-1)
GiventhatExpensesforthemesswereincreasedby42
42(x-1)-35x=42
7x=84
x=12
Originalexpenditure=35x=Rs.420
1.Inthefirst10oversofacricketgame,therunratewasonly3.2.Whatshouldbetherunrateinthe
remaining40overstoreachthetargetof282runs?
A.6.25
B.5.5
C.7.4
D.5
Runsscoredinthefirst10overs=10 3.2 = 32
Totalruns=282
remainingrunstobescored=282-32=250
remainingovers=40
Runrateneeded=
250
= 6.25
40
2.AgrocerhasasaleofRs.6435,Rs.6927,Rs.6855,Rs.7230andRs.6562for5consecutivemonths.
HowmuchsalemusthehaveinthesixthmonthsothathegetsanaveragesaleofRs.6500?
A.4800
B.4991
C.5004
D.5000
Then
= 6500
3. The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, How many of them may be greater than zero , at the
most?
A.1
B.20
C.0
D.19
=>
Sumof20numbers
=0
20
=>Sumof20numbers=0
Henceatthemost,therecanbe19positivenumbers.
(Such that if the sum of these 19 positive numbers is x, 20th
numberwillbe-x)
4.Thecaptainofacricketteamof11membersis26yearsoldandthewicketkeeperis3yearsolder.If
the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year less than the
averageageofthewholeteam.Findouttheaverageageoftheteam.
A.23years
B.20years
C.24years
D.21years
=>
Sumoftheagesofallthe11membersoftheteam
11
=x
=>Sumoftheagesofallthe11membersoftheteam=11x
Ageofthecaptain=26
Ageofthewicketkeeper=26+3=29
Sum of the ages of 9 members of the team excluding captain
andwicketkeeper
=11x-26-29=11x-55
Average age of 9 members of the team excluding captain and
wicketkeeper
11x 55
9
Giventhat
11x 55
= (x 1)
9
=>11x-55=9(x-1)
=>11x-55=9x-9
=>2x=46
=> x =
46
= 23years
2
5. The average monthly income of A and B is Rs. 5050. The average monthly income of B and C is Rs.
6250andtheaveragemonthlyincomeofAandCisRs.5200.WhatisthemonthlyincomeofA?
A.2000
B.3000
C.4000
D.5000
a + b = 2 5050 (Equation1)
b + c = 2 6250 (Equation2)
a + c = 2 5200 (Equation3)
(Equation1)+(Equation3)-(Equation2)
=>a=4000
=>MonthlyincomeofA=4000
6. A car owner buys diesel at Rs.7.50, Rs. 8 and Rs. 8.50 per litre for three successive years. What
approximatelyistheaveragecostperlitreofdieselifhespendsRs.4000eachyear?
A.Rs.8
B.Rs.7.98
C.Rs.6.2
D.Rs.8.1
TotalCost=4000 3
Totaldieselused=
averagecostperlitreofdiesel=
4000 3
4000 4000 4000
(
)
+
+
7.5
8
8.5
=
(
1
1
1
)
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
Itisimportanthowyouproceedfromthisstage.Remembertimeisveryimportanthere
andifwesolvethiscompletelyinthetraditionalway,itmaytakelotoftime.
Instead,wecanfindouttheapproximatevalueeasilyandselecttherightanswerfromthe
givenchoices
3
Inthiscaseanswer=
(
3
1 1 1
( + + )
8 8 8
1
1
1
)
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
3
3
( )
8
Meanswegotthatanswerisapproximatelyequalto8.Fromthegivenchoices,theanswer
canbe8or7.98or8.1.Butwhichonefromthese?
Itwillbeeasytofigureout.Justseeherethedenominatorwas
andweapproximateditas
1
1
1
+ +
7.5 8 8.5
3
.However
8
1
1
1
1
8 + .5 + 8 .5
+
=
+
=
7.5 8.5
8 .5
8 + .5
(8 .5) (8 + .5)
=
16
(8 2 .5 2 )
[becausea 2 b2 = (a b) (a + b)]
16
(64 .25)
ie,
1
1
16
+
=
7.5 8.5
(64 .25)
Weknowthat
=>
1 1
1
16
+ =
=
8 8
4
64
1
1
1 1
+
> +
7.5 8.5
8 8
Earlywehadapproximatedthedenominatoras
3
8
Howeverfromtheabovementionedequations,nowyouknowthatactuallydenominatoris
slightlygreaterthan
3
8
Itmeansthatanswerisslightlylowerthat8.Hencewecanpickthechoice7.98as
theanswer
Trytoremembertherelationsbetweennumbersandwhichcanhelpyoutosavealotoftime
whichcanbeverypreciousincompetitiveexams
7. In Kiran's opinion, his weight is greater than 65 kg but less than 72 kg. His brother does not agree
withKiranandhethinksthatKiran'sweightisgreaterthan60kgbutlessthan70kg.Hismother'sview
isthathisweightcannotbegreaterthan68kg.Ifallarethemarecorrectintheirestimation,whatisthe
averageofdifferentprobableweightsofKiran?
A.70kg
B.69kg
C.61kg
D.67kg
Accordingtomother,x 68------------(equation3)
Given that equation 1,equation 2 and equation 3 are correct.
Bycombiningtheseequations,
wecanwriteas
65 < x 68
Thatisx=66or67or68
averageofdifferentprobableweightsofKiran=
66 + 67 + 68
= 67
3
8.Theaverageweightof16boysinaclassis50.25kgandthatoftheremaining8boysis45.15kg.Find
theaverageweightsofalltheboysintheclass.
A.48.55
B.42.25
C.50
D.51.25
Averageweightof16boys=50.25
TotalWeightof16boys=50.25 16
Averageweightofremaining8boys=45.15
TotalWeightofremaining8boys=45.15 8
(50.25 2) + (45.15 1)
3
= 48.55
9. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. What is the average
numberofvisitorsperdayinamonthof30daysbeginningwithaSunday?
A.290
B.304
C.285
D.270
aSunday
AveragevisitorsonSundays=510
Totalvisitorsof5Sundays=510 5
Averagevisitorsonotherdays=240
Totalvisitorsofother25days=240 25
10. A student's mark was wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the
classgotincreasedbyhalf1/2.Whatisthenumberofstudentsintheclass?
A.45
B.40
C.35
D.30
Letthetotalnumberofstudents=x
Theaveragemarksincreasedby
1
duetoanincreaseof83-63=20marks.
2
Buttotalincreaseinthemarks=
1
x
x=
2
2
Hencewecanwriteas
x
= 20
2
x = 20 2 = 40
11.Afamilyconsistsoftwograndparents,twoparentsandthreegrandchildren.Theaverageageofthe
grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. The
averageageofthefamilyis
2
years
7
1
C. 28 years
7
5
years
7
5
D. 30 years
7
A. 32
B. 31
Totalageofthegrandparents=67 2
Totalageoftheparents=35 2
Totalageofthegrandchildren=6 3
Averageageofthefamily=
=
(67 2) + (35 2) + (6 3)
7
134 + 70 + 18
222
5
=
= 31
7
7
7
12.TheaverageweightofA,BandCis45kg.IftheaverageweightofAandBbe40kgandthatofB
andCbe43kg,whatistheweightofB?
A. 31 kg
C. 32 kg
1
kg
2
1
D. 30 kg
2
B. 28
LettheweightofA,BandCarea,bandcrespectively.
AverageweightofA,BandC=45
a + b + c = 45 3 = 135---equation(1)
averageweightofAandB=40
a + b = 40 2 = 80---equation(2)
averageweightofBandC=43
b + c = 43 2 = 86---equation(3)
13. If the average marks of three batches of 55, 60 and 45 students respectively is 50, 55, 60, what is
theaveragemarksofallthestudents?
A.53.23
B.54.68
C.51.33
D.50
Totalmarksofbatch1 = 55 50
Averagemarksofbatch2=55
Studentsinbatch2=60
Totalmarksofbatch2 = 60 55
Averagemarksofbatch3=60
Studentsinbatch3=45
Totalmarksofbatch3 = 45 60
Totalstudents=55+60+45=160
Averagemarksofallthestudents=
=
14.Theaverageageofhusband,wifeandtheirchild3yearsagowas27yearsandthatofwifeandthe
child5yearsagowas20years.Whatisthepresentageofthehusband?
A.40
B.32
C.28
D.30
3yearsago,averageageofhusband,wifeandtheirchild=27
=> Sumofageofhusband,wifeandtheirchildbefore3years=3 27 = 81
=>(h-3)+(w-3)+(c-3)=81
=>h+w+c=81+9=90-------------------equation(1)
5yearsago,averageageofwifeandchild=20
=> Sumofageofwifeandchildbefore5years=2 20 = 40
=>(w-5)+(c-5)=40
=>w+c=40+10=50-------------------equation(2)
Substitutingequation(2)inequation(1)
=>h+50=90
=>h=90-50=40
=>presentageofthehusband=40
15. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of
themweighing65kg.Whatistheweightofthenewperson?
A.75Kg
B.50Kg
C.85Kg
D.80Kg
Totalincreaseinweight=8 2.5 = 20
Ifxistheweightofthenewperson,totalincreaseinweight=
x-65
=>20=x-65
=>x=20+65=85
16. There are two divisions A and B of a class, consisting of 36 and 44 students respectively. If the
averageweightofdivisionsAis40kgandthatofdivisionbis35kg.Whatistheaverageweightofthe
wholeclass?
A.38.25
B.37.25
C.38.5
D.37
TotalweightofstudentsindivisionA=36 40
TotalweightofstudentsindivisionB=44 35
Totalstudents=36 + 44 = 80
(36 40) + (44 35)
Averageweightofthewholeclass=
80
(9 40) + (11 35)
(9 8) + (11 7)
72 + 77
149
=
=
=
=
= 37.25
20
4
4
4
17.Abatsmanmakesascoreof87runsinthe17thinningandthusincreaseshisaveragesby3.Whatis
hisaverageafter17thinning?
A.39
B.35
C.42
D.40.5
18. A student needed to find the arithmetic mean of the numbers 3, 11, 7, 9, 15, 13, 8, 19, 17, 21, 14
andx.Hefoundthemeantobe12.Whatisthevalueofx?
A.12
B.5
C.7
D.9
3 + 11 + 7 + 9 + 15 + 13 + 8 + 19 + 17 + 21 + 14 + x
12
137 + x
=>
= 12
12
= 12
=>137+x=144
=>x=144-137=7
19.Arunobtained76,65,82,67and85marks(outin100)inEnglish,Mathematics,Chemistry,Biology
andPhysics.Whatishisaveragemark?
A.53
B.54
C.72
D.75
Averagemark=
76 + 65 + 82 + 67 + 85
5
375
= 75
5
20. Distance between two stations A and B is 778 km. A train covers the journey from A to B at 84 km
per hour and returns back to A with a uniform speed of 56km per hour. Find the average speed of the
trainduringthewholejourney?
A.69.0km/hr
B.69.2km/hr
C.67.2km/hr
D.67.0km/hr
--------------------------------------------
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,
2xy
theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
kmph.
x+y
Byusingthesameformula,wecanfindouttheaveragespeedquickly
2 84 56
2 84 56
2 21 56
averagespeed=
=
=
84 + 56
140
35
=
2 3 56
336
=
= 67.2
5
5
------------------------------------------Solution2(Fundamentals)
-------------------------------------------Though it is a good idea to solve the problems quickly using
formulas,youshould
know the fundamentals too. Let's see how we can solve this
problemsusingbasics
TraintravelsfromAtoBat84kmperhour
LetthedistancebetweenAandB=x
TotaltimetakenfortravelingfromAtoB=
TraintravelsfromBtoAat56kmperhour
distance
x
=
speed
84
TotaltimetakenfortravelingfromBtoA=
distance
x
=
speed
56
Totaldistancetravailed=x + x = 2x
Totaltimetaken=
Averagespeed=
2
1
1
+
84 56
x
x
+
84 56
Totaldistancetraveled
Totaltimetaken
2x
= x
x
+
84 56
2 84 56
2 84 56
2 21 56
2 3 56
=
=
=
56 + 84
140
35
5
336
= 67.2
5
21.Theaverageageofboysinaclassis16yearsandthatofthegirlsis15years.Whatistheaverage
ageforthewholeclass?
A.15
B.16
C.15.5
D.InsufficientData
22. The average age of 36 students in a group is 14 years. When teacher's age is included to it, the
averageincreasesbyone.Findouttheteacher'sageinyears?
A.51years
B.49years
C.53years
D.50years
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
averageageof36studentsinagroupis14
=>Sumoftheagesof36students=36 14
When teacher's age is included to it, the average increases by
one=>average=15
=>Sumoftheagesof36studentsandtheteacher=37 15
Henceteachersage=37 15 36 14 = 37 15 14 (37 1) = 37 15 37 14 + 14
= 37 (15 14) + 14 = 37 + 14 = 51
23.Theaverageoffivenumbersid27.Ifonenumberisexcluded,theaveragebecomes25.Whatisthe
excludednumber?
A.30
B.40
C.32.5
D.35
Sumof5numbers=5 27
Sumof4numbersafterexcludingonenumber=4 25
Excludednumber=5 27 4 25 = 135 100 = 35
24.Thebattingaveragefor40inningsofacricketplayeris50runs.Hishighestscoreexceedshislowest
scoreby172runs.Ifthesetwoinningsareexcluded,theaverageoftheremaining38inningsis48runs.
Findoutthehighestscoreoftheplayer.
A.150
B.174
C.180
D.166
Totalrunsscoredbytheplayerin40innings=40 50
Totalrunsscoredbytheplayerin38inningsafterexcludingtwoinnings38 48
Sumofthescoresoftheexcludedinnings=40 50 38 48 = 2000 1824 = 176
=> x =
4
=2
2
highestscoreasx+172=2+172=174
25.Theaveragescoreofacricketerfortenmatchesis38.9runs.Iftheaverageforthefirstsixmatches
is42,whatistheaverageforthelastfourmatches?
A.34.25
B.36.4
C.40.2
D.32.25
Totalrunsscoredin10matches=10 38.9
Totalrunsscoredinfirst6matches=6 42
Totalrunsscoredinthelast4matches=10 38.9 6 42
Averageoftherunsscoredinthelast4matches=
=
10 38.9 6 42
4
389 252
137
=
= 34.25
4
4
26. The average of six numbers is x and the average of three of these is y. If the average of the
remainingthreeisz,then
A.Noneofthese
B.x=y+z
C.2x=y+z
D.x=2y+2z
27. Suresh drives his car to a place 150 km away at an average speed of 50 km/hr and returns at 30
km/hr.Whatishisaveragespeedforthewholejourney?
A.32.5km/hr.
B.35km/hr.
C.37.5km/hr
D.40km/hr
Ifacarcoversacertaindistanceatxkmphandanequaldistanceatykmph.Then,
2xy
theaveragespeedofthewholejourney=
kmph.
x+y
Byusingthesameformula,wecanfindouttheaveragespeedquickly
2 50 30
2 50 30
2 50 3
averagespeed=
=
=
50 + 30
80
8
=
50 3
25 3
75
=
=
= 37.5
4
2
2
------------------------------------------Solution2(Fundamentals)
-------------------------------------------Though it is a good idea to solve the problems quickly using
formulas,youshould
know the fundamentals too. Let's see how we can solve this
problemsusingbasics.
Totaltimetakenfortravelingoneside=
Totaltimetakenforreturnjourney=
distance
150
=
speed
50
distance
150
=
speed
30
2
1
1
+
50 30
150 150
+
50
30
Totaldistancetraveled
Totaltimetaken
2 150
150 150
+
50
30
2 50 30
30 + 50
2 50 30
2 50 3
=
80
8
50 3
25 3
75
=
=
= 37.5
4
2
2
28. The average age of a husband and his wife was 23 years at the time of their marriage. After five
yearstheyhaveaoneyearoldchild.Whatistheaverageageofthefamily?
A.21years
B.20years
C.18years
D.19years
Totaloftheageofhusbandandwife=2 23 = 46
Totaloftheageofhusbandandwifeafter5years+Ageofthe1yearoldchild
= 46 + 5 + 5 + 1 = 57
Averageageofthefamily =
57
= 19
3
29. In an examination, a student's average marks were 63. If he had obtained 20 more marks for his
Geographyand2moremarksforhishistory,hisaveragewouldhavebeen65.Howmanysubjectswere
thereintheexamination?
A.12
B.11
C.13
D.14
=> x =
22
= 11
2
Banker'sDiscount
A.ImportantConceptsBanker'sDiscount
AssumethatamerchantApurchasesgoodsworth,sayRs.1000fromanothermerchantBatacreditofsay4months.
ThenBpreparesabillcalledbillofexchange(alsocalledHundi).Onreceiptsofgoods,AgivesanagreementbysigningonthebillallowingB
towithdrawthemoneyfromAsbankexactlyafter4monthsofthedateofthebill.
The date exactlyafter4monthsisknownasnominallyduedate. Three more days (called grace days) are added to this date to get a date
knownaslegallyduedate.
TheamountgivenonthebilliscalledtheFaceValue(F)whichisRs.1000inthiscase.
Assume that B needs this money before the legallydue date. He can approach a banker or broker who pays him the money against the bill,
but somewhat less than the face value. The banker deducts the simple interest on the face value for the unexpired time. This deduction is
knownasBankersDiscount(BD).Inanotherwords,BankDiscount(BD)isthesimpleinterestonthefacevaluefortheperiodfromthedate
onwhichthebillwasdiscountedandthelegallyduedate.
Thepresentvalueistheamountwhich,ifplacedataparticularrateforaspecifiedperiodwillamounttothatsumofmoneyattheendofthe
specifiedperiod.TheinterestonthepresentvalueiscalledtheTrueDiscount(TD).Ifthebankerdeductsthetruediscountonthefacevalue
fortheunexpiredtime,hewillnotgainanything.
BankersGain(BG)isthedifferencebetweenbankersdiscountandthetruediscountfortheunexpiredtime.
Note:Whenthedateofbillisnotgiven,gracedaysarenottobeadded.
B.ImportantFormulasBanker'sDiscount
Let F = Face Value of the Bill, TD = True Discount, BD = Bankers Discount, BG = Bankers Gain, R = Rate of Interest, PW = True Present
WorthandT=TimeinYears
BD=SimpleInterestonthefacevalueofthebillforunexpiredtime=
F
PW=
1+T(
R
)
100
TD=SimpleInterestonthepresentvalueforunexpiredtime=
TD=
BD 100
100 + TR
PW=F-TD
F=
BD TD
(BDTD)
(TD) 2
BG=BDTD=SimpleInterestonTD=
PW
TD= PW BG
TD=
FTR
100
BG 100
TR
PW TR
100
FTR
100 + (TR)
C.ASimpleExampletounderstandtheBasicConceptsofBanker'sDiscount
Whatisthepresentvalue,truediscount,banker'sdiscountandbanker'sgainonabillofRs.104500duein9monthsat6%perannum?
F=Rs.104500
T=9months=
9
3
years= years
12
4
R=6%
3
104500 6
FTR
3
4
=
= 1045 6 = Rs.4702.50
Banker'sDiscount,BD=
100
100
4
Presentvalue,PW=
TrueDiscount,TD=
R
)
1+T(
100
PW TR
100
104500
3
6
)
1+ ( ) (
4 100
= Rs.100000
3
6
3
4
= 1000 6 = Rs.4500
100
4
100000
Banker'sGain,BG=BDTD=4702.504500=Rs.202.50
1.Thebanker'sdiscountonabilldue4monthshenceat15%isRs.420.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.410
B.Rs.400
C.Rs.390
D.Rs.380
TD=
BD 100
=
100 + TR
420 100
4
100 + (
15)
12
420 100
1
100 + ( 15)
3
420 100
420 100
84 100
=
=
= 4 100 = 400
100 + 5
105
21
2.Thebanker'sdiscountonacertainamountdue2yearshenceis 1110ofthetruediscount.Whatisthe
ratepercent?
A.1%
B.5%
C.10%
D.12%
ThenBD=
11
11
1=Rs.
10
10
T=2
R=?
F=
BD TD
=
(BDTD)
BD=
11
1)
10
11
1)
10
FTR
100
11
11 2 R
=
10
100
110 = 22R
R=
110
= 5%
22
11
10
=
=Rs.11
1
10
3. The present worth of a sum due sometimes hence is Rs.5760 and the baker's gain is Rs.10. What is
thetruediscount?
A.Rs.480
B.Rs.420
C.Rs.120
D.Rs.240
4.Whatisthebanker'sdiscountifthetruediscountonabillofRs.540isRs.90?
A.Rs.108
B.Rs.120
C.Rs.102
D.Rs.106
FromEquation1,SimpleIntereston450=90
Hence,SimpleIntereston540=
90
540
540 =
=Rs.108
450
5
=>BankersDiscount=Rs.108
B.Rs.82
C.Rs.90
D.Rs.120
Explanation:
F=Rs.3000
R=10%
Dateonwhichthebillisdrawn=14thJulyat5months
NominallyDueDate=14thDecember
LegallyDueDate=14thDecember+3days=17thDecember
Dateonwhichthebillisdiscounted=5thOctober
UnexpiredTime
=[6thto31stofOctober]+[30DaysinNovember]+[1stto
17thofDecember]
=26+30+17=73Days
73
1
year = year
365
5
BD=SimpleInterestonthefacevalueofthebillforunexpiredtime=
FTR
100
1
10
1
5
= 30 10=Rs.60
100
5
3000
6.Thebankersdiscountandthetruediscountofasumat10%perannumsimpleinterestforthesame
timeareRs.100andRs.80respectively.Whatisthesumandthetime?
A.Sum=Rs.400andTime=5years
B.Sum=Rs.200andTime=2.5years
C.Sum=Rs.400andTime=2.5years
D.Sum=Rs.200andTime=5years
F=
BD TD
100 80
100 80
=
=
= Rs. 400
20
(BDTD)
(100 80)
BD=SimpleInterestonthefacevalueofthebillforunexpiredtime=
100 =
FTR
100
400 T 10
100
100 = 4 T 10
10 = 4 T
T =
10
= 2.5years
4
7. The banker's gain on a sum due 6 years hence at 12% per annum is Rs. 540. What is the banker's
discount?
A.1240
B.1120
C.1190
D.1290
TD=
BG 100
540 100
90 100
15 100
=
=
=
=Rs.750
TR
6 12
12
2
BG=BDTD
=>540=BD750
=>BD=540+750=1290
8. The present worth of a certain bill due sometime hence is Rs. 1296 and the true discount is Rs. 72.
Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.76
B.Rs.72
C.Rs.74
D.Rs.4
(TD) 2
72 2
72 72
12 12
12
BG=
=
=
=
=
= Rs.4
PW
1296
1296
36
3
BG=BDTD
=>4=BD72
=>BD=72+4=Rs.76
9.Thebanker'sdiscountofacertainsumofmoneyisRs.36andthetruediscountonthesamesumfor
thesametimeisRs.30.Whatisthesumdue?
A.Rs.180
B.Rs.120
C.Rs.220
D.Rs.200
F=
BD TD
36 30
36 30
=
=
= 36 5=Rs.180
6
(BDTD)
(36 30)
10.Thebanker'sgainonabilldue1yearhenceat10%perannumisRs.20.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.200
B.Rs.100
C.Rs.150
D.Rs.250
TD=
BG 100
20 100
=
=Rs.200
TR
1 10
11. The banker's gain of a certain sum due 3 years hence at 10% per annum is Rs. 36. What is the
presentworth?
A.Rs.400
B.Rs.300
C.Rs.500
D.Rs.350
TD=
BG 100
36 100
=
= 12 10 = Rs.120
TR
3 10
TD=
PW TR
100
120 =
PW 3 10
100
1200 = PW 3
PW =
1200
=Rs.400
3
12.ThepresentworthofacertainsumduesometimehenceisRs.3400andthetruediscountisRs.340.
Thebanker'sgainis:
A.Rs.21
B.Rs.17
C.Rs.18
D.Rs.34
(TD) 2
(340) 2
340 340
340
BG=
=
=
=
= Rs.34
PW
3400
3400
10
13. The banker's discount on Rs. 1600 at 15% per annum is the same as true discount on Rs. 1680 for
thesametimeandatthesamerate.Whatisthetime?
A.3months
B.4months
C.5months
D.6months
=>Rs.1600isthePresentWorth(PW)ofRs.1680
=>Rs.80istheSimpleInterestofRs.1600at15%
80 =
1600 T 15
100
80 = 16 T 15
5 = T 15
1=T 3
=>T=
1
12
year =
months = 4months
3
3
14.Thebanker'sgainonacertainsumdue 2
ratepercent?
1
9
yearshenceis
ofthebanker'sdiscount.Whatisthe
2
25
1
%
3
1
C. 24
%
3
1
%
2
1
D. 22
%
2
A. 18
B. 18
T=2
1
5
years = years
2
2
Letthebanker'sdiscount,BD=Rs.1
Then,banker'sgain,BG=
9
9
1=Rs.
25
25
BG=BDTD
9
= 1-TD
25
TD = 1
9
16
=
25
25
16
BD TD
25
F=
=
(BDTD)
16
(1
)
25
1
16
16
25
=
= Rs.
9
9
25
BD=SimpleInterestonthefacevalueofthebillforunexpiredtime=
FTR
100
16 5
R
9
2
1=
100
100 =
16 5
R
9
2
100 =
16 5 R
92
100 =
85R
9
R=
=
100 9
100 9
59
=
=
85
40
2
45
1
= 22 %
2
2
15.Thebanker'sgainonasumdue3yearshenceat12%perannumisRs.360.Thebanker'sdiscount
is:
A.Rs.1360
B.Rs.1000
C.Rs.360
D.Rs.640
TD=
BG 100
360 100
=
= Rs.1000
TR
3 12
BG=BDTD
=>BD=BG+TD=360+1000=Rs.1360
16. The true discount on a certain sum due 6 months hence at 15% is Rs. 240. What is the banker's
discountonthesamesumforthesametimeatthesamerate?
A.Noneofthese
B.Rs.278
C.Rs.228
D.Rs.258
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
TD=Rs.240
T=6months=
1
year
2
R=15%
TD=
BG 100
TR
240 =
BG =
BG 100
1
( 15)
2
240 15
120 15
=
= Rs.18
100 2
100
BG=BDTD
=>18=BD240
=>BD=18+240=Rs.258
17. A bill is discounted at 10% per annum. If banker's discount is allowed, at what rate percent should
theproceedsbeinvestedsothatnothingwillbelost?
A. 10
1
%
9
C. 11
1
%
9
2
%
D. 10
9
B. 11
10 =
R=
90 1 R
100
10 100
100
1
=
= 11 %
90
9
9
18. A banker paid Rs.5767.20 for a bill of Rs.5840, drawn of Apr 4 at 6 months. If the rate of interest
was7%,whatwasthedayonwhichthebillwasdiscounted?
A.3rdMarch
B.3rdSeptember
C.3rdOctober
D.3rdAugust
BD=
FTR
100
72.8 =
T =
=
5840 T 7
100
72.8 100
10.4 100
1040
104
13
=
=
=
=
years
7 5840
5840
5840
584
73
13 365
Days = 65Days
73
UnexpiredTime=65Days
GiventhatDateofDrawofthebill=4thAprilat6months
=>NominallyDueDate=4thOctober
=>LegallyDueDate=(4thOctober+3days)=7thOctober
Hence,Thedateonwhichthebillwasdiscounted
=(7thOctober65days)
=(7thOctober7daysinOctober30daysinSeptember28daysinAugust)
=3rdAugust
19.Thebanker'sdiscountonasumofmoneyfor3yearsisRs.1116.Thetruediscountonthesamesum
for4yearsisRs.1200.Whatistheratepercent?
A.8%
B.12%
C.10%
D.6%
BDfor4years=
1116
4=Rs.1488
3
TDfor4years=Rs.1200
F=
BD TD
1488 1200
1488 1200
124 1200
124 100
=
=
=
=
= 62 100 = Rs.6200
288
24
2
(BDTD)
(1488 1200)
=>Rs.1488isthesimpleinterestonRs.6200for4years
1488 =
R=
=
6200 4 R
100
1488 100
372 100
=
6200 4
6200
372
= 6%
62
20.ThetruediscountonabillofRs.2160isRs.360.Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.432
B.Rs.422
C.Rs.412
D.Rs.442
=>SimpleInterestonRs.1800forunexpiredtime=Rs.360
Banker's Discount is the Simple Interest on the face value of
thebillforunexpiredtime
=SimpleInterestonRs.2160forunexpiredtime
360
1
2160 = 2160 = Rs.432
1800
5
21. The banker's gain of a certain sum due 2 years hence at 10% per annum is Rs. 24. What is the
presentworth?
A.Rs.600
B.Rs.500
C.Rs.400
D.Rs.300
TD=
BG 100
24 100
=
= 12 10 = Rs.120
TR
2 10
TD=
PW TR
100
120 =
PW 2 10
100
1200 = PW 2
PW =
1200
=Rs.600
2
22.ThetruediscountonabillforRs.2520due6monthshenceat10%perannumis
A.Rs.180
B.Rs.140
C.Rs.80
D.Rs.120
T = 6months=
1
year
2
R=10%
TD=
1
10
2
=
1
100 + ( 10)
2
2520
FTR
100 + (TR)
1
10
2
=
1
100 + ( 10)
2
2520
1260 10
12600
2520
=
=
= Rs.120
100 + 5
105
21
23.WhatisthepresentworthofabillofRs.1764due2yearshenceat5%compoundinterestis
A.Rs.1600
B.Rs.1200
C.Rs.1800
D.Rs.1400
5
)
PW(1 +
100
1
)
PW(1 +
20
PW(
21
)
20
PW
= 1764
= 1764
= 1764
441
= 1764
400
PW =
1764 400
= 4 400 = Rs.1600
441
24.IfthediscountonRs.498at5%simpleinterestisRs.18,whenisthesumdue?
A.8months
B.11months
C.10months
D.9months
PW=FTD=49818=Rs.480
R=5%
TD=
PW TR
100
18 =
480 T 5
100
18 = 24 T
T =
18
3
12 3
= years =
months=9months
24
4
4
25.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthebanker'sdiscountandthetruediscountonRs.8100for3months
at5%
A.Rs.2
B.Rs.1.25
C.Rs.2.25
D.Rs.0.5
T=3months=
BD=
TD=
FTR
=
100
1
years
4
1
5
2025
405
4
=
=
=Rs.101.25
100
20
4
8100
FTR
100 + (TR)
8100
100 + (
1
5
4
1
5)
4
2025 5
5
100 + ( )
4
2025 5 4
2025 5 4
405 5 4
45 5 4
=
=
=
400 + 5
405
81
9
= 5 5 4=Rs.100
BDTD=Rs.101.25Rs.100=Rs.1.25
26.TheB.G.onacertainsum4yearshenceat5%isRs.200.Whatisthepresentworth?
A.Rs.4500
B.Rs.6000
C.Rs.5000
D.Rs.4000
BG 100
200 100
=
= Rs.1000
TR
45
TD= PW BG
TD=
1000 = PW 200
1000000 = PW 200
PW =
1000000
=Rs.5000
200
27.TheB.D.andT.D.onacertainsumisRs.200andRs.100respectively.Findoutthesum.
A.Rs.400
B.Rs.300
C.Rs.100
D.Rs.200
F=
BD TD
200 100
200 100
=
=
= Rs.200
200 100
100
(BDTD)
28.Thebanker'sdiscountonabilldue6monthshenceat6%isRs.18.54.Whatisthetruediscount?
A.Rs.24
B.Rs.12
C.Rs.36
D.Rs.18
T=6months=
R=6%
1
year
2
TD=
BD 100
=
100 + TR
18.54 100
1
100 + ( 6)
2
18.54 100
103
1854
= Rs.18
103
1
%
3
2
C. 3
%
3
1
years is Rs. 120. The true discount on the same
2
1
%
3
2
D. 4
%
3
A. 3
B. 4
BDfor1
1
years=Rs. 120
2
BDfor2years=120
2
2 = Rs.160
3
TDfor2years=Rs.150
F=
BD TD
160 150
160 150
=
=
= Rs.2400
160 150
10
(BDTD)
=>Rs.160isthesimpleinterestonRs.2400for2years
160 =
R=
=
2400 2 R
100
160 100
160
=
2400 2
48
20
10
1
=
=3 %
6
3
3
30. The present worth of a certain bill due sometime hence is Rs. 400 and the true discount is Rs. 20.
Whatisthebanker'sdiscount?
A.Rs.19
B.Rs.22
C.Rs.20
D.Rs.21
(TD) 2
20 2
BG=
=
= Rs.1
PW
400
BG=BDTD
=>1=BD20
=>BD=1+20=Rs.21
ImportantFormulasBoatsandStreams
1. Dow nstream
Inwater,thedirectionalongthestreamiscalleddownstream.
2. U pstream
Inwater,thedirectionagainstthestreamiscalledupstream.
Letthespeedofaboatinstillwaterbeukm/hrandthespeedofthestreambevkm/hr,then
3.
Speeddownstream=(u+v)km/hr
Speedupstream=(u-v)km/hr.
Letthespeeddownstreambeakm/hrandthespeedupstreambebkm/hr,then
4.
Letthespeedofamaninstillwaterbexkm/hrandthespeedofastreambeykm/hr.Ifhetakes
thoursmoreinupstreamthantogodownstreamforthesamedistance,thedistance
6.
A man rows a certain distance downstream in t1hours and returns the same distance upstream in
t2hours.Ifthespeedofthestreamisykm/hr,thenthespeedofthemaninstillwater
7.
A man can row a boat in still water at x km/hr. In a stream flowing at y km/hr, if it takes him t
hourstorowaplaceandcomeback,thenthedistancebetweenthetwoplaces
8.
Amantakesntimesaslongtorowupstreamastorowdownstreamtheriver.Ifthespeedofthe
manisxkm/hrandthespeedofthestreamisykm/hr,then
9.
1. A man's speed with the current is 15 km/hr and the speed of the current is 2.5 km/hr. The man's
speedagainstthecurrentis:
A.8.5km/hr
B.10km/hr.
C.12.5km/hr
D.9km/hr
2. A motorboat, whose speed in 15 km/hr in still water goes 30 km downstream and comes back in a
totalof4hours30minutes.Thespeedofthestream(inkm/hr)is:
A.10
B.6
C.5
D.4
3.Inonehour,aboatgoes14km/hralongthestreamand8km/hragainstthestream.Thespeedofthe
boatinstillwater(inkm/hr)is:
A.12km/hr
B.11km/hr
C.10km/hr
D.8km/hr
[Readmore...]
4.Amanrowstoaplace48kmdistantandcomebackin14hours.Hefindsthathecanrow4kmwith
thestreaminthesametimeas3kmagainstthestream.Therateofthestreamis:
A.1km/hr.
B.2km/hr.
C.1.5km/hr.
D.2.5km/hr.
Giventhathecanrow4kmwiththestreaminthesametime
as3kmagainstthestream
Herowstoaplace48kmdistantandcomebackin14hours
Now we can use the below formula to find the rate of the
stream
[Readmore...]
5.Aboatmangoes2kmagainstthecurrentofthestreamin2hourandgoes1kmalongthecurrentin
20minutes.Howlongwillittaketogo5kminstationarywater?
A.2hr30min
B.2hr
C.4hr
D.1hr15min
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
6.Speedofaboatinstandingwateris14kmphandthespeedofthestreamis1.2kmph.Amanrowsto
aplaceatadistanceof4864kmandcomesbacktothestartingpoint.Thetotaltimetakenbyhimis:
A.700hours
B.350hours
C.1400hours
D.1010hours
7. The speed of a boat in still water in 22 km/hr and the rate of current is 4 km/hr. The distance
travelleddownstreamin24minutesis:
A.9.4km
B.10.2km
C.10.4km
D.9.2km
Speeddownstream=(22+4)=26kmph
8.Aboatcoversacertaindistancedownstreamin1hour,whileitcomesbackin112hours.Ifthespeed
ofthestreambe3kmph,whatisthespeedoftheboatinstillwater?
A.14kmph
B.15kmph
C.13kmph
D.12kmph
=>2(x+3)=3(x-3)
=>2x+6=3x-9
=>x=6+9=15kmph
9.Aboatrunningupstreamtakes8hours48minutestocoveracertaindistance,whileittakes4hours
to cover the same distance running downstream. What is the ratio between the speed of the boat and
speedofthewatercurrentrespectively?
A.5:6
B.6:5
C.8:3
D.3:8
Nowconsidertheformulagivenbelow
[Readmore...]
10.Aboatcantravelwithaspeedof22km/hrinstillwater.Ifthespeedofthestreamis5km/hr,find
thetimetakenbytheboattogo54kmdownstream
A.5hours
B.4hours
C.3hours
D.2hours
11. A boat running downstream covers a distance of 22 km in 4 hours while for covering the same
distanceupstream,ittakes5hours.Whatisthespeedoftheboatinstillwater?
A.5kmph
B.4.95kmph
C.4.75kmph
D.4.65
12. A man takes twice as long to row a distance against the stream as to row the same distance in
favourofthestream.Theratioofthespeedoftheboat(instillwater)andthestreamis:
A.3:1
B.1:3
C.1:2
D.2:1
13.Amancanrowat5kmphinstillwater.Ifthevelocityofcurrentis1kmphandittakeshim1hour
torowtoaplaceandcomeback,howfaristheplace?
A.3.2km
B.3km
C.2.4km
D.3.6km
=>2x+3x=12
=>5x=12
=>x=2.4km
14. A man can row three-quarters of a kilometre against the stream in 1114 minutes and down the
streamin712minutes.Thespeed(inkm/hr)ofthemaninstillwateris:
A.4kmph
B.5kmph
C.6kmph
D.8kmph
15. A boat takes 90 minutes less to travel 36 miles downstream than to travel the same distance
upstream.Ifthespeedoftheboatinstillwateris10mph,thespeedofthestreamis:
A.4mph
B.2.5mph
C.3mph
D.2mph
Sincexcannotbenegative,x=2mph
16. Tap 'A' can fill the tank completely in 6 hrs while tap 'B' can empty it by 12 hrs. By mistake, the
person forgot to close the tap 'B', As a result, both the taps, remained open. After 4 hrs, the person
realizedthemistakeandimmediatelyclosedthetap'B'.Inhowmuchtimenowonwards,wouldthetank
befull?
A.2hours
B.4hours
C.5hours
D.1hour
17.ACisternisfilledbypipeAin8hrsandthefullCisterncanbeleakedoutbyanexhaustpipeBin12
hrs.IfboththepipesareopenedinwhattimetheCisternisfull?
A.12hrs
B.24hrs
C.16hrs
D.32hrs
18. In a river flowing at 2 km/hr, a boat travels 32 km upstream and then returns downstream to the
startingpoint.Ifitsspeedinstillwaterbe6km/hr,findthetotaljourneytime.
A.10hours
B.12hours
C.14hours
D.16hours
-----------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------
[Readmore...]
x=6km/hr
y=2km/hr
distance=32km
Aspertheformula,wehave
19. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 10 hrs and 40 hrs respectively. If both the pipes are opened
simultaneously,howmuchtimewillbetakentofillthetank?
A.8hours
B.6hours
C.4hours
D.2hours
hr
i.e.,PipeAandBtogethercanfillthetankin8hours
20.Aboatcoversacertaindistancedownstreamin4hoursbuttakes6hourstoreturnupstreamtothe
startingpoint.Ifthespeedofthestreambe3km/hr,findthespeedoftheboatinstillwater
A.15km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.13km/hr
D.14km/hr
=>(x+3)2=(x-3)3
=>2x+6=3x-9
=>x=6+9=15kmph
-----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Readmore...]
t1=4hour
t2=6hour
y=3km/hr
Byusingthetheabovformula,Speedoftheboatinstillwater
21.Ifamanrowsattherateof5kmphinstillwaterandhisrateagainstthecurrentis3kmph,thenthe
man'sratealongthecurrentis:
A.5kmph
B.7kmph
C.12kmph
D.8kmph
=>x+3=10
=>x=7kmph
22. A man can row 8 km/hr in still water. If the river is running at 3 km/hr, it takes 3 hours more in
upstreamthantogodownstreamforthesamedistance.Howfaristheplace?
A.32.5km
B.25km
C.27.5km
D.22.5km
=>x+y=16---(Equation1)
=>x-y=6---(Equation2)
(Equation1+Equation2)=>2x=22
=>x=11km/hr
(Equation1-Equation2)=>2y=10
=>y=5km/hr
Time taken to travel upstream = Time taken to travel
downstream+3
Letdistancebexkm
Then
=>11x=5x+165
=>6x=165
=>2x=55
=>x=27.5
-------------------------------------------------------Solution2
---------------------------------------------------------
[Readmore...]
x=8km/hr
y=3km/hr
t=3hours
Aspertheformula,wehave
23. A man can row 4 kmph is still water. If the river is running at 2 kmph it takes 90 min to row to a
placeandback.Howfaristheplace?
A.2km
B.4km
C.5km
D.2.25km
=>L+3L=9
=>4L=9
=>L= 94=2.25km
24.Athisusualrowingrate,Rahulcantravel12milesdownstreaminacertainriverin6hourslessthan
it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his
24-mile round trip, the downstream 12 miles would then take only one hour less than the upstream 12
miles.Whatisthespeedofthecurrentinmilesperhour?
A.
mph
B.
mph
C.
mph
D.
mph
Nowhedoubleshisspeed.i.e.,hisnewspeed=2x
Now,Speedupstream=(2x-y)mph
Speeddownstream=(2x+y)mph
25.Amancanrow40kmphinstillwaterandtheriverisrunningat10kmph.Ifthemantakes1hrto
rowtoaplaceandback,howfaristheplace?
A.16.5kmph
B.12.15kmph
C.2.25kmph
D.18.75kmph
Totaltimetaken=1hr
26. A boatman can row 96 km downstream in 8 hr. If the speed of the current is 4 km/hr, then find in
whattimewillbeabletocover8kmupstream?
A.6hr
B.2hr
C.4hr
D.1hr
27. The speed of a boat in still water is 10 km/hr. If it can travel 78 km downstream and 42 km
upstreaminthesametime,thespeedofthestreamis
A.3km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.1.5km/hr
D.4.4km/hr
28. A man can row at a speed of 12 km/hr in still water to a certain upstream point and back to the
startingpointinariverwhichflowsat3km/hr.Findhisaveragespeedfortotaljourney.
A.
km/hr
B.
km/hr
C.
km/hr
D.
km/hr
Assumethatamancanrowatthespeedofxkm/hrinstillwaterand
he rows the same distance up and down in a stream which flows at a
rateofykm/hr.Thenhisaveragespeedthroughoutthejourney
[Readmore...]
Speedofthemaninstillwater=12km/hr
Speedofthestream=3km/hr
Speeddownstream=(12+3)=15km/hr
Speedupstream=(12-3)=9km/hr
29.Aboatmancanrow3kmagainstthestreamin20minutesandreturnin18minutes.Findtherateof
current
A. 12km/hr
B.1km/hr
C. 13km/hr
D. 23km/hr
30.Aboattakes38hoursfortravellingdownstreamfrompointAtopointBandcomingbacktopointC
midwaybetweenAandB.Ifthevelocityofthestreamis4kmphandthespeedoftheboatinstillwater
is14kmph,whatisthedistancebetweenAandB?
A.240km
B.120km
C.360km
D.180km
Page1
Page2
31. If a man's rate with the current is 15 km/hr and the rate of the current is 112 km/hr, then his rate
againstthecurrentis
A.12km/hr
B.10km/hr
C.10.5km/hr
D.12.5km/hr
32.Thespeedoftheboatinstillwaterin12kmph.Itcantraveldownstreamthrough45kmsin3hrs.In
whattimewoulditcoverthesamedistanceupstream?
A.8hours
B.6hours
C.4hours
D.5hours
33.Aboatgoes8kmupstreamin24minutes.Thespeedofstreamis4km/hr.Thespeedofboatinstill
wateris:
A.25km/hr
B.26km/hr
C.22km/hr
D.24km/hr
Speedupstream=
8
24
( )
60
=20km/hr
Speedofthestream=4km/hr
speedofboatinstillwater=(20+4)=24km/hr
34. The Speed of a boat in still water is 25 kmph. If it can travel 10 km upstream in 1 hr, What time it
wouldtaketotravelthesamedistancedownstream?
A.22minutes
B.30minutes
C.40minutes
D.15minutes
Timetakentotravel10kmdownstream=
10
10 60
hours =
= 15minutes
40
40
35.Aboatcantravelwithaspeedof12km/hrinstillwater.Ifthespeedofthestreamis4km/hr,find
thetimetakenbytheboattogo68kmdownstream.
A.4hr
B.4.25hr
C.4.5hr
D.6hr
speedofboatinstillwater=12km/hr
speedofthestream=4km/hr
Speeddownstream=(12+4)=16km/hr
Timetakentotravel68kmdownstream= 6816= 174 = 4.25
hours
36. A man can row 7.5 kmph in still water and he finds that it takes him twice as long to row up as to
rowdowntheriver.Findtherateofstream.
A.10km/hr
B.2.5km/hr
C.5km/hr
D.7.5km/hr
wehave,
1
(x + 2x)=speedinstillwater
2
1
(3x) = 7.5
2
3x=15
x=5
i.e.,speedupstream=5km/hr
Rateofstream=
1
x
5
(2x x) =
=
= 2.5km/hr
2
2
2
37. A boat moves downstream at the rate of one km in 5 minutes and upstream at the rate of 4 km an
hour.Whatisthevelocityofthecurrent?
A.4km/hr
B.2km/hr
C.3km/hr
D.1km/hr
Speeddownstream=
1
5
( )
60
= 12km/hr
4
=4km/hr
1
1
velocityofthecurrent= (12 4) = 4km/hr
2
Speedupstream=
38. The speed of a boat in still water is 15 km/hr and the rate of current is 3 km/hr. The distance
travelleddownstreamin24minutesis
A.3.6km
B.2.4km
C.3.2km
D.7.2km
Distancetravelleddownstreamin24minutes =
24
2 18
18 =
=7.2km
60
5
39.Thecurrentofastreamrunsattherateof2kmperhr.Amotorboatgoes10kmupstreamandback
againtothestartingpointin55min.Findthespeedofthemotorboatinstillwater?
A.22km/hr
B.12km/hr
C.20km/hr
D.16km/hr
Letthespeedoftheboatinstillwater=xkm/hr
Speedofthecurrent=2km/hr
Then,speeddownstream=(x+2)km/hr
speedupstream=(x-2)km/hr
Total time taken to travel 10 km upstream and back = 55
minutes= 5560hour= 1112hour
10
10
11
+
=
x2
x+2
12
2
11
Sincexcannotbenegative,x=22
i.e.,speedoftheboatinstillwater=22km/hr
40. The speed of a boat in still water is 8 kmph. If it can travel 1 km upstream in 1 hr, What time it
wouldtaketotravelthesamedistancedownstream?
A.1minute
B.2minutes
C.3minutes
D.4minutes
Speedofthestream=8-1=7km/hr
Speeddownstream=(8+7)=15km/hr
Timetakentotravel1kmdownstream=
1
1 60
hr=
=4minutes
15
15
1.WhatdayoftheweekdoesMay282006fallon
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Sunday
D.Thursday
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 2000 years = 0 (Since 2000
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2001-2005
=4normalyears+1leapyear
=4x1+1x2=6
Daysfrom1-Jan-2006to28-May-2006=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+
31(Mar)+30(Apr)+28(may)
=148
148days=21weeks+1day=1oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+6+1)=7odddays=0odd
day
0oddday=Sunday
HenceMay282006isSunday.
2.Whatwillbethedayoftheweek15thAugust,2010?
A.Thursday
B.Sunday
C.Monday
D.Saturday
Answer:OptionB
Explanation:
15thAug2010=(2009years+periodfrom1-Jan-2010to15Aug-2010)
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 2000 years = 0 (Since 2000
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2001-2009
=7normalyears+2leapyear
=7x1+2x2=11=(11-7x1)oddday=4oddday
Daysfrom1-Jan-2010to15-Aug-2010
= 31 (Jan) + 28 (Feb) + 31 (Mar) + 30 (Apr) + 31(may) +
30(Jun)+31(Jul)+15(Aug)
=227
227days=32weeks+3day=3oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+4+3)=7odddays=0odd
day
0oddday=Sunday
Hence15thAugust,2010isSunday.
3.TodayisMonday.After61days,itwillbe
A.Thursday
B.Sunday
C.Monday
D.Saturday
4.OnwhatdatesofApril,2001didWednesdayfall?
A.2nd,9th,16th,23rd
B.4th,11th,18th,25th
C.3rd,10th,17th,24th
D.1st,8th,15th,22nd,29th
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 2000 years = 0 (Since 2000
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Daysfrom1-Jan-2001to01-Apr-2001=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+
31(Mar)+1(Apr)=91
91days=13weeks=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+0)=0odddays
0oddday=Sunday.Hence01-Apr-2001isSunday.
5.Howmanydaysarethereinxweeksxdays
A.14x
B.8x
C.7x2
D.7
xweeksxdays= (7 x) + x = 7x + x = 8xdays
6.Thecalendarfortheyear2007willbethesamefortheyear
A.2017
B.2018
C.2014
D.2016
Y ear
: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Odd
: 1
Days
Taketheyear2014giveninthechoice.
Total odd days in the period 2007-2013 = 5 normal years + 2
leapyear
=5x1+2x2=9odddays
= 2 odd day (As we can reduce multiples of 7 from odd days
whichwillnotchange
anything)
Taketheyear2016giveninthechoice.
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2007-2015=7normalyears
+2leapyear
=7x1+2x2=11odddays
=4odddays
(Even if the odd days were 0, calendar of 2007 will not be
sameasthecalendarof2016because2007isnotaleapyear
whereas 2016 is a leap year. In fact, you can straight away
ignore this choice due to this fact without even bothering to
checktheodddays)
Taketheyear2017giveninthechoice.
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2007-2016=7normalyears
+3leapyear
=7x1+3x2=13odddays
=6odddays
Taketheyear2018giveninthechoice.
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2007-2017=8normalyears
+3leapyear
=8x1+3x2=14odddays
= 0 odd day (As we can reduce multiples of 7 from odd days
whichwillnotchange
anything)
Also,both2007and2018arenotleapyears.
Since total odd days in the period 2007-2017 = 0 and both
2007 and 2018 are of same type, 2018 will have the same
calendarasthatof2007
7.Whichofthefollowingisnotaleapyear?
A.1200
B.800
C.700
D.2000
century.
2. Every 4th century is a leap year, but no other century is a
leapyear.
800,1200and2000comesinthecategoryof4thcentury(such
as400,800,1200,1600,2000etc).
Hence800,1200and2000areleapyears
8.01-Jan-2007wasMonday.Whatdayoftheweeklieson01-Jan-2008?
A.Wednesday
B.Sunday
C.Friday
D.Tuesday
Odddaysin2007=1(wehavetakenthecompleteyear2007
becauseweneedtofindout
the odd days from 01-Jan-2007 to 31-Dec-2007, that is the
wholeyear2007)
HenceJanuary1,2008=(Monday+1Oddday)=Tuesday
9.8thDec2007wasSaturday,whatdayoftheweekwasiton8thDec,2006?
A.Sunday
B.Tuesday
C.Friday
D.Tuesday
Number of days from 8th Dec, 2006 to 7th Dec 2007 = 365
days
365days=1oddday
Hence8thDec2006was=(Saturday-1oddday)=Friday
10.On8thFeb,2005itwasTuesday.Whatwasthedayoftheweekon8thFeb,2004?
A.Sunday
B.Friday
C.Saturday
D.Monday
Numberofdaysfrom8thFeb,2004to7thFeb,2005=366
(SinceFeb2004has29daysasitisaleapyear)
366days=2odddays
Hence8thFeb,2004=(Tuesday-2odddays)=Sunday
11.Thelastdayofacenturycannotbe
A.Monday
B.Wednesday
C.Tuesday
D.Friday
Numberofodddaysin200years=5x2=10=3(Aswecan
reducemultiplesof7
fromodddayswhichwillnotchangeanything)
Hencelastdayofthe2ndcenturyisWednesday
Numberofodddaysin300years=5x3=15=1(Aswecan
reducemultiplesof7
fromodddayswhichwillnotchangeanything)
Hencelastdayofthe3rdcenturyisMonday
Weknowthatumberofodddaysin400years=0.(?5x4+
1=21=0)
Hencelastdayofthe4thcenturyisSunday
Nowthiscyclewillberepeated.
HencelastdayofacenturywillnotbeTuesdayorThursdayor
Saturday.
12.January1,2008isTuesday.WhatdayoftheweekliesonJan1,2009?
A.Saturday
B.Wednesday
C.Thursday
D.Saturday
01-Jan-2008to31-Dec-2008,thatisthewholeyear2008)
GiventhatJanuary1,2008isTuesday
HenceJanuary1,2009=(Tuesday+2odddays)=Thursday
13.IfJan1,2006wasaSunday,WhatwasthedayoftheweekJan1,2010?
A.Friday
B.Thursday
C.Tuesday
D.Saturday
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2006-2009
=3normalyears+1leapyear
=3x1+1x2=5
(note that we have taken the complete year 2006 because the
periodin2006
is from 01-Jan-2006 to 31-Dec-2006, which is the whole year
2006.Thenthe
completeyears2007,2008and2009arealsoinvolved)
HenceJan12010=(Sunday+5odddays)=Friday
14.Whatwasthedayoftheweekon17thJune1998?
A.Monday
B.Sunday
C.Wednesday
D.Friday
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 1600 years = 0 (Since 1600
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod1601-1900
=Numberofodddaysin300years
=5x3=15=1
(As we can reduce perfect multiples of 7 from odd days
withoutaffectinganything)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod1901-1997
=73normalyears+24leapyear
=73x1+24x2=73+48=121=(121-7x17)=2odd
days
Numberofdaysfrom1-Jan-1998to17-Jun-1998
= 31 (Jan) + 28 (Feb) + 31 (Mar) + 30 (Apr) + 31(may) +
17(Jun)
=168
168days=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+1+2+0)=3
3odddays=Wednesday
Hence17thJune1998isWednesday.
15.6thMarch,2005isMonday,whatwasthedayoftheweekon6thMarch,2004?
A.Friday
B.Saturday
C.Wednesday
D.Sunday
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Numberofdaysfrom6thMarch,2004to5thMarch2005=365
days
(Though Feb 2004 has 29 days as it is a leap year, it will not
comeintherequiredperiod)
365days=1oddday
Giventhat6thMarch,2005isMonday
Hence6thMarch,2004=(Monday-1oddday)=Sunday
16.Whatdayoftheweekwas1January1901
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Saturday
D.Friday
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 1600 years = 0 (Since 1600
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod1601-1900
=Numberofodddaysin300years
=5x3=15=1
(As we can reduce perfect multiples of 7 from odd days
withoutaffectinganything)
1-Jan-1901=1oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+1+1)=2
2odddays=Tuesday
Hence1January1901isTuesday.
17.Whatdayoftheweekwill22Apr2222be?
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Sunday
D.Thursday
Weknowthatnumberofodddaysin400years=0
Hence the number of odd days in 2000 years = 0 (Since 2000
isaperfectmultipleof400)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2001-2200
=Numberofodddaysin200years
=5x2=10=3
(As we can reduce perfect multiples of 7 from odd days
withoutaffectinganything)
Numberofodddaysintheperiod2201-2221
=16normalyears+5leapyears
=16x1+5x2=16+10=26=5odddays
Numberofdaysfrom1-Jan-2222to22Apr2222
=31(Jan)+28(Feb)+31(Mar)+22(Apr)=112
112days=0oddday
Totalnumberofodddays=(0+3+5+0)=8=1oddday
1odddays=Monday
Hence22Apr2222isMonday.
18.TodayisThursday.Thedayafter59dayswillbe?
A.Monday
B.Tuesday
C.Saturday
D.Sunday
19.Whatistheyearnextto1990whichwillhavethesamecalendarasthatoftheyear1990?
A.1992
B.2001
C.1995
D.1996
4x1+1x2=6odddays
Taketheyear1996from thegivenchoices.
Number of odd days in the period 1990-1995= 5 normal years
+1leapyear
5x1+1x2=7odddays0odddays
(Aswecanreducemultiplesof7fromodddayswhichwillnot
changeanything)
Thoughnumberofodddaysintheperiod1990-1995is0,there
isacatchhere.
1990isnotaleapyearwhereas1996isaleapyear.
Hencecalendarfor1990and1996willneverbethesame.
Taketheyear2001from thegivenchoices.
Number of odd days in the period 1990-2000= 8 normal years
+3leapyears
8x1+3x2=14odddays0odddays
Also,both1990and2001arenormalyears.
Hence1990willhavethesamecalendarasthatof2001
20.January1,2004wasaThursday,whatdayoftheweekliesonJanuary12005.
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Saturday
D.Tuesday
Odddaysin2004=2(because2004isaleapyear)
(Alsonotethatwehavetakenthecompleteyear2004because
weneedtofindout
the odd days from 01-Jan-2004 to 31-Dec-2004, that is the
wholeyear2004)
HenceJanuary1,2005=(Thursday+2Odddays)=Saturday
21.Ifthefirstdayofayear(otherthanleapyear)wasFriday,thenwhichwasthelastdayofthatyear?
A.Saturday
B.Friday
C.Tuesday
D.Monday
22.If1stOctoberisSunday,then1stNovemberwillbe
A.Saturday
B.Thursday
C.Wednesday
D.Tuesday
NumberofdaysinOctober=31
31days=3odddays
(Aswecanreducemultiplesof7fromodddayswhichwillnot
changeanything)
Hence1stNovember=(Sunday+3odddays)=Wednesday
23.Arunwentforamovieninedaysago.HegoestowatchmoviesonlyonThursdays.Whatdayofthe
weekistoday?
A.Wednesday
B.Saturday
C.Friday
D.Sunday
Hencetoday=(Thursday+2odddays)=Saturday
24.1.12.91isthefirstSunday.WhichisthefourthTuesdayofDecember91?
A.20.12.91
B.22.12.91
C.24.12.91
D.25.12.91
Ifweadd7daysto3.12.91,wewillgetsecondTuesday
Ifweadd14daysto3.12.91,wewillgetthirdTuesday
Ifweadd21daysto3.12.91,wewillgetfourthTuesday
=>fourthTuesday=(3.12.91+21days)=24.12.91
25.IfthedaybeforeyesterdaywasThursday,whenwillSundaybe?
A.Dayaftertomorrow
B.Tomorow
C.Twodaysaftertoday
D.Today
Explanation:
DaybeforeyesterdaywasThursday
=>YesterdaywasaFriday
=>TodayisaSaturday
=>TomorrowisaSunday
26.TheseconddayofamonthisFriday,Whatwillbethelastdayofthenextmonthwhichhas31days?
A.Friday
B.Saturday
C.Wednesday
D.Datainadequate
27.Howmanydayswilltherebefrom26thJanuary,1996to15thMay,1996(bothdaysincluded)?
A.102
B.103
C.111
D.120
28.If25thofAugustinayearisThursday,thenumberofMondaysinthatmonthis
A.4
B.5
C.2
D.3
Explanation:
Giventhat25thAugust=Thursday
Hence29thAugust=Monday
So22nd,15thand8thand1stofAugustwillbeMondays
NumberofMondaysinAugust=5
29.IftheseventhdayofamonthisthreedaysearlierthanFriday,Whatdaywillitbeonthenineteenth
dayofthemonth?
A.Saturday
B.Monday
C.Sunday
D.Wednesday
30. Every second Saturday and all Sundays are holidays. How many working days will be there in a
monthof30daysbeginningonaSaturday?
A.24
B.23
C.18
D.21
Sundays=2nd,9th,16th,23rd,30th
=>TotalSundays=5
SecondSaturdays=8thand22nd
TotalSecondSaturdays=2
I mportantFormulas-Calendar
1.
OddDays
Numberofdaysmorethanthecompleteweeksarecalledodddaysinagivenperiod
2.
LeapY ear
Aleapyearhas366days.
Inaleapyear,themonthofFebruaryhas29days
a.
Everyyeardivisibleby4isaleapyear,ifitisnotacentury.
Examples:
1952,2008,1680etc.areleapyears.
1991,2003etc.arenotleapyears
b.
Every4thcenturyisaleapyearandnoothercenturyisaleapyear.
Examples:
400,800,1200etc.areleapyears.
100,200,1900etc.arenotleapyears
3.
OrdinaryY ear
Theyearwhichisnotaleapyearisanordinaryyear.
Anordinaryyearhas365days
4.
CountingodddaysandCalculatingthedayofanyparticulardate
I.
1ordinaryyear365days(52weeks+1day)
Hencenumberofodddaysin1ordinaryyear=1.
II.
1leapyear366days(52weeks+2days)
Hencenumberofodddaysin1leapyear=2.
III.
100years(76ordinaryyears+24leapyears)
(76x1+24x2)odddays
124odddays.
(17weeks+5days)
5odddays.
Hencenumberofodddaysin100years=5.
IV.
Numberofodddaysin200years=(5x2)=103odddays
V.
Numberofodddaysin300years=(5x3)=151odddays
VI.
Numberofodddaysin400years=(5x4+1)=210odddays
Similarly,thenumberofodddaysinall4thcenturies(400,800,1200etc.)=0
VII.
Mappingofthenumberofodddaytothedayoftheweek
Number
ofOdd : 0
Days
Dayof
the
w eek
5.
LastdayofacenturycannotbeTuesdayorThursdayorSaturday.
6.
Forthecalendarsoftwodifferentyearstobethesame,thefollowingconditionsmustbesatisfied.
i.
ii.
Both years must be of the same type. i.e., both years must be ordinary years or both
yearsmustbeleapyears.
1stJanuaryofboththeyearsmustbethesamedayoftheweek.
1.Ifthecostofxmetresofwireisdrupees,thenwhatisthecostofymetresofwireatthesamerate?
xd
)
y
yd
)
C. Rs. (
x
A. Rs. (
B. Rs.xd
D. Rs.yd
d
costof1metreofwire=Rs. ( )
x
costofymetreofwire=Rs. (y
d
yd
) = Rs. ( )
x
x
2.Inadairyfarm,40cowseat40bagsofhuskin40days.Inhowmanydaysonecowwilleatonebag
ofhusk?
A.1
B.40
C.20
D.26
Cows
Bags
40 : 1 .
1 : 40
:: x : 40
40 1 40 = 1 40 x
x = 40
3.If7spidersmake7websin7days,thenhowmanydaysareneededfor1spidertomake1web?
A.1
B.7
C.3
D.14
Spiders
7:1
:: x : 7
Webs
1:7
717=17x
x=7
4.4mat-weaverscanweave4matsin4days.Atthesamerate,howmanymatswouldbewovenby8
mat-weaversin8days?
A.4
B.16
C.8
D.1
Mat-weavers
4:8
:: 4 : x
Days
4:8
44x=884
x = 2 2 4 = 16
5.Ifaquarterkgofpotatocosts60paise,howmanypaisedoes200gmcost?
A.65paise
B.70paise
C.52paise
D.48paise
Quantity
200 : 250 } :: x : 60
200 60 = 250 x
4 60 = 5 x
4 12 = x
x = 48
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
-------------------------------------------------------------------CostofKgpotato=60Paise
=>Costof250gmpotato=60Paise(1Kg=1000gm=>Kg= 1000/4gm=250gm)
=>Costof200gmpotato=
60 200
60 4
=
= 48paise
250
5
6. In a camp, there is a meal for 120 men or 200 children. If 150 children have taken the meal, how
manymenwillbecateredtowithremainingmeal?
A.50
B.30
C.40
D.10
120
men
200
120 150
Mealfor150children=Mealfor
men = Mealfor90men
200
Mealfor1child=Mealfor
Totalmeanavailable=Mealfor120men
Renamingmeal=Mealfor120men-Mealfor90men=Mealfor30men
7. 36 men can complete a piece of work in 18 days. In how many days will 27 men complete the same
work?
A.26
B.22
C.12
D.24
Men
36 : 27 } :: x : 18
36 18 = 27 x
12 18 = 9 x
12 2 = x
x = 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Amountofwork36mencandoin1day=1/18
Amountofwork1mancandoin1day=
1
18 36
Amountofwork27mencandoin1day=
27
3
1
=
=
18 36
18 4
24
27mencancompletetheworkin24days
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Inthiscase,
M1=36,M2=27
D1=18,D2=x
W1=W2
H1=H2(Wecanassumelikethisasthesevalesarenotexplicitlygiven)
Hence,M 1 D 1 = M 2 D 2
36 18 = 27x
x=
36 18
4 18
=
= 4 6 = 24
27
3
8.Awheelthathas6cogsismeshedwithalargerwheelof14cogs.Ifthesmallerwheelhasmade21
revolutions,whatwillbethenumberofrevolutionsmadebythelargerwheel?
A.15
B.12
C.21
D.9
Cogs
6 : 14 } :: x : 21
6 21 = 14 x
63=2x
33=x
x=9
9.3pumps,working8hoursaday,canemptyatankin2days.Howmanyhoursadayshould4pumps
workinordertoemptythetankin1day?
A.10
B.12
C.8
D.15
MoreDays,lesshours(Indirectproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Pumps
3:4
:: x : 8
Days
2:1
328=41x
322=x
x = 12
10.39personscanrepairaroadin12days,working5hoursaday.Inhowmanydayswill30persons,
working6hoursaday,completethework?
A.9
B.12
C.10
D.13
Persons
Hours
39 : 30
} :: x : 12
5:6
39 5 12 = 30 6 x
39 5 2 = 30 x
39 = 3 x
x = 13
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Amountofwork39personscandoin1day,working5hoursaday=1/12
Amountofwork1personcandoin1day,working5hoursaday=
1
12 39
Amountofwork1personcandoin1day,working1hoursaday=
1
12 39 5
Amountofwork30personcandoin1day,working1hoursaday=
30
12 39 5
Amountofwork30personcandoin1day,working6hoursaday=
30 6
12 39 5
30
3
1
=
=
2 39 5
39
13
30personscancompletethework,working6hoursadayin13days
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Inthiscase,
M1=39,M2=30
D1=12,D2=x
W1=W2
H1=5,H2=6
Hence,M 1 D 1 H 1 = M 2 D 2 H 2
39 12 5 = 30 x 6
39 2 5 = 30 x
39 = 3 x
x=
39
= 13
3
11. A certain industrial loom weaves 0.128 meters of cloth every second. Approximately how many
secondswillittakefortheloomtoweave25metersofcloth?
A.205
B.200
C.180
D.195
Cloth
0.128 : 25 } :: 1 : x
0.128x = 25
25
25000
3125
x=
=
=
195
.128
128
16
12.Acontractistobecompletedin56daysif104personswork,eachworkingat8hoursaday.After30
days, 2/5 of the work is completed. How many additional persons should be deployed so that the work
willbecompletedinthescheduledtime,eachpersonsnowworking9hoursaday.
A.160
B.150
C.24
D.56
Explanation:
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1(ChainRule)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Personsworked=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday=8
Numberofdaystheyworked=30
Workcompleted= 2/5
Remainingdays=56-30=26
RemainingWorktobecompleted=1- 2/5= 3/5
Let the total number of persons who do the remaining work =
x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday=9
Moredays,lesspersons(indirectproportion)
Morehours,lesspersons(indirectproportion)
Morework,morepersons(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Days
30 : 26
Hours
8:9
Work
3 2
:
5 5
:: x : 104
3
2
104 = 26 9 x
5
5
3
30 8 104
30 8 3 104
5
x=
=
2
26 9 2
26 9
5
30 8
30 8 104
26 3 2
30 8 4
= 5 8 4 = 160
32
Numberofadditionalpersonsrequired=160-104=56
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Personsworked=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday=8
Numberofdaystheyworked=30
Workcompleted= 2/5
Remainingdays=56-30=26
RemainingWorktobecompleted=1- 2/5= 3/5
Letthetotalnumberofpersonswhodotheremainingwork=x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday=9
2
( )
5
Amountofwork1persondidin1day,working1hoursaday=
104 30 8
3
( )
5
Now,theamountofworkxpersonshoulddoin1day,working1hoursaday=
26 9
3
( )
5
26 9
x=
2
( )
5
104 30 8
3
104
5
2
26 9
5
30 8
30 8 3 104
26 9 2
30 8 4
= 5 8 4 = 160
32
Numberofadditionalpersonsrequired=160-104=56
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
30 8 104
26 3 2
Personsworked(M1)=104
Numberofhourseachpersonworkedperday(H1)=8
Numberofdaystheyworked(D1)=30
Workcompleted(W1)=2/5
Remainingdays(D2)=56-30=26
RemainingWorktobecompleted(W2)=1-2/5=3/5
Letthetotalnumberofpersonswhodotheremainingwork(M2)=x
Numberofhourseachpersonneedstobeworkperday(H2)=9
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
104 30 8
x 26 9
=
2
3
( )
( )
5
5
104 30 8
x 26 9
=
2
3
52 30 8 = x 26 3
2 30 8 = 3x
x = 2 10 8 = 160
Numberofadditionalpersonsrequired=160-104=56
13.xmenworkingxhoursperdaycandoxunitsofaworkinxdays.Howmuchworkcanbecompleted
byymenworkingyhoursperdayinydays?
x2
y2
x3
C.
y2
A.
y3
B.
x2
y2
D.
x2
units
units
units
units
Men
x:y
Hours
x:y
Days
x:y
:: x : w
x 3w = y 3x
y 3x
y3
w= 3 = 2
x
x
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Amountofworkcompletedby1manin1day,working1hoursaday=
x
1
= 2
3
x
x
1
y3
Amountofworkymeninydays,workingyhoursaday=y 2 = 2
x
x
3
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
M1=x
H1=x
D1=x
W1=x
M2=y
D2=y
H2=y
LetW2=w
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
x3
y3
=
x
w
y3
x =
w
2
w=
y3
x2
14.21goatseatasmuchas15cows.Howmanygoatseachasmuchas35cows?
A.49
B.32
C.36
D.41
15cows21goats
21
1cow
goats
15
21 35
21 7
35cows
goats
goats 7 7goats49goats
15
3
15.Aflagstaff17.5mhighcastsashadowoflength40.25m.Whatwillbetheheightofabuilding,which
castsashadowoflength28.75mundersimilarconditions?
A.12.5m
B.10.5m
C.14
D.12
shadowlength
28.75 17.5
2875 175
2875 7
2875
575
=
=
=
=
= 12.5
40.25
40250
1610
230
46
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
shadowoflength40.25m17.5mhigh
17.5
shadowoflength1m
mhigh
40.25
28.75 17.5
shadowoflength28.75m
mhigh=12.5mhigh
40.25
16. Running at the same constant rate, 6 identical machines can produce a total of 270 bottles per
minute.Atthisrate,howmanybottlescould10suchmachinesproducein4minutes?
A.1800
B.900
C.2500
D.2700
machines
6 : 10
:: 270 : x
minutes
1:4
6 1 x = 10 4 270
x=
10 4 270
10 4 90
=
= 10 4 45 = 1800
6
2
17. A person works on a project and completes 5/8 of the job in 10 days. At this rate, how many more
dayswillheittaketofinishthejob?
A.7
B.6
C.5
D.4
Explanation:
------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1(ChainRule)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Numberofdaysheworked=10
Workcompleted= 5/8
Lettherequirednumberofdays=x
RemainingWorktobecompleted=1- 5/8= 3/8
Morework,moredays(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
Work
5 3
: } :: 10 : x
8 8
5
3
x = 10
8
8
5 x = 3 10
x=32=6
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Numberofdaysheworked=10
Workcompleted= 5/8
Lettherequirednumberofdays=x
RemainingWorktobecompleted=1- 5/8= 3/8
5
( )
8
Amountofwork1persondidin1day=
10
Now,theamountofwork1personshoulddoinxdays=
x=
3
( )
8
5
( )
8
10
3
5
( )
10
3
8
3 10
=6
5
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Here,
M1=M2
H1=H2
D1=10
W1=5/8
LetD2=x
W2=1-5/8=3/8
Hence,theequationcanbewrittenas
D1
D2
=
W1
W2
10
5
( )
8
x
3
( )
8
10
x
=
5
3
2=
x
3
x=23=6
18.Aforthadprovisionoffoodfor150menfor45days.After10days,25menleftthefort.Findoutthe
numberofdaysforwhichtheremainingfoodwilllast.
A.44
B.42
C.40
D.38
Men
150 : 125 } :: x : 35
150 35 = 125x
6 35 = 5x
x = 6 7 = 42
Theremainingfoodissufficientfor125menfor42days
19. If the price of 357 apples is Rs.1517.25, what will be the approximate price of 49 dozens of such
apples?
A.Rs.2500
B.Rs.2300
C.Rs.2200
D.Rs.1400
apples
49 12 1517.25
7 12 1517.25
=
357
51
7 4 1517.25
= 7 4 89.25 2500
17
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
priceof357apples=Rs.1517.25
priceof1apple=Rs.
1517.25
357
priceof49dozensapples=Rs. (
49 12 1517.25
) Rs.2500
357
20.Onascaleofamap0.6cmrepresents6.6km.Ifthedistancebetweentwopointsonthemapis80.5
cm,whatisthetheactualdistancebetweenthesepoints?
A.885.5km
B.860km
C.892.5km
D.825km
scaledistance
.6 : 80.5 } :: 6.6 : x
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
.6cminmapactualdistanceof6.6km
1cminmap
6.6
km
.6
80.5cminmap
80.5 6.6
km=885.5km
.6
21.Aropecanmake70roundsofthecircumferenceofacylinderwhoseradiusofthebaseis14cm.how
manytimescanitgoroundacylinderhavingradius20cm?
A.49rounds
B.42rounds
C.54rounds
D.52rounds
radius
14 : 20 } :: x : 70
14 70 = 20x
14 7 = 2x
x = 7 7 = 49
22. 8 persons can build a wall 140m long in 42 days. In how many days can 30 persons complete a
similarwall100mlong?
A.12
B.10
C.8
D.6
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution1(ChainRule)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Morepersons,lessdays(indirectproportion)
Morelengthofthewall,moredays(directproportion)
Hencewecanwriteas
persons
8 : 30
:: x : 42
Lengthofthewall
100 : 140
8 100 42 = 30 140 x
x=
8 100 42
8 100 14
8 100
=
=
=8
30 140
10 140
10 10
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Workdoneby8personsworking42days=140
Workdoneby1personworking42days=
Workdoneby1personworking1day=
140
8
140
8 42
Workdoneby30personsworking1day=
30 140
100
=
8 42
8
Assumethat30personsworkingxdayscompleteasimilarwall100m
Workdoneby30personsworkingxdays=100
Hencex =
100
100
(
)
8
=8
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
M1=8
D1=42
W1=140
M2=30
LetD2=x
W2=100
HereH1=H2
M1D 1
M2D 2
=
W1
W2
8 42
30 x
=
140
100
8 42
30 x
=
14
10
83=3x
x=8
23.Acertainnumberofpersonscanfinishapieceofworkin100days.Iftherewere10personsless,it
wouldtake10moredaysfinishthework.Howmanypersonswerethereoriginally?
A.90
B.100
C.110
D.120
persons
1100
= 110
10
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Assumethatxpersonscanfinishtheworkin100days
1
Workdoneby1personin1day=
.......(Equation1)
100x
Alsoitisgiventhat(x-10)personscanfinishtheworkin110days(100+10=110)
1
Workdoneby1personin1day=
.......(Equation2)
110(x 10)
But(Equation1)=(Equation2)
1
1
=
100x
110(x 10)
1100
= 110
10
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Assumethatxpersonscanfinishapieceofworkin100days
Alsoitisgiventhat(x-10)personscanfinishapieceofworkin110days(100+10=110)
M1=x
D1=100
M2=(x-10)
D2=110
HereH1=H2andW1=W2
HenceM 1 D 1 = M 2 D 2
100x = 110(x 10)
100x = 110x 1100
10x = 1100
x=
1100
= 110
10
24. 9 examiners can examine a certain number of answer books in 12 days by working 5 hours a day.
Howmanyhoursinadayshould4examinersworktoexaminetwicethenumberofanswerbooksin30
days?
A.9
B.10
C.11
D.12
Hencewecanwriteas
examiners
9:4
days
12 : 30
answerbooks
2:1
:: x : 5
9 12 2 5 = 4 30 1 x
x=
9 12 2 5
4 30 1
9325
30
925
=9
10
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
GiventhatWorkdoneby9examinersin12dayinworking5hoursaday = 1
Workdoneby1examinerin1dayin1hour =
1
......(Equation1)
9 12 5
Workneedstobedoneby4examinersin30daysworkingxhoursaday = 2
(twiceworktobecompleted)
Workneedstobedoneby1examinerin1dayworkingxhoursaday =
2
...(Equation2)
4 30
From(Equation1)and(Equation2),
(
x=
(
2
)
4 30
1
)
9 12 5
2 9 12 5
4 30
9 12 5
965
=
=9
2 30
30
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
M1=9
D1=12
H1=5
W1=1
M2=4
D2=30
H2=x
W2=2
M1D 1H 1
M2D 2H 2
=
W1
W2
9 12 5
4 30 x
=
1
2
9 12 5 = 2 30 x
3 12 5 = 2 10 x
3 6 5 = 10 x
335=5x
x=33=9
25. 9 engines consume 24 metric tonnes of coal, when each is working 8 hours day. How much coal is
requiredfor8engines,eachrunning13hoursaday,if3enginesofformertypeconsumeasmuchas4
enginesoflattertype?
A.20metrictonnes
B.22metrictonnes
C.24metrictonnes
D.26metrictonnes
engines
9:8
rateofconsumption
1 1
:
3 4
hours
8 : 13
:: 24 : x
1
1
8 x = 8 13 24
3
4
3 8 x = 8 6 13
3 x = 6 13
x = 2 13 = 26
26.Agarrisonhadprovisionsforacertainnumberofdays.After10days,1/5ofthemendesertanditis
foundthattheprovisionswillnowlastjustaslongasbefore.Howlongwasthat?
A.50days
B.30days
C.40days
D.60days
Assumethatinitiallygarrisonhadprovisionsforxmenforydays
So,after10days,garrisonhadprovisionsforxmenfor(y-10)days
Also,garrisonhadprovisionsfor
4x
x
4x
)
menforydays ( x
=
5
5
5
Moremen,Lessdays(IndirectProportion)
Men
x:
x(y 10) =
(y 10) =
4x
} :: y : (y 10)
5
4xy
5
4y
5
5(y 10) = 4y
5y 50 = 4y
y = 50
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodeatenby1manin1day=x,
totalmen=y
andthegarrisonhadprovisionsforzdays
Thentotalquantityoffood=xyz
amountoffoodeatenbyymenin10days=10xy
Remainingfood=xyz-10xy=xy(z-10)-------(Equation1)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor 4y/5mentocompletexy(z-10)food
xy(z 10)
(
4xy
)
5
5(z 10)
4
Giventhatnumberofdaysremainthesame
5(z 10)
=z
4
5z 50 = 4z
z = 50
27. A garrison of 500 persons had provisions for 27 days. After 3 days a reinforcement of 300 persons
arrived.Forhowmanymoredayswilltheremainingfoodlastnow?
A.12days
B.16days
C.14days
D.15days
Men
500 : 800 } :: x : 24
500 24 = 800x
5 24 = 8x
x = 5 3 = 15
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodtakenby1manin1day=x
Giventhatthegarrisonhadprovisionsfor500personsfor27days
Totalquantityoffood=500 27 x = 13500x
Amountoffoodeatenby500personsin3days=500 3 x = 1500x
Remainingfood=13500x 1500x = 12000x........(Equation1)
After10days,totalpersons=500+300=800
Foodeatenby800persons1day=800x...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor800personstocomplete12000xfood
12000x
120
=
= 15
800x
8
28.Ahostelhadprovisionsfor250menfor40days.If50menleftthehostel,howlongwillthefoodlast
atthesamerate?
A.48days
B.50days
C.45days
D.60days
Men
250 : 200 } :: x : 40
250 40 = 200x
5 40 = 4x
x = 5 10 = 50
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodtakenby1manin1day=x
Giventhatthehostelhadprovisionsfor250menfor40days
Totalquantityoffood=250 40 x = 10000x...(Equation1)
If50menleavesthehostel,remainingmen=250-50=200
Foodeatenby200men1day=200x...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor200mentocomplete10000xfood
10000x
100
=
= 50
200x
2
29. in a camp, food was was sufficient for 2000 people for 54 days. After 15 days, more people came
andthefoodlastonlyfor20moredays.Howmanypeoplecame?
A.1900
B.1800
C.1940
D.2000
Men
2000 : (2000 + x) } :: 20 : 39
------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
------------------------------------------------------------Assumethatamountoffoodeatenby1personin1day=k
Giventhatfoodwassufficientfor2000peoplefor54days
Hence,Totalquantityoffood=200054k=108000k
Amountoffoodeatenby2000personsin15days=200015k=30000k
Remainingfood=108000k-30000k=78000k............................(Equation1)
Letxnumberofpeoplecameafter15days.
Then,totalnumberofpeopleafter15days=(2000+x)
Foodeatenby(2000+x)persons1day=(2000+x)k...................(Equation2)
FromEquations1and2,
Timetakenfor(2000+x)personstocomplete78000kfood
78000k
78000
=
(2000 + x)k
(2000 + x)
Giventhatfoodlastedonlyfor20moredays
78000
= 20
(2000 + x)
78000 = 20(2000 + x)
3900 = 2000 + x
x = 3900 2000 = 1900
30.If40mencanmake30boxesin20days,Howmanymoremenareneededtomake60boxesin25
days?
A.28
B.24
C.22
D.26
boxes
30 : 60
:: 40 : (40 + x)
days
25 : 20
30 25 (40 + x) = 60 20 40
25 (40 + x) = 2 20 40
5 (40 + x) = 2 4 40
(40 + x) = 2 4 8 = 64
x = 64 40 = 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2(UsingTimeandWork)
-------------------------------------------------------------------Letxmoremenareneededtomake60boxesin25days
Then(40+x)mencanmake60boxesin25days
Workdoneby40menin20days=30
Workdoneby1manin1day=
30
40 20
Workdoneby(40+x)menin25days=
30(40 + x) 25
...(Equation1)
40 20
If(40+x)mencanmake60boxesin25days,
Workdoneby(40+x)menin25days=60.....................(Equation2)
Hence,fromequation1andequation2,
30(40 + x) 25
40 20
= 60
30(40 + x) 25 = 60 40 20
(40 + x) 25 = 2 40 20
(40 + x) 5 = 2 8 20
(40 + x) = 2 8 4 = 64
x = 64 40 = 24
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution3(UsingTimeandWork)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
M1=40
D1=20
W1=30
LetM2=x
LetD2=25
W2=60
HereH1=H2
Hence,
M1D 1
M2D 2
=
W1
W2
40 20
x 25
=
30
60
2(40 20) = x 25
2(8 20) = x 5
x = 2(8 4) = 64
Hence,additionalmenrequired=64-40=24
I mportantFormulas-ChainRule
1.
DirectP roportion
Two quantities are said to be directly proportional, if on the increase or decrease of the one, the
otherincreasesordecreasesthesameextent.
Examples
i. Costofthegoodsisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofgoods.(Moregoods,Morecost)
ii. Amountofworkdoneisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberofpersonswhodidthework.
(Morepersons,MoreWork)
2.
I ndirectP roportion(inverseproportion)
Two quantities are said to be indirectly proportional (inversely proportional) if on the increase of
theone,theotherdecreasestothesameextentandvice-versa.
Examples
i. Numberofdaysneededtocompleteaworkisindirectlyproportional(inverselyproportional)
withthenumberofpersonswhodoesthework(MorePersons,LessDaysneeded)
ii. Thetimetakentotraveladistanceisindirectlyproportional(inverselyproportional)withthe
speedinwhichoneistravelling(MoreSpeed,LessTime)
1.Anaccurateclockshows8o'clockinthemorning.Throughhowmaydegreeswillthehourhandrotate
whentheclockshows2o'clockintheafternoon?
A.154
B.180
C.170
D.160
Theangletracedbythehourhandin6hours=6
360
= 180
12
2.Aclockisstartedatnoon.By10minutespast5,thehourhandhasturnedthrough
A.155
B.145
C.152
D.140
Timedurationfromnoonto10minutespast5=5hours10minutes
10
31
=5
hour =
hours
60
6
Hencetheangletracedbyhourhandfromnoonto10minutespast5=
31 360
31
=
30 = 31 5 = 155
6
12
6
3. At what time between 7 and 8 o'clock will the hands of a clock be in the same straight line but, not
together?
A.5minutespast7
C. 5
1
minutespast7
11
3
miinutespast7
11
5
D. 5
minutespast7
11
B. 5
Explanation:
Thetwohandsofaclockwillbeinthesamestraightlinebutnottogether
betweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
. (5H 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH>6
11
. (5H + 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=7.Handsoftheclockwillpointinoppositedirectionsat
12
(5 7 30)
minutespast7
11
=
5 12
60
5
minutespast7 =
minutespast7 = 5
minutespast7
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
Ifthehandsoftheclockareinthesamestraightline,butnottogether,
theywillbe30minutesapart.
At7'oclock,thehandsoftheclockare25minutesapart.Hencetheminutehandshould
gain5minutessothatthehandswillbe30minutesapart
Weknowthat,in60minutes,theminutehandgains55minutesonthehouronthehourhand.
60
Hencetogain5minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
5
55
60
5
=
minutes = 5
minutes
11
11
Thatmeanswhenthetimeis5
5
minutespast7,thehandsofaclockwillbein
11
thesamestraightlinebut,nottogether
4.Atwhattimebetween5.30and6willthehandsofaclockbeatrightangles?
A.44minutespast5
C. 43
7
minutespast5
11
B. 44
7
minutespast5
11
D.43minutespast5
ThetwohandsoftheclockwillbeatrightanglesbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
Let'sseethetimesatwhichrightanglesareformedbetween5and6
Let'stakeH=5.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween5and6at
(5 5 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= (25 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= 10
=
120
480
minutespast5'oclockand
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
= 10
10
12
12
minutespast5'oclockand40
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
10
7
minutespast5'oclockand43
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
10
7
minutespast5comesbefore5.30.43
minutespast5comesbetween5.30
11
11
and6.Thequestionistofindoutthetimebetween5.30and6whenthehandsofa
clockwillbeatrightangles.Hencethetimeis43
7
minutespast5
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At5,thehandsare25minutesspacesapart
Togetarightanglewhenthetimeisbetween5.30and6,
theminutehandhastogain(25+15)=40minutes
Weknowthat,in60minutes,theminutehandgains55minutesonthehouronthehourhand.
Hencetogain40minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
480
7
40 =
= 43
minutes
11
11
11
Thatmeanswhenthetimeis43
atrightangles
60
40
55
7
minutespast5,thehandsofaclockwillbe
11
5.Atwhatanglethehandsofaclockareinclinedat15minutespast5?
A. 67
C.70
2
3
D. 63
4
B. 62
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=5,M=15andtheminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
15
15
)+
)+
= 30 (5
= 30 (5 3) + 7.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 + 7.5 = 67.5
= 30 (H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
15minutespast5=5hour15minutes=5
15
1
21
hour = 5 hour=
hour
60
4
4
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hours=360
HenceAngletracedbyhourhandin
= 30
21
= 30 5.25 = 157.5
4
21
360 21
hour =
4
12
4
Angletracedbyminutehandin60minutes=360
Angletracedbyminutehandin15minutes=
360
15 = 90
60
Requiredangle=157.5-90=67.5
6.At3.40,thehourhandandtheminutehandofaclockformanangleof
A.135
B.130
C.120
D.125
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=3,M=40andminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
40
40
H)
= 30 (
3)
= 30 (8 3) 20
5
2
5
2
= 30 5 20 = 130
= 30 (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
3.40=3hour40minutes=3
40
2
11
hour = 3 hour=
hour
60
3
3
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hours=360
HenceAngletracedbyhourhandin
= 30
11
= 10 11 = 110
3
11
360 11
hour =
3
12
3
Angletracedbyminutehandin60minutes=360
Angletracedbyminutehandin40minutes=
360
40 = 240
60
Requiredangle=240-110=130
7.Theanglebetweentheminutehandandthehourhandofaclockwhenthetimeis8.30,is
A.75
B.85
C.80
D.70
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=8,M=30andminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
30
30
)+
)+
= 30 (8
= 30 (8 6) + 15
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 + 15 = 75
= 30 (H
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
8.30=8hour30minutes=8
1
17
hour =
hour
2
2
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hours=360
HenceAngletracedbyhourhandin
= 30
17
= 15 17 = 255
2
17
360 17
hour =
7
12
2
Angletracedbyminutehandin60minutes=360
Angletracedbyminutehandin30minutes=
360
30 = 180
60
Requiredangle=255-180=75
8.Howmanytimesinaday,arethehandsofaclockinstraightlinebutoppositeindirection?
A.48
B.22
C.24
D.12
9.Atwhattimebetween3o'clockand4o'clock,boththeneedlesofaclockwillcoincideeachother?
2
minutespast3
11
4
C. 15
minutespast3
11
4
minutespast3
11
2
D. 15
minutespast3
11
A. 16
B. 16
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
60H
(
) minutespastHo'clock.
11
HereH=3.Handswillbetogetherat
60H
minutespast3
11
60 3
minutespast3
11
180
4
minutespast3 = 16
minutespast3
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At3o'clock,thehandsare15minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain15moreminutespacessothatthehandswillcoincide
eachother
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining15minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
180
4
15minute =
15minute =
minute = 16
minute
55
11
11
11
4
Hencehandswillwillcoincideat16
minutepast3
11
10.Howmanytimeswillthehandsofaclockcoincideinaday?
A.24
B.22
C.20
D.21
4:22pm
5:27pm
6:33pm
7:38pm
8:44pm
9:49pm
10:55pm
Hencethehandscoincide22timesinaday.
Howeverthisisalreadygivenasaformulaanditsisbetterto
byhearttheansweras22
which can save time in competitive exams.(However if you
shouldknowthetheorybehind)
11.Howmanytimesinaday,thehandsofaclockarestraight
A.22
B.44
C.48
D.24
byhearttheansweras44
which can save time in competitive exams.(However if you
shouldknowthetheorybehind)
12.Howmuchdoesawatchloseperday,ifitshandscoincideevery64minutes?
1
minute
11
A. 34
C. 31 minute
8
minute
11
2
D. 33
minute
11
B. 32
Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervals
ofMminutesofcorrecttime.Theclockgainsorlosesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
HereM=64.Theclockgainsorlossesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
720
60 24
16 60 3
)= (
)=
(
)
M) (
64) (
11
M
11
64
11
8
2
360
8
(60 3) =
= 32
minutes
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
=>Timetakenbytheminutehandtogain60minspacesinanormalclock=
60
12
720
5
60 =
60 =
= 65
min
55
11
11
11
Inthegivenwatch,handscoincideevery64minutes.Inanotherwords,minutehand
gains60minspacesinevery64minutesforthegivenwatch.
5
5
16
64 = 1
=
minute
11
11
11
16
1
1
1
360
8
Lossin24hours=
24 60 =
24 60 =
= 32
minute
11 64
11 4
11
11
Lossin64min=65
13.Atwhattimebetween9and10o'clockwillthehandsofaclockbetogether?
2
minpast9
9
1
C. 48
minpast9
12
A. 45
1
minpast9
11
2
D. 47
minpast9
15
B. 49
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat (
60H
)
11
minutespastHo'clock.
HereH=9.Handswillbetogetherat
=
60 9
minutespast9
11
540
1
minutespast9 = 49
minutespast9
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetter
tounderstandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblem
inthetraditionalway.
At9o'clock,thehandsare45minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain45moreminutespacessothatthehandswillcoincide
eachother?
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining45minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
540
1
45minute =
45minute =
minute = 49
minute
55
11
11
11
1
Hencehandswillcoincideat49
minutepast9
11
14.Atwhattimebetween4and5o'clockwillthehandsofawatchpointinoppositedirections?
6
minutespast4
11
6
C. 54
minutespast4
11
A. 53
7
minutespast4
11
7
D. 54
minutespast4
11
B. 53
Thetwohandsofaclockwillbeinthesamestraightlinebutnottogether
betweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 30)
minutespastH,whenH>6
11
(5H + 30)
12
minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=4.Handsofthewatchwillpointinoppositedirectionsat (5 4 + 30)
=
12
minutespast4
11
50 12
600
minutespast4 =
minutespast4
11
11
= 54
6
minutespast4
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetterto
understandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At4o'clock,thehandsare20minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain50moreminutespacessothatthehandswill
pointinoppositedirections.
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining50minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
600
6
50minute =
50minute =
minute = 54
minute
55
11
11
11
6
Hencehandswillpointinoppositedirectionsat54
minutepast4
11
15.Awatchwhichgains5secondsin3minuteswassetrightat7a.m.Intheafternoonofthesameday,
whenthewatchindicatedquarterpast4o'clock,thetruetimeis
A.3pm
B.3.45pm
C.3.30pm
D.4pm
Timefrom7amto4.15pm=9hours15minutes=9
1
37
hours =
hours
4
4
3minute5secondsofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
3
1
minutesofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
12
37
minutesofthegivenclock=3minutesofanormalclock
12
37
3
hoursofthegivenclock=
hoursofanormalclock
720
60
37
1
hoursofthegivenclock=
hoursofanormalclock
720
20
37
1
720 37
hoursofthegivenclock=
hoursofthegivenclock
4
20
37
4
=9hoursofthegivenclock
Hencethecorrecttime=9hoursafter7am=4pm
16.Howmanytimesarethehandsofaclockatrightangleinaday?
A.48
B.44
C.24
D.22
17. A watch which gains uniformly is 2 minutes low at noon on and is 4 min 48 sec fast at 2 pm on the
followingMonday.Whenwasitcorrect?
A.2pmonTuesday
B.3pmonWednesday
C.2pmonWednesday
D.3pmonTuesday
= 7 24 + 2 = 168 + 2 = 170hours
TotaltimegainedMondaynoon(12o'clock)tofollowingMonday2pm=2min+4min48sec
=6min48sec=6
48
4
34
mins=6 mins=
mins
60
5
5
=> Thegivenwatchgains
34
minsin170hours
5
Giventhatthesaidwatchwas2minuteslowatMondaynoon.Hencewhenitgained2minutes,
thetimewascorrect.
34
minsin170hours
5
5
=> Thegivenwatchgains2minsin170
2hours
34
= 5 5 2hours=50hours
Thegivenwatchgains
Hencethetimewascorrectafter50hoursfromMondaynoon
=after2days2hoursfromMondaynoon=2pmonWednesday
18.Whatisthereflexanglebetweenthehandsofaclockat10.25?
A. 195
C. 180
2
1
D. 193
2
B. 197
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=10,M=25andtheminutehandisbehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
25
25
)+
)+
= 30 (10
= 30 (10 5) + 12.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 5 + 12.5 = 150 + 12.5 = 162.5
= 30 (H
Butthequestionistofindoutthereflexangle.
Reflexangle=360-162.5=197.5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
10hour25minutes=10
25
5
125
hour = 10
hour =
hour
60
12
12
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Angletracedbyhourhandin
= 10
125
360 125
125
hour=
= 30
12
12
12
12
125
= 10 31.25 = 312.5
4
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
Angletracedbyminutehandin25min.=
360
25 = 6 25 = 150.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis10.25=312.5-150=162.5.
Reflexangle=360-162.5=197.5
19.Theanglebetweentheminutehandandthehourhandofaclockwhenthetimeis4.20is
A.10
B.5
C.0
D.1
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=4,M=20theminutehandisslightlybehindthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
20
20
)+
)+
= 30 (4
= 30 (4 4) + 10
5
2
5
2
= 30 0 + 10 = 10
= 30 (H
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
4hour20minutes=4
1
13
hour =
hour
3
3
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Angletracedbyhourhandin
= 10 13 = 130
13
360 13
13
hour=
= 30
3
12
3
3
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
Angletracedbyminutehandin20min.=
360
20 = 6 20 = 120.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis4.20=130-120=10.
20.Aclockissetat5am.Iftheclockloses16minutesin24hours,whatwillbethetruetimewhenthe
clockindicates10pmon4thday?
A.9.30pm
B.10pm
C.10.30pm
D.11pm
Timefrom5amto10pmonthe4thday=3days17hours=3 24 + 17 = 89hours
Giventhatclockloses16minutesin24hours
> 23hour44minutesofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
23
44
hoursofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
60
23
11
hoursofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
15
356
hoursofthegivenclock=24hoursinanormalclock
15
89hoursofthegivenclock=24
= 24
15
89hoursinanormalclock
356
15
= 6 15 = 90hours
4
Sothecorrecttimeis90hoursafter5am=3days18hoursafter5am=11pmonthe4thday
21.Whatistheanglebetweenthehourandtheminutehandofaclockwhenthetimeis3.25?
A. 47
C. 46
HideAnswer | Notebook |Discuss
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
1
2
1
D. 47
2
B. 46
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=3,M=25andtheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
25
25
H)
= 30 (
3)
= 30 (5 3) 12.5
5
2
5
2
= 30 2 12.5 = 60 12.5 = 47.5
= 30 (
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
3hour25minutes=3
25
5
41
hour = 3
hour =
hour
60
12
12
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Angletracedbyhourhandin
= 10
41
360 41
41
hour=
= 30
12
12
12
12
41
= 10 10.25 = 102.5
4
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
Angletracedbyminutehandin25min.=
360
25 = 6 25 = 150.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis10.25=150-102.5=47.5.
22.Atwhattimebetween8and9o'clockwillthehandsofaclockareinthesamestraightlinebutnot
together?
8
minutespast8
11
10
C. 11
minutespast8
11
A. 11
8
minutespast8
11
10
D. 10
minutespast8
11
B. 10
Thetwohandsofaclockwillbeinthesamestraightlinebutnottogether
betweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 30)
minutespastH,whenH>6
11
(5H + 30)
12
minutespastH,whenH<6
11
HereH=8.Handsoftheclockwillpointinoppositedirectionsat
12
(5 8 30)
minutespast8
11
=
10 12
120
10
minutespast8 =
minutespast8 = 10
minutespast8
11
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At8o'clock,thehandsare20minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain10moreminutespacessothatthehandswillbe
inoppositedirection
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining10minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
120
10
10minute =
10minute =
minute = 10
minute
55
11
11
11
10
Hencehandswillbeinoppositedirectionat10
minutepast8
11
23.Atwhattimebetween2and3o'clockwillthehandsofaclockbetogether?
11
minutespast2
11
11
C. 10
minutespast2
11
A. 9
10
minutespast2
11
10
D. 10
minutespast2
11
B. 9
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat (
60H
)
11
minutespastHo'clock.
HereH=2.Handswillbetogetherat
=
60 2
minutespast2
11
120
10
minutespast2 = 10
minutespast2
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At2o'clock,thehandsare10minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain10moreminutespacessothatthehandswillbe
inoppositedirection
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining10minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
120
10
10minute =
10minute =
minute = 10
minute
55
11
11
11
10
Hencehandsoftheclockwillbetogetherat10
minutepast2
11
24.Atwhattimebetween5and6'oclock,willthehandsofaclockbeatrightangle?
A. 10
5
C. 10
5
10
7
minutes past 5 and43
minutes past
11
11
B. 10
9
7
minutes past 5 and42
minutes past
11
11
D. 10
10
7
minutes past 5 and 42
minutes past
11
11
9
7
minutes past 5 and42
minutes past
11
11
ThetwohandsoftheclockwillbeatrightanglesbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=5.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween5and6at
(5 5 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= (25 15)
12
minutespast5'oclock
11
= 10
=
12
12
minutespast5'oclockand40
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
120
480
minutespast5'oclockand
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
= 10
10
7
minutespast5'oclockand43
minutespast5'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsgoodto
understandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At5,thehandsare25minutesspacesapart
Togetfirstrightangle,theminutehandhastogain25-15=10minutes
Togetsecondrightangle,theminutehandhastogain25+15=40minutes
Weknowthat,in60minutes,theminutehandgains55minutesonthehouronthehourhand.
Togain10minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
120
10
10 =
= 10
minutes
11
11
11
60
10
55
HTogain40minutesfortheminutehand,timeneeded=
=
12
480
7
40 =
= 43
minutes
11
11
11
Thatmeanswhenthetimeis10
60
40
55
10
7
minutespast5and43
minutespast5,
11
11
thehandsofaclockwillbeatrightangles
25.Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervalsof65minutes.Howmuchadaydoes
theclockgainorloss?
9
minutes
143
10
C. 11
minutes
143
A. 10
9
minutes
143
10
D. 10
minutes
143
B. 11
Explanation:
Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervals
ofMminutesofcorrecttime.Theclockgainsorlosesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
HereM=65.Theclockgainsorlossesinadayby
=(
720
60 24
720
60 24
5 12 24
)= (
)=
(
)
M) (
65) (
11
M
11
65
11
13
1440
10
= 10
minutes
143
143
26.Findthetimebetween4and5'oclock,whenthetwohandsofaclockare4minutesapart?
A. 26
4
C. 26
4
2
5
minutes past 4 and17
minutes past
11
11
B. 26
2
4
minutes past 4 and17
minutes past
11
11
D. 26
1
5
minutes past 4 and 17
minutes past
11
11
1
4
minutes past 4 and17
minutes past
11
11
BbetweenHand(H+1)o'clock,thetwohandsofaclockareMminutesapartat
12
(5H M)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=4andM=4.Hencethetwohandsare4minutesapartbetween4and5at
(5 4 4)
12
minutespast4'oclock
11
= (20 4)
12
minutespast4'oclock
11
= 16
=
12
12
minutespast4'oclockand24
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
192
288
minutespast4'oclockand
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
= 17
5
2
minutespast4'oclockand26
minutespast4'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverpleasefind
themethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameprobleminthetraditionalway.
At4o'clock,thehandsare20minutespacesapart
Togetthefirst4betweenthehands,theminutehandhastogain20-4=16minutespaces
Togetthesecond4betweenthehands,theminutehandhastogain20+4=24minutespaces
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Timetakenforgaining16minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
192
5
16minute =
16minute =
minute = 17
minutes
55
11
11
11
Timetakenforgaining24minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
288
2
24minute =
24minute =
minute = 26
minutes
55
11
11
11
5
2
Hencehandsoftheclockare4minutesapartat17
minutespast4and26
minutepast4
11
11
27.Atwhattimebetween5and6willthehandsoftheclockcoincide?
2
minutespast5
11
3
C. 28
minutespast5
11
A. 26
3
minutespast5
11
3
D. 27
minutespast5
11
B. 26
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat (
60H
)
11
minutespastHo'clock.
HereH=5.Handswillbetogetherat
=
60 5
minutespast5
11
300
3
minutespast5 = 27
minutespast5
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeverweshouldunderstand
thebasicsforsure.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At5o'clock,thehandsare25minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain25moreminutespacessothatthehandswillbe
inoppositedirection
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining25minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
300
3
25minute =
25minute =
minute = 27
minute
55
11
11
11
3
Hencehandsoftheclockwillbetogetherat27
minutepast5
11
28.Atwhattimebetween6and7willthehandsbeperpendicular
A. 48
6
C. 49
6
1
4
minutes past 6 and16
minutes past
11
11
1
4
minutes past 6 and16
minutes past
11
11
B. 48 minutespast6and 16
D. 48
6
3
minutespast6
11
2
3
minutes past 6 and16
minutes past
11
11
ThetwohandsoftheclockwillbeatrightanglesbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
HereH=6.Hencethetwohandswillbeatrightanglesbetween6and7at
(5 6 15)
12
minutespast6'oclock
11
= (30 15)
12
minutespast6'oclock
11
= 15
=
12
12
minutespast6'oclockand45
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
180
540
minutespast6'oclockand
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
= 16
4
1
minutespast6'oclockand49
minutespast6'oclock
11
11
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetterto
understandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblemin
thetraditionalway.
At5o'clock,thehandsare30minutespacesapart
Henceminutehandneedstogain15moreminutespacesor45moreminutespaces
sothatthehandswillbeinrightangles(90betweenthem)
Weknowthat55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)
in60min
Hencetimetakenforgaining15minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
180
15 =
15 =
55
11
11
4
= 16
minutes
11
Hencetimetakenforgaining45minutespacesbyminutehand
60
12
540
45 =
45 =
55
11
11
1
= 49
minutes
11
Hencethehandswillbeperpendicularat16
49
1
minutespast6
11
4
minutespast6and
11
29.Whatistheanglebetweenthehandsat4.40?
A.95
B.100
C.120
D.110
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
HereH=4,M=40theminutehandisaheadofthehourhand.Hencetheangle
M
M
40
40
H)
= 30 (
4)
= 30 (8 4) 20
5
2
5
2
= 30 4 20 = 100
= 30 (
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Itsbettertouseformulaasitcansavelotsoftimeinexams.Howeveritsbetter
tounderstandthebasics.Pleasefindthemethodgivenbelowtosolvethesameproblem
inthetraditionalway.
4hour40minutes=4
2
14
hour =
hour
3
3
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
Angletracedbyhourhandin
= 10 14 = 140
14
360 14
14
hour=
= 30
3
12
3
3
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
Angletracedbyminutehandin40min.=
360
40 = 6 40 = 240.
60
Anglebetweenthehandsoftheclockwhenthetimeis4.40=240-140=100.
30.Aclockstrikes4taking9seconds.Inordertostrike12atthesamerate,thetimetakenis
A.33seconds
B.30seconds
C.36seconds
D.27seconds
Timetakenfor1interval=
9
= 3seconds
3
Inordertostrike12,thereare11intervals.Hencetimeneeded
= 3 11 = 33seconds
I mportantFormulas-Clock
1.
MinuteSpaces
Thefaceordialofclockisacirclewhosecircumferenceisdividedinto60equalparts,named
minutespaces
2.
Hourhandandminutehand
Aclockhastwohands.Thesmallerhandiscalledthehourhandorshorthandandthelargerone
iscalledminutehandorlonghand.
3.
55minspacesaregainedbyminutehand(withrespecttohourhand)in60min.
(In60minutes,hourhandwillmove5minspaceswhiletheminutehandwillmove60minspaces.
Ineffectthespacegainofminutehandwithrespecttohourhandwillbe60-5=55minutes.)
4.
Boththehandsofaclockcoincideonceineveryhour.
5.
The hands of a clock are in the same straight line when they are coincident or opposite to each
other.
6.
Whenthetwohandsofaclockareatrightangles,theyare15minutespacesapart.
7.
Whenthehandsofaclockareinoppositedirections,theyare30minutespacesapart.
8.
Angletracedbyhourhandin12hrs=360
9.
Angletracedbyminutehandin60min.=360.
10.
Ifawatchoraclockindicates9.15,whenthecorrecttimeis9,itissaidtobe15minutestoofast.
11.
If a watch or a clock indicates 8.45, when the correct time is 9, it is said to be 15 minutes too
slow.
12.
Thehandsofaclockwillbeinstraightlinebutoppositeindirection,22timesinaday
13.
Thehandsofaclockcoincide22timesinaday
14.
Thehandsofaclockarestraight44timesinaday
15.
Thehandsofaclockareatrightangles44timesinaday
16.
ThetwohandsofaclockwillbetogetherbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
60H
(
) minutespastHo'clock.
11
17.
Thetwohandsofaclockwillbeinthesamestraightlinebutnottogether
betweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
. (5H 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH>6
11
. (5H + 30) 12 minutespastH,whenH<6
11
AnglebetweenHandsofaclock
18.
Whentheminutehandisbehindthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
)+
= 30 (H
degree
5
2
Whentheminutehandisaheadofthehourhand,theangle
betweenthetwohandsatMminutespastH'oclock
M
M
= 30 (
H)
degree
5
2
19.
ThetwohandsoftheclockwillbeatrightanglesbetweenHand(H+1)o'clockat
12
(5H 15)
minutespastH'oclock
11
Theminutehandofaclockovertakesthehourhandatintervals
ofMminutesofcorrecttime.Theclockgainsorlosesinadayby
20.
=(
21.
720
60 24
) minutes
M) (
11
M
BbetweenHand(H+1)o'clock,thetwohandsofaclockareMminutesapartat
12
(5H M)
minutespastH'oclock
11
BasicArithmeticoperationsDecimalFractions
1.
AdditionandSubtractionofDecimalFractions
Toadd/subtractdecimals,followthesesteps.
Writedownthenumbers,oneundertheother,withthedecimalpointslieinonecolumn.
Now the numbers can be added normally (remember to put the decimal point in the
answer).
Examples
(a)1.3+0.24=?
1.3
0.24
1.54
2.
(b)1.25+0.1024+3=?
1.25
0.1024
3
4.3524
MultiplicationofaDecimalFractionByaPowerof10
Shiftthedecimalpointtotherightbyasmanyplacesasthepowerof10
Examples
(a)3.7810=37.8
3.
0.0043100000=430
MultiplicationofDecimalFractions
Tomultiplydecimals,followthesesteps
Multiplythegivennumbersconsideringthemwithoutdecimalpoint.
In the product obtained, place the decimal point by starting at the right and moving a
numberofplacesequaltothesumofthedecimalplacesinthegivennumbers.
Examples
(a)4.06=?
4.
(b)2.30.005=?
46=24
235=30
Sumofthedecimalplaces
inthegivennumbers
=0+2=2
Sumofthedecimalplaces
inthegivennumbers
=0+1+3=4
Hence,answer=.24
Hence,answer=.0030=.003
DivisionofDecimalFractionbyaCountingNumber
Todivideadecimalbyacountingnumber,followthesesteps
Dividethegivennumbersconsideringthemwithoutdecimalpoint.
In the quotient obtained, place the decimal point by starting at the right and moving a
numberofplacesequaltothesumofthedecimalplacesinthegivennumbers.
Examples
(a)0.042=?
5.
(b)0.0084=?
42=2
84=2
Sumofthedecimalplaces
inthegivennumbers
=2+0=2
Sumofthedecimalplaces
inthegivennumbers
=3+0=3
Hence,answer=.02
Hence,answer=.002
DivisionofDecimalFraction/CountingNumberbyaDecimalFraction
Todivideadecimal/countingnumberbyadecimal,followthesesteps
Multiply both the dividend and the divisor by a suitable power of 10 to make divisor a
wholenumber
Nowthenumberscanbedividednormally.
Examples
(a)
0.04
0.04 10
0.4
=
=
= 0.2
0.2
0.2 10
2
0.0009
0.0009 10 2
0.09
(b)
=
=
= 0.03
2
0.03
3
0.03 10
3
3 10 2
300
(c)
=
=
= 100
2
0.03
3
0.03 10
40
40 10 3
40000
(d)
=
=
= 20000
3
0.002
2
0.002 10
BasicsConceptsandFormulasDecimalFractions
1.
Fractions
Afractionisanexpressionthatindicatesthequotientoftwoquantities.
Examplesoffractions:
1 1 5
8
, , ,
2 3 7
5
etc.
Afractionhastwoparts,NumeratorandDenominator.Numeratoristhenumberatthetopofthe
fractionanddenominatoristhenumberatthebottomofthefraction.
Forexample,inthefraction
1
,1isnumeratorand4isdenominator
4
Thedenominatorofafractioncannotbezero
(Fractions can be denoted by using horizontal lines or diagonal lines. For example,
representsthesame)
2.
1
and 1/4
4
TypeofFractions
i.
CommonFraction
A common fraction (also known as Vulgar fraction and simple fraction) is a fraction in
which both numerator and denominator areintegers (As with other fractions, the
denominatorcannotbezero)
Examples:
ii.
2 7
6
,
,
3 12
5
DecimalFraction
1
=.1
10
1
=.01
100
17
=.17
100
4
=.0004
10000
121
=1.21
100
Decimalfractionscanalsobeexpressedusingscientificnotationwithnegativeexponents
Example:4.193107isadecimalfractionwhichrepresents.0000004193
Generally, a zero is added to the left of the decimal point if a whole number is absent to draw
theattentiontothefactthatthenumberisadecimalfraction.
3.
4.
Forexample,.1and0.1representsthesame
AnnexingZerostotheextremerightofadecimalfraction
Annexingzerostotheextremerightofadecimalfractiondoesnotchangeitsvalue.
Examples
0.4=0.40=0.400=0.4000,etc.
1.21=1.210=1.2100=1.21000,etc
If the numerator and denominator contain the same number of decimal places, we can remove
thedecimalsign
Example
1.2
12
1
=
=
4.8
48
4
5.
6.
0.03
3
1
=
=
0.24
24
8
ConversionofaDecimalintoCommonFraction
Put 1 in the denominator under the decimal point and annex with it as many zeros as is the
numberofdigitsafterthedecimalpoint.Now,removethedecimalpointandreducethefraction
toitslowestterms.
Examples
0.5=
5
1
=
10
2
.75=
75
3
=
100
4
1.25=
125
5
=
100
4
ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions
1.
HowtoConvertaPureRecurringDecimalintoVulgarFraction
Toconvertapurerecurringdecimalintoavulgarfraction,followthesesteps.
1. Removethenumberlefttothedecimalpoint,ifany.
2. Writetherepeatedfiguresonlyonceinthenumeratorwithoutthedecimalpoint.
3. Writeasmanyninesinthedenominatorasthenumberofrepeatingfigures.
4. Addthenumberremovedinstep1(ifany)withthefractionobtainedintheabovesteps.
Examples
3
(a) 0.
3
1
=
9
3
(b) 0.
7
7
9
=
36
(c) 0.
36
4
=
99
11
=
067
(d) 0.
(f) 1.
3
=1+
=
36
(g) 5.
2.
067
67
=
999
999
3
1
4
=1+ =
9
3
3
5+
36
4
59
=5+
=
99
11
11
HowtoConvertaMixedRecurringDecimalintoVulgarFraction
Toconvertamixedrecurringdecimalintoavulgarfraction,followthesesteps.
1. Removethenumberlefttothedecimalpoint,ifany.
2. Numerator is the difference between the number formed by all the digits (taking
repeateddigitsonlyonce)andthatformedbythedigitswhicharenotrepeated.
3. Denominatoristhenumberformedbytakingasmanyninesasthenumberofrepeating
figuresfollowedbyasmanyzerosasthenumberofnonrepeatingdigits.
4. Addthenumberremovedinstep1(ifany)withthefractionobtainedintheabovesteps.
Examples
=
(a) 0.54
29
(b) 0.1
6
(c) 0.58
3
=
(d) 1.3
18
(5429 54)
5375
215
=
=
9900
9900
396
(16 1)
15
1
=
=
90
90
6
(583 58)
525
21
7
=
=
=
900
900
36
12
1+
(318 3)
315
63
21
7
29
=1+
=1+
=1+
=1+
=
990
990
198
66
22
22
1. Evaluate
3.8 2 1.2 2
3.8 1.2
A.5.2
B.4.8
C.4
D.5
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
[Readmore...]
= 3.8 + 1.2 = 5
2.If20412.75=16,then2.041.275=?
A.16
B.1.6
C.0.16
D.0.016
204
= 16
12.75
20.4
= 16
1.275
(DividedNumeratorandDenominatorby10))
2.04
= 1.6
1.275
(DividedLHSandRHSby10)
3.0.030.0124=?
A.3.72106
B.3.72105
C.3.72103
D.3.72104
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Reference:MultiplicationofDecimalFractions
3124=372
Sumofthedecimalplacesin0.03and0.0124=2+4=6
Hence,0.030.0124=372106=3.72104
4.7212+15.231?=6879
A.359.022
B.362.02
C.328.221
D.348.231
5.4211.01+22.261?=2645.759
A.1587.512
B.1586.532
C.1588.021
D.1586.422
6.ThepriceofcommodityPincreasesby40paiseeveryyear,whilethepriceofcommodityQincreases
by15paiseeveryyear.Ifin2001,thepriceofcommodityPwasRs.4.20andthatofQwasRs.6.30,in
whichyearcommodityPwillcost40paisemorethanthecommodityQ?
A.2008
B.2009
C.2010
D.2011
Explanation:
Let the commodity P costs 40 paise more than the commodity
Qafternyears
PriceofthecommodityPin2001=Rs.4.20
SincethepriceofthecommodityPincreasesbyRs0.40every
year,
PriceofthecommodityPafternyearsfrom2001=Rs.4.20+
(n.40)
PriceofthecommodityQin2001=Rs.6.30
SincethepriceofthecommodityQincreasesbyRs0.15every
year,
priceofthecommodityQafternyearsfrom2001=Rs.6.30+
(n.15)
Since the commodity P costs Rs. 0.40 more that the
commodityQafternyearsfrom2001,
4.20+(n.40)=6.30+(n.15)+0.40
=>(40n.15n)=6.304.20+0.40=2.5
=>.25n=2.5
n=
2.5
250
=
= 10
.25
25
=>CommodityPcostsRs.0.40morethatthecommodityQafter10yearsfrom2001.i.e.,in2011
7.Whichofthefollowingfractionsisgreaterthan3/5andlessthan6/7?
7
8
2
C.
3
A.
1
3
1
D.
2
B.
Solution1
3
= 0.6
5
6
= 0.85 (Takenonlythefirsttwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
7
Hence,thequestionistofindoutanumberwhichisgreaterthan0.6andlessthan0.85
Thegivenchoicesare
1
= 0.5
2
2
= 0.66 (Takenonlythefirsttwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
3
1
= 0.33 (Takenonlythefirsttwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
3
7
= 0.87 (Takenonlythefirsttwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
8
Clearly,0.66=
2
istheanswer
3
Solution2
LCMof5,7,2,3,3,8=840
3
504
=
5
840
6
720
=
7
840
Hence,thequestionistofindoutanumberwhichisbetweentheabovenumbers
Thegivenchoicesare
1
420
=
2
840
2
560
=
3
840
1
280
=
3
840
7
735
=
8
840
Clearly,
560
2
= istheanswer
840
3
8.0.0040.5=?
A.Noneofthese
B.0.02
C.0.002
D.0.0002
9.Howmanydigitswillbetheretotherightofthedecimalpointintheproductof89.635and.02218?
A.5
B.6
C.7
D.8
10. 4.
86
A. 1.6
C. 1.14
=?
3.71
B. 1.5
D. 1.15
= (4 + 86 )
4.86
99
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
= (3 + 71 )
3.71
99
3.71
= (4 + 86 ) (3 + 71 ) = (1 + 15 ) = 1.15
Hence,4.86
99
99
99
11. 4.
86
A. 0.93
=?
3.95
B. 0.92
C. 0.91
D. 0.90
= (4 + 86 )
4.86
99
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
= (3 + 95 )
3.95
99
3.95
= (4 + 86 ) (3 + 95 ) = (1 9 ) = 90 = 0.90
Hence,4.86
99
99
99
99
inthefractionalform?
12. Whatisthecorrectexpressionof8.
23
8232323
1000000
82323
C.
1000
823
99
815
D.
99
A.
B.
= 8 + 23 = 815
8.23
99
99
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
13.24.39+562.093+35.96=?
A.622.441
B.622.243
C.622.233
D.622.443
14.926+9.026+0.926+9.0026=?
A.944.9546
B.944.1246
C.944.4246
D.944.9446
15.Theexpression(12.8612.86+12.86p+0.140.14)willbeaperfectsquareforpequalto
A.0.28
B.0.26
C.1
D.0
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b2
[Readmore...]
12.8612.86+12.86p+0.140.14=(12.86)2+12.86p+(0.14)2
Thiscanbewrittenas(12.86+0.14)2=132,if12.86p=212.860.14
i.e.,ifp=20.14=0.28
Hence,p=0.28istheanswer
16.Convert0.343434.....intoafraction
31
99
33
C.
99
32
99
34
D.
99
A.
B.
= 34
0.343434..... = 0.34
99
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
17.
0.0007
= 0.01
?
A.70
B.7
C.0.7
D.0.07
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
0.0007
.07
=
= .07
0.01
1
RequiredAnswer=
[Reference:DivisionofDecimalFraction/CountingNumberbyaDecimalFraction]
18. Whatisthevalueof
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + 0.087 + (0.1) 2
A.1.07
B.0.93
C.0.68
D.0.77
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
[Readmore...]
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + 0.087 + (0.1) 2
=
(0.87) 3 (0.1) 3
(0.87) 2 + (0.87 0.1) + (0.1) 2
(a 3 b3 )
a 2 + ab + b2
(wherea=0.87andb=0.1)
(a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
a 2 + ab + b2
19. Whatisthevalueof
A.
1
64
C.
1
16
D.
1
8
1
(4 4 4)
1
64
20. Thevalueof
A.0.003
B.0.03
C.0.3
D.3
730 0.05 3
730 3
73 3
219
.0219
10 1000
.03
21.Whatdecimalofanhourisasecond?
A..00027
B..00025
C..00026
D..00024
22. If
233
23.3
=
,whatisthevalueofx
0.233
x
A.233
B.23.3
C.0.233
D.0.0233
233
23.3
=
0.233
x
233000
23.3
=
233
x
1000 =
x=
23.
23.3
x
23.3
= 0.0233
1000
0.0406 1.46
=?
0.008 14.5 0.4
A.1.2775
B.2.2423
C.4.2223
D.0.7423
0.0406 1.46
0.008 14.5 0.4
=
406 146
8 145 40
203 73
4 145 20
14819
= 1.2775
11600
Butinfact,youreallydon'tneedtodothislengthcalculationhere.Givenchoices
arenotcloser.Hencewecantakeafairamountofapproximationasgivenbelow
0.0406 1.46
0.008 14.5 0.4
=
406 146
8 145 40
400 146
8 145 40
10 146
8 145
10
8
1.25
Fromthegivenchoices,1.2775iscloserto1.25.Hence1.2775istheanswer
24.Whatistherationalnumberforrecurringdecimal0.890890890....?
890890
1000
890
C.
999
A.
B.
67
421
D.Noneofthese
= 890
0.890890890.... = 0.890
999
[Reference:ConversionofRecurringDecimalsintoVulgarFractions]
25. Thefraction878
21
indecimalformis
10000
A.Noneofthese
B.878.0021
C.878.00021
D.878.021
878
26.
21
21
= 878 +
= 878 + 0.0021 = 878.0021
10000
10000
(0.1667)(0.8333)(0.6666)
isapproximatelyequalto
(0.4444)(1.3333)(0.2500)
A.0.625
B.0.572
C.0.675
D.0.724
(0.1667)(0.8333)(0.6666)
(0.1667)(0.8333)
0.6666
6666
0.4444
4444
(0.4444)(1.3333)(0.2500)
(1.3333)(0.2500)
1 5
( )( )
6 6
3 35
3
5
5
5
0.625
2 66
2 26
222
8
4 1
( )( )
3 4
1 5
( )( )
6 6
27.2.205dividedby0.3gives
A.7.35
B.6.25
C.8.15
D.6.95
1
( )
3
1 5
( )( )
6 6
4
25
( )(
)
3 100
Hereistheanswerandexplanation
Answer:OptionA
Explanation:
2.205
22.05
=
= 7.35
0.3
3
28.Whichistheleastamongthefollowing?
A.10.3
B. 0.3
C.0.3
D.(0.3)2
0.
3 = 0.33333...
10.3=103=3.3333...
(0.3)2=0.30.3=.09
Hence,(0.3)2istheleast
29.
A.0.1
B.4.2
C.0.5
D.1
=?
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
[Readmore...]
(5.2) 2 (2.4) 2
=
2.8 7.6
(a b)(a + b)
(a b)(a + b)
wherea=5.2andb=2.4
=1
30.Whichofthefollowingisequalto0.024106?
A.2400000
B.240000
C.24000
D.2400
31.Whichofthefollowingareindescendingorderoftheirvalue?
7 4 3 2 1 1
, , , , ,
8 7 7 5 4 6
1 2 4 1 3 7
, , , ,
C. ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
B.Noneofthese
A.
D.
1 2 4 5 6 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
1 2 4 5 6 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
Similarly,
isnotindescendingorder
1 2 4 1 3 7
, , , , ,
4 5 7 6 7 8
isalsonotindescendingorder
7/8=0.8(Takenonlyonedigitafterthedecimalpoint)
4/7=0.5(Takenonlyonedigitafterthedecimalpoint)
3/7=0.42(Takenonlytwodigitsafterthedecimalpoint)
2/5=0.4
1/4=0.2(Takenonlyonedigitafterthedecimalpoint)
1/6=0.1(Takenonlyonedigitafterthedecimalpoint)
Hence,
32.
7 4 3 2 1 1
, , , , , isindescendingorder
8 7 7 5 4 6
4 0.30 3 0.500
0.003
A.10
B.10
C.100
D.100
=?
4 0.30 3 0.500
0.003
1.2 1.5
0.3
300
=
=
= 100
0.003
0.003
3
RecurringDecimals(orRepeatingDecimals)
1.
RecurringDecimal
2.
(a)
1
= 0.333... = 0.
3 = 0.3
3
(b)
1
= 0.1 42857
= 0.142857142857142857... = 0.142857
7
(c)
7
= 0.58333... = 0.58
3 = 0.583
12
TypeofRecurringDecimals
Recurring Decimals can be classified into two categories Pure Recurring Decimals and Mixed
RecurringDecimals
i.
PureRecurringDecimals
Pure Recurring Decimal is a decimal fraction in which all the figures after the decimal
pointarerepeated.
Examples
ii.
(a)
1
= 0.3
= 0.333... = 0.3
3
(b)
4
= 0.3 6
= 0.36363636... = 0.36
11
MixedRecurringDecimals
PureRecurringDecimalisadecimalfractioninwhichsomefiguresarenotrepeatedand
somefiguresarerepeated.
Examples
(a)
7
= 0.58333... = 0.58
3 = 0.583
12
(b)
87
= 1.31 8
= 1.3181818... = 1.318
66
1.Twonumbersareintheratio2:3.IftheirL.C.M.is48.whatissumofthenumbers?
A.28
B.40
C.64
D.42
(LCMof2and3is6.HenceLCM
of2xand3xis6x)
GiventhatLCMof2xand3xis48
=>6x=48
=>x= 486=8
Sumofthenumbers=2x+3x=5x=58=40
2.Whatisthegreatestnumberoffourdigitswhichisdivisibleby15,25,40and75?
A.9800
B.9600
C.9400
D.9200
3.Threenumbersareintheratioof2:3:4andtheirL.C.M.is240.TheirH.C.F.is:
A.40
B.30
C.20
D.10
4.Whatisthelowestcommonmultipleof12,36and20?
A.160
B.220
C.120
D.180
LCM=223135=180
5.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby5,6,7and8leavesaremainder3,butwhendivided
by9leavesnoremainder?
A.1108
B.1683
C.2007
D.3363
--------Solution1
------------------------------------------------------------------------------LCMof5,6,7and8=840
Hencethenumbercanbewrittenintheform(840k+3)which
isdivisibleby9
Ifk=1,number=(8401)+3=843whichisnotdivisible
by9
Ifk=2,number=(8402)+3=1683whichisdivisibleby
9
Hence1683istheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby5,6,7
and8leavesaremainder3,
butwhendividedby9leavesnoremainder
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2-HitandTrialMethod
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Justseewhichofthegivenchoicessatisfythegivencondtions
Take3363.Thisisnotevendivisibleby9.Hencethisisnotthe
answer
Take1108.Thisisnotevendivisibleby9.Hencethisisnotthe
answer
Take2007.Thisisdivisibleby9.
20075=401,remainder=2.Hencethisisnottheanswer
Take1683.Thisisdivisibleby9.
16835=336,remainder=3
16836=280,remainder=3
16837=240,remainder=3
16838=210,remainder=3
Hence1683istheanswer
6.TheH.C.F.oftwonumbersis5andtheirL.C.M.is150.Ifoneofthenumbersis25,thentheotheris:
A.30
B.28
C.24
D.20
Productoftwonumbers=ProductoftheirHCFandLCM.
Letonenumber=x
25 x = 5 150
x=
5 150
= 30
25
7.504canbeexpressedasaproductofprimesas
A.223377
B.233377
C.233337
D.222337
8.Whichofthefollowingintegershasthemostnumberofdivisors?
A.101
B.99
C.182
D.176
101=1101
=>Divisorsof101are1and101
182=12713
=>Divisorsof182are1,2,7,13,14,26,91and182
176=1222211
=>Divisorsof176are1,2,11,4,22,8,44,16,88,176
Hence176hasmostnumberofdivisors
9.Theleastnumberwhichshouldbeaddedto28523sothatthesumisexactlydivisibleby3,5,7and8
is
A.41
B.42
C.32
D.37
10.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendoubledwillbeexactlydivisibleby12,14,18and22?
A.1286
B.1436
C.1216
D.1386
=>1386isthenumberwhichwhendoubled,weget2772
Hence, 1386 is the least number which when doubled will be
exactlydivisibleby12,14,18and22?
11.Whatisthegreatestpossiblelengthwhichcanbeusedtomeasureexactlythelengths8m,4m20
cmand12m20cm?
A.10cm
B.30cm
C.25cm
D.20cm
12.Whichofthefollowingfractionisthelargest?
11
12
21
C.
40
A.
41
50
5
D.
6
B.
LCMof6,40,50and12=600
5
500
=
6
600
21
315
=
40
600
41
492
=
50
600
11
550
=
12
600
Clearly
550
11
=
isthelargestamongthesefractions
600
12
----------------------------------------------------------------------Solution2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
LCMof6,40,50and12=600
5
= .83
6
21
= .52
40
41
= .82
50
11
= .92
12
Clearly.92 =
11
isthelargestamongthese
12
13.Theproductoftwo2digitnumbersis2028andtheirHCFis13.Whatarethenumbers?
A.26,78
B.39,52
C.13,156
D.36,68
13)
13x13y=2028
=>xy=12
co-primes with product 12 are (1, 12) and (3, 4)
needtotakeonly
( we
14.Theproductoftwonumbersis2028andtheirHCFis13.Whatarethenumberofsuchpairs?
A.4
B.3
C.2
D.1
13x13y=2028
=>xy=12
co-primes with product 12 are (1, 12) and (3, 4)
needtotakeonly
( we
(Reference:Co-primeNumbers)
HencethenumberswithHCF13andproduct2028
=(131,1312)and(133,134)
=(13,156)and(39,52)
So,thereare2pairsofnumberswithHCF13andproduct2028
15. N is the greatest number which divides 1305, 4665 and 6905 and gives the same remainder in each
case.WhatisthesumofthedigitsinN?
A.4
B.3
C.6
D.5
6905-4665=2240
4665-1305=3360
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides1305,4665and6905andgivesthesameremainder,N
=HCFof5600,2240,3360
=1120
SumofdigitsinN
=Sumofdigitsin1120
=1+1+2+0
=4
16. A boy divided the numbers 7654, 8506 and 9997 by a certain largest number and he gets same
remainderineachcase.Whatisthecommonremainder?
A.156
B.199
C.211
D.231
9997-8506=1491
8506-7654=852
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides7654,8506and9997andleavessameremainder
=HCFof2343,1491,852
=213
Nowweneedtofindoutthecommonremainder.
Takeanyofthegivennumbersfrom7654,8506and9997,say7654
7654213=35,remainder=199
17.Findthegreatestcommondivisorof24and16
A.6
B.2
C.4
D.8
16)24(1
16
8)16(2
16
0
Hence,greatestcommondivisorof24and16=8
18. A, B and C start at the same time in the same direction to run around a circular stadium. A
completesaroundin252seconds,Bin308secondsandcin198seconds,allstartingatthesamepoint.
Afterwhattimewilltheyagainatthestartingpoint?
A.36minutes22seconds
B.46minutes22seconds
C.36minutes12seconds
D.46minutes12seconds
19.Theratiooftwonumbersis4:5.IftheHCFofthesenumbersis6,whatistheirLCM?
A.30
B.60
C.90
D.120
Answer:OptionD
Explanation:
Letthenumbersbe4kand5k
HCFof4and5=1
HenceHCFof4kand5k=k
GiventhatHCFof4kand5k=6
=>k=6
Hencethenumbersare(46)and(56)=24and30
LCMof24and30=120
20.WhatistheHCFof2.04,0.24and0.8?
A.1
B.2
C.0.02
D.0.04
=>HCFof2.04,0.24and0.8=0.04
21. If HCF of two numbers is 11 and the product of these numbers is 363, what is the the greater
number?
A.9
B.22
C.33
D.11
22. What is the greatest number which on dividing 1223 and 2351 leaves remainders 90 and 85
respectively?
A.1133
B.127
C.42
D.1100
=HCFof1133and2266
=1133
23.Whatistheleastmultipleof7whichleavesaremainderof4whendividedby6,9,15and18?
A.364
B.350
C.343
D.371
24.Threenumberswhichareco-primetoeachotheraresuchthattheproductofthefirsttwois119and
thatofthelasttwois391.Whatisthesumofthethreenumbers?
A.47
B.43
C.53
D.51
Productoflasttwonumbers=391
Themiddlenumberiscommoninbothoftheseproducts.
Hence if we take HCF of 119 and 391, we get the common
middlenumber
HCFof119and391=17
=>MiddleNumber=17
FirstNumber= 11917=7
LastNumber= 39117=23
Sumofthethreenumbers=7+17+23=47
25.Reduce
7
13
13
C.
14
A.
4329
toitslowestterms
4662
13
B.
17
7
D.
12
4329)4662(1
4329
333)4329(13
4329
0
Hence,HCFof4329and4662=333
4329333=13
4662333=14
Hence
4329
13
=
4662
14
26. What is the greatest number which divides 24, 28 and 34 and leaves the same remainder in each
case?
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4
34-28=6
28-24=4
Hence,thegreatestnumberwhichdivides24,28and34andgivesthesameremainder
=HCFof10,6,4
=2
27.Sixbellsstartringingtogetherandringatintervalsof4,8,10,12,15and20secondsrespectively.
howmanytimeswilltheyringtogetherin60minutes?
A.31
B.15
C.16
D.30
Henceallthesixbellswillringtogetherinevery2minutes
Hence,numberoftimestheywillringtogetherin60minutes
=1+
60
= 31
2
28.Whatistheleastnumberwhichwhendividedby8,12,15and20leavesineachcasearemainderof
5?
A.125
B.117
C.132
D.112
29. The HCF of two numbers is 23 and the other two factors of their LCM are 13 and 14. What is the
largestnumber?
A.312
B.282
C.299
D.322
HCFofthetwonumbers=23
=>HighestCommonFactorinthenumbers=23
SinceHCFwillbealwaysafactorofLCM,23isafactoroftheLCM.
OthertwofactorsintheLCMare13and14.
HencefactorsoftheLCMare23,13,14
So,numberscanbetakenas(2313)and(2314)
=299and322
Hence,largestnumber=322
[Amoredetailedexplanation...
wecantakethenumbersas(2313)and(2314)becauseofthe
followingreasons
HCFisgivenas23.
TheHCFofagroupofnumberswillbealwaysafactoroftheirLCM.
Hence,23isafactoroftheLCM
GiventhatothertwofactorsoftheLCMare13and14.
HencefactorsoftheLCMare23,13,14
Nowassumethatwetakethenumbersare(2313)and(2314).
Ifwewritethenumbersastheproductofprimefactors,
firstnumber=(2313)
secondnumbers=(2314)=(2327)
HCF=productofallcommonprimefactorsusingtheleastpowerofeachcommonprimefactor
=23
LCMistheproductofhighestpowersofallprimefactors
=231327=231314
ClearlywegetHCFas23andthefactorsintheLCMas13,14and23.
Henceeveryconditionsaresatisfied.
30.Whatisthesmallestnumberwhichwhendiminishedby12,isdivisible8,12,22and24?
A.276
B.264
C.272
D.268
1 2
1
, and ?
3 3
4
1
B.
3
1
D.
12
31.WhatistheHCFof
2
3
1
C.
4
A.
HCFforfractions=
HCFofNumerators
LCMofDenominators
ReadMore...
HCFof
HCF(1,2,1)
1 2
1
1
, and =
=
3 3
4
12
LCM(3,3,4)
2 5
4
, and ?
3 6
9
3
B.
20
20
D.
3
32.WhatistheLCMof
3
10
10
C.
3
A.
LCMforfractions=
LCMofNumerators
HCFofDenominators
ReadMore...
LCMof
LCM(2,5,4)
2 5
4
20
, and =
=
3 6
9
3
HCF(3,6,9)
I mportantConceptsandFormulas-Numbers
(DirectlytakemetoHCFandLCM section)
I.
b.
W holeNum bers:0,1,2,3...
c.
I ntegers:-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3...
d.
RationalNum bers
Rationalnumberscanbeexpressedas
Examples:
11 4
8
, , 0 ,
2 2
11
a
whereaandbareintegersand b 0
b
etc.
Allintegers,fractionsandterminatingorrecurringdecimalsarerationalnumbers.
e.
I rrationalNum bers
Anynumberwhichisnotarationalnumberisanirrationalnumber.Inotherwords,anirrational
numberisanumberwhichcannotbeexpressedas
a
whereaandbareintegers.
b
Forinstance,numberswhosedecimalsdonotterminateanddonotrepeatcannotbewrittenasa
fractionandhencetheyareirrationalnumbers.
Example: ,
Please note that the value of = 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399
3751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679...
Wecannot asasimplefraction(Thefraction22/7=3.14....isjustanapproximatevalueof )
f.
RealNum bers
Real numbers include counting numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and
irrationalnumbers.
g.
Surds
Let a be any rational number and n be any positive integer such that n
n a isasurd.
Example:
a is irrational. Then
3 , 6 10 ,4 3 etc
II.
AdditionRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Thesumofanynumberofevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Thesumofevennumberofoddnumbersisalwayseven
3. Thesumofoddnumberofoddnumbersisalwaysodd
SubtractionRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Thedifferenceoftwoevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Thedifferenceoftwooddnumbersisalwayseven
MultiplicationRulesforEvenandOddNum bers
1. Theproductofevennumbersisalwayseven
2. Theproductofoddnumbersisalwaysodd
3. If there is at least one even number multiplied by any number of odd numbers, the product is
alwayseven
III.
Divisib ility
a.
DivisibleBy
Onewholenumberisdivisiblebyanotheriftheremainderwegetafterthedivisioniszero.
Examples
i.
36isdivisibleby4because364=9witharemainderof0.
ii.
36isdivisibleby6because366=6witharemainderof0.
iii.
b.
36isnotdivisibleby5because365=7witharemainderof1.
DivisibilityRules
By using divisibility rules we can easily find out whether a given number is divisible by another
number without actually performing the division. This helps to save time especially when working
withnumbers.
Divisibility
Rule
Description
Ex am ples
Example1:Checkif64isdivisibleby
2.
Divisibility
by2
A number is divisible by 2
ifthelastdigitiseven.i.e.,
ifthelastdigitis0or2or4
or6or8
Thelastdigitof64is4(even).Hence
64isdivisibleby2
Example2:Checkif69isdivisibleby
2.
The last digit of 69 is 9 (not even).
Hence69isnotdivisibleby2
A number is divisible
by 3 if the sum of the
digitsisdivisibleby3
Divisibility
by3
4+2+1=7.
7 is not divisible by 3. Hence 421 is
notdivisibleby3
againifweneed)
Divisibility
by4
A number is divisible by 4
ifthenumberformedbythe
last two digits is divisible
by4.
Divisibility
by5
A number is divisible by 5
ifthelastdigitiseither0or
5.
Divisibility
by6
A number is divisible by 6
if it is divisible by both 2
and3.
Hence633isnotdivisibleby6
Example3: Check if 635 is divisible
by6.
635 is not divisible by 2. 635 is also
not divisible by 3. (Check
thedivisibility rule of 2 and 3 to find
outthis)
Hence635isnotdivisibleby6
Example4: Check if 428 is divisible
by6.
428 is divisible by 2 but 428 is not
divisible by 3.(Check the divisibility
ruleof2and3tofindoutthis)
Hence428isnotdivisibleby6
Example1: Check if 349 is divisible
by7.
Divisibility
by7
Givennumber=349
34-(92)=34-18=16
16 is not divisible by 7. Hence 349 is
notdivisibleby7
Repeatthisprocessuntilwe
get at a smaller number
whose divisibility we
know.
Givennumber=364
36-(42)=36-8=28
28isdivisibleby7.Hence364isalso
divisibleby7
alsodivisibleby8.
Divisibility
by8
A number is divisible by 8
ifthenumberformedbythe
last three digits is divisible
by8.
Divisibility
by9
A number is divisible by 9
if the sum of its digits is
divisibleby9.
(Please note that we can
apply this rule to the
answer again and again if
weneed)
Example2:Checkif47128isdivisible
by9.
4+7+1+2+8=22
22isnotdivisibleby9.Hence47128
isnotdivisibleby9.
Example3: Check if 4975291989 is
divisibleby9.
4+9+7+5+2+9+1+9+8+9=
63
Since 63 is big, we can use the same
methodtoseeifitisdivisibleby9.
6+3=9
9 is divisible by 9. Hence 63 is also
divisibleby9.
Hence4975291989isalsodivisibleby
9.
Example1:Check if 2570 is divisible
by10.
Divisibility
by10
Anumberisdivisibleby10
ifthelastdigitis0.
Lastdigitis0.Hence2570isdivisible
by10.
Example2:Check if 5462 is divisible
by10.
Last digit is not 0. Hence 5462 is not
divisibleby10
Example1:Checkif85136isdivisible
by11.
8+1+6=15
5+3=8
15-8=7
7isnotdivisibleby11.Hence85136
isnotdivisibleby11.
To find out if a number is
divisible by 11, find the
sum of the odd numbered
digits and the sum of the
evennumbereddigits.
Divisibility
by11
Anumberisdivisibleby12
Hence916isnotdivisibleby12
Divisibility
by12
ifthenumberisdivisibleby
both3and4
Repeatthisprocessuntilwe
get at a smaller number
whose divisibility we
know.
If this smaller number is
divisibleby13,theoriginal
number is also divisible by
13.
Divisibility
by14
Anumberisdivisibleby14
if it is divisible by both 2
and7.
by15
555 is divisible by 3 . 555 is also
divisible by 5. (Please check
thedivisibility rule of 3 and 5 to find
outthis)
Hence555isalsodivisibleby15
Divisibility
by15
Anumberisdivisibleby15
If it is divisible by both 3
and5.
Divisibility
by16
Anumberisdivisibleby16
ifthenumberformedbythe
last four digits is divisible
by16.
Divisibility
by18
A number is divisible
by 18 if it is divisible
byboth2and9.
Example1:Checkif74689isdivisible
by19.
GivenNumber=74689
7468+(92)=7468+18=7486
748+(62)=748+12=760
76+(02)=76+0=76
76 is divisible by 19. Hence 74689 is
alsodivisibleby19
Example2:Checkif71234isdivisible
by19.
GivenNumber=71234
7123+(42)=7123+8=7131
713+(12)=713+2=715
71+(52)=71+10=81
81isnotdivisibleby19.Hence71234
isnotdivisibleby19
Example1: Check if 720 is divisible
by20
720 is divisible by 10. (Please check
the divisibility rule of 10 to find out
this).
Thetensdigit=2=evendigit.
Hence720isalsodivisibleby20
Example2:Check if 1340 is divisible
by20
Anumberisdivisibleby20
if it is divisible by 10 and
thetensdigitiseven.
Divisibility
by20
1340isdivisibleby10.(Pleasecheck
the divisibility rule of 10 to find out
this).
Thetensdigit=2=evendigit.
Hence1340isdivisibleby20
Example3:Check if 1350 is divisible
by20
1350isdivisibleby10.(Pleasecheck
the divisibility rule of 10 to find out
both4and5)
this).
But the tens digit = 5 = not an even
digit.
Hence1350isnotdivisibleby20
Example4:Check if 1325 is divisible
by20
1325 is not divisible by 10 (Please
checkthedivisibilityruleof10tofind
out this) though the tens digit = 2 =
evendigit.
Hence1325isnotdivisibleby20
IV.
Factorsofanum ber
Ifonenumberisdivisiblebyasecondnumber,thesecondnumberisafactorofthefirstnumber
Thelowestfactorofanypositivenumber=1
Thehighestfactorofanypositivenumber=thenumberitself
Ex am ple
Thefactorsof36are1,2,3,4,6,912,18,36becauseeachofthesenumbersdivides36witha
remainderof0
b.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(lowestandhighestfactors).
Checkifthegivennumberisdivisibleby2(Reference:Divisibilityby2rule)
Ifthenumberisdivisibleby2,writedown2asthesecondlowestfactoranddividethegiven
numberby2togetthesecondhighestfactor
iii.
Checkfordivisibilityby3,4,5,andsoon.tillthebeginningofthelistreachestheend
Ex am ple1:Findoutthefactorsof72
i.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(72)aslowestandhighestfactors.
1...72
ii.
72isdivisibleby2(Reference:Divisibilityby2Rule).
722=36.Hence2ndlowestfactor=2and2ndhighestfactor=36.Sowecanwriteas
1,2...36,72
iii.
72isdivisibleby3(Reference:Divisibilityby3Rule).
723=24.Hence3rdlowestfactor=3and3rdhighestfactor=24.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,...24,36,72
iv.
72isdivisibleby4(Reference:Divisibilityby4Rule).
724=18.Hence4thlowestfactor=4and4thhighestfactor=18.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,4,...18,24,36,72
v.
vi.
72isnotdivisibleby5(Reference:Divisibilityby5Rule)
72isdivisibleby6(Reference:Divisibilityby6Rule).
726=12.Hence5thlowestfactor=6and5thhighestfactor=12.Sowecanwriteas
1,2,3,4,6,...12,18,24,36,72
vii.
viii.
72isnotdivisibleby7(Reference:Divisibilityby7Rule)
72isdivisibleby8(Reference:Divisibilityby8Rule).
728=9.Hence6thlowestfactor=8and6thhighestfactor=9.
Nowourlistiscompleteandthefactorsof72are
1,2,3,4,6,8,912,18,24,36,72
Ex am ple2:Findoutthefactorsof22
i.
Writedown1andthenumberitself(22)aslowestandhighestfactors
1...22
ii.
22isdivisibleby2(Reference:Divisibilityby2Rule).
222=11.Hence2ndlowestfactor=2and2ndhighestfactor=11.Sowecanwriteas
1,2...11,22
iii.
22isnotdivisibleby3(Reference:Divisibilityby3Rule).
iv.
22isnotdivisibleby4(Reference:Divisibilityby4Rule).
v.
22isnotdivisibleby5(Reference:Divisibilityby5Rule).
vi.
22isnotdivisibleby6(Reference:Divisibilityby6Rule).
vii.
22isnotdivisibleby7(Reference:Divisibilityby7Rule).
viii.
22isnotdivisibleby8(Reference:Divisibilityby8Rule).
ix.
22isnotdivisibleby9(Reference:Divisibilityby9Rule).
x.
22isnotdivisibleby10(Reference:Divisibilityby10Rule).
Nowourlistiscompleteandthefactorsof22are
1,2,11,22
c.
I m portantP ropertiesofFactors
If a number is divisible by another number, then it is also divisible by all the factors of that
number.
Example:108isdivisibleby36because10638=3withremainderof0.
Thefactorsof36are1,2,3,4,6,912,18,36becauseeachofthesenumbersdivides36with
aremainderof0.
Hence,108isalsodivisiblebyeachofthenumbers1,2,3,4,6,9,12,18,36.
V.
b.
VI.
P rim efactor
Thefactorswhichareprimenumbersarecalledprimefactors
b.
P rim efactorization
Prime factorization of a number is the expression of the number as the product of its prime
factors
Ex am ple1:
Prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the
primefactorsof280are2,5and7
Ex am ple2:
Prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime
factorsof72are2and3
c.
Ex am ple2:FindoutPrimefactorizationof72
2 72
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
1
Hence, prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the
primefactorsof72are2and3
d.
I m portantP roperties
Every whole number greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as the product of its prime
factors.Forexample,700=22527
VII.
Multip les
Multiplesofawholenumberaretheproductsofthatnumberwith1,2,3,4,andsoon
Example:Multiplesof3are3,6,9,12,15,...
Ifanumberxdividesanothernumberyexactlywitharemainderof0,wecansaythatxisafactor
ofyandyisamultipleofx
For instance, 4 divides 36 exactly with a remainder of 0. Hence 4 is a factor of 36 and 36 is a
multipleof4
VIII.
LeastCom m onMultiple(LCM)
LeastCommonMultiple(LCM)oftwoormorenumbersisthesmallestnumberthatisamultiple
ofallthenumbers
Example: LCM of 3 and 4 = 12 because 12 is the smallest multiple which is common to 3 and 4
(Inotherwords,12isthesmallestnumberwhichisdivisiblebyboth3and4)
WecanfindoutLCMusingprimefactorizationmethodordivisionmethod
b.
18=232
24=233
9=32
36=2332
90=2532
Step2:LCM=Theproductofhighestpowersofallprimefactors
Heretheprimefactorsare2,3and5
Thehighestpowerof2here=23
Thehighestpowerof3here=32
Thehighestpowerof5here=5
HenceLCM=23325=360
c.
How tofindoutLCMusingDivisionMethod(shortcut)
Step1:Writethegivennumbersinahorizontallineseparatedbycommas.
Step 2 : Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number which can exactly divide at
leasttwoofthegivennumbers.
Step3:Writethequotientsandundividednumbersinalinebelowthefirst.
Step4:Repeattheprocessuntilwereachastagewherenoprimefactoriscommontoanytwo
numbersintherow.
Step5:LCM=Theproductofallthedivisorsandthenumbersinthelastline.
Ex am ple1:FindoutLCMof8and14
2 8,14
4,7
HenceLeastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)of8and14=247=56
Ex am ple2:FindoutLCMof18,24,9,36and90
2 18,24,9,36,90
2 9,12,9,18,45
3 9,6,9,9,45
3 3,2,3,3,15
1,2,1,1,5
HenceLeastcommonmultiple(L.C.M)of18,24,9,36and90=223325=360
IX.
b.
primefactor.
Here2and3arecommonprimefactors.
Theleastpowerof2here=22
Theleastpowerof3here=3
Hence,HCF=223=12
Ex am ple3:FindoutHCFof36,27and80
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors. (Reference: Prime
FactorizationandhowtofindoutPrimeFactorization)
36=2232
27=33
80=245
Step2 : HCF = HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each
commonprimefactor.
Hereyoucanseethattherearenocommonprimefactors.
Hence,HCF=1
c.
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers
exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is exists for the numbers
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=35=15.
Ex am ple2:FindoutHCFof36,24and12
2 36,24,12
2 18,12,6
3 9,6,3
3,2,1
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers
exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is exists for the numbers
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=223=12.
Ex am ple3:FindoutHCFof36,24and48
2 36,24,48
2 18,12,24
3 9,6,12
3,2,4
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers
exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is exists for the numbers
cameatthebottom.
HenceHCF=223=12.
d.
i.
ii.
iii.
numbersalso
Ex am ple1:FindoutHCFof60and75
60)75(1
60
15)60(4
60
0
HenceHCFof60and75=15
Ex am ple2:FindoutHCFof12and48
12)48(4
48
0
HenceHCFof12and48=12
Ex am ple3:FindoutHCFof3556and3224
3224)3556(1
3224
332)3224(9
2988
236)332(1
236
96)236(2
192
44)96(2
88
8)44(5
40
4)8(2
8
0
HenceHCFof3556and3224=4
Ex am ple3:FindoutHCFof9,27,and48
TakenanytwonumbersandfindouttheirHCFfirst.Say,let'sfindoutHCFof9and27initially.
9)27(3
27
0
HenceHCFof9and27=9
HCFof9,27,48=HCFof[(HCFof9,27)and48]=HCFof[9and48]
9)48(5
45
3)9(3
9
0
Hence,HCFof9,27,48=3
Ex am ple4:FindoutHCFof5and7
5)7(1
5
2)5(2
4
1)2(2
2
0
HenceHCFof5and7=1
X.
LCMforfractions=
LCMofNumerators
HCFofDenominators
Exam ple1:FindoutLCMof
LCM=
LCM(1,3,3)
3
=
2
HCF(2,8,4)
Exam ple2:FindoutLCMof
LCM=
1 3 3
, ,
2 8 4
LCM(2,3)
6
=
5
HCF(5,10)
2 3
,
5 10
XI.
HCFforfractions=
HCFofNumerators
LCMofDenominators
Exam ple1:FindoutHCFof
HCF=
HCF(3,6,9)
3
=
220
LCM(5,11,20)
Exam ple2:FindoutHCFof
HCF=
XII.
3 6
9
,
,
5 11 20
4 2
,
5 3
HCF(4,2)
2
=
15
LCM(5,3)
XIII.
H ow tocomp arefractions?
a.
3
1
and
5
5
Thesefractionshavesamedenominator.Sojustcomparethenumerators.Biggerthenumerator,
biggerthenumber.
3>1.Hence
3
1
>
5
5
Ex am ple2:Compare
2
3
8
and and
7
7
7
Thesefractionshavesamedenominator.Sojustcomparethenumerators.Biggerthenumerator,
biggerthenumber.
8>3>2.Hence
b.
8
3
2
>
>
7
7
7
3
3
and
5
8
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the
denominator,smallerthenumber.
8>5.Hence
3
3
<
8
5
Ex am ple2:Compare
7
7
7
and and
8
2
5
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the
denominator,smallerthenumber.
8>5>2.Hence
c.
7
7
7
<
<
8
5
2
3
4
and
5
7
Tocomparesuchfractions,findoutLCMofthedenominators.Here,LCM(5,7)=35
Now , convert each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction with 35 (LCM) as the
denominator.
Thedenominatorof
3
37
21
=
=
5
57
35
3
is5.5needstobemultipliedwith7toget35.Hence,
5
Thedenominatorof
4
is7.7needstobemultipliedwith5toget35.Hence,
7
4
45
20
=
=
7
75
35
21
20
>
35
35
Hence,
3
4
>
5
7
Or
Convertthefractionstodecimals
3
= .6
5
4
= .5. . .
7
(Neednotfindoutthecompletedecimalvaluejustfindoutuptowhatisrequiredfor
comparison.Inthiscasethefirstdigititselfissufficienttodothecomparison)
.6>.5...
Hence,
XIV.
3
4
>
5
7
If a number is divisible by more than two pairwise co-prime numbers, then the number is divisible
bytheirproductalso.
Example1:Thenumbers3,4,5arepairwiseco-primebecauseHCFofanypairofnumbersinthis
is1
1440isdivisibleby3,4and5.
345=60.Hence1440isalsodivisibleby60
Example2
Thenumbers3,4,9arenotpairwiseco-primebecauseHCF(3,9)=31
1440isdivisibleby3,4and9.
3X4X9=108.However1440isnotdivisibleby108as3,4,9arenotpairwiseco-prime
XV.
Productoftwonumbers=ProductoftheirHCFandLCM.
Example
LCM(8,14)=56
HCF(8,14)=2
LCM(8,14)HCF(8,14)=562=112
814=112
HenceLCM(8,14)HCF(8,14)=814
sin =
opposite side y
=
hypotenuse
r
cos =
adjacent side x
=
hypotenuse
r
tan =
opposite side y
=
adjacent side x
csc =
hypotenuse
r
=
opposite side y
sec =
hypotenuse
r
=
adjacent side x
cot =
adjacent side x
=
opposite side y
x2 + y 2 = r 2
in degrees in radians
sin
cos tan
30
1
2
3
2
45
60
3
2
1
2
90
Not defined
1
3
1
3. Trigonometric Formulas
Degrees to Radians and vice versa
360 = 2radian
tan =
sin
cos
cot =
cos
sin
csc =
1
sin
sec =
1
cos
cot =
1
tan
sin2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan 2 = 1
csc2 cot2 = 1
4. Angle of Elevation
AOP
5. Angle of Depression
AOP
BD
AB
DC
AC
(Note that an angle bisector divides the angle into two angles with
equal measures.
i.e.,
BAD =
2 = 1.414
3 = 1.732
5 = 2.236
1. Two ships are sailing in the sea on the two sides of a lighthouse. The angle of elevation of the top of
the lighthouse is observed from the ships are 30 and 45 respectively. If the lighthouse is 100 m high, the
distance between the two ships is:
A. 300 m
B. 173 m
C. 273 m
D. 200 m
BAD = 30 ,
BCD = 45
BD
BA
1
100
=
3 BA
tan 30 =
BA = 100 3
BD
BC
100
1=
BC
BC = 100
tan 45 =
2. A man standing at a point P is watching the top of a tower, which makes an angle of elevation of 30
with the man's eye. The man walks some distance towards the tower to watch its top and the angle of
the elevation becomes 45. What is the distance between the base of the tower and the point P?
3 3 units
A. 9 units
B.
C. Data inadequate
D. 12 units
SR
QR
SR
SR
tan 30 =
=
PR
(PQ + QR)
tan 45 =
3. From a point P on a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top tower is 30. If the tower is 200 m
high, the distance of point P from the foot of the tower is:
A. 346 m
B. 400 m
C. 312 m
D. 298 m
RQ
PQ
1
200
=
3 PQ
PQ = 200 3 = 200 1.73 = 346 m
tan 30 =
4. The angle of elevation of the sun, when the length of the shadow of a tree is equal to the height of the
tree, is:
A. None of these
B. 60
C. 45
D. 30
QPR =
tan =
QR
=1
PQ
=> = 45
(since QR = PQ)
5. An observer 2 m tall is 10 3 m away from a tower. The angle of elevation from his eye to the top of
the tower is 30. The height of the tower is:
A. None of these
B. 12 m
C. 14 m
D. 10 m
SR = PQ = 2 m
PS = QR = 10 3 m
TS
tan 30 =
PS
1
TS
=
3 10 3
10 3
TS =
= 10 m
3
TR = TS + SR = 10 + 2 = 12 m
6. The angle of elevation of a ladder leaning against a wall is 60 and the foot of the ladder is 12.4 m
away from the wall. The length of the ladder is:
A. 14.8 m
B. 6.2 m
C. 12.4 m
D. 24.8 m
cos 60 =
PQ
PR
1 12.4
=
2
PR
PR = 2 12.4 = 24.8 m
7. A man on the top of a vertical observation tower observers a car moving at a uniform speed coming
directly towards it. If it takes 8 minutes for the angle of depression to change from 30 to 45, how soon
after this will the car reach the observation tower?
A. 8 min 17 second
B. 10 min 57 second
C. 14 min 34 second
D. 12 min 23 second
ADC = 30 ,
ACB = 45
Let AB = h, BC = x, CD = y
tan 45 =
AB h
=
BC
x
h
x
=> h = x ------(1)
=> 1 =
AB
AB
h
=
=
BD (BC + CD)
x+y
1
h
=>
=
3 x+y
=> x + y = 3h
=> y = 3h - x
=> y = 3h h ( Substituted the value of x from equation 1 )
=> y = h( 3 1)
tan 30 =
h( 3 1) 8
h t
---(A)
--- (B)
(A)
h( 3 1)
8
=>
=
h
t
(B)
8
=> ( 3 1) =
t
8
8
8
800
=> t =
=
=
=
minutes
.73
73
(1.73 1)
( 3 1)
70
= 10
minutes 10 minutes 57 seconds
73
8. A man is watching from the top of a tower a boat speeding away from the tower. The boat makes an
angle of depression of 45 with the man's eye when at a distance of 100 metres from the tower. After 10
seconds, the angle of depression becomes 30. What is the approximate speed of the boat, assuming that
it is running in still water?
A. 26.28 km/hr
B. 32.42 km/hr
C. 24.22 km/hr
D. 31.25 km/hr
ACB = 45 ,
AB
BC
AB
=> 1 =
100
=> AB = 100
ADC = 30 , BC = 100 m
tan 45 =
------(1)
AB
BD
1
100
=>
=
( Substituted the value of AB from equation 1)
3 BD
=> BD = 100 3
CD = (BD - BC) = (100 3 100) = 100( 3 1)
tan 30 =
100( 3 1)
Distance
=
= 10(1.73 1) = 7.3 meter/seconds
Time
10
18
km/hr = 26.28 km/hr
5
9. The top of a 15 metre high tower makes an angle of elevation of 60 with the bottom of an electronic
pole and angle of elevation of 30 with the top of the pole. What is the height of the electric pole?
A. 5 metres
B. 8 metres
C. 10 metres
D. 12 metres
ADB = 30,
AEC = 60
Let DE = h
Then, BC = DE = h, AB = (15-h) ( AC=15 and BC = h), BD = CE
AC
CE
15
=> 3 =
CE
15
=> CE =
3
tan 60 =
--- (1)
AB
BD
15 h
=
BD
15 h
=
15
(
)
3
tan 30 =
1
3
1
=>
3
=>
=> (15 h) =
15
3 3
=> h = 15 5 = 10 m
15
=5
3
10. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a certain point is 30. If the observer moves 40 m
towards the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower increases by 15. The height of the
tower is:
A. 64.2 m
B. 62.2 m
C. 52.2 m
D. 54.6 m
DAC = 30,
DBC = 45
Let DC = h
DC
AC
1
h
=>
=
3 AC
=> AC = h 3
tan 30 =
DC
BC
h
=> 1 =
BC
=> BC = h
------(1)
tan 45 =
------(2)
=> 40 = (h 3 h)
=> 40 = h( 3 1)
( 3 + 1)
40( 3 + 1)
40
40
=
=
(3 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 + 1)
40( 3 + 1)
=
= 20( 3 + 1) = 20(1.73 + 1) = 20 2.73 = 54.6 m
2
=> h =
11. On the same side of a tower, two objects are located. Observed from the top of the tower, their
angles of depression are 45 and 60. If the height of the tower is 600 m, the distance between the
objects is approximately equal to :
A. 272 m
B. 284 m
C. 288 m
D. 254 m
DC
BC
600
3=
BC
600
BC=
3
DAC = 45,
DBC = 60
tan 60 =
tan 45 =
600
AC
AC= 600
------ (1)
DC
AC
1=
------ (2)
1
31
31
3 600 3( 3 1)
] = 600 [
] = 600 [
]
=
3
3
3
3
3
12. A ladder 10 m long just reaches the top of a wall and makes an angle of 60 with the wall.Find the
distance of the foot of the ladder from the wall ( 3 = 1.73)
A. 4.32 m
B. 17.3 m
C. 5 m
D. 8.65 m
BAC = 60
BC
BA
3 BC
=
2
10
3
BC = 10
= 5 1.73 = 8.65 m
2
sin 60 =
13. From a tower of 80 m high, the angle of depression of a bus is 30. How far is the bus from the tower?
A. 40 m
B. 138.4 m
C. 46.24 m
D. 160 m
tan 30 =
DAB = 30
DAB = 30
( Because DA || BC)
AC
BC
80
BC
80
=> BC =
=
tan 30
=> tan 30 =
80
1
(
)
3
= 80 1.73 = 138.4 m
i.e., Distance of the bus from the foot of the tower = 138.4 m
14. The angle of elevation of the top of a lighthouse 60 m high, from two points on the ground on its
opposite sides are 45 and 60. What is the distance between these two points?
A. 45 m
B. 30 m
C. 103.8 m
D. 94.6 m
BCD = 60
BD
BA
60
1=
BA
BA = 60 m
tan 45 =
------ (1)
BD
BC
60
3=
BC
60
60 3
60 3
BC =
=
=
= 20 3 = 20 1.73 = 34.6 m
3
3 3 3
tan 60 =
------ (2)
15. From the top of a hill 100 m high, the angles of depression of the top and bottom of a pole are 30 and
60 respectively. What is the height of the pole?
A. 52 m
B. 50 m
C. 66.67 m
D. 33.33 m
ADB = 30
( AX || BD )
XAE =
AEC = 60
( AX || CE)
Let DE = h
Then, BC = DE = h, AB = (100-h)
= CE
AC
CE
100
=> 3 =
CE
100
=> CE =
3
tan 60 =
AB
BD
100 h
=
BD
100 h
=
100
(
)
3
--- (1)
tan 30 =
1
3
1
=>
3
=>
1
100 100
=
= 33.33
3
3 3
=> h = 100 33.33 = 66.67 m
=> (100 h) =
16. A vertical tower stands on ground and is surmounted by a vertical flagpole of height 18 m. At a point
on the ground, the angle of elevation of the bottom and the top of the flagpole are 30 and 60
respectively. What is the height of the tower?
A. 9 m
B. 10.40 m
C. 15.57 m
D. 12 m
ABC = 60,
Let DC be h.
DC
BC
1
h
=
3 BC
BC
h=
------ (1)
3
tan 30 =
AC
BC
18 + h
3=
BC
18+h = BC 3
tan 60 =
------ (2)
DBC = 30
BC
3
(1)
h
=>
=
18 + h
(2)
(BC 3)
1
3
=> 3h = 18 + h
=> 2h = 18
=> h = 9 m
i.e., the height of the tower = 9 m
17. A balloon leaves the earth at a point A and rises vertically at uniform speed. At the end of 2 minutes,
John finds the angular elevation of the balloon as 60. If the point at which John is standing is 150 m away
from point A, what is the speed of the balloon?
A. 0.63 meter/sec
B. 2.16 meter/sec
C. 3.87 meter/sec
D. 0.72 meter/sec
BA
CA
BA
3=
150
BA = 150 3
tan 60 =
BCA = 60
18. The angles of depression and elevation of the top of a wall 11 m high from top and bottom of a tree
are 60 and 30 respectively. What is the height of the tree?
A. 22 m
B. 44 m
C. 33 m
D. None of these
DBC = 30,
DC
BC
1
11
=
3 BC
BC = 11 3 m
AE = BC =11 3 m
DAE = 60, DC = 11 m
tan 30 =
------ (1)
ED
AE
ED
3=
[ Substituted the value of AE from (1)]
11 3
ED =11 3 3 = 11 3 = 33
tan 60 =
19. Two vertical poles are 200 m apart and the height of one is double that of the other. From the middle
point of the line joining their feet, an observer finds the angular elevations of their tops to be
complementary. Find the heights of the poles.
A. 141 m and 282 m
C. 65 m and 130 m
ABE,
AB
BE
h
tan =
100
h = 100 tan
------ (1)
EDC,
tan =
tan(90 ) =
CD
ED
2h
100
2h = 100 cot
cot =
[ tan(90 ) = cot ]
------ (2)
1
= 1]
tan
=> 2h = 100
100 100 2
=> h =
=
= 50 2 = 50 1.41 = 70.5
2
22
2h = 2 70.5 = 141
i.e., the height of the poles are 70.5 m and 141 m.
20. To a man standing outside his house, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of a window are
60 and 45 respectively. If the height of the man is 180 cm and he is 5 m away from the wall, what is the
length of the window?
A. 8.65 m
B. 2 m
C. 2.5 m
D. 3.65 m
CAF = 60
tan 45 =
DF
5
DF = 5
AFD,
DF
AF
1=
------ (1)
AFC,
CF
AF
CF
3=
5
CF = 5 3
------ (2)
tan 60 =
= 5 3 5
21. The elevation of the summit of a mountain from its foot is 45. After ascending 2 km towards the
mountain upon an incline of 30,the elevation changes to 60. What is the approximate height of the
mountain?
A. 1.2 km
B. 0.6 km
C. 1.4 km
D. 2.7 km
CAB = 45
DAY = 30
CDE = 60
CB
AB
x
=> 1 =
AB
=> AB = x
ABC,
tan 45 =
DY
AD
1 DY
=> =
( Given that AD = 2)
2
2
=> DY = 1
------ (eq:2)
AY
cos 30 =
AD
3 AY
=>
=
( Given that AD = 2)
2
2
=> AY = 3
------ (eq:3)
sin 30 =
tan 60 =
CED,
CE
DE
(CB - EB)
YB
(CB - DY)
=> tan 60 =
(AB - AY)
(x - 1)
=> tan 60 =
(x - 3)
(x - 1)
=> 3 =
(x - 3)
=> tan 60 =
=> x 3 3 = x 1
=> x( 3 1) = 2
=> 0.73x = 2
2
=> x =
= 2.7
0.73
i.e., the height of the mountain = 2.7 km
22. Two persons are on either sides of a tower of height 50 m. The persons observers the top of the
tower at an angle of elevation of 30 and 60. If a car crosses these two persons in 10 seconds, what is
the speed of the car?
24 3 km/hr
24
C.
km/hr
3
A.
B. None of these
D.
20 3
km/hr
3
BAD = 30 ,
BCD = 60
ABD,
BD
BA
1
50
=
3 BA
BA = 50 3
tan 30 =
BD
BC
50
3=
BC
50
50 3
50 3
BC =
=
=
3
3 3 3
tan 60 =
= 50 3 +
50 3
50
200 3
)=
= 3 (50 +
m
3
3
3
Distance
=
Time
200 3
)
3
20 3 18
km/hr = 24 3 km/hr
3
5
10
200 3
m
3
20 3
meter/second
3
23. Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole of 18 m height is
A. 30
B. 60
C. 45
D. None of these
6 3 m long?
RPQ =
PQR,
RQ
18
3
33
3 3
=
=
=
=
=3
PQ
3
6 3
3 3 3
= tan 1 ( 3) = 60
tan =
24. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from a point on the ground is
3
sin 1 ( ) . If the point
5
of observation is 20 meters away from the foot of the tower, what is the height of the tower?
A. 9 m
B. 18 m
C. 15 m
D. 12 m
3
3
[i.e., = sin 1 ( )]
5
5
=> PQ = PR 2 QR2
( Pythagorean theorem)
= 52 32 = 4
3
i.e., when = sin 1 ( ) , PQ : QR = 4 : 3
------(eq:1)
5
3
Given that = sin 1 ( ) and PQ = 20 m
5
We know that PQ : QR = 4 : 3
(From eq:1)
i.e., 20 : QR = 4 : 3
=> 20 3 = QR 4
=> QR = 15 m
i.e., height of the tower = 15 m
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------
3
Given that = sin 1 ( ) and PQ = 20 m
5
Let the height of the tower, QR = h and PR = x
From the right
sin =
PQR,
QR
PR
3
h
=> sin [sin 1 ( )] =
5
x
3
h
=> =
5
x
5h
=> x =
------ (eq:1)
3
From Pythagorean theorem, we have
PQ 2 + QR2 = PR 2
202 + h 2 = x2
5h
202 + h 2 = ( )
3
25h 2
20 + h =
9
2
16h
= 202
9
4h
= 20
3
3 20
h=
= 15 m
4
2
25. A person, standing exactly midway between two towers, observes the top of the two towers at angle
of elevation of 22.5 and 67.5. What is the ratio of the height of the taller tower to the height of the
shorter tower? (Given that tan 22.5 =
2 1)
1 2 2 : 1
C. 3 + 2 2 : 1
1 + 2 2 : 1
D. 3 2 2 : 1
A.
B.
DCE = 67.5
tan 22.5 =
AB
BC
tan 67.5 =
ED
CD
ABC,
------ (eq:1)
CDE,
------ (eq:2)
(eq:2)
(eq:1)
=>
tan 67.5
=
tan 22.5
=>
tan(90 22.5)
tan 22.5
=>
cot 22.5
ED
=
tan 22.5
AB
1
)
tan 22.5
=>
tan 22.5
(
ED
)
CD
AB
(
)
BC
ED
AB
( CD = BC )
ED
AB
[ tan(90-)= cot ]
ED
AB
ED
1
=> i.e.,
=
AB (tan 22.5)
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
( 2 1)( 2 + 1)
1
]
tan
[ cot =
1
( 2 1)
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
(2 1)
= (2 + 2 2 + 1) = (3 + 2 2)
Required Ratio = ED : AB = (3 + 2 2) : 1
1
)
=(
21
( 2 + 1)
]
=[
1
= ( 2 + 1)
26. A flagstaff is placed on top of a building. The flagstaff and building subtend equal angles at a point on
level ground which is 200 m away from the foot of the building. If the height of the flagstaff is 50 m and
the height of the building is h, which of the following is true?
A. h3 - 50h2 + (200)2h + (200)250 = 0
B. None of these
ABC = 2
tan =
BCD,
DC
h
=
BC
200
BCA,
------ (eq: 1)
tan 2 =
=>
AC
AD + DC
50 + h
=
=
BC
200
200
2 tan
50 + h
=
200
1 tan 2
2(
=>
h
)
200
[ tan(2) =
50 + h
200
2 tan
]
1 tan 2
2002
=> 2h = (1
h2
2002
=> 2h = 50 + h
) (50 + h)
50h 2
2002
h3
2002
27. From the foot and the top of a building of height 230 m, a person observes the top of a tower with
angles of elevation of b and a respectively. What is the distance between the top of these buildings if tan
a = 5/12 and tan b = 4/5
A. 400 m
B. 250 m
C. 600 m
D. 650 m
ADC = b,
AEB = a
top of these
ABE,
AB
BE
(h-230)
5
=>
=
[ tan a = 5/12 (given), AB = (AC-BC) = (AC-ED) = (h-230) ]
12
BE
12(h-230)
=> BE =
------ (eq: 1)
5
tan (a) =
AC
CD
4
h
=> =
5 CD
5h
=> CD =
4
ACD,
tan (b) =
12(h-230)
5h
=
(from eq: 1 and eq:2)
5
4
=> 48h (4 12 230) = 25h
=> 23h = (4 12 230)
(4 12 230)
=> h =
= 480 m
------ (eq: 3)
23
=>
ABE
AB = (AC - BC)
= (480 - 230)
[ Since AC = h = 480(from eq:3) and BC =
ED = 230 m(given) ]
= 250 m
In this triangle, tan(a) = 5/12. Let's figure out the value of
sin(a) now.
hypotenuse = 52 + 122 = 13
opposite side
5
i.e., sin(a) =
=
hypotenuse
13
We have seen that sin(a) =
=>
AB
5
=
13
AE
=> AE = AB
5
13
13
13
= 250
= 650 m
5
5
28. A vertical pole fixed to the ground is divided in the ratio 1:9 by a mark on it with lower part shorter
than the upper part. If the two parts subtend equal angles at a place on the ground, 15 m away from the
base of the pole, what is the height of the pole?
60 5 m
C. 15 3 m
A.
15 5 m
D. 60 3 m
B.
CAD =
BAD =
BD
AB
=
DC
AC
1
15
=> =
[ BD : DC = 1 : 9 and AB = 15(given) ]
9 AC
AC = 15 9 m
------ (eq: 1)
From the right
ABC,
2
= (15 9) 152 [ AC = 15 9 (eq:1) and AB = 15 m (given) ]
2
2
2
= 152 16 5 = 15 4 5 = 60 5 m
29. An aeroplane when 900 m high passes vertically above another aeroplane at an instant when their
angles of elevation at same observing point are 60 and 45 respectively. Approximately, how many
meters higher is the one than the other?
A. 381 m
B. 169 m
C. 254 m
D. 211 m
ABC,
CAB = 60,
DAB = 45
CB
AB
900
3=
AB
900 900 3
900 3
AB =
=
=
= 300 3
3
33
3
tan 60 =
tan 45 =
ABD,
DB
AB
DB
AB
DB = AB = 300 3
1=
30. When the sun's altitude changes from 30 to 60, the length of the shadow of a tower decreases by
70m. What is the height of the tower?
A. 35 m
B. 140 m
C. 60.6 m
D. 20.2 m
ABD = 30,
ACD = 60,
Let CD = x, AD = h
From the right
tan 60 =
3=
h
x
CDA,
AD
CD
------ (eq :1)
AD
BD
1
h
=
3 70 + x
BDA,
tan 30 =
eq :1
=>
eq :2
3
(
1
)
3
70 + x
x
=> 2x = 70
=> x = 35
=> 3 =
h
35
=> h = 35 3 = 35 1.73 = 60.55 60.6
3=
1.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
2.
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3.
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
4.
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
5.
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b + b = a 3 + 3ab(a + b) + b
6.
(a b) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3a b2 b3 = a 3 3ab(a b) b3
7.
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
8.
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
9.
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
(Distributive Law)
10.
11.
2
2
(a + b + c) = a 2 + b + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
12.
(a + b)(a + c) = a 2 + (b + c)a + bc
1.
a n = a. a. a ... (n times)
2.
a m . a n . . . a p = a m+n+...+p
3.
a m . a n = a m+n
4.
am
= a mn
an
5.
(a m ) = amn = (a n )
6.
(ab) n = an bn
7.
a
( )
b
8.
a n =
9.
an =
an
bn
1
an
1
a n
10.
a 0 = 1 where a R, a 0
11.
q p
a p/q =
a
12.
13.
if a n = bn where n 0, then a = b
1.
(x + a ) = x 2 + 2ax + a 2
2.
(x a ) = x 2 2ax + a 2
3.
(x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
4.
x 2 a 2 = (x a)(x + a)
5.
6.
7.
8.
(a + b)
= a n + na n1 b +
a n3 b3 + +
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
anr br + + bn
n
n
n
n
n
n
= ( ) a n + ( ) a n1 b + ( ) a n2 b2 + ( ) an3 b3 + + ( ) a nr br + + ( ) bn
0
1
2
3
r
n
n
n nr r
= ( )a b
r
r=0
n
where ( ) is known as Binomial Coefficient and is defined by
r
n
n!
( )=
r
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
n
where r = 1,2,...,n and ( ) = 1
0
Binomial Coefficient also occurs in many other mathematical areas than algebra, especially in combinatorics where
( nr ) represents the number of combinations of n distinct things taking r at a time and is denoted by nCr or C(n,r).
The properties of binomial coefficients have led to extending its meaning beyond the basic case where n and r are
nonnegative integers with r n; such expressions are also called binomial coefficients.
(a + b) = 1
1
(a + b) = a + b
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3
4
(a + b) = a 4 + 4a 3 b + 6 a2 b + 4a b + b
... and so on
(1 + x)
= 1 + nx +
n(n 1)
n(n 1)(n 2)
x2 +
2!
3!
x3 +
n
n
n
n
= ( ) x 0 + ( ) x 1 + ( ) x2 + ( ) x 3 +
0
1
2
3
n
= ( ) xr
r
r=0
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
n
where ( ) =
r
r!
II.
n
where r 1 and ( ) = 1
0
Surds
Let
a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is called a surd of order n.
Examples :
3 is a surd of order 2
7 is a surd of order 3
3
4 3 is a surd of order 2
Please note that numbers like
3
9 , 27 etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
Every surd is an irrational number. But every irrational number is not a surd. (eg :
are irrational numbers.)
ii.
Quadratic Surds
iii.
2, 3, (3 + 5), etc.
Rules of Surds
1.
2.
m n = mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
a. a. a n times = a 2
4.
a. a. a = a
5.
if
1.
2.
a
= p, then p(p 1) = a
a + a +
a + b = ( a b)
a + b= c+ d
i.e., rational part on the left side = rational part on the right side.
and irrational part on the left side = irrational part on the right side.
3.
III.
a + b= d ,
A quadratic equation can be written as (general form or standard form of quadratic equation)
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
Example :
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
a0
There are many methods to solve Quadratic equations. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, completing the
square, graphing, Newton's method, and using the quadratic formula. We can go through some of the popular methods for
solving quadratic equations here.
1.
Factoring is one of the fastest ways for solving quadratic equations. The concept will be clear from the following
examples.
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
Step 2 : Factor the left side of the equation.
We know that
Assume
x 2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)
x 2 + 3x 10 = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
x 2 + 3x 10 = (x + 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x + 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x + 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = -5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = -5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = -5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
Hence,
x 2 7x + 10 = (x 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x 5)(x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = 5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
are x = 5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = 5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3x 2 8 = 24x 2
2. We got product as 24x2 and have middle term as -14x. From this , it is clear that we can take -12x and -2x such
that their sum is -14x and product is 24x2
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
= 3x
(x 4)(3x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 4) = 0 or (3x - 2) = 0
=> x = 4 or
2
.
3
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
6x 2 12 = 72x 2
2. We got product as 72x2 and have middle term as -17x. From this , it is clear that we can take -8x and -9x such that
their sum is -17x and product is 72x2
Hence,
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
(3x 4)(2x 3) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(3x - 4)(2x - 3) = 0
=> (3x - 4) = 0 or (2x - 3) = 0
=> x =
4
3
or
.
3
2
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 6x 17x + 12 = 0
3
2
x2 9 = 0
We know that
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
x 2 9 = x 2 32 = (x 3)(x + 3)
Hence,
x2 9 = 0
(x 3)(x + 3) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
=> x = 3 or -3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
are x = 3 and x = -3
(In other words, x = 3 and x = -3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0
(5x 4)(5x + 4) = 0
Step 3 : Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(5x - 4)(5x + 4) = 0
=>5x = 4 or -4
x=
4
4
.
or
5
5
25x 2 16 = 0
are x =
4
4
and x =
5
5
4
4
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 25x 16 = 0
5
5
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
+ 6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a2
+ 2ab + b2
a 2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)
where a = x and b = 3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 = (x + 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3) 2 = 0
Step 3 :
(x + 3) 2 = 0
=> x + 3 = 0
=> x = -3
Hence, the solution of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is x = -3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a
2ab + b2
a 2 2ab + b2 = (a b) 2
where a = x and b = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = x 2 2 x 3 + 32 = (x 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
2
(x 3) = 0
Step 3 :
2
(x 3) = 0
=> x - 3 = 0
=> x = 3
Hence, the solution of the quadratic equation
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
2.
is x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
wherea
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
Example1 : Solve the Quadratic Equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
3 7
2
4
10
or
2
2
3 32 4 1 (10)
21
9
+ 40
3
2
= 2 or 5
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = 2 and x = -5
(In other words, x = 2 and x = -5 are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
7 9
73
=
2
2
10
4
or
2
2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
7 (7) 4 1 10
21
7 49 40
2
= 5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
are x = 5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = 5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
2
b b 4ac
x=
2a
14 100
14 10
=
6
6
24
4
or
6
6
= 4 or
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
2
14 (14) 4 3 8
23
x 2 7x + 10 = 0)
14 196 96
6
2
3
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
17 1
17 1
=
12
12
18
16
or
12
12
3
4
or
2
3
2
17 (17) 4 6 12
26
6 4
2
17 289 288
12
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 6x 17x + 12 = 0
3
2
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
6 (6) 4 1 10
21
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
6 36 40
=
2
6 2i
2
= 3 i
= (3 + i) or (3 i)
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
(In other words, x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i) are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
2
6 (6) 4 1 9
21
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
=
6 (36 36
21
6 0
6
=
2
2
= 3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
(In other words,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is
x = 3
x2 9 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
0 (0) 2 4 1 (9)
21
36
2
6
2
= 3 or 3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
are x = 3 and x = -3
(In other words, x = 3 and x = -3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
4ac
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
If the discriminant is positive, there will be two real solutions for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is 0, there will be one real solution (it repeats itself) for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is negative, there will be two complex solutions for the quadratic equation.
Ex am ple1 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D > 0. Hence
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 (x 3)(x 4) = 0 x = 3 or 4.
Yes, two real roots we got.
Ex am ple2 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D = 0. Hence
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
4ac = (42 ) (4 1 4) = 16 16 = 0.
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
x 2 4x + 4 = 0 (x 2) 2 = 0 x = 2
Yes, real root (it repeats itself).
Ex am ple3 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D < 0. Hence
x2 + 1 = 0
4ac = (02 ) (4 1 1) = 0 4 = 4
x2 + 1 = 0
x2 + 1 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
0 02 4 1 1
4
2 i
04
=
=
=
=
=i
21
2
2
2
Let
x1 + x2 =
b
a
x1 x2 =
c
a
Ex am ple 1: Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
sum of the roots=
b
7
= =7
a
1
c 10
=
= 10
a
1
Ex am ple 2: Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
sum of the roots=
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
b
3
=
a
2
c 1
=
a 2
2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
Definition of i
1.
i = 1
i 2 = 1
i 3 = i
2.
i4 = 1
and i = 1
a is the real part of the complex number and b is the imaginary part of the complex number.
3.
if z =
of z.
4.
a + ib
is a complex number, a is called the real part of z and b is called the imaginary part
4+
i2
= 4 i2
z = x + iy
i2
=
4
and
can be defined as
4 + 2i
5.
Example :
6.
a + ib = 0 , then a = b = 0
7.
a + ib = x + iy
, then
a = x and b = y
z = x iy
2
2
| x + iy | = x 2 + y 2
9.
ei = cos + i sin
(Euler Formula)
A complex number when written in the form a + ib , it is in the rectangular (Cartesian) form
11.
ei = cos + i sin
(Euler Formula)
= 1,
12.
1/3
1 + i 3
1 i 3
,
2
2
= 1, w, w2 where w =
1 + i 3
2
iii.
w=
1 + 3i
1 3i
, w2 =
2
2
1 + w + w2 = 0
v.
1
1
= w2 and 2 = w
w
w
w3 = 1
14.
II.
(1)
1/4
A complex number
z = x + iy
where r = |z| = x 2 + y 2
(note that r 0 and and r = modulus or absolute value or
magnitude of the complex number)
y
= arg z = tan 1 ( )
x
real axis.)
is called the argument of z. it should be noted that 2 n + is also an argument of z where
n = 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3,
. Note that while there can be many values for the argument,
we will normally select the smallest positive value)
Please note that we need to make sure that is in the correct quadrant. i.e., should be in the
same quadrant where the complex number is located in the complex plane. This will be clear from
the next topic where we will go through various examples to convert complex numbers between
polar form and rectangular form. It is strongly recommended to go through those examples to get
the concept clear.
x = r cos
y = r sin
If <
radian)
have
already
z = r(cos + i sin )
seen that
in
polar form ,
expressed as
e = cos + i sin
z = r ei
(Note that is in
While there may be many values of satisfying this, we will normally select the smallest positive
value.
From Cartesian form, complex form and exponential form, a complex number can be expressed as
Note that radians and degrees are two units for measuring angles.
360 = 2 radian
III.
How to Convert Complex Numbers from R ectangular Form to P olar Form and
Exponential Form
1.
Example 1 : Convert
z = 1 + i 3
to polar form
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = 12 + ( 3) =
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3) =
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
3
Here the complex number is in first quadrant in the complex plane. The angle we got,
the first quadrant .Hence we select this value.
Hence, the polar form is
is also in
3
z = 2( ) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
3
3
3
i
. 3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r ei = 2e
.
(Please
note
that
all
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
exponential forms also)
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
2.
Example 2 : Convert
z = 1 + i 3
to polar form
2
2
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (1) + ( 3) =
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
quadrant. We know that should be in second quadrant because the complex number is in second
quadrant in the complex plane.
2
+ =
which is in second quadrant and also meets the condition
3
3
( 3) . Hence we take that value.
Hence
= tan 1
z = 2(2
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin (2 )]
3
3
3
i 2
i
3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r e = 2e
(Please
note
that
all
possible
2
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
3.
Example 3 : Convert
z = 1 i 3
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (1) + ( 3)
= 1+3 = 4 = 2
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
is one value of which meets the condition = tan 1 ( 3) . But it is in first quadrant.
3
We know that should be in third quadrant because the complex number is in third quadrant in
the complex plane.
Hence
4
+ =
3
3
= tan 1 ( 3) .
z = 2(4
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin (4 )]
3
3
3
i 4
3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r ei = 2e
(Please
note
that
all
possible
4
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
4.
Example 4 : Convert
z = 1 i 3
to polar form
2
2
2 + y 2
x
(1
)
+
(
3
)
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
r = |z| =
=
=
y
3
) = tan 1 ( 3)
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 (
x
1
Here
is one value of which meets the condition and also in the fourth quadrant. The
3
complex number is also in fourth quadrant. However we will normally select the smallest positive
value for .
Hence
5
+ 2 =
3
3
= tan 1 ( 3)
z = 2(
5
5
5
) = 2 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
3
3
3
i 5
i
3
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r e = 2e
(Please
note
that
all
possible
5
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
3
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
5.
Example 5 : Convert
z= 8
to polar form
2
2
2
2
x
y
)
)
r = |z| =
+
= (8 + (0 = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the positive real axis . Hence
=0 .
y
0
arg z = = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 ( ) = tan 1 0
x
8
Hence, the polar form is
z = 80 = 8 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as
(Please
note
that
all
possible
2 n + 0 = 2 n where n = 0, 1, 2,
z = r ei = 8e0i
values
of
the
argument,
arg
z
are
. Accordingly we can get other possible polar forms and
6.
Example 6 : Convert
z = 8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (8) + (0) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the negative real axis . Hence
Hence, the polar form is
= .
z = 8 = 8 (cos + i sin )
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as
(Please
note
that
all
2 n + where n = 0, 1, 2,
z = r ei = 8ei
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
z
are
. Accordingly we can get other possible polar forms and
7.
Example 7 : Convert
z = i8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (0) + (8) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the positive imaginary axis . Hence
Hence, the polar form is
z = 8
.
2
= 8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
2
i
2
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r ei = 8e
(Please
note
that
all
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
2
possible
values
of
the
argument,
arg
8.
Example 8 : Convert
z = i8
to polar form
2
2
r = |z| = x 2 + y 2 = (0) + (8) = (8) = 8
Here the complex number lies in the negavive imaginary axis . Hence
However we will normally select the smallest positive value for . Hence
Hence, the polar form is
z = 8
are
3
3
3
= 8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
2
.
2
3
+ 2 =
2
2
i3
2
i
Similarly we can write the com plex num ber in ex ponential form as z = r e = 8e
(Please
note
that
all
possible
3
2 n +
where n = 0, 1, 2,
2
values
of
the
argument,
arg
are
IV.
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
2 [cos (
5
5
) + i sin ( )]
3
3
5
1
= 2 = 1
3
2
5
3
) = 3
= 2 (
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 i 3
2.
x = r cos = 8 cos
y = r sin = 8 sin
8 [cos ( ) + i sin ( )]
2
2
= 20 = 0
2
= 81 = 8
2
z = x + iy = 0 + 8i = 8i
V.
1.
i2
3
Convert the complex number 2e
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
2
1
= 2 ( ) = 1
3
2
2
3
= 2
= 3
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 + i 3
2.
i
3
Convert the complex number 2e
x = r cos = 2 cos
y = r sin = 2 sin
1
= 2 = 1
3
2
3
= 2
=3
3
2
z = x + iy = 1 + i 3
VI.
1.
2.
3.
(a + ib)(c + id) = ac + iad + ibc + i2bd = ac + iad + ibc - bd = (ac - bd) + i(ad + bc)
Example : Find (9 + 2i)(8 - 6i)
r 1 1 r 2 2 = r 1 r 2 (1 + 2 )
Example : Find
330 440
(a + ib)
(a + ib)
(c id)
(ac + bd) i(ad bc)
=
=
(c + id)
(c + id)
(c id)
c2 + d 2
(We multiplied denominator and numerator with the conjugate of the denominator to proceed)
Example : Find
(9 + 2i)
(8 6i)
(9 + 2i)
(9 + 2i)(8 + 6i)
=
(8 6i)
(8 6i)(8 + 6i)
72 + 54i + 16i 12
64 + 36
r 1 1
r1
=
(1 2 )
r 2 2
r2
Example : Find
5135
475
5135 5
5
= (135 75) = 60
4
4
475
60 + 70i
= .6 + .7i
100
VII.
1.
Find
(1 + 3 i)
12
2
2
r = (1) + ( 3) =
1
+ 3 = 4 = 2
= tan 1 (
2
3
) = tan 1 ( 3) = tan 1 ( )
1
3
(The
complex
number
is
in
second
quadrant)
Hence,
1 + 3 i = 2 [cos (
(1 + 3 i)
12
= [2 (cos
) + i sin (2 )]
3
3
2
+ i sin 2 )]
3
3
12
= 212 [cos (
(Note
that
is
mentioned in radians)
2.
Find
(2135)
32 (cos(45) + i sin(45))
32 [cos(45) i sin(45)] = 32 (
1
1
32
)=
i
(1 i)
2
2
2
degrees)
3.
Find
4.
Find
(2e0.3i )
(Note that is
(Note
that
is
radians)
wk = r 1/n [cos (
z = r(cos + i sin )
+ 2 k
+ 2 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
can be given by
where k = 0, 1, 2, . . . (n-1)
2 )
1.
32i = 32 (cos
+ i sin )
2
2
wk = r 1/n [cos (
1/5
= 32
=2
cos
cos
w0 = 2 cos
+ 2 k
+ 2 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
+ 2 k
2
5
+ 2 k
2
5
+0
2
5
+ i sin
+ i sin
+ i sin
+ 2 k
2
5
+ 2 k
2
5
+0
2
5
= 2 (cos
+ i sin )
10
10
mentioned
in
+ 2
2
5
w1 = 2 cos
+ 4
2
5
w2 = 2 cos
+ i sin
+ 6
2
5
w3 = 2 cos
+ i sin
+ 8
2
5
w4 = 2 cos
2.
+ i sin
+ i sin
+ 2
2
5
+ 4
2
5
+ 6
2
5
+ 8
2
5
= 2 (cos
+ i sin ) = 2i
2
2
= 2 (cos
9
9
)
+ i sin
10
10
= 2 (cos
13
13
)
+ i sin
10
10
= 2 (cos
17
17
)
+ i sin
10
10
4 4 3 i
wk = r 1/n [cos (
= 81/3
[cos (
= 2 [cos (
3.
4 4 3i can be given by
+ 360 k
+ 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
240 + 360 k
240 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
240 + 360 k
240 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
where k = 0, 1 and 2
w0 = 2 [cos (
240 + 0
240 + 0
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 80 + i sin 80)
3
3
w1 = 2 [cos (
240 + 360
240 + 360
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 200 + i sin 200)
3
3
w3 = 2 [cos (
240 + 720
240 + 720
) + i sin (
)] = 2 (cos 320 + i sin 320)
3
3
1 = 8 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
wk = r 1/n [cos (
= 11/3
[cos (
+ 360 k
+ 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
n
n
0 + 360 k
0 + 360 k
) + i sin (
)]
3
3
where k = 0, 1 and 2
1
3 1 + i 3
+i
=
2
2
2
1
3 1 i 3
i
=
2
2
2
L ogarithm Basics
y
if y = log b x , then b = x
where log b x = y = log to the base b of x
Please note that b(base) is a positive positive real number, other than 1.
if x = by , then log b x = y
where log b x = y = log to the b b of x
Please note that b(base) is a positive positive real number, other than 1.
Ex am ple
16 = 24 (in this expression, 4 is the power or the exponent or the index and 2 is the base)
Hence we can say that
In other words, both
log 10 x
loge x
Please note that e is a mathematical constant which is the base of the natural logarithm. It is known as
Euler's number. It is also called as Napier's constant
e= 1+
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
+ 2.71828
1 1.2 1.2.3 1.2.3.4
ex = 1 + x +
II.
x 2 x 3 x4
+
+
+
2! 3! 4!
III.
1.
log b1 = 0
b0 = 1 )
2.
log bb = 1
b1 = b )
3.
y = ln x
ey = x
4.
x = ey
ln x = y
5.
x = ln ex = eln x
6.
blog b x = x
7.
log b by = y
L aw s of L ogarithms
1.
2.
log b
3.
log b M c = c log b M
4.
log b M =
M
= logb M log b N
N
1)
5.
log b a =
6. Let
IV.
logk M
log M
ln M
=
=
log b
ln b
logk b
1
log a b
The logarithm of a number has two parts, known as characteristic and mantissa.
1. Characteristic
The internal part of the logarithm of a number is called its characteristic.
Case I: When the number is greater than 1.
In this case, the characteristic is one less than the number of digits in the left of the decimal point
in the given number.
Case II: When the number is less than 1.
In this case, the characteristic is one more than the number of zeros between the decimal point
and the first significant digit of the number and it is negative. Instead of -1, -2 etc. we write
Exam ples
Num ber
Characteristic
612.25
16.291
2.1854
0.9413
0.03754
0.00235
2. Mantissa
The decimal part of the logarithm of a number is known is its mantissa. We normally find mantissa from
the log table.
b.
c.
d.
11 4
8
,
, 0,
etc.
2 2
11
Examples:
a
where a and b are integers and b 0
b
All integers, fractions and terminating or recurring decimals are rational numbers.
e.
a
where a and b are
b
For instance, numbers whose decimals do not terminate and do not repeat cannot be written as a fraction and hence they are irrational numbers.
Example :
3
, 2 , (3 + 5) , 4 3 (meaning 4 3 ), 6 etc
f.
= 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288 41971 69399 37510 58209 74944 59230 78164 06286 20899 86280 34825 34211
g.
Surds
a be any rational number and n be any positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is a surd.
6
Example : 3 , 10 , 4 3 etc
9 3
27
Let
etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
Every surd is an irrational number. But every irrational number is not a surd. (eg :
II.
A ddition, Subtraction and Multiplication R ules for Even and Odd Numbers
Divisibility
a.
Divisible By
One whole number is divisible by another if the remainder we get after the division is zero.
Examples
b.
i.
ii.
iii.
Divisibility Rules
By using divisibility rules we can easily find out whether a given number is divisible by another number without actually performing the division. This helps to save time
especially when working with numbers.
Divisibility
Rule
Description
Ex am ples
Divisibility
by 2
A number is divisible by 2 if
the last digit is even. i.e., if the
last digit is 0 or 2 or 4 or 6 or
8
A number is divisible by
3 if the sum of the digits
is divisible by 3
Divisibility
by 3
Divisibility
by 4
A number is divisible by 4 if
the number formed by the last
two digits is divisible by 4.
Divisibility
A number is divisible by 5 if
by 5
Divisibility
by 6
A number is divisible by 6 if it
is divisible by both 2 and 3.
Divisibility
by 8
A number is divisible by 8 if
the number formed by the last
three digits is divisible by 8.
Divisibility
by 9
A number is divisible by 9 if
the sum of its digits is divisible
by 9.
(Please note that we can
apply this rule to the answer
again and again if we need)
Divisibility
by 10
A number is divisible by 10 if
the last digit is 0.
A number is divisible by 12 if
the number is divisible by both
3 and 4
Divisibility
by 14
A number is divisible by 14 if
it is divisible by both 2 and 7.
Divisibility
by 15
A number is divisible by 15 If
it is divisible by both 3 and 5.
of 5696512 = 6512
6512 is divisible by 16. Hence 5696512 is
also divisible by 16.
Divisibility
by 16
A number is divisible by 16 if
the number formed by the last
four digits is divisible by 16.
Divisibility
by 18
A number is divisible by
18 if it is divisible by
both 2 and 9.
A number is divisible by 20 if
it is divisible by 10 and the
tens digit is even.
Divisibility
by 20
IV.
b.
Write down 1 and the number itself (lowest and highest factors).
ii.
iii.
Check for divisibility by 3, 4,5, and so on. till the beginning of the list reaches the end
Write down 1 and the number itself (72) as lowest and highest factors.
1 . . . 72
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
Write down 1 and the number itself (22) as lowest and highest factors
1 . . . 22
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.
viii.
ix.
x.
c.
V.
VI.
Prim e factor
The factors which are prime numbers are called prime factors
b.
Prim e factorization
Prime factorization of a number is the expression of the number as the product of its prime factors
Exam ple 1:
Prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the prime factors of 280 are 2, 5 and 7
Exam ple 2:
Prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime factors of 72 are 2 and 3
c.
How to find out prim e factorization and prim e factors of a num ber
Repeated Division Method : In order to find out the prime factorization of a number, repeatedly divide the number by the smallest prime number possible(2,3,5,7,11, ...)
until the quotient is 1.
Exam ple 1: Find out Prime factorization of 280
2 280
2 140
2 70
5 35
Hence, prime factorization of 280 can be written as 280 = 2 2 2 5 7 = 23 5 7 and the prime factors of 280 are 2, 5 and 7
2 36
2 18
3 9
3 3
Hence, prime factorization of 72 can be written as 72 = 2 2 2 3 3 = 23 32 and the prime factors of 72 are 2 and 3
d.
Im portant Properties
Every whole number greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as the product of its prime factors. For example, 700 = 22 52 7
VII.
VIII.
Multiples
Multiples of a whole number are the products of that number with 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on
Example : Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...
If a number x divides another number y exactly with a remainder of 0, we can say that x is a factor of y and y is a multiple of x
For instance, 4 divides 36 exactly with a remainder of 0. Hence 4 is a factor of 36 and 36 is a multiple of 4
b.
8 = 23
14 = 2 7
Step2 : LCM = The product of highest powers of all prime factors
Here the prime factors are 2 and 7
The highest power of 2 here = 23
The highest power of 7 here = 7
Hence LCM = 23 7 = 56
Exam ple 2 : Find out LCM of 18, 24, 9, 36 and 90
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization).
18 = 2 32
24 = 23 3
9 = 32
36 = 23 32
90 = 2 5 32
Step2 : LCM = The product of highest powers of all prime factors
Here the prime factors are 2, 3 and 5
The highest power of 2 here = 23
The highest power of 3 here = 32
The highest power of 5 here = 5
Hence LCM = 23 32 5 = 360
c.
4, 7
9, 12, 9, 18, 45
9, 6, 9, 9, 45
3, 2, 3, 3, 15
1, 2, 1, 1, 5
IX.
What is Highest Common Factor (HCF) or Greatest Common Measure (GCM) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and How to find it out ?
a.
Highest Com m on F actor(H.C.F ) or Greatest Com m on Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Com m on Divisor (G.C.D)
Highest Common Factor(H.C.F) or Greatest Common Measure(G.C.M) or Greatest Common Divisor (G.C.D) of two or more numbers is the greatest number which divides
each of them exactly.
Example : HCF or GCM or GCD of 60 and 75 = 15 because 15 is the highest number which divides both 60 and 75 exactly.
We can find out HCF using prime factorization method or division method
b.
Step2 : HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common prime factor.
Here, common prime factors are 3 and 5
The least power of 3 here = 3
The least power of 5 here = 5
Hence, HCF = 3 5 = 15
Exam ple 2 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 12
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors. (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization)
36 = 22 32
24 = 23 3
12 = 22 3
Step2 : HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common prime factor.
Here 2 and 3 are common prime factors.
The least power of 2 here = 22
The least power of 3 here = 3
Hence, HCF = 22 3 = 12
Exam ple 3 : Find out HCF of 36, 27 and 80
Step1 : Express each number as a product of prime factors. (Reference: Prime Factorization and how to find out Prime Factorization)
36 = 22 32
27 = 33
80 = 24 5
Step2 : HCF = HCF is the product of all common prime factors using the least power of each common prime factor.
Here you can see that there are no common prime factors.
Hence, HCF = 1
c.
How to find out HCF using prim e factorization m ethod - By dividing the num bers (shortcut)
Step 1 : Write the given numbers in a horizontal line separated by commas.
Step 2 : Divide the given numbers by the smallest prime number which can exactly divide all of the given numbers.
Step 3 : Write the quotients in a line below the first.
Step 4 : Repeat the process until we reach a stage where no common prime factor exists for all of the numbers.
Step 5 :We can see that the factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. Their product is the HCF
Exam ple 1 : Find out HCF of 60 and 75
3 60, 75
5 20, 25
4, 5
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is
exists for the numbers came at the bottom.
Hence HCF = 3 5 =15.
Exam ple 2 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 12
2 36, 24, 12
2 18, 12, 6
3 9, 6, 3
3, 2, 1
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is
exists for the numbers came at the bottom.
Hence HCF = 2 2 3 = 12.
Exam ple 3 : Find out HCF of 36, 24 and 48
2 36, 24, 48
2 18, 12, 24
3 9, 6, 12
3, 2, 4
We can see that the prime factors mentioned in the left side clearly divides all the numbers exactly and they are common prime factors. no common prime factor is
exists for the numbers came at the bottom.
Hence HCF = 2 2 3 = 12.
d.
i.
To find out HCF of tw o giv en num bers using div ision m ethod
Step 1: Divide the larger number by the smaller number
Step 2: Divisor of step 1 is divided by its remainder
Step 3: Divisor of step 2 is divided by its remainder. Continue this process till we get 0 as remainder.
Step 4: Divisior of the last step is the HCF.
ii.
To find out HCF of three giv en num bers using div ision m ethod
Step 1: Find out HCF of any two numbers.
Step 2: Find out the HCF of the third number and the HCF obtained in step 1
Step 3: HCF obtained in step 2 will be the HCF of the three numbers
iii.
To find out HCF of m ore than three num bers using div ision m ethod
In a similar way as explained for three numbers, we can find out HCF of more than three numbers also
60
15) 60 (4
60
48
3224
332) 3224 (9
2988
236) 332 (1
27
45
3) 9 (3
2) 5 (2
LCM of Numerators
HCF of Denominators
LCM =
LCM (1, 3, 3)
3
=
2
HCF (2, 8, 4)
LCM =
XI.
1 3 3
,
,
2 8 4
2 3
,
5 10
LCM (2, 3)
6
=
5
HCF (5, 10)
HCF of Numerators
LCM of Denominators
1) 2 (2
236
HCF =
HCF (3, 6, 9)
3
=
220
LCM (5, 11, 20)
HCF =
XII.
XIII.
3 6
9
,
,
5 11 20
4 2
,
5 3
HCF (4, 2)
2
=
15
LCM (5, 3)
3
1
and
5
5
These fractions have same denominator. So just compare the numerators. Bigger the numerator, bigger the number.
3 > 1. Hence
3 1
>
5 5
2
3
8
and
and
7
7
7
These fractions have same denominator. So just compare the numerators. Bigger the numerator, bigger the number.
8 > 3 > 2. Hence
b.
8 3 2
> >
7 7 7
3
3
and
5
8
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the denominator, smaller the number.
8 > 5. Hence
3 3
<
8 5
7
7
7
and
and
8
2
5
These fractions have same numerator. So just compare the denominators. Bigger the denominator, smaller the number.
8 > 5 > 2. Hence
c.
7 7 7
< <
8 5 2
3
4
and
5
7
To compare such fractions, find out LCM of the denominators. Here, LCM(5, 7) = 35
Now , convert each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction with 35 (LCM) as the denominator.
The denominator of
3
is 5.
5
4
is 7.
7
3 37
21
=
=
5 57
35
The denominator of
4 45
20
=
=
7 75
35
21 20
>
35 35
Hence,
3 4
>
5 7
Or
Convert the fractions to decimals
3
= .6
5
4
= .5. . . (Need not find out the complete decimal value; just find out up to what is required for comparison. In this case the first digit itself is sufficient to do the
7
comparison)
.6 > .5...
Hence,
XIV.
3 4
>
5 7
If a number is divisible by more than two pairwise co-prime numbers, then the number is divisible by their product also.
Example1 : The numbers 3, 4, 5 are pairwise co-prime because HCF of any pair of numbers in this is 1
1440 is divisible by 3, 4 and 5.
3 4 5 = 60. Hence 1440 is also divisible by 60
Example2
The numbers 3, 4, 9 are not pairwise co-prime because HCF (3, 9 ) = 3 1
1440 is divisible by 3, 4 and 9.
3 X 4 X 9 = 108. However 1440 is not divisible by 108 as 3, 4, 9 are not pairwise co-prime
XV.
a.
t n = a + (n 1)d
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , d= common difference
Ex am ple 1 : Find 10th term in the series 1, 3, 5, 7, ...
a =1
d =3 1 =2
10th term, t 10 = a + (n-1)d = 1 + (10 1)2 = 1 + 18 = 19
Ex am ple 2 : Find 16th term in the series 7, 13, 19, 25, ...
a =7
d = 13 7 = 6
16th term, t 16 = a + (n-1)d = 7 + (16 1)6 = 7 + 90 = 97
b.
n=
(l a)
+1
d
where n = number of terms, a= the first term , l = last term, d= common difference
Ex am ple : Find the number of terms in the series 8, 12, 16, . . .72
a =8
l = 72
d = 12 8 = 4
n=
c.
(l a)
(72 8)
64
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 16 + 1 = 17
d
4
4
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
n
20
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] =
[ (2 4) + (20 1)3 ]
2
2
Ex am ple 2 : Find 6 + 9 + 12 + . . . + 30
a =6
l = 30
d =9 6 =3
n=
(l a)
(30 6)
24
+1 =
+1 =
+1 = 8+1 = 9
d
3
3
Sum, S =
d.
n
9
9
[ a + l ] = [ 6 + 30 ] = 36 = 9 18 = 162
2
2
2
b=
1
(a + c)
2
1
(a + b)
2
If a, a1, a2 ... an, b are in AP we can say that a1, a2... an are the n Arithmetic Means between a
and b.
e.
If a, b, c are in AP, 2b = a + c
To solve most of the problems related to A.P., the terms can be conveiently taken as
3 terms : (a d), a, (a +d)
4 terms : (a 3d), (a d), (a + d), (a +3d)
f.
g.
T n = Sn - Sn-1
h.
If each term of an A.P. is increased, decreased , multiplied or divided by the same non-zero
constant, the resulting sequence also will be in A.P.
i.
2.
In an A.P., sum of terms equidistant from beginning and end will be constant
1
1
1
1
,
,
, ...
are in A.P.
a1
a2
a3
an
1 1 1
, ,
, is a harmonic progression (H.P.)
2 6 10
1 1 1
,
,
are in A.P.
a
b c
1
1
1
1
,
,
, are in H.P., nthterm of the H.P. =
a a + d a + 2d
a + (n 1)d
b=
2ac
a +c
2ab
a +b
If a, a1, a2 ... an, b are in H.P. we can say that a1, a2 ... an are the n Harmonic Means between a
and b.
If a, b, c are in HP,
3.
2 1 1
= +
b a c
a.
t n = a r n1
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , r = common ratio, n = number of terms
Ex am ple 1 : Find the 10th term in the series 2, 4, 8, 16, ...
a = 2,
r=
4
= 2, n = 10
2
10th term, t 10 = a r
n1
r=
15
= 3, n = 5
5
5th term, t 5 = a r
b.
n1
= 5 351
= 5 34 = 5 81 = 405
a(r n 1)
r1
(if r > 1)
a(1 r n )
1r
(if r < 1)
Sn =
a = 4,
r=
12
= 3, n = 6
4
S6 =
Ex am ple 2 : Find
c.
1 1
+ +
2 4
1+
1
( )
2
a = 1, r =
1
a(r n 1)
4(36 1)
4(729 1)
4 728
=
=
=
= 2 728 = 1456
r1
31
2
2
1
,
2
S6 =
... up to 5 terms
n =5
a(1 r )
=
1r
1
1 [1 ( )
2
(1
]
=
1
)
2
1
)
32
1
( )
2
(1
31
)
32
=
1
( )
2
(
31
15
=1
16
16
S =
a
1r
Ex am ple
a = 1,
: Find 1 +
1
( )
2
r=
1
1 1 1
+ + + ...
2 4 8
d.
1
2
S =
a
=
1r
1
1
(1 )
2
1
1
( )
2
=2
If three non-zero numbers a, b, c are in G.P., b is the Geometric Mean (G.M.) between a and c.
In this case,
ac
b =
ab
(Note that if a and b are of opposite sign, their G.M. is not defined.)
e.
If a, b, c are in G.P., b2 = ac
f.
If a, b, c are in G.P.,
g.
In a G.P., product of terms equidistant from beginning and end will be constant.
a b
a
=
bc
b
To solve most of the problems related to G.P., the terms of the G.P. can be conveiently taken as
h.
4.
3 terms :
a
, a, ar
r
5 terms :
a a
,
, a, ar, ar2
2
r
r
R elationship Betw een A rithmetic Mean, Harmonic Mean, and Geometric Mean of
Tw o Numbers
If GM, AM and HM are the Geometic Mean, Arithmetic Mean and Harmonic Mean of two positive
numbers respectively, then
GM2 = AM HM
5.
b=
a +c
2
b=
2ac
a +c
a b
a
=
bc
c
Let A, G and H be the A.M., G.M. and H.M. between two distinct positive numbers. Then
i. A > G > H
ii. A, G and H are in GP
If a series is both an A.P. and G.P., all terms of the series will be equal. In other words, it will be a
constant sequence.
6.
1.
1 + 1 + 1 + n terms = 1 = n
2.
1+2+3++n = n =
3.
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
4.
n 2 (n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + + n = n =
4
3
n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
2
n(n + 1)
]
=[
2
Trigonometric Basics
sin =
opposite side
y
=
hypotenuse
r
cos =
adjacent side
x
=
hypotenuse
r
tan =
opposite side
y
=
adjacent side
x
csc =
hypotenuse
r
=
opposite side
y
sec =
hypotenuse
r
=
adjacent side
x
cot =
adjacent side
x
=
opposite side
y
II.
x2 + y 2 = r 2
in degrees in radians
sin
cos
tan
0
III.
30
1
2
3
2
45
1
2
1
2
60
3
2
1
2
90
Not defined
180
-1
270
3
2
-1
Not defined
360
Trigonometric Formulas
360 = 2 radian
tan =
sin
cos
cot =
cos
sin
1
3
csc =
1
sin
sec =
1
cos
cot =
1
tan
sin 2 + cos2 = 1
sec2 tan 2 = 1
csc2 cot 2 = 1
sin () = sin
cos () = cos
tan () = tan
csc () = csc
sec () = sec
cot () = cot
sin(
) = cos
2
cos( ) = sin
2
Second Quadrant
sin(
+ ) = cos
2
cos( + ) = sin
2
tan(
) = cot
2
tan(
+ ) = cot
2
csc(
) = sec
2
csc(
+ ) = sec
2
sec( ) = csc
2
tan(
) = tan
2
Third Quadrant
sec( + ) = csc
2
cot(
+ ) = tan
2
sin( ) = sin
cos( ) = cos
tan( ) = tan
csc( ) = csc
sec( ) = sec
cot( ) = cot
F ourth Quadrant
sin( + ) = sin
sin(2 ) = sin
cos( + ) = cos
cos(2 ) = cos
tan( + ) = tan
tan(2 ) = tan
csc( + ) = csc
csc(2 ) = csc
sec( + ) = sec
sec(2 ) = sec
2 )
cot( + ) = cot
cot(2 ) = cot
tan 1 + tan 2
1 tan 1 tan 2
tan(1 2 ) =
tan 1 tan 2
1 + tan 1 tan 2
2 tan
1 tan 2
sin =
cos =
tan =
ei ei
2i
ei + ei
2
ei ei
(ei + ei ) i
csc =
2i
ei ei
sec =
2
ei + ei
cot =
(ei + ei ) i
ei ei
1 + 2
1 2
) cos (
)
2
2
1 + 2
1 2
) sin (
)
2
2
1 + 2
1 2
) cos (
)
2
2
1 + 2
1 2
) sin (
)
2
2
sin 1 sin 2 =
1
[cos (1 2 ) cos(1 + 2 )]
2
cos 1 cos 2 =
1
[cos (1 2 ) + cos(1 + 2 )]
2
sin 1 cos 2 =
1
[sin (1 + 2 ) + sin(1 2 )]
2
cos 1 sin 2 =
1
[sin (1 + 2 ) sin(1 2 )]
2
1. (935421 x 625) = ?
A. 542622125
B. 584632125
C. 544638125
D. 584638125
10
935421 625 = 935421 5 = 935421 ( )
2
4
935421 10000
= 584638125
16
B. 8
C. 4
D. 2
B. 9999
C. 9988
D. 9900
= 9944
B. 4200
C. 3060
D. 3210
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a - b) 2 = a 2 - 2ab + b 2
5. (64 - 12)2 + 4 x 64 x 12 = ?
A. 5246
B. 4406
C. 5126
D. 5776
(a + b) 2 = a 2 + 2ab + b 2
(a - b) 2 = a 2 - 2ab + b 2
6. 121 x 54 = ?
A. 68225
B. 75625
C. 72325
D. 71225
10
121 5 = 121 ( )
2
4
121 10000
= 7.5625 10000 = 75625
16
7. If (232 + 1) is completely divisible by a whole number, which of the following numbers is completely
divisible by this number?
A. (296 + 1)
B. (7 x 223 )
C. (216 - 1)
D. (216 + 1)
N
(296 + 1) = {(232)3 + 1} = (x3 + 1) = (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1)
if (x + 1) is completely divisible by N, (x + 1)(x2 - x + 1) will
also be divisible by N
Hence (296 + 1) is completely divisible N
8. How many of the following numbers are divisible by 132 ? 264, 396, 462, 792, 968, 2178, 5184, 6336
A. 4
B. 3
C. 6
D. 8
Please
go
further.
264 is divisible by 3, 4 and 11 => 264 is divisible by 132
396 is divisible by 3, 4 and 11 => 396 is divisible by 132
462 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4 => 462 is not
divisible by 132
792 is divisible by 3, 4 and 11 => 792 is divisible by 132
968 is divisible by 4 and 11, but not divisible by 3 => 968 is not
divisible by 132
2178 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4 => 2178 is
not divisible by 132
5184 is divisible by 3 and 4, but not divisible by 11 => 5184 is
not divisible by 132
6336 is divisible by 3, 4 and 11 => 6336 is divisible by 132
Hence, only 264, 396 ,792 and 6336 are divisible by 132. So the
answer is 4
B. False
B. 2
C. 4
D. 0
11. 5216 x 51 = ?
A. 266016
B. 212016
C. 266436
D. 216314
B. 61212
C. 512216
D. 3125832
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Please
go
further.
31214 is not divisible by 3 and 8 => 31214 is not divisible 24
61212 is not divisible by 8 though it is divisible by 3 => 61212 is
not divisible 24
512216 is not divisible by 3 though it is divisible by 8 => 512216
is not divisible 24
=?
a 2 + b2 ab
a 3 + b3
a 2 + b2 ab
3
a3 + b
( a2 + b2 ab)
2
(a + b)(a 2 ab + b )
1
1
1
1
=
=
=
a +b
719 + 347
719 + 347
1066
14. If the number 481*673 is completely divisible by 9, what is the the smallest whole number in place of
*?
A. 3
B. 7
C. 5
D. 9
B. 6 only
C. 12 only
D. None of these
B. 18322
C. 13032
D. 18662
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b )
(Reference : Basic Algebraic Formulas)
B. 22
C. 33
D. 66
18.
A. 122
B. 2
C. 1
D. None of these
=?
(a + b) 2 + (a b) 2 = 2(a 2 + b2 )
(912 + 643) 2 + (912 643)2
(912 912 + 643 643)
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
B. 1223441288
C. 2142579288
D. 2142339288
2(9122 + 6432 )
(9122 + 6432 )
=2
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
23341379 x 72 = 23341379(70 + 2) = (23341379 x 70) +
(23341379 x 2)
= 1633896530 + 46682758 = 1680579288
B. 7
C. 3
D. 6
Replacing * by x
5 x 2 is divisible by 2 (Reference : Divisibility by 2 rule)
For 5 x 2 to be divisible by 3, 5 + x + 2 shall be divisible by
3(Reference : Divisibility by 3 rule)
=> 7 + x shall be divisible by 3
=> x can be 2 or 5 or 8
From the given choices, answer = 2
1
2
3
) + (1 ) + (1 ) +. . . up to n terms =?
n
n
n
n
A. (n 1)
B.
2
1
1
C.
(n 1)
D.
(n + 1)
2
2
22.
(1
1 + 1 + 1 + n terms = 1 = n
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
(1
1
2
3
) + (1 ) + (1 ) + ... up to n terms
n
n
n
= (1 + 1 + 1 + ... up to n terms) (
1 2 3
+ + + ... up to n terms)
n n n
= n
1
(1 + 2 + 3 + ... up to n terms)
n
= n
1 n(n + 1)
[
]
n
2
= n
(n + 1)
2
(2n n 1)
2
n1
2
23. What least number should be added to 1056, so that the sum is completely divisible by 23?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
divisible by 23
B. 1851404
C. 1951404
D. 1954404
25. On dividing a number by 56, we get 29 as remainder. On dividing the same number by 8, what will be
the remainder ?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
B. 27474
C. 21224
D. 27224
27. the difference between a positive fraction and its reciprocal is 9/20 find the sum of that fraction and
its reciprocal.
41
20
11
C.
20
A.
17
20
9
D.
20
B.
Then x
1
9
=
x 20
x2 1
9
=
x
20
x2 1 =
9x
20
20x 2 20 = 9x
20x 2 9x 20 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
9 (9) 4 20 (20)
2 20
9
81
+ 1600
9 41
50
32
=
=
=
Or
40
40
40
40
x=
1 4
=
x 5
x+
1 5 4 55+44
= + =
x 4 5
20
41
20
B. 148
C. 150
D. 152
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
100/
Number of terms =
(l a)
(996 102)
894
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 149 + 1 = 150
d
6
6
29. How many natural numbers are there between 43 and 200 which are exactly divisible by 6?
A. 28
B. 26
C. 24
D. 22
Number of terms =
(l a)
(198 48)
150
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 25 + 1 = 26
d
6
6
B. 100011
C. 100012
D. 100013
added to 100000
to get the smallest 6 digit number exactly divisible by 111
=> smallest 6 digit number exactly divisible by 111 = 100000 +
11 = 100011
31. If x and y are positive integers such that (3x + 7y) is a multiple of 11, then which of the followings are
divisible by 11?
A. 9x + 4y
C. 4x - 9y
B. x + y + 4
D. 4x + 6y
B. 220
C. 210
D. 280
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
(64)2 - (36)2 = (64 - 36)(64 + 36) = 28 100
Given that (64)2 - (36)2 = 10x
=> 28 100 = 10x
=> x = 280
33.
A. 640
B. 620
C. 740
D. None of these
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
=?
a 2 + ab + b2
a 3 b3
a 2 + ab + b2
(a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
( a2 + ab + b2 )
34.
2664 12 6 =?
A. 43
B. 41
C. 37
D. 33
OR
2664 12 6 = 2664
35.
1
1
= 37
12 6
A. None of these
B. 342
C. 324
D. 312
36. Which one of the following can't be the square of natural number ?
A. 128242
B. 128881
C. 130321
D. 131044
B. 54250
C. 52150
D. None of these
D. n is prime
39. The number 97215*6 is completely divisible by 11. What is the smallest whole number in place of * ?
A. 4
B. 2
C. 1
D. 3
B. 375
C. 55
D. 385
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
12 + 22 + 32 + + 102 =
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
10 11 21
10 11 7
=
= 385
6
2
41. If the product 4864 9a2 is divisible by 12, then what is the value of a?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 5
D. 6
=> 11 + a is divisible by 3
Hence a can be 1 or 4 or 7 such that 11 + a is divisible by 3
So, from the given choices, 1 is the answer
B. -3200
C. 3120
D. 3200
OR
Since 88 can be written as 11 8,
-88 39 + 312 = -11 8 39 + 312
= -11 312 + 312 (Reference : Multiplication by 11 using
Speed Mathematics)
= -3432 + 312 = -3120
OR
-88 39 + 312 = -88 (40-1) + 312
= -88 40 + 88 + 312
= -3520 + 88 + 312
= -3120
OR
(using various Speed Mathematics Techniques)
2
3
1
C.
2
A.
B.
3
4
D. None of these
378 ? = 252
252 126 14 2
?=
=
=
=
378 189 21 3
44. What least number should be subtracted from 13601 such that the remainder is divisible by 87 ?
A. 27
B. 28
C. 29
D. 30
B. 165642
C. 202860
D. 112330
Please
go
further.
112330 is divisible by 5 but not divisible by 9 => 112330 is not
divisible by 45
202860 is divisible by 5 and 9 => 202860 is divisible by 45
165642 is not divisible by 5 and 9 => 165642 is not divisible by
45
Hence, 202860 is the answer
B. 2
C. 1
D. 4
47. 12 + 22 + 32 + ... + 82 = ?
A. 204
B. 200
C. 182
D. 214
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
12 + 22 + 32 + + 82 =
=
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
8(8 + 1)[(2 8) + 1]
6
8 9 17
4 9 17
=
= 4 3 17 = 204
6
3
48. 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 12 = ?
A. 66
B. 68
C. 76
D. 78
1+2+3++n = n =
1 + 2 + 3 + + 12 =
=
n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)
2
12(12 + 1)
2
12 13
= 6 13 = 78
2
49. 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 63 = ?
A. 451
B. 441
C. 421
D. 401
n 2 (n + 1)
3
3
3
3
3
1 + 2 + 3 + + n = n =
4
n(n + 1)
]
13 + 23 + 33 + + 63 = [
2
2
= [3 7] = 212 = 441
n(n + 1)
]
=[
2
6(7)
]
=[
2
B. 437
C. 247
D. 203
307 < 18
Prime numbers < 18 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17
307 is not divisible by 2
307 is not divisible by 3
307 is not divisible by 5
307 is not divisible by 7
307 is not divisible by 11
307 is not divisible by 13
307 is not divisible by 17
Hence 307 is a prime number
437 < 21
Prime numbers < 21 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
437 is not divisible by 2
437 is not divisible by 3
437 is not divisible by 5
437 is not divisible by 7
437 is not divisible by 11
437 is not divisible by 13
437 is not divisible by 17
But 437 is divisible by 19 => 437 is not a prime number
247 < 16
Prime numbers < 16 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
247 is not divisible by 2
247 is not divisible by 3
247 is not divisible by 5
247 is not divisible by 7
247 is not divisible by 11
But 247 is divisible by 13 => 247 is not a prime number
203 < 15
Prime numbers < 15 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
203 is not divisible by 2
203 is not divisible by 3
203 is not divisible by 5
But 203 is divisible by 7 => 203 is not a prime number
51. The difference of the squares of two consecutive even integers is divisible by which of the following
numbers?
A. 3
B. 6
C. 4
D. 7
B. 115919
C. 115939
D. 115929
Please
go
further.
115929 is divisible by both 9 and 11 => 115929 is divisible by 99
115939 is not divisible by 9 and 11 => 115939 is not divisible by
99
115919 is not divisible by 9 and 11 => 115919 is not divisible by
99
115909 is not divisible by 9 and 11 => 115909 is not divisible by
99
Hence, 115929 is the answer
53.
A. 933
B. 1000
C. 712
D. 843
=?
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
Read more...
(a 3 + b3 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
(a 3 + b3 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
(a + b) (a 2 ab + b2 )
(a 2 ab + b2 )
= (a + b)
54. How many terms are there in the G.P. 4, 8, 16, 32, ... , 1024?
A. 9
B. 8
C. 7
D. 6
t n = a r n1
where t n = nth term, a= the first term , r = common ratio, n =
number of terms
Read more
a=4
r=
8
=2
4
t n = 1024
t n = a r n1
1024 = 4 2n1
2n1 =
n1
1024
= 256 = 28
4
8
=2
n1 = 8
n = 8+1 = 9
B. 178121
C. 168921
D. 162481
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
56. If a number is divided by 6 , 3 is the remainder . What is remainder if the the square of the number is
divided by 6?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 3
D. 2
(a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
=36k2 + 36k + 6 + 3
= 6(6k2 + 6k + 1) + 3
Hence, when the square of the number is divided by 6, we get
3 as remainder.
57. In a division sum, the remainder is 0 when a student mistook the divisor by 12 instead of 21 and
obtained 35 as quotient. What is the correct quotient ?
A. 25
B. 20
C. 15
D. 10
x
35 12
5 12
=
=
= 5 4 = 20
21
21
3
correct quotient =
B. 306100
C. 306200
D. 306400
a(b + c) = ab + ac
(Distributive Law)
Read more...
1531 132 + 1531 68 = 1531 (132 + 68) = 1531 200 = 306200
B. 100
C. 1000
D. 10000
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
a m . a n = a m+n
am
= a mn
n
a
Read more...
10
1000
28
10
(103 )
10
28
10
1030
28
10
= 102 = 100
B. 248
C. 248.12
D. 248.22
B. 7
C. 8
D. 9
(4915 1) = [(72 )
15
62. How many even prime numbers are there less than 50?
A. 1
B. 15
C. 2
D. 16
B. 14
C. 15
D. 16
64. What is the difference between local value and face value of 7 in the numerical 657903?
A. 6993
B. 69993
C. 7000
D. 7
B. 14625
C. 14715
D. 14725
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
th
l = t n = n term = a + (n 1)d
a = 108
l = 202
d = 109 108 = 1
n=
(l a)
(202 108)
+1 =
+ 1 = 94 + 1 = 95
d
1
Sn =
n
95
95 310
[a +l]=
[ 108 + 202 ] =
= 95 155 = 14725
2
2
2
OR
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
202 203
107 108
] [
]
2
2
B. 22608258
C. 22608268
D. 23708258
B. 223521407
C. 123527407
D. 122858407
2
3
1
C.
5
A.
2
5
3
D.
4
B.
x=
884
442
34 2
=
=
=
2210 1105 85 5
69. If P and Q are odd numbers, then which of the following is even ?
A. P + Q
B. PQ
C. P + Q + 1
D. PQ + 2
Read more...
OR
70. Which of the following numbers will completely divide (319 + 320 + 321 + 322) ?
A. 25
B. 16
C. 11
D. 12
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
319 + 320 + 321 + 322
= 319(1 + 3 + 32 + 33)
= 319 40
= 318 3 4 10
= 318 12 10 which is divisible by 12
B. 99924
C. 99926
D. 99928
B. 10054
C. 10056
D. 10058
B. 361
C. 371
D. 379
74. 320 2 3 = ?
A. None of these
B. 53.33
C. 160
D. 106
320 2 3 = 320
1 1 160
=
= 53.33
2 3
3
75. 476**0 is divisible by both 3 and 11. What are the non-zero digits in the hundred's and ten's places
respectively?
A. 8 and 5
B. 6 and 5
C. 8 and 2
D. 6 and 2
Explanation :
References
1. Divisibility by 3
2. Divisibility by 11
15 - 15 = 0
Hence 476850 is divisible by 11
So a=8 and b=5 is the answer
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Let the number be 476ab0
476ab0 is divisible by 3
=> 4 + 7 + 6 + a + b + 0 is divisible by 3
=> 17 + a + b is divisible by 3 ------------------------(Equation 1)
476ab0 is divisible by 11
[(4 + 6 + b) -(7 + a + 0)] is 0 or divisible by 11
=> [3 + (b - a)] is 0 or divisible by 11 ------------------------(Equation 2)
Substitute the values of a and b with the values given in the choices and select the
values which satisfies both Equation 1 and Equation 2.
if a=6 and b=2,
17 + a + b = 17 + 6 + 2 = 25 which is not divisible by 3 --- Does not meet equation 1
Hence this is not the answer
if a=8 and b=2,
17 + a + b = 17 + 8 + 2 = 27 which is divisible by 3 --- meet equation 1
[3 + (b - a)] = [3 + (2 - 8)] = -3 which is neither 0 nor divisible by 11---Does not meet equation 2
Hence this is not the answer
if a=6 and b=5,
17 + a + b = 17 + 6 + 5 = 28 which is not divisible by 3 --- Does not meet equation 1
Hence this is not the answer
if a=8 and b=5,
17 + a + b = 17 + 8 + 5 = 30 which is divisible by 3 --- meet equation 1
76. On dividing 2272 as well as 875 by 3-digit number N, we get the same remainder. What is the sum of
the digits of N?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 8
B. 101
C. 130
D. 129
B. 47554
C. 466654
D. 4646652
4 + 4 + 6 + 2 = 16
6 + 6 + 5 = 17
17 - 16 = 1
1 is not divisible by 11
Hence 4646652 is not divisible by 11
Take 499774
4 + 9 + 7 = 20
9 + 7 + 4 = 20
20 - 20 = 0
We got the difference as 0.
Hence 499774 is divisible by 11
79. What is the sum all even natural numbers between 1 and 101?
A. 5050
B. 2550
C. 5040
D. 2540
n=
(l a)
(100 2)
98
+1 =
+1 =
+ 1 = 49 + 1 = 50
d
2
2
2 + 4 + 6 + + 100 =
n
50
50
(a + l) =
(2 + 100) =
(102) = 50 51 = 2550
2
2
2
80. A boy multiplies 987 by a certain number and obtained 559981 as his answer. If in the answer both 9
are wrong , but the other digits are correct, then what will be the correct answer?
A. 556581
B. 555681
C. 555181
D. 553681
Please
go
81. Which one of the following cannot be the square of natural number ?
A. 15186125824
B. 49873162329
C. 14936506225
D. 60625273287
end with 7.
B. 1248
C. 2348
D. 7178
83. 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 38 = ?
A. 9820
B. 9240
C. 9840
D. 9220
Hence
a(r n 1)
r1
(if r > 1)
a(1 r n )
1r
(if r < 1)
Sn =
r=
32
=3
3
n =8
a(r n 1)
3(38 1)
Sn =
=
r1
31
3(38 1)
3(6561 1)
=
=
2
2
=
3 6560
= 3 3280 = 9840
2
B. 724036589
C. 734036589
D. 734036129
| Discuss
85. 32 + 33 + 34 + ... + 42 = ?
A. 397
B. 407
C. 417
D. 427
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
a = 32
l = 42
d = 33 32 = 1
n=
(l a)
(42 32)
+1 =
+ 1 = 10 + 1 = 11
d
1
Sn =
n
11
11 74
[a +l]=
[ 32 + 42 ] =
= 11 37 = 407
2
2
2
OR
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
32 + 33 + 34+. . . +42
= [1 + 2 + 3 + + 42] [1 + 2 + 3 + + 31]
=[
42 43
31 32
] [
]
2
2
86. What is the digit in the unit place of the number represented by (795 - 358)
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
= 1 ----(Equation 2)
Unit Digit of 73
= Unit Digit of [7 7 7]
= Unit Digit of [9 7]
of 49)
= 3
( 9 7 = 63 and 3 is the unit digit of 63) ---(Equation 3)
Hence from Equation 1,Equation 2 and Equation 3,
unit digit of 795 = 1 3 = 3 ----(Equation A)
Similarly we can find out unit digit of 358
358 = [(34)14 32]
Hence, Unit Digit of 358
= Unit Digit of (34)14 Unit Digit of 32 ----(Equation 4)
Unit Digit of [(34)14]
( 33=9)
= 1 ----(Equation 5)
Unit Digit of 32 = 9----(Equation 6)
Hence from Equation 4,Equation 5 and Equation 6,
Unit Digit of 358 = 1 9 = 9 ----(Equation B)
We have already found out that
Unit Digit of 795 = 3 (From equation A)
and Unit Digit of 358 = 9 (From equation B)
Hence, Unit Digit of (795 - 358)
= Unit Digit of 795 - Unit Digit of 358
= unit digit of [larger number of last digit 3 - smaller number of
last digit 9 ]
=4
87. What is the unit digit in the number represented by [365 659 771]
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
( 33=9)
=1 3
= 3 ----(Equation A)
Unit digit of 659 = 6
( 66=36 and unit digit remains as 6
always) ----(Equation B)
771 = [(74)17 73]
Hence, Unit Digit of 771
= Unit Digit of (74)17 Unit Digit of 73 ----(Equation 1)
Unit Digit of [(74)17]
= Unit Digit of [(7777)17]
= Unit Digit of [(9 9)17]
of 49)
= Unit Digit of [117]
= 1 ----(Equation 2)
Unit Digit of 73
= Unit Digit of [7 7 7]
= Unit Digit of [9 7]
of 49)
= 3
( 9 7 = 63 and 3 is the unit digit of 63) ---(Equation 3)
Hence from Equation 1,Equation 2 and Equation 3,
unit digit of 771 = 1 3 = 3 ----(Equation C)
B. 20328
C. 20288
D. 24288
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
2
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
Read more...
B. 93010688
C. 93110678
D. 83110688
B. 4700
C. 4800
D. 4900
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
Read more...
B. 158
C. 168
D. 178
92. A three-digit number 4a3 is added to another three-digit number 984 to give a four digit number 13b7,
B. 10
C. 11
D. 12
B. 42000
C. 38000
D. 40000
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
Read more...
B. 363
C. 364
D. 560
12 + 22 + 32 + + n 2 = n 2 =
Read More ...
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
22 + 42 + 62 + + 142
2
= (2 1) + (2 2) + (2 3) + + (2 7 )
2
= (2 1 ) + (2 2 ) + (2 3 ) + + (2 7 )
= 22 (12 + 22 + 32 + + 72 )
= 22 [
n(n + 1)(2n + 1)
6
4 7 8 15
6
]= 4[
7(7 + 1)[(2 7) + 1]
6
4785
2
= 2785
= 56 10 = 560
95. The sum of the two numbers is 11 and their product is 24. What is the sum of the reciprocals of these
numbers ?
7
12
11
C.
24
11
12
7
D.
8
A.
B.
1 1 11
+ =
y x 24
96. What is the difference between the place values of two sevens in the numeral 54709479 ?
A. 699930
B. 699990
C. 99990
D. None of these
97. Which of the following numbers completely divides (461 + 462 + 463 + 464) ?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 8
98. A number when divided by 75 leaves 34 as remainder. What will be the remainder if the same number is
divided by 65?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 6
D. 9
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the number be x
Let x 75 = p and remainder = 34
=> x = 75p + 34
= (25p 3) + 25 + 9
= 25(3p + 1) + 9
Hence, if the number is divided by 25, we will get 9 as
remainder
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
90 = 10 9
7490xy is divisible by 90. Since 10 and 9 are factors of 90,
7490xy is divisible by 10 and 7490xy is divisible by 9
B. 100
C. 102
D. 101
1. Prime Numbers
2. Divisibility Rules
101 < 11
101 is not divisible by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7.
Hence 101 is a prime number
Since 100 is not a prime number, 101 is the smallest 3 digit prime number
107 < 11
107 is also not divisible by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7.
101. Which is the natural number nearest to 11720 and completely divisible by 58?
A. 11716
B. 11712
C. 11718
D. 11714
B. 562892222
C. 562892212
D. 562892202
B. 19901
C. 19900
D. 20100
1+2+3++n = n =
Read More...
n(n + 1)
2
n(n + 1)
2
200 201
= 100 201 = 20100
2
200(200 + 1)
2
OR
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
th
l = t n = n term = a + (n 1)d
n = 200
Sn =
n
200
[a +l]=
[ 1 + 200 ] = 100 201 = 20100
2
2
104. The number 1242*2 is completely divisible by 3. What is the smallest number in place of * ?
A. 3
B. 2
C. 1
D. 0
1242*2 is divisible by 3
=> 1 + 2 + 4 + 2 + * + 2 is divisible by 3
=> 11 + * is divisible by 3
We need to find out the smallest value of * which satisfies the
above equation.
Hence, the smallest value of * is 1 such that 11 + 1 = 12 which
is divisible by 3
B. 1890
C. 4230
D. 6237
1. Divisibility by 3
2. Divisibility by 7
2. Divisibility by 9
2. Divisibility by 11
1. Testing 4230
4 + 2 + 3 + 0 = 9. 9 is divisible by 3. Hence 4230 is also
divisible by 3
4 + 2 + 3 + 0 = 9. 9 is divisible by 9. Hence 4230 is also
divisible by 9
423 - (2 0) = 423
42 - (2 3) = 36
36 is not divisible by 7. Hence 4230 is not divisible by 7
Hence 4230 does not meet all divisibility conditions
2. Testing 1890
1 + 8 + 9 + 0 = 18. 18 is divisible by 3. Hence 1890 is also
divisible by 3
1 + 8 + 9 + 0 = 18. 18 is divisible by 9. Hence 1890 is also
divisible by 9
189 - (2 0) = 189
18 - (2 9) = 0
B. 68.8
C. 60.6
D. 59.6
= 60.8
143 72
= ?
107.
98
A. 1642
B. 1802
C. 2022
D. 1372
143 72
143 72
=
98
14 7
= 142 7 = 196 7 = 1372
108. What smallest number should be added to 8444 such that the sum is completely divisible by 7 ?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
B. 5289244
C. 5289214
D. 5289324
B. 240
C. 80
D. 120
2
40
= 32
3 100
x = 32
100 3
10 3
3
= 32
= 8 10 = 4 10 3 = 120
40
2
4
2
2
111. If a whole number n is divided by 4, we will get 3 as remainder. What will be the remainder if 2n is
divided by 4 ?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
B. 230759
C. 230769
D. 240759
113. The number 367505*8 is completely divisible by 8. What is the smallest whole number in place of *?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
367505*8 is divisible by 8
=> 5*8 is divisible by 8
We need to find out the smallest value of * which satisfies the
condition 5*8 is divisible by 8
518 is not divisible by 8
528 is divisible by 8. Hence the smallest value of * is 2 which
satisfies the condition
5*8 is divisible by 8
1
2
3
C.
5
A.
2
5
2
D.
3
B.
?=
170 34 2
=
=
425 85 5
B. 7
C. 6
D. 5
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the
B. 377
C. 469
D. 176
469 < 22
Prime numbers < 22 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
469 is not divisible by 2
469 is not divisible by 3
469 is not divisible by 5
But 469 is divisible by 7
Hence 469 is not a prime number
176 < 14
Prime numbers < 14 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13
176 is divisible by 2
Hence 176 is not a prime number
377 < 20
Prime numbers < 20 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19
377 is not divisible by 2
377 is not divisible by 3
377 is not divisible by 5
377 is not divisible by 7
377 is not divisible by 11
But 377 is divisible by 13
117. In a division sum, the divisor is 10 times the quotient and 5 times the remainder. If the remainder is
46, find out the dividend.
A. 4426
B. 3426
C. 4336
D. 5336
=> Quotient =
230
= 23
10
Dividend
= (Divisor Quotient) + Remainder
= (230 23) + 46
= 5290 + 46
= 5336
118. The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, 6 is obtained as
quotient and 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number ?
A. 310
B. 330
C. 250
D. 270
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the smaller number be x
and the bigger number be (x + 1365)
(x + 1365) x = 6, remainder = 15
=> (x + 1365) = 6x + 15
=> 5x = 1350
=> x = 1350/5 = 270
Smaller number = x = 270
119. Difference between the squares of two consecutive odd integers is always divisible by
A. 8
B. 7
C. 6
D. 3
120. A number was divided successively in order by 4, 5 and 6. The remainders were 2, 3 and 4
respectively. What is the number?
A. 224
B. 324
C. 304
D. 214
B. 205
C. 190
D. 210
1+2+3++n = n =
n(n + 1)
2
Read More...
n(n + 1)
2
20 21
= 10 21 = 210
2
20(20 + 1)
2
OR
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
n = 20
Sn =
n
20
[a +l]=
[ 1 + 20 ] = 10 21 = 210
2
2
B. 37212
C. 37532
D. 38122
123. In dividing a number by 585, a student employed the method of short division. He divided the number
successively by 5, 9 and 13 and got the remainders 4, 8, 12 respectively. What would have been the
remainder if he had divided the number by 585?
A. 144
B. 292
C. 24
D. 584
P 5 = Q, remainder = 4
Q 9 = R, remainder = 8
R 13 = 1, remainder = 12
Hence R = 1 13 + 12 = 25
Q = 9R + 8 = (9 25) + 8 = 225 + 8 = 233
P = 5Q + 4 = (5 233) + 4 = 1165 + 4 = 1169
P 585 = 1169 585 = 1, remainder = 584
124. A number when divided successively by 4 and 5 leaves remainders 1 and 4 respectively. What will be
the respective remainders if it is successively divided by 5 and 4?
A. 1,2
B. 2, 3
C. 3, 2
D. 2,1
B. 672
C. 662
D. 702
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
Required Sum = 10 + 12 + 14 + + 52
This is an Arithmetic Progression with
a = 10
l = 52
d = 12 10 = 2
n=
(l a)
(52 10)
+1 =
+ 1 = 21 + 1 = 22
d
2
Sn =
n
22
[a +l]=
[ 10 + 52 ] = 11 62 = 682
2
2
126. The number 13*48 is exactly divisible by 72. Find out the minimum value of * .
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
72 = 8 9
Hence 8 and 9 are factors of 72
Hence, if the a number is divisible by 72, it must be divisible by
8 and 9 also
13*48 is divisible by 72. Since 9 and 8 are factors of 72,
13*48 is divisible by 9 and 13*48 is divisible by 8
13*48 is divisible by 9.
=> 1 + 3 + * + 4 + 8 is divisible by 9
=> 16 + * is divisible by 9 -----------------------(Equation
1)
13*48 is divisible by 8
=> *48 is divisible by 8
=> * can be 2 or 4 or 6 or 8 -----------------------(Equation
2)
We need to find out the minimum value of * which satisfies
both equation 1 and 2
Take the value * = 2 from Equation 2
16 + * = 16 + 2 = 18 is divisible by 9.
Hence * = 2 is the minimum value which satisfies both equation
1 and 2
and this is the answer
OR
B. 4122
C. 3141
D. 3222
Take 3222
3 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9 which is divisible by 3 and 9.
Hence 3222 is divisible by 3 and 9
Take 3141
3 + 1 + 4 + 1 = 9 which is divisible by 3 and 9.
Hence 3141 is divisible by 3 and 9
Take 4122
4 + 1 + 2 + 2 = 9 which is divisible by 3 and 9.
Hence 4122 is divisible by 3 and 9
Take 5271
5 + 2 + 7 + 1 = 15 which is divisible by 3 , but not divisible by
9.
Hence 5271 is divisible by 3 , but not divisible by 9
128. When a number is divided by 13, the remainder is 6. When the same number is divided by 7, then
remainder is 1. What is the number ?
A. 243
C. 312
Hide Answer | Notebook | Discuss
Here is the answer and explanation
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Take 243
243 7 = 34, Remainder = 5
B. 253
D. None of these
B. 820
C. 790
D. 810
n=
(l a)
+1
d
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
Read more
Required Sum = 12 + 18 + 24 + + 96
This is an Arithmetic Progression with
a = 12
l = 96
d=6
n=
(l a)
(96 12)
+1 =
+ 1 = 14 + 1 = 15
d
6
Sn =
n
15
15 108
[a +l]=
[ 12 + 96 ] =
= 15 54 = 810
2
2
2
B. 4006004
C. 4002004
D. 4004004
OR
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
2002 2002 = 20022
= (2000 + 2)2
= 2000 2 + (2 2000 2) + 22
= 4000000 + 8000 + 4
= 4008004
OR
Using speed mathematics techniques given at Speed Mathematics
which will save a lot of time when doing calculations.
131. Which natural number is completely divisible by 123 and nearest to 410081
A. 410082
B. 409959
C. 410078
D. 410071
132. What is the difference between the place value and the face value of 6 in the numeral 296827?
A. None of these
B. 5999
C. 994
D. 5994
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Place value of 6 = 6000
Face value of 6 = 6
Difference = 6000 - 6 = 5994
133. The sum of a series, 27 + 36 + 45 + ... + 162 is 1512. What is the number of terms in the series?
A. 14
B. 15
C. 16
D. 17
Sn =
n
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = [ a + l ]
2
2
d= common difference,
a = 27
d = 36 27 = 9
S n = 27 + 36 + 45+. . . +162 = 1512
n
[ 2a + (n 1)d ] = 1512
2
n
[ (2 27) + (n 1)9 ] = 1512
2
n
[ 54 + 9n 9 ] = 1512
2
n(5 + n) = 336
n 2 + 5n 336 = 0
b b2 4ac
n=
2a
5 52 [4 1 (336)]
(2 1)
5 (25 + 1344)
5 1369
5 37
=
=
=
2
2
2
5 + 37
=
( since n is the number of terms, only positive value is applicable here)
2
32
=
= 16
2
= Hence, number of terms = 16
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2 - Solving the quadratic equation using hit and trial method
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Take Equation 1 : n(5 + n) = 336
Take the values given in the choices and see which value satisfies the above equation
If n = 14, n(5 + n) = 14 19 = 266 ? 336
If n = 15, n(5 + n) = 15 20 = 300 ? 336
If n = 16, n(5 + n) = 16 21 = 336.
Hence n = 16 satisfies equation 1.
Hence, number of terms = 16
1
2
3
3+ +1 = ?
4
3
5
189
199
A.
B.
60
60
129
169
C.
D.
60
60
134.
5+
5+
1
2
3
3+ +1
4
3
5
= (5 3 + 1) + (
1 2 3
+ )
4 3 5
= 3+
(1 15 + 2 20 3 12)
60
= 3+
19
60
180 + 19
60
199
60
B. 5
C. 6
D. 8
80 = 10 8
996ab is divisible by 80. Since 10 and 8 are factors of 80,
996ab is divisible by 10 and 996ab is divisible by 8
996ab is divisible by 10. We know that A number is divisible by
10 if the last digit is 0.
Hence b = 0
Thus we have the number 996a0 which is divisible by 8
=> 6a0 is divisible by 8
=> a = 0 or 4 or 8
Hence, (a + b)
= (0 + 0) or (4 + 0) or (8 + 0)
= 0 or 4 or 8
A. 320
B. 100
C. 120
D. 0
137. On multiplying a number by 3, the product is a number each of whose digits is 7. What is the smallest
such number?
A. 259129
B. 259219
C. 259279
D. 259259
138. On dividing a number by 357, 39 is obtained as remainder. On dividing the same number by 17, what
will be the remainder ?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
139.
444 666
=?
3
4
A. 22622
B. 22642
C. 24622
D. 24642
444 666
3
4
=
444 666
34
= 111 222
= 24642
140. A student divides a number by 5 and get 3 as remainder. If his friend divides the square of the
number by 5, what will be the remainder?
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 3
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
Read more...
Let P be the number
P 5 = a and remainder = 3
Then P = 5a + 3
P2 = (5a + 3)2
= (5a)2 + (2 5a 3) + 32
= 25a2 + 30a + 9
= 25a2 + 30a + 5 + 4
= 5(5a2 + 6a + 1) + 4
Hence when P2 is divided by 5, we will get 4 as remainder
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
( 7 7 = 49 and 9 is the
( 117 = 1)
142. What is the unit digit in the product (2344 6892 349 527 238) ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
( 4 2 = 8)
( 8 9 = 72 and 2 is the unit
143. Which is the common factor of (22121 + 19121) and (22231+ 19231) ?
A. (22 - 19)
B. (22 + 19)
C. (22231 + 19231)
D. (22121 + 19121)
Explanation :
B. 8
C. 3424
D. 2344
=?
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
Read more...
(a + b) (a b)
Given expression is in the form
ab
(a 2 + 2ab + b2 ) (a 2 2ab + b2 )
=
ab
=
4ab
ab
=4
145. A number when divided by 44, gives 432 as quotient and 0 as remainder. What will be the remainder
B. 0
C. 5
D. 8
B. log51 = 0
C. log(3+4) = log(3 4)
D. log55 = 1
2. Log5(0) = ?
A. None of these
B. 5
C. 0
D. 1
log 5
=?
log 5
1
1
B.
A.
2
5
1
1
D.
C.
8
4
3.
Explanation :
log 5
=
log 5
1
log(5) 2
log 5
1
log 5
1
2
=
=
log 5
2
log 6
=?
log 3 6
1
1
A.
B.
3
2
2
3
D.
C.
3
2
4.
1
log(6) 2
1
log 6
log 6
3
2
=
=
=
3
1
1
2
log 6
log 6
3
log(6 ) 3
5.
If log
a
b
+ log = log(a + b), then
b
a
A. a = b
B. a + b = 1
C. a - b = 1
D. a2 - b2 = 1
log
a
b
+ log = log(a + b)
b
a
log (
a b
) = log(a + b)
b a
log(1) = log(a + b)
a+b = 1
B. 0.903
C. 1.806
D. None of these
log(4) =
1.806
3
1.806
= 2 0.062 = 1.204
3
B. 3.88
C. 3.91
D. 2.97
log (210 )
log 1024
log 5 1024 =
=
log 5
10
log ( )
2
=
10 log(2)
log 10 log 2
10 0.3010
3.01
3010
=
=
= 4.31
1 0.3010
0.699
699
8. if log 2 = 0.30103 and log 3 = 0.4771, find the number of digits in (648)5.
A. 15
B. 14
C. 13
D. 12
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
log(648)5 = 5 log(648) = 5 log(81 8)
= 5 [ log(81) + log(8) ] = 5 [ log(34) + log(23) ] = 5 [ 4log(3) +
3log(2) ]
= 5 [ 4 0.4771 + 3 0.30103 ] = 5(1.9084 + 0.90309)
= 5 2.81149 14.05
ie, log(648)5 14.05
ie, its characteristic = 14
Hence, number of digits in (648)5 = 14+1 = 15
B. 39
C. 40
D. 41
9
1
) = , find the value of x
32
8
10.
log x (
A. (
9
)
32
32
)
C. (
9
9
)
32
32
)
D. (
9
B. (
Explanation :
log x (
9
1
)=
32
8
9
32
x 1/8 =
1
x 1/8
9
32
32
9
x 1/8 =
32
x=( )
9
9
1
log x ( ) = , find the value of x
4
2
81
16
A.
B.
16
9
16
9
C.
D.
81
16
11.
9
1
log x ( ) =
4
2
9
4
x 1/2 =
1
x 1/2
4
9
x 1/2 =
4
x=( )
9
9
4
16
81
12. if ax = by , then
log a
x
=
log b
y
a
x
C. log
=
b y
A.
B. None of these
D.
log a
y
=
log b
x
a x = by
log (a x ) = log (by )
x log a = y log b
log a
y
=
log b
x
B. 6
C. 9
D. 8
B. 21000
C. 210000
D. 210
B. 5.204
C. 1.204
D. 3.204
16.
1
1
1
+
+
=?
log2 48 log 4 48 log 6 48
A. -1
B. 2
C. 0
D. 1
1
1
1
+
+
log2 48 log 4 48 log 6 48
= log 48 2 + log48 4 + log 48 6
= log 48 (2 4 6)
= log 48 (48)
=1
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
18.
A. -(a+2)
B. -(a+1)
C. (a+2)
D. (a+1)
1
)
200
log 10 (
1
)
200
1000
4771
B.
C. 1.4313
10000
4771
D. 0.4771
log 3 10 =
1
1
10000
=
=
log 10 3 0.4771
4771
B. 125
C. 1/125
D. 1/25
log 5 (x 2 + x) log5 (x + 1) = 3
log 5 (
x2 + x
)=3
x+1
log 5 [
x(x + 1)
]=3
x+1
log 5 x = 3
x = 53 = 125
21.
1
log 10 125 2 log10 4 + log 10 32
3
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
D. 3
1
log 10 125 2 log 10 4 + log 10 32
3
=log 10 (1251/3 ) log 10 (42 ) + log 10 32
= log 10 5 log10 16 + log 10 32
= log 10 (
5 32
)
16
= log 10 (10)
=1
22.
log (
a2
b2
c2
) + log ( ) + log ( ) = ?
bc
ac
ab
A. None of these
B. abc
C. 1
D. 0
a2
b2
c2
log ( ) + log ( ) + log ( )
bc
ac
ab
a 2 b2 c2
= log (
) = log(1) = 0
bc ac ab
B.
1
32
C.
1
64
D. 32
log 2 x = 6
x = (2)
24.
1
1
=
6
64
2
A. 1024
B. 256
C. 8
D. 16
log 4 x + log 2 x = 12
log x
log x
+
= 12
log 4
log 2
log x
log 22
log x
= 12
log 2
log x
log x
+
= 12
2 log 2
log 2
log x + 2 log x
= 12
2 log 2
3 log x
= 12
2 log 2
12 2 log 2
= 8 log 2 = log (28 ) = log(256)
3
log x =
x = 256
2
3
3
C.
2
A.
B.
3
2
D. None of these
(.001) = 100
(
1
)
1000
1
)
3
10
[(10) 3 ]
= 100
= 102
p
= 102
(10) 3p = 102
3p = 2
2
3
p=
B. 25
C. 3
D. 6
log 5
log 200
log 125
= log5 125 = log 5 (53 ) = 3
log 5
C. 2(3
B. 1
2
D. 3(2 )
log100[log3(log2 x)] = 1
log100[log3(log2 x)] = log100(100)
log3(log2 x) = 100
log2 x = 3100
100)
x = 2(3
B. None of these
C. 256
D. 1024
B. 0
C. 2
D. 1
1
log 3 log 4 log 5 log 6 log 7 log 8
log 9
log 32
2 log 3
=
=
=
=2
log 3
log 3
log 3
30. log(-2)(-2) = ?
A. None of these
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1
Alligation
It is the rule which enables us to find the ratio in which two or more ingredients at the given price
must be mixed to produce a mixture of a specified price.
2.
Mean Price
Mean price is the cost price of a unit quantity of the mixture
3.
Suppose a container contains x of liquid from which y units are taken out and replaced by water.
y
After n operations, the quantity of pure liquid = [x(1 )
x
4.
] units.
Rule of Alligation
If two ingredients are mixed, then
Quantity of cheaper
Quantity of dearer
)= (
Mean Price
(m)
(d - m)
(m - c)
1. A container contains 40 litres of milk. From this container 4 litres of milk was taken out and replaced by
water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is now contained by the container?
A. 26 litres
B. 29.16 litres
C. 28 litres
D. 28.2 litres
y
= x(1 )
x
4
)
Hence milk now contained by the container = 40(1
40
9
9
9
4999
40
=
= 29.16
10 10 10
100
1
)
= 40(1
10
2. Tea worth Rs. 126 per kg and Rs. 135 per kg are mixed with a third variety of tea in the ratio 1 : 1 : 2.
If the mixture is worth Rs. 153 per kg, what is the price of the third variety per kg ?
A. Rs.182.50
B. Rs.170.5
C. Rs.175.50
D. Rs.180
(126 + 135)
= 130.5
2
Mean Price
153
(x - 153)
22.50
(x - 153) : 22.5 = 1 : 1
=>x - 153 = 22.50
=> x = 153 + 22.5 = 175.5
3. A milk vendor has 2 cans of milk. The first contains 25% water and the rest milk. The second contains
50% water. How much milk should he mix from each of the containers so as to get 12 litres of milk such
that the ratio of water to milk is 3 : 5?
A. 5litres, 7 litres
B. 7litres, 4 litres
C. 6litres, 6 litres
D. 4litres, 8 litres
(.25x + 6 .5x)
(.75x + 6 .5x)
3
5
(6 .25x)
3
=
5
(.25x + 6)
30 1.25x = .75x + 18
2x = 12
x=6
Since x = 6, 12-x = 12-6 = 6
Hence 6 and 6 litres of milk should mixed from the first and
second container respectively
---------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------
3
litre
4
3
4
1
litre
2
5
8
1
2
5
8
5
8
1/2
3/4
Mean Price
5/8
=> mix in 2nd can :mix in 1st can = 1/8 : 1/8 = 1:1
1
12 = 6 litre should be taken
2
4. Two vessels A and B contain spirit and water in the ratio 5 : 2 and 7 : 6 respectively. Find the ratio in
which these mixture be mixed to obtain a new mixture in vessel C containing spirit and water in the ration
8:5?
A. 3: 4
B. 4 : 3
C. 9 : 7
D. 7 : 9
Mean Price
8/13
5. The cost of Type 1 material is Rs. 15 per kg and Type 2 material is Rs.20 per kg. If both Type 1 and
Type 2 are mixed in the ratio of 2 : 3, then what is the price per kg of the mixed variety of material?
A. Rs. 19
B. Rs. 16
C. Rs. 18
D. Rs. 17
Explanation :
--------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------Cost Price(CP) of Type 1 material is Rs. 15 per kg
Cost Price(CP) of Type 2 material is Rs. 20 per kg
(15 2) + (20 3)
(2 + 3)
(30 + 60)
90
=
= 18
5
5
CP of Type 1 material
15
CP of Type 2 material
20
Mean Price
x
(20-x)
=> Type 1 material : Type 2 material = (20-x) : (x-15)
Given that Type 1 material : Type 2 material = 2 : 3
=> (20-x) : (x-15) = 2 : 3
(x-15)
(20 x)
(x 15)
2
3
3 (20 x) = 2 (x 15)
60 3x = 2x 30
90 = 5x
=> x =
90
= 18
5
6. Find the ratio in which rice at Rs. 7.20 a kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 5.70 a kg to produce a mixture
worth Rs. 6.30 a kg.
A. 4 : 3
B. 3 : 4
C. 2 : 3
D. 3 : 2
Mean Price
6.3
6.3 - 5.7 = .6
Required Ratio = .6 : .9 = 6:9 = 2:3
7.2 - 6.3 = .9
7. 8 litres are drawn from a cask full of wine and is then filled with water. This operation is performed three
more times. The ratio of the quantity of wine now left in cask to that of the water is 16 : 65. How much
wine did the cask originally hold?
A. 30 litres
B. 26 litres
C. 24 litres
D. 32 litres
y
After a total of 4 operations, quantity of wine = x(1 )
x
8
= x(1 )
x
8
x(1 )
x
Hence we can write as
x
4
(1
8
)
x
(1
8
2
)=
x
3
2
=( )
3
16
81
x8
2
)=
x
3
3x 24 = 2x
x = 24
8. A jar full of whiskey contains 40% alcohol. A part of this whisky is replaced by another containing 19%
alcohols and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 26%. The quantity of whisky replaced is
A.
4
3
B.
3
4
C.
3
2
D.
2
3
Concentration of alcohol in
1st Jar
40%
Concentration of alcohol in
2nd Jar
19%
Mean
26%
14
9. How many kilograms of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per
Kg so that there may be a gain of 10 % by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per Kg ?
A. 60 Kg
B. 63 kg
C. 58 Kg
D. 56 Kg
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
9.24
(100 + 10)
100
92.4
9.24 =
= Rs. 8.4
110
11
Mean Price
Rs.8.4
8.4 - 7 = 1.4
9 - 8.4 = .6
ie, to get a cost price of 8.4, the sugars of kind1 and kind2
should be mixed in the
ratio 1.4 : .6 = 14 : 6 = 7 : 3
Let x Kg of kind1 sugar is mixed with 27 kg of kind2 sugar
then x : 27 = 7 : 3
x
7
=
27 3
x = 27
7
= 63
3
10. In what ratio should rice at Rs.9.30 per Kg be mixed with rice at Rs. 10.80 per Kg so that the mixture
be worth Rs.10 per Kg ?
A. 7 : 8
B. 8 : 7
C. 6 : 7
D. 7 ; 6
Mean Price
10
10.8-10 = .8
10 - 9.3 = .7
Required ratio = .8 : .7 = 8 : 7.
11. In what ratio must tea worth Rs. 60 per kg be mixed with tea worth Rs. 65 a Kg such that by selling
the mixture at Rs. 68.20 a Kg ,there can be a gain 10%?
A. 3 : 2
B. 2 : 3
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 4
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
68.20
(100 + 10)
100
682
68.20 =
= Rs. 62
110
11
Mean Price
62
65 - 62 = 3
Hence required ratio = 3 : 2
62 - 60 = 2
12. A container contains a mixture of two liquids P and Q in the ratio 7 : 5. When 9 litres of mixture are
drawn off and the container is filled with Q, the ratio of P and Q becomes 7 : 9. How many litres of liquid P
was contained in the container initially?
A. 23
B. 21
C. 19
D. 17
7
63 21
=
=
12 12
4
5
45 15
=
=
12 12
4
Hence
Quantity of P remains in the mixtures after 9 litres is drawn off =7x
21
4
15
4
Since the container is filled with Q after 9 litres of mixture is drawn off,
Quantity of Q in the mixtures = 5x
15
21
+ 9 = 5x +
4
4
21
21
) : (5x +
) = 7 :9
4
4
21
)
4
21
(5x +
)
4
(7x
63x (
7
9
9 21
7 21
) = 35x + (
)
4
4
28x = (
x= (
16 21
)
4
16 21
)
4 28
7 16 21
16 21
)=
= 21
4 28
44
13. A vessel is filled with liquid, 3 parts of which are water and 5 parts of syrup. How much of the mixture
must be drawn off and replaced with water so that the mixture may be half water and half syrup?
1
3
1
C.
5
A.
1
4
1
D.
6
B.
Let the quantity of the initial liquid in the vessel = 8 litre and
quantity of water in the initial liquid = 3 litre and
quantity of syrup in the initial liquid = 5 litre
Let x litre of the mixture is drawn off and replaced with water
Quantity of water in the new mixture = 3
3x
+x
8
5x
8
3x
5x
+x = 5
8
8
10x
=2
8
5x
=2
4
x=
8
5
8
litre
5
8 1 1
=
5 8 5
14. In what ratio must water be mixed with milk costing Rs.12 per litre in order to get a mixture worth of
Rs.8 per litre?
A. 1 : 3
B. 2 : 2
C. 1 : 2
D. 3 : 1
Mean Price
8
12-8=4
8-0=8
Required Ratio = 4 : 8 = 1 : 2
15. In what ratio must tea at Rs.62 per Kg be mixed with tea at Rs. 72 per Kg so that the mixture must be
worth Rs. 64.50 per Kg?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 1
D. 1 : 3
Mean Price
64.5
72-64.5=7.5
64.5-62=2.5
16. In what ratio must a grocer mix two varieties of pulses costing Rs.15 and Rs. 20 per kg respectively to
obtain a mixture worth Rs.16.50 per Kg?
A. 1 : 2
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 7
D. 7 : 3
CP of 1 kg of 1st variety
pulse
15
CP of 1 kg of 2nd variety
pulse
20
Mean Price
16.5
20-16.5 = 3.5
16.5-15=1.5
17. A merchant has 1000 kg of sugar part of which he sells at 8% profit and the rest at 18% profit. He
gains 14% on the whole. The Quantity sold at 18% profit is
A. 300
B. 400
C. 600
D. 500
18
Net % profit
14
18-14=4
14-8=6
3
= 600Kg
5
18. A dishonest milkman sells his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water and thereby gains 25%.
What is the percentage of water in the mixture?
A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 22%
D. 24%
Error
(True Value Error)
100] %
x
100
(T x)
x
4
(T x)
T x = 4x
T = 5x
percentage of water in the mixture =
x
x
1
100 =
100 = 100 = 20%
T
5x
5
100
(100 + Gain%)
SP
100
100 4
1 =
=
125 5
(100 + 25)
CP of 1 litre milk
1
CP of 1 litre water
0
CP of 1 litre mixture
4/5
4/5 - 0 = 4/5
1- 4/5 = 1/5
19.
1
100 = 20%
5
2
% on selling the mixture at cost price?
3
A. 6 : 1
B. 1 : 6
C. 1 : 4
D. 4 : 1
2
50
%=
%
3
3
CP of 1 litre mixture =
100
50
(100 +
)
3
100
(100 + Gain%)
1 =
100
350
(
)
3
SP
300 6
=
350 7
CP of 1 litre water
0
CP of 1 litre milk
1
CP of 1 litre mixture
6/7
1 - 6/7 = 1/7
6/7 - 0 = 6/7
20. In what ratio must rice at Rs.7.10 be mixed with rice at Rs.9.20 so that the mixture may be worth Rs.8
per Kg?
A. 5 : 4
B. 2 : 1
C. 3 : 2
D. 4 : 3
Mean Price
8
9.2 - 8 = 1.2
8 - 7.1 = .9
21. How many Kg of rice at Rs.6.60 per Kg. be mixed with 56Kg of rice at Rs.9.60 per Kg to get a mixture
worth Rs.8.20 per Kg
A. 56 Kg
B. 52 Kg
C. 44 Kg
D. 49 Kg
Quantity of 1st kind rice : Quantity of 2nd kind rice = 1.4 : 1.6
=7 : 8
Quantity of 1st kind rice : 56 = 7 : 8
7
= 49
8
22. How many litres of water must be added to 16 liters of milk and water contains 10% water to make it
20% water in it
A. 4 litre
B. 2 litre
C. 1 litre
D. 3 litre
% Concentration of water
in pure water : 100
% Concentration of water
in the given mixture : 10
Mean % concentration
20
20 - 10 = 10
100 - 20 = 80
Quantity of water = 16
1
= 2 litre
8
23. We have a 630 ml of mixture of milk and water in the ratio 7:2. How much water must be added to
make the ratio 7:3?
A. 70 ml
B. 60 ml
C. 80 ml
D. 50 ml
concentration of water
in mixture1 : 2/9
concentration of water
in pure water : 1
Mean concentration
3/10
1 - 3/10 = 7/10
1
= 70 ml
9
24. 3 litre of water is added to 11 litre of a solution containing 42% of alcohol in the water. The
percentage of alcohol in the new mixture is
A. 25%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 33%
11 42
100
11 42
100
Percentage of alcohol in the new solution =
100
14
=
11 3
= 33%
100
Mean %Concentration
42 - x
x-0=x
But (42 - x) : x = 3 : 11
42 x
3
=
x
11
42 x
3
=
x
11
42 11 11x = 3x
14x = 42 11
x = 3 11 = 33
=> The percentage of alcohol in the new mixture is 33%
25. Rs.460 was divided among 41 boys and girls such that each boy Rs.12 and each girl got Rs.8. What is
the number of boys?
A. 33
B. 30
C. 36
D. 28
=> b =
132
= 33
4
-----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------Given that Amount received by a boy = Rs.12 and
Amount received by a girl =Rs.8
Total amount = 460
Given that number of boys + Number of girls = 41
Hence mean amount = 460/41
By the rule of alligation, we have
Mean amount
460/41
460/41 - 8 =132/41
12 - 460/41 = 32/41
33
= 33
41
26. A trader has 1600Kg of sugar. He sells a part at 8% profit and the rest at 12% profit. If he gains 11%
on the whole , find the quantity sold at 12%.
A. 1200 Kg
B. 1400 Kg
C. 1600 Kg
D. 800 Kg
Net % Profit
11
12 - 11 = 1
11 - 8 = 3
3
= 1200
4
27. In 40 litres of a mixture the ratio of milk to water is 7:1. In order to make the ratio of milk to water as
3:1, the quantity of water that should be added to the mixture will be
2
litre
3
2
C. 6
litre
3
A.
1
litre
3
B.
D.
6 litre
Concentration of water
in pure water : 1
Concentration of water
in mixture : 1/8
1 - 1/4 = 3/4
Quantity of water = 40
1
2
= 6 litre
6
3
28. Some amount out Rs.7000 was lent at 6% per annum and the remaining was lent at 4% per annum. If
the total simple interest from both the fractions in 5 years was Rs.1600, the sum lent of 6% per annum
was
A. Rs. 2400
B. Rs. 2200
C. Rs. 2000
D. Rs. 1800
pnr
7000 5 r
=> 1600 =
100
100
1600 100
160 32
=> r =
=
=
%
7000 5
35
7
Simple Interest, I =
32/7 - 4 =4/7
6 - 32/7 = 10/7
2
= Rs. 2000
7
29. In 1 kg mixture of iron and manganese 20% of manganese. How much iron should be added so that the
proportion of manganese becomes 10%
A. 1.5 Kg
B. 2 Kg
C. .5 Kg
D. 1 Kg
Percentage concentration of
manganese in the mixture :
20
Percentage concentration
of
manganese in pure iron :
0
10 - 0 = 10
20 - 10 = 10
30. John bought 20 kg of wheat at the rate of Rs.8.50 per kg and 35 kg at the rate of Rs.8.75 per kg. He
mixed the two. Approximately at what price per kg should he sell the mixture to make 40% profit as the
cost price?
A. Rs.12
B. Rs.8
C. Rs.16
D. Rs.20
(100 + P rofit%)
100
CP =
(100 + 40)
140
476.25 =
476.25
100
100
140
19.05 = 35 19.05
4
Total quantity = 20 + 35 = 55 Kg
SP per Kg =
35 19.05
7 19.05
=
55
11
7 19
133
12
11
11
Partnership
Two or more people can get together to do business by pooling resources. The deal is known as
partnership. All the people who have invested money in the partnership are called partners.
2.
If investments of all the partners are for the same time period, the gain or loss is distributed among
the partners = the ratio of their investments.
Assume P and Q invest Rs. a and Rs. b respectively for a year in a partnership, then at the end of
the year:
(P's share of profit) : (Q's share of profit) = a : b.
3.
If investments are for different time periods, then equivalent capitals are calculated for a unit of
time
Assume A invests Rs. a for x months and B invests Rs. b for y months then,
(A's share of profit) : (B's share of profit)= ax : by.
4.
5.
1. X and Y invest Rs.21000 and Rs.17500 respectively in a business. At the end of the year, they make a
profit of Rs.26400. What is the share of X in the profit?
A. Rs.14400
B. Rs.26400
C. Rs.12000
D. Rs.12500
2. X starts a business with Rs.45000. Y joins in the business after 3 months with Rs.30000. What will be
the ratio in which they should share the profit at the end of the year?
A. 1:2
B. 2:1
C. 1:3
D. 3:1
3. Suresh started a business with Rs.20,000. Kiran joined him after 4 months with Rs.30,000. After 2
months, Suresh withdrew Rs.5,000 of his capital and 2 more months later, Kiran brought in Rs.20,000 more.
What should be the ratio in which they should share their profits at the end of the year?
A. 21:32
B. 32:21
C. 12:17
D. 17:12
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Here capital is not the same.
Suresh invest 20000 for initial 6 months and 15000 for the next
6 months.
Hence his term of ratio
=( 20000*6 + 15000*6)
4. Kamal started a business with Rs.25000 and after 4 months, Kiran joined him with Rs.60000. Kamal
received Rs.58000 including 10% of profit as commission for managing the business. What amount did Kiran
receive?
A. 75000
B. 70000
C. 72000
D. 78000
commission for
5. A and B started a partnership business investing Rs. 20,000 and Rs. 15,000 respectively. C joined them
with Rs. 20,000 After six months. Calculate B's share in total profit of Rs. 25,000 earned at the end of 2
years from the starting of the business?
A. 7500
B. 8500
C. 9000
D. 8000
6. A starts a business with a capital of Rs. 85,000. B joins in the business with Rs.42500 after some time.
For how much period does B join, if the profits at the end of the year are divided in the ratio of 3 : 1?
A. 5 months
B. 6 months
C. 7 months
D. 8 months
7. A starts a business with Rs.40,000. After 2 months, B joined him with Rs.60,000. C joined them after
some more time with Rs.1,20,000. At the end of the year, out of a total profit of Rs.3,75,000, C gets
Rs.1,50,000 as his share. How many months after B joined the business, did C join?
A. 4 months
B. 5 months
C. 6 months
D. 7 months
=8 : 10 : 2x
=4 : 5 : x
8. A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3: 2. Assume that 5% of the total profit goes to charity. If A's
share is Rs. 855, what is the total profit?
A. 1400
B. 1500
C. 1600
D. 1200
9. A, B and C invest in a partnership in the ratio: 7/2, 4/3, 6/5. After 4 months, A increases his share
50%. If the total profit at the end of one year be Rs. 21,600, then what is B's share in the profit?
A. Rs. 2000
B. Rs. 3000
C. Rs. 4000
D. Rs. 5000
10. A, B and C jointly thought of engaging themselves in a business venture. It was agreed that A would
invest Rs. 6500 for 6 months, B, Rs. 8400 for 5 months and C, Rs. 10,000 for 3 months. A wants to be the
working member for which, he was to receive 5% of the profits. The profit earned was Rs. 7400. What is
the share of B in the profit.
A. 2660
B. 1000
C. 2300
D. 4000
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A is a working member and for that, he receive 5% of the profit
= 5% of 7400 = 5*7400/100 = 370
11. A, B, C subscribe Rs. 50,000 for a business. If A subscribes Rs. 4000 more than B and B Rs. 5000 more
than C, out of a total profit of Rs. 35,000, what will be the amount A receives?
A. 14200
B. 14700
C. 14800
D. 14500
12. A, B, C rent a pasture. If A puts 10 oxen for 7 months, B puts 12 oxen for 5 months and C puts 15
oxen for 3 months for grazing and the rent of the pasture is Rs. 175, then how much amount should C pay
as his share of rent?
A. 45
B. 35
C. 55
D. 60
13. A and B entered into partnership with capitals in the ratio 4 : 5. After 3 months, A withdrew of his
capital and B withdrew 1/5 of his capital. At the end of 10 months, the gain was Rs. 760. What is A's
share in the profit?
A. 310
B. 330
C. 370
D. 350
Explanation :
Ratio of the initial capital of A and B = 4 : 5
Hence we can take the initial capitals of A and B as 4x and 5x
respectively
14. A starts a business with Rs. 3500. After 5 months, B joins with A as his partner. After a year, the
profit is divided in the ratio 2 : 3. B's contribution in the capital is
A. 7000
B. 8000
C. 9000
D. 10000
15. A, B and C shared the profit in a business in the ratio 5 : 7 : 8. They had partnered for 14 months, 8
months and 7 months respectively. What was the ratio of their investments?
A. 10:12:14
B. 12:24:28
C. 20:22:12
D. 20:49:64
14a/8b = 5/7
=> 98a = 40b
=> b = 98a/40 = 49a/20 ---(1)
14a/7c =5/8
=> 2a/c =5/8
=> 16a = 5c
=> c = 16a/5 ---(2)
16. A and B started a partnership business investing capital in the ratio of 3 : 5. C joined in the
partnership after six months with an amount equal to that of B. At the end of one year, the profit should
be distributed among A, B and C in --- proportion.
A. 10 : 5 : 4
B. 5 : 3 : 4
C. 3 : 4: 5
D. 6 : 10 : 5
17. A & B partner in a business , A contribute 1/4 of the capital for 15 months & B received 2/3 of the
profit . For how long B's money was used
A. 12 months
B. 10 months
C. 14 months
D. 16 months
=> 5 : b = 1 : 2
=> 5/b = 1/ 2
=> b = 5*2 = 10
18. A , B , C started a partnership business by investing Rs 27000 , 72000 , 81000 respectively. At the
end of the year , the profit were distributed among them. If C's share of profit is 36000, What is the total
profit?
A. 80000
B. 90000
C. 70000
D. 120000
19. A & B started a partnership business. A's investment was thrice the investment of B and the period of
his investment was two times the period of investments of B. If B received Rs 4000 as profit , what is their
total profit?
A. 28000
B. 30000
C. 32000
D. 34000
A : B = 3x * 2y : xy
=6 : 1
20. P and Q invested in a business. The profit earned was divided in the ratio 2 : 3. If P invested Rs
40000, the amount invested by Q is
A. 40000
B. 50000
C. 60000
D. 70000
21. A & B start a business jointly. A invests Rs 16000 for 8 month & B remains in a business for 4 months.
Out of total profit, B claims 2/7 of the profit . How much money was contributed by B ?
A. 11200
B. 12000
C. 12400
D. 12800
(We can easily find out A:B as given above by doing quick
mental calculations
and it will be excellent if you can do as much as mental
calculations possible.
Just for explanation, see below steps to systematically find out
A:B
Let the total profit = x
B's share = 2x/7
A's share = x 2x/7 = 5x/7
A:B = 5x/7 : 2x/7 = 5:2)
22. A and B starts a business investing Rs.85000 and Rs.15000 respectively. Find out the ratio in which
the profit s should be shared.
A. 10:3
B. 17:3
C. 3:10
D. 3:17
23. A , B , C start a business each investing Rs 20,000 . After 5 month A withdraws Rs 5000, B withdraws
Rs 4000 & C invests Rs 6000 more . At the end of the year, a total profit of Rs 69900 was recorded . Find
the share of A
A. 20600
B. 20700
C. 20500
D. 20400
24. A invested Rs 76000 in a business. After few months, B joined him with Rs 57000. The total profit was
divided between them in the ratio 2 : 1 at the end of the year. After how many months did B join?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
25. Three partners A , B , C start a business . B's Capital is four times C's capital and twice A's capital is
equal to thrice B's capital . If the total profit is Rs 16500 at the end of a year ,Find out B's share in it.
A. 4000
B. 5000
C. 6000
D. 7000
A:B:C =6 x : 4x : x
=6 : 4 : 1
26. In a business, A and C invested amounts in the ratio 2 : 1 , whereas the ratio between amounts
invested by A and B was 3 : 2 . If Rs 157300 was their profit, how much amount did B receive?
A. 48000
B. 48200
C. 48400
D. 48600
27. P , Q and R started a business by investing Rs 120000 , Rs 135000 & Rs 150000 respectively. Find the
share of each, out of the annual profit of Rs 56700
A. 16800 , 18900 , 21000
28. If 4 (P's Capital ) = 6 ( Q's Capital ) = 10 ( R's Capital ) , then out of the total profit of Rs 4650 , R will
receive
A. 600
B. 700
C. 800
D. 900
=> 2p = 3q = 5r
=>q = 2p/3
r = 2p/5
P : Q : R = p : 2p/3 : 2p/5
= 15 : 10 : 6
29. P, Q, R enter into a partnership. P initially invests 25 lakh & adds another 10 lakhs after one year. Q
initially invests 35 lakh & withdrawal 10 lakh after 2 years and R invests Rs 30 Lakhs . In what ratio should
the profit be divided at the end of 3 years?
A. 18:19:19
B. 18:18:19
C. 19:19:18
D. 18:19:19
30. P , Q, R enter into a partnership & their share are in the ratio 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4 , after two months , P
withdraws half of the capitals & after 10 months , a profit of Rs 378 is divided among them . What is Q's
share?
A. 114
B. 120
C. 134
D. 144
Explanation :
The ratio of their initial investment = 1/2 : 1/3 : 1/4
= 6 : 4: 3
Percentage
Percent means for every 100
So, when percent is calculated for any value, it means that we calculate the value for every 100 of
the reference value.
percent is denoted by the symbol %. For example, x percent is denoted by x%
2.
x% =
x
100
Example :
3.
To express
Example :
4.
25% =
25
1
=
100
4
x
x
x
as a percent,we have
= ( 100) %
y
y
y
1
1
= ( 100) % = 25%
4
4
5.
R
(100 + R)
100] %
R
(100 R)
100] %
6.
If the population of a town = P and it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then
n
R
)
Population after n years = P (1 +
100
7.
If the population of a town = P and it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then
P
Population before n years =
n
R
(1 +
)
100
8.
If the present value of a machine = P and it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum, Then
n
R
)
Value of the machine after n years = P (1
100
9.
If the present value of a machine = P and it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum, Then
P
Value of the machine before n years =
n
R
(1
)
100
1. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his
marks was 56% of the sum of their marks. What are the marks obtained by them?
A. 42, 33
B. 42, 36
C. 44, 33
D. 44, 36
56
(2x + 9)
100
14
=> (x + 9) =
(2x + 9)
25
=> (x + 9) =
B. A is smaller than B.
between
and
cannot
E. A is greater than B.
Hide Answer | Notebook | Discuss
Here is the answer and explanation
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
A=
x
xy
y=
.................(Equation 1)
100
100
B=
y
yx
x=
.................(Equation 2)
100
100
be
B. 10% of a
C. 4% of a
D. 20% of a
=> b =
20
a
100
20
a)
100
b
b% of 20 =
20 =
100
100
4a
=
= 4% of a
100
(
20 =
20 20 a
100 100
4. Two numbers A and B are such that the sum of 5% of A and 4% of B is two-third of the sum of 6% of A
and 8% of B. Find the ratio of A : B.
A. 2 : 1
B. 1 : 2
C. 1 : 1
D. 4 : 3
2
(6% of A + 8% of B)
3
5A
4B
2 6A
8B
)
+
= (
+
100 100 3 100 100
2
5A+ 4B = (6A+ 8B)
3
15A+ 12B = 12A+ 16B
3A = 4B
A 4
=
B
3
A:B= 4 :3
5% of A + 4% of B =
5. Two employees X and Y are paid a total of Rs. 550 per week by their employer. If X is paid 120 percent
of the sum paid to Y, how much is Y paid per week?
A. Rs. 150
B. Rs. 300
C. Rs. 250
D. Rs. 200
But x = 120% of y =
120y 12y
=
100
10
12y
+ y = 550
10
12
y[
+ 1] = 550
10
22y
= 550
10
22y = 5500
5500 500
y=
=
= Rs.250
22
2
6. Rahul went to a shop and bought things worth Rs. 25, out of which 30 Paise went on sales tax on
taxable purchases. If the tax rate was 6%, then what was the cost of the tax free items?
A. Rs. 15
B. Rs. 12.10
C. Rs. 19.70
D. Rs. 16.80
30
100
30
6
30
x)
=
100
100 100
6(25 0.3 x) = 30
(25 0.3 x) = 5
x = 25 0.3 5 = 19.7
(25
7. The population of a town increased from 1,75,000 to 2,62,500 in a decade. What is the average
percent increase of population per year?
A. 4%
B. 6%
C. 5%
D. 50%
87500
8750
100 =
= 50%
175000
175
50%
Average % increase of population per year =
= 5%
10
% ncrease in the population in 10 years =
8. Three candidates contested an election and received 1136, 7636 and 11628 votes respectively. What
percentage of the total votes did the winning candidate get?
A. 57%
B. 50%
C. 52%
D. 60%
Required percentage =
11628
11628 2907 969
100 =
=
=
= 57%
20400
204
51
17
9. A fruit seller had some oranges. He sells 40% oranges and still has 420 oranges. How many oranges he
had originally?
A. 420
B. 700
C. 220
D. 400
60 Total Oranges
= 420
100
Total Oranges
=7
100
Total Oranges = 7 100 = 700
10. A batsman scored 110 runs which included 3 boundaries and 8 sixes. What percent of his total score
did he make by running between the wickets?
4
%
11
5
C. 45
%
11
A.
45
B.
45 %
D.
44
5
%
11
Required % =
50
500
5
100 =
= 45
%
110
11
11
2
%
3
A.
20
C.
21%
B.
20%
D.
22
2
%
3
Required percentage =
14
140
100 =
= 20%
70
7
12. In an election between two candidates, one got 55% of the total valid votes, 20% of the votes were
invalid. If the total number of votes was 7500, what was the number of valid votes that the other
candidate got?
A. 2800
B. 2700
C. 2100
D. 2500
80
100
=> Valid votes that 2nd candidate got = total valid votes
= 7500
45
100
80
45
4
= 75 45 = 75 4 9 = 300 9 = 2700
100 100
5
13. In a competitive examination in State A, 6% candidates got selected from the total appeared
candidates. State B had an equal number of candidates appeared and 7% candidates got selected with 80
more candidates got selected than A. What was the number of candidates appeared from each State?
A. 8200
B. 7500
C. 7000
D. 8000
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 12.5%
Required percentage =
6
100 = 25%
24
15. A student has to obtain 33% of the total marks to pass. He got 125 marks and failed by 40 marks. The
maximum marks are
A. 600
B. 500
C. 400
D. 300
33
= 165
100
16500
=> Total Mark =
= 500
33
16. In a certain school, 20% of students are below 8 years of age. The number of students above 8 years
of age is 2/3 of the number of students of 8 years of age which is 48. What is the total number of
students in the school?
A. 100
B. 102
C. 110
D. 90
2
48 = 32-----(Equation 3)
3
80% of x = 48 + 32 = 80
80x
= 80
100
x
=1
100
x = 100
17. In an examination, 5% of the applicants were found ineligible and 85% of the eligible candidates
belonged to the general category. If 4275 eligible candidates belonged to other categories, then how
many candidates applied for the examination?
A. 28000
B. 30000
C. 32000
D. 33000
95x
100
Given that 85% of the eligible candidates belonged to the general category
It means 15% of the eligible candidates belonged to other categories( 100% - 85% = 15%)
95x 15
= 4275
100 100
19x 15
= 855
100 100
19x 3
= 171
100 100
x3
=9
100 100
x
=3
100 100
18. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3.What is the percentage error in the calculation?
A. 64%
B. 32%
C. 34%
D. 42%
Error =
5 3 25 9
16
=
=
3 5
15
15
16
)
15
Error
percentage error =
100 =
True Value
5
( )
3
16 3 100
16 100
=
=
= 16 4 = 64%
15 5
55
(
100
19. 270 students appeared for an examination, of which 252 passed. What is the pass percentage?
1
%
3
2
C. 92
%
3
A.
93
2
%
3
B.
93
D.
92%
Pass percentage =
252
2520 280
1
100 =
=
= 93 %
270
27
3
3
20. John's salary was decreased by 50% and subsequently increased by 50%. How much percent does he
loss?
A. 35%
B. 25%
C. 32%
D. 28%
(100 50)
50
= 100
= Rs.50
100
100
(100 + 50)
150
= 50
= Rs.75
100
100
Loss percentage =
25
100 = 25%
100
21. How many litres of pure acid are there in 8 litres of a 20% solution?
A. 2 litres
B. 1.4 litres
C. 1 litres
D. 1.6 litres
20
= 1.6
100
22. The price of a car is Rs. 3,25,000. It was insured to 85% of its price. The car was damaged completely
in an accident and the insurance company paid 90% of the insurance. What was the difference between
the price of the car and the amount received ?
A. Rs. 76,375
B. Rs. 34,000
C. Rs. 82,150
D. Rs. 70,000
85
100
85
90
= 325 85 9 = Rs.248625
100 100
90
100
Difference between the price of the car and the amount received
= Rs.325000 - Rs.248625 = Rs.76375
23. If number x is 10% less than another number y and y is 10% more than 125, then find out the value of
x.
A. 123
B. 122
C. 122.25
D. 123.75
y = 125
(100 + 10)
110
= 125
100
100
x = y
=
(100 10)
90
110
90
= y
= 125
100
100
100 100
125 110 90
125 11 9
1375 9
1375 9
=
=
=
= 123.75
100 100
100
100
100
24. A housewife saved Rs. 2.50 in buying an item on sale. If she spent Rs. 25 for the item, approximately
how much percent she saved in the transaction ?
A. 9%
B. 10%
C. 7%
D. 6%
Percentage Saving =
=
2.5
250 2500
100 =
=
27.5
27.5
275
100
1
=9
% 9%
11
11
25. A pipe X is 30 meters and 45% longer than another pipe Y. find the length of the pipe Y.
A. 20.12
B. 20.68
C. 20
D. 20.5
(100 + 45)
100
145
30 100
6 100
600
30 = y
=> y =
=
=
= 20.68
100
145
29
29
26. On my sister's 15th birthday, she was 159 cm in height, having grown 6% since the year before. How
tall was she the previous year?
A. 150 cm
B. 140 cm
C. 142 cm
D. 154 cm
(100 + 6)
106
= x
100
100
106
100
159 100
x=
= 1.5 100 = 150 cm
106
159 = x
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 66%
Q
P
=
......(Equation 1)
P
P +Q
Since Q can be written as a certain percentage of P, we can assume that Q = KP
KP
P
Hence equation 1 becomes
=
P
P + KP
1
K=
1+K
K(K + 1) = 1 ......(Equation 2)
Q
KP
Q as a percentage of P =
100 =
100 = 100K %. . . . . . (Equation3)
P
P
From here we have two approaches.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Approach 1 - trial and error method
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Here we use the values given in the choices to find out the answer
Take 50% from the given choice
50
1
if 50% is the answer, 100K = 50 as per equation 3 K =
=
100 2
1
But if we substitute K as in equation 2,
2
1 1
1 3 3
( + 1) = = 1
K(K + 1) =
2 2
2 2 4
Given that
62
100
62
in equation 2,
100
62
62
62 162 10044
(
K(K + 1) =
+ 1) =
=
1
100 100
100 100 10000
Hence 62% is the answer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Approach 2 - solving in the traditional way
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Now let's solve the quadratic equation, equation 2
K(K + 1) = 1
K 2 +K1 = 0
1
1
[4
(1)]
b b 4ac
1 5
K=
=
=
2a
21
2
1 2.24
1.24
3.24
=
=
or
(avoiding -ve answer as here the answer should be positive)
2
2
2
= 0.62
From Equation 3, Q as a percentage of P = 100K % = 100 .62 = 62%
But if we substitute K as
28. If the price of petrol increases by 25% and Benson intends to spend only an additional 15% on petrol,
by how much % will he reduce the quantity of petrol purchased?
A. 8%
B. 7%
C. 10%
D. 6%
(100 + 25)
= Rs.125
100
115
) Litre
125
(1
10
10
100 =
4 = 2 4 = 8%
125
5
115
)
125
1
115
Litre
125
100
29. Arun got 30% of the maximum marks in an examination and failed by 10 marks. However, Sujith who
took the same examination got 40% of the total marks and got 15 marks more than the passing marks.
What were the passing marks in the examination?
A. 90
B. 250
C. 75
D. 85
30x
100
40x
100
Given that Sujith got 15 marks more than the passing marks
40x
= 10 + 15 = 25
100
x
= 25
10
x = 10 25 = 250
Maximum marks of the examination = x = 250
Substituting the value of x in Equation 1, we have
30x
30 250
Minimum Pass Mark =
+ 10 =
+ 10 = 75 + 10 = 85
100
100
30. 30% of the men are more than 25 years old and 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years
old. 20% of all men play football. If 20% of the men above the age of 50 play football, what percentage of
the football players are less than or equal to 50 years?
A. 60%
B. 70%
C. 80%
D. 90%
Then
80 men are less than or equal to 50 years old
(Since 80% of the men are less than or equal to 50 years old)
=> 20 men are above 50 years old (Since we assumed total
number of men as 100)
20
=4
100
Number of men who play football = 20 (Since 20% of all men play football)
4
100 = 20%
20
=>Percentage of men who play football less than or equal to the age 50 = 100% 20% = 80%
Percentage of men who play football above the age of 50 =
1
x
3.
4.
1
y
Let a pipe can fill a tank in x hours and another pipe can empty the full tank in y hours. We can
examine two cases here.
Case 1: x < y
In this case, the net part filled in 1 hour =
1 1
x y
Case 2: y < x
In this case, the net part emptied in 1 hour =
5.
1 1
y x
1. Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 5 and 6 hours respectively. Pipe C can empty it in 12 hours. If all the
three pipes are opened together, then the tank will be filled in:
9
hours
17
8
C. 2
hours
11
A.
13
hours
17
1
D. 4
hours
2
B.
60
9
=3
hours
17
17
1 1
1
17
+
=
5 6 12 60
2. Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 3712 minutes and 45 minutes respectively. Both pipes are
opened. The cistern will be filled in just half an hour, if pipe B is turned off after:
A. 5 min
B. 9 min
C. 10 min
D. 15 min
2
1
6+5
11
+
=
=
75 45
225
225
11
11x
=
225 225
2(30 x)
2
=
75
75
11x 2(30 x)
+
=1
225
75
11x 2(30 x)
+
=1
225
75
11x + 6(30 x) = 225
11x + 180 6x = 225
5x = 45
x=9
3. A pump can fill a tank with water in 2 hours. Because of a leak, it took 223 hours to fill the tank. The
leak can drain all the water of the tank in:
A. 6 hours
B. 8 hours
C. 9 hours
D. 10 hours
1 1 3
=
2 y 8
1 1 3 1
= =
y 2 8 8
y= 8
i.e., the leak can drain all the water of the tank in 8 hours
4. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank from empty to full in 30 minutes, 20 minutes, and 10 minutes
respectively. When the tank is empty, all the three pipes are opened. A, B and C discharge chemical
solutions P,Q and R respectively. What is the proportion of the solution R in the liquid in the tank after 3
minutes?
6
11
7
C.
11
5
11
8
D.
11
A.
B.
1
3
=
10 10
1
1
1
11
+
+
=
30 20 10 60
11 11
Part of the tank filled by pipe A,B and C together in 3 minute = 3
=
60 20
(
Required proportion =
(
3
)
10
11
)
20
(3 20)
(10 11)
6
11
5. A tank is filled by three pipes with uniform flow. The first two pipes operating simultaneously fill the tank
in the same time during which the tank is filled by the third pipe alone. The second pipe fills the tank 5
hours faster than the first pipe and 4 hours slower than the third pipe. The time required by the first pipe
is:
A. 30 hours
B. 15 hours
C. 10 hours
D. 6 hours
1
1
1
+
=
x x5
x9
(From here, better to find the value of x from the choices
which will be easier. Or we can solve it as given below)
6. Two pipes A and B together can fill a cistern in 4 hours. Had they been opened separately, then B
would have taken 6 hours more than A to fill the cistern. How much time will be taken by A to fill the
cistern separately?
A. 6 hours
B. 2 hours
C. 4 hours
D. 3 hours
1
x
1
x+6
1
1
+
x x+6
1
1
1
+
=
x x+6
4
(From here, better to find the value of x from the choices
which will be easier. Or we can solve it as given below)
4(x + 6) + 4x = x(x + 6)
4x + 24 + 4x = x 2 + 6x
x 2 2x 24 = 0
(x 6)(x + 4) = 0
x = 6 or -4
7. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 12 and 24 minutes respectively. If both the pipes are used
together, then how long will it take to fill the tank?
A. 9 min
B. 8 min
C. 6 min
D. 4 min
1
12
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute=
24
1
1
1
+
=
12 24 8
i.e., both the pipe together can fill the tank in 8 minutes
8. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 15 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. Both the pipes are opened
together but after 4 minutes, pipe A is turned off. What is the total time required to fill the tank?
A. 10 min 10 sec
B. 25 min 20 sec
C. 14 min 40 sec
D. 20 min 10 sec
1
15
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute=
40
1
1
11
+
=
15 40 120
11 19
=
30 30
11
11
=
120 30
19
)
30
Time taken by pipe B to fill this remaining part =
1
( )
40
19 40
19 4
76
1
=
=
=
= 25 minutes = 25 minutes 20 seconds
30
3
3
3
(
9. Two pipes can fill a tank in 25 and 30 minutes respectively and a waste pipe can empty 3 gallons per
minute. All the three pipes working together can fill the tank in 15 minutes. The capacity of the tank is:
A. 250 gallons
B. 450 gallons
C. 120 gallons
D. 150 gallons
1
25
1
30
Let the waste pipe can empty the full tank in x minutes
1
x
25 30
1
1
=
+
x 25
x = 150
1
15
1
1
=
x 15
1
1
6 + 5 10
1
=
=
30 15
150
150
i.e, the waste pipe can empty the full tank in 150 minutes
Given that waste pipe can empty 3 gallons per minute
10. A tank is filled in 10 hours by three pipes A, B and C. The pipe C is twice as fast as B and B is twice as
fast as A. How much time will pipe A alone take to fill the tank?
A. 70 hours
B. 30 hours
C. 35 hours
D. 50 hours
x
x
hours and pipe C can fill the tank in
hours
2
4
1
x
2
Part filled by pipe B in 1 hour =
x
4
Part filled by pipe C in 1 hour =
x
1 2 4 7
+ + =
x x x x
x
hours
7
Given that pipe A, pipe B and pipe C can fill the tank in 10 hours
x
= 10
7
x = 10 7 = 70 hours
=>
11. One pipe can fill a tank four times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the tank in
36 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in:
A. 180 min
B. 144 min.
C. 126 min
D. 114 min
Explanation :
Let the slower pipe alone can fill the tank in x minutes
x
Then the faster pipe can fill the tank in
minutes
4
1
Part filled by the slower pipe in 1 minute =
x
4
Part filled by the faster pipe in 1 minute =
x
1 4
Part filled by both the pipes in 1 minute =
+
x x
It is given that both the pipes together can fill the tank in 36 minutes
1
Part filled by both the pipes in 1 minute =
36
1 4
1
+ =
x x 36
5
1
=
x 36
x = 5 36 = 180
i.e.,the slower pipe alone fill the tank in 180 minutes
12. A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours. After half the tank is filled, three more similar taps are opened. What is
the total time taken to fill the tank completely?
A. 3 hr
B. 1 hr 30 min
C. 2 hr 30 min
D. 2 hr
Remaining part =
1
2
After half the tank is filled, three more similar taps are opened.
Hence, total number of taps becomes 4.
1
4
1
=1
4
i.e., 4 taps can fill remaining half in 30 minutes
Part filled by four taps in 1 hour = 4
13. A tap can fill a tank in 4 hours. After half the tank is filled, two more similar taps are opened. What is
the total time taken to fill the tank completely?
A. 1 hr 20 min
B. 4 hr
C. 3 hr
D. 2 hr 40 min
Remaining part =
1
2
After half the tank is filled, two more similar taps are opened.
Hence, total number of pipes becomes 3.
1
4
1 3
=
4 4
1
( )
2
1
Time taken to fill the tank by 3 pipes =
2
3
( )
4
Part filled by three taps in 1 hour = 3
4
2
==
hour = 40 minutes
6
3
14. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank in 6 hours. After working at it together for 2 hours, C is closed
and A and B can fill the remaining part in 7 hours. The number of hours taken by C alone to fill the tank is:
A. 10
B. 12
C. 14
D. 16
1
6
All these pipes are open for only 2 hours and then C is closed.
1 2
=
3 3
2 1
=
6 3
2
is filled by pipes A and B in 7 hours
3
2
( )
3
2
Part filled by pipes A and B in 1 hr =
7
21
1
2
74
3
1
)=
=
=
6 21
42
42 14
i.e., C alone can fill the tank in 14 hours
15. A large tanker can be filled by two pipes A and B in 60 minutes and 40 minutes respectively. How many
minutes will it take to fill the tanker from empty state if B is used for half the time and A and B fill it
together for the other half?
A. 15 min
B. 20 min
C. 27.5 min
D. 30 min
1
60
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute =
40
1
1
2+3
5
1
+
=
=
=
60 40
120
120 24
x
1
x
1
+
=1
2 40 2 24
x 1
1
[
]=1
+
2 40 24
x
8
=1
2 120
x
1
=1
2 15
x = 15 2 = 30 minutes
16. Three taps A, B and C can fill a tank in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If A is open all the time and
B and C are open for one hour each alternately, the tank will be full in:
2
hours
3
1
C. 7
hours
2
A.
1
12
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 hour =
15
1
Part filled by pipe C in 1 hour =
20
B. 6 hours
D. 7 hours
1
1
9
3
+
=
=
12 15 60 20
1
1
8
2
Part filled by pipe A and pipe C in 1 hour =
+
=
=
12 20 60 15
3
2
17
Part filled in 2 hour =
+
=
20 15 60
17
17
Part filled in 6 hour =
3 =
60
20
17
3
)=
Remaining part = (1
20
20
3
part needed to be filled. At this 7th hour, A and B is open
20
3
( )
20
3
Time taken by pipe A and B to fill this
part =
= 1 hour
20
3
( )
20
17. A leak in the bottom of a tank can empty the full tank in 6 hours. An inlet pipe fills water at the rate of
4 liters a minute. When the tank is full, the inlet is opened and due to the leak, the tank is empty in 24
hours. How many liters does the cistern hold?
A. 4010 litre
B. 2220 litre
C. 1920 litre
D. 2020 litre
1
6
Net part emptied by the leak and the inlet pipe in 1 hour =
Part filled by the inlet pipe in 1 hour =
1
1
1
=
6 24 8
1
24
i.e., inlet pipe fills the tank in 8 hours = (8 60) minutes = 480
minutes
Given that the inlet pipe fills water at the rate of 4 liters a
minute
Hence, water filled in 480 minutes = 480 4 = 1920 litre
18. A cistern can be filled by a tap in 3 hours while it can be emptied by another tap in 8 hours. If both
the taps are opened simultaneously, then after how much time will the cistern get filled?
A. 4.8 hr
B. 2.4 hr
C. 3.6 hr
D. 1.8 hr
1
3
1
8
1 1
5
=
3 8 24
24
hours = 4.8 hours
5
19. Two taps A and B can fill a tank in 5 hours and 20 hours respectively. If both the taps are open then
due to a leakage, it took 40 minutes more to fill the tank. If the tank is full, how long will it take for the
leakage alone to empty the tank?
A. 28 hr
B. 16 hr
C. 22 hr
D. 32 hr
1
5
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 hour =
20
1
1
1
+
=
5 20 4
40
2
14
hour = 4 hour =
hour
60
3
3
3
Net part filled by pipe A and B and the leak in 1 hour =
14
1
3
1
Part emptied by the leak in 1 hour =
=
4 14 28
20. Bucket P has thrice the capacity as bucket Q. It takes 80 turns for bucket P to fill the empty drum.
How many turns it will take for both the buckets P and Q, having each turn together to fill the empty
drum?
A. 30
B. 45
C. 60
D. 80
x
3
Given that it takes 80 turns for bucket P to fill the empty drum
=> capacity of the drum = 80x
80x
x
x+
3
240x
240
=
= 60
3x + x
4
21. A booster pump can be used for filling as well as for emptying a tank. The capacity of the tank is 2400
m3. The emptying of the tank is 10 m3 per minute higher than its filling capacity and the pump needs 8
minutes lesser to empty the tank than it needs to fill it. What is the filling capacity of the pump?
A. 20 m3 / min.
B. 40 m3 / min.
C. 50 m3 / min.
D. 60 m3 / min.
2400
minutes
x
2400
Time required for emptying the tank =
minutes
x + 10
2400
2400
=8
x
x + 10
300
300
=1
x
x + 10
300(x + 10) 300x = x(x + 10)
3000 = x 2 + 10x
x 2 + 10x 3000 = 0
(x + 60)(x 50) = 0
x = 50 or -60
22. Two pipes A and B can separately fill a cistern in 40 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. There is a
third pipe in the bottom of the cistern to empty it. If all the three pipes are simultaneously opened, then
the cistern is full in 20 minutes. In how much time, the third pipe alone can empty the cistern?
A. 120 min
B. 100 min
C. 140 min
D. 80 min
1
40
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute =
30
Net part filled by pipe A, pipe B and the third pipe in 1 hour =
1
20
1
1
1
3+46
1
+
=
=
40 30 20
120
120
i.e., third pipe alone can empty the cistern in 120 minutes
23. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 9 hours and 3 hours respectively. If they are opened on alternate
hours and if pipe A is opened first, how many hours, the tank shall be full?
A. 4 hr
B. 5 hr
C. 2 hr
D. 6 hr
1
9
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 hour =
3
1 1 1+3
4
+ =
=
9 3
9
9
4 8
Part filled in 4 hour = 2 =
9 9
8 1
remaining part = 1 =
9 9
1
( )
9
1
Time taken by pipe A to fill the remaining
part =
9
1
( )
9
= 1 hour
24. 13 buckets of water fill a tank when the capacity of each bucket is 51 litres. How many buckets will
be needed to fill the same tank, if the capacity of each bucket is 17 litres?
A. 33
B. 29
C. 39
D. 42
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
--------------------------------------------solution 1
-------------------------------------------Capacity of the tank = (13 51) litre
13 51
= 13 3 = 39
17
25. Pipe A can fill a tank in 8 hours, pipe B in 4 hours and pipe C in 24 hours. If all the pipes are open, in
how many hours will the tank be filled?
A. 2.4 hr
B. 3 hr
C. 4 hr
D. 4.2 hr
1
8
1
4
1
24
1 1
1
10
+ +
=
8 4 24 24
i.e, pipe A, pipe B and pipe C together can fill the tank in
24
hours = 2.4 hours
10
26. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank is 8 minutes and 14 minutes respectively. If both the taps are
opened simultaneously, and the tap A is closed after 3 minutes, then how much more time will it take to fill
the tank by tap B?
A. 6 min 15 sec
B. 5 min 45 sec
C. 5 min 15 sec
D. 6 min 30 sec
1
8
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute =
14
1
1
11
+
=
8 14 56
11 33
=
56 56
33 23
=
56 56
23
)
56
Time taken by pipe B to fill this remaining part =
1
( )
14
23 14
23
3
=
=
minutes = 5 minutes = 5 minutes 45 seconds
56
4
4
(
27. A water tank is two-fifth full. Pipe A can fill a tank in 12 minutes and pipe B can empty it in 6 minutes.
If both the pipes are open, how long will it take to empty or fill the tank completely?
A. 2.8 min
B. 4.2 min
C. 4.8 min
D. 5.6 min
1
12
1
6
1
1
1
=
6 12 12
2 12
= 4.8 min
5
28. Pipes A and B can fill a tank in 8 and 24 hours respectively. Pipe C can empty it in 12 hours. If all the
three pipes are opened together, then the tank will be filled in:
A. 18 hr
B. 6 hr
C. 24 hr
D. 12 hr
1
8
1
Part filled by pipe B in 1 minute =
24
1
12
1
1
1
2
1
+
=
=
8 24 12 24 12
29. One pipe can fill a tank 6 times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the tank in
22 minutes, then the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in:
A. 164 min
B. 154 min
C. 134 min
D. 144 min
Let the slower pipe alone can fill the tank in x minutes
x
Then the faster pipe can fill the tank in
minutes
6
1
Part filled by the slower pipe in 1 minute =
x
6
Part filled by the faster pipe in 1 minute =
x
1 6
Part filled by both the pipes in 1 minute =
+
x x
It is given that both the pipes together can fill the tank in 22 minutes
1
Part filled by both the pipes in 1 minute =
22
1 6
1
+ =
x x 22
7
1
=
x 22
x = 22 7 = 154
i.e.,the slower pipe alone fill the tank in 154 minutes
30. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 2 and 6 minutes respectively. If both the pipes are used together,
then how long will it take to fill the tank?
A. 3 min
B. 2.5 min
C. 2 min
D. 1.5 min
1
2
1
6
1 1 2
+ =
2 6 3
i.e, pipe A and B together can fill the tank in 3/2 minutes = 1.5
minutes
1. A bag contains 2 yellow, 3 green and 2 blue balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the probability that none of the balls drawn is blue?
1
2
9
C.
11
10
21
7
D.
11
A.
B.
54
(
)
n(E)
5C 2
21
P(E) =
=
=
7C 2
n(S)
76
(
)
21
54
10
=
76
21
2
3
1
C.
3
2
9
1
D.
9
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
4
1
=
=
36 9
n(S)
3. Three coins are tossed. What is the probability of getting at most two tails?
7
8
1
C.
2
A.
1
8
1
D.
7
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
7
=
8
n(S)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------
n Cr
2n
3C0
3C 1
3C 2
3
(3C 0 + 3C 1 + 3C2 )
23
(1 + 3 + 3)
23
7
8
n
( ) pr q nr
r
n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
Here, n = 3
p = probability of getting a Tail = 1/2
q = probability of getting a Head = 1/2
P(At most two tails)
= P(0 Tail in 3 trials) + P(1 Tail in 3 trials) + P(2 Tail in 3 trials)
3 1
= ( )( )
0 2
1
( )
2
30
3 1
= ( )( )
0 2
3 1
+ ( )( )
1 2
3 1
+ ( )( )
1 2
3
1
( )
2
3 1
+ ( )( )
2 2
31
3 1
+ ( )( )
2 2
1
( )
2
32
3
3
3 1
= [( ) + ( ) + ( )] ( )
0
1
2 2
= 7(
1
7
)=
8
23
4. When tossing two coins once, what is the probability of heads on both the coins?
1
4
3
C.
4
A.
B.
1
2
D. None of these
Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of outcomes possible when a coin is tossed = 2 (
Head or Tail)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible when two coins are
tossed, n(S) = 2 2 = 4
( Here, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT})
E = event of getting heads on both the coins = {HH}
Hence, n(E) = 1
P(E) =
n(E)
1
=
4
n(S)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------
n Cr
2n
Here n = 2, r = 2
2C2
22
1
4
n
( ) pr q nr
r
n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
Here, n = 2
p = probability of getting a Head = 1/2
q = probability of getting a Tail = 1/2
2 1
P(2 Heads in 2 Trials) = ( ) ( )
2 2
1
( )
2
22
1
4
5. What is the probability of getting a number less than 4 when a die is rolled?
1
2
1
C.
3
A.
1
6
1
D.
4
B.
n(E)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
P(E) =
6. A bag contains 4 black, 5 yellow and 6 green balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag. What is the probability that all of them are yellow?
2
91
1
C.
8
1
81
2
D.
81
A.
B.
n(E)
n(S)
P(E) =
5C 3
5C 2
=
15C 3
15C 3
54
)
21
=
15 14 13
(
)
321
(
54
15 14 13
(
)
3
54
4
2
2
=
=
=
5 14 13
14 13
7 13
91
7. One card is randomly drawn from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a face card(Jack, Queen or King)
1
13
3
C.
13
2
13
4
D.
13
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
12
3
=
=
52 13
n(S)
8. A dice is thrown. What is the probability that the number shown in the dice is divisible by 3?
1
6
1
C.
4
A.
1
3
1
D.
2
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
2 1
= =
6 3
n(S)
9. John draws a card from a pack of cards. What is the probability that the card drawn is a card of black suit?
1
2
1
C.
3
1
4
1
D.
13
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
26 1
=
=
52 2
n(S)
10. There are 15 boys and 10 girls in a class. If three students are selected at random, what is the probability that 1 girl and 2 boys are selected?
1
40
21
C.
46
1
2
7
D.
42
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
15C 2 10C1
25C 3
15 14
) 10
21
=
25 24 23
(
)
321
(
15 14 10
25 24 23
(
)
3
15 14 10
3 14 10
=
25 8 23
5 8 23
3 14 2
3 14
37
21
=
=
=
8 23
4 23
2 23
46
2
5
3
C.
5
A.
1
5
1
D.
7
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
4
2
=
=
10 5
n(S)
12. 3 balls are drawn randomly from a bag contains 3 black, 5 red and 4 blue balls. What is the probability that the balls drawn contain balls of different colors?
1
3
2
D.
11
3
11
1
C.
2
B.
A.
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
3C 1 5C 1 4C1
12C 3
354
12 11 10
(
)
321
354
2 11 10
34
3
=
2 11 2
11
13. 5 coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting exactly 2 heads?
5
16
7
D.
16
1
2
4
C.
11
B.
A.
P(E) =
n(E)
5C
= 52 =
n(S)
2
54
)
21
2
52
2
5
2
5
16
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2-------------------------------------------------------------------------
n Cr
2n
Here n = 5, r = 2
Hence, Required probability =
n Cr
5C 2
=
n =
2
25
54
)
21
52
5
4
5
16
n
( ) pr q nr
r
n
( )
r
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
Here, n = 5
p = probability of getting a head = 1/2
q = probability of getting a tail = 1/2
n
P(2 Heads in 5 Trials) = ( ) pr q nr
r
5 1
= ( )( )
2 2
1
( )
2
52
5 1
= ( )( )
2 2
54 1
( )
21 2
10
5
=
16
25
1
13
1
D.
3
1
2
1
C.
6
B.
A.
P(E) =
n(E)
4
1
=
=
52 13
n(S)
15. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting an Ace or King or Queen?
3
13
1
C.
13
A.
2
13
1
D.
2
B.
Explanation :
Total number of cards = 52
Total number of Ace cards = 4
P(Ace) =
4
1
=
52 13
P(King) =
4
1
=
52 13
P(Queen) =
4
1
=
52 13
Here, clearly the events of getting an Ace , King and Queen are mutually exclusive events.
By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(Ace or King or Queen) = P (Ace) + P (King)+ P(Queen)
1
1
1
3
+
+
=
13 13 13 13
16. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting a five of Spade or Club?
1
52
1
C.
26
1
13
1
D.
12
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
2
1
=
=
52 26
n(S)
1
52
1
52
1
1
1
+
=
52 52 26
17. When two dice are rolled, what is the probability that the sum is either 7 or 11?
1
4
1
C.
9
A.
2
5
2
D.
9
B.
Solution 2---------------------------------------------------------------------
P(a sum of 7) =
6
36
2
36
6
2
8
2
+
=
=
36 36 36 9
18. A card is randomly drawn from a deck of 52 cards. What is the probability getting either a King or a Diamond?
4
13
1
C.
3
2
13
1
D.
2
A.
B.
P(King) =
4
52
P(Diamond) =
13
52
1
52
Here a card can be both a Diamond card and a King. Hence these are not mutually exclusive events.
(Reference : mutually exclusive events) . By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(King or a Diamond) = P(King) + P(Diamond) P(King and Diamond)
4
13
1
16
4
+
=
=
52 52 52 52 13
19. John and Dani go for an interview for two vacancies. The probability for the selection of John is 1/3 and whereas the probability for the selection of Dani is 1/5. What is the
probability that none of them are selected?
3
5
8
C.
15
7
12
1
D.
5
A.
B.
is
B
B
)
= P(A
). P(B
)
= P(A
= [ 1 - P(A) ][ 1 - P(B)]
= (1
1
1
) (1 )
3
5
2 4
8
=
3 5 15
20. John and Dani go for an interview for two vacancies. The probability for the selection of John is 1/3 and whereas the probability for the selection of Dani is 1/5. What is the
probability that only one of them is selected?
3
5
2
C.
5
B. None of these
A.
D.
1
5
is
B
) (B A
)]
= P [(A B
( Reference : Algebra of
Events)
) + P (B A
)
= P (A B
( Reference : Mutually
) + P(B)P(A
)
= P(A)P(B
1
1
1
1
1 4 1 2
4
2
2
(1 ) + (1 ) = + =
+
=
3
5
5
3
3 5 5 3 15 15 5
21. A letter is randomly taken from English alphabets. What is the probability that the letter selected is not a vowel?
5
25
5
C.
26
2
25
21
D.
26
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
21
=
26
n(S)
22. The probability A getting a job is 1/5 and that of B is 1/7 . What is the probability that only one of them gets a job?
11
35
2
C.
7
A.
12
35
1
D.
7
B.
) (B A
)]
= P [(A B
( Reference : Algebra of
Events)
) + P (B A
)
= P (A B
( Reference : Mutually
) + P(B)P(A
)
= P(A)P(B
1
1
1
1
1 6 1 4
6
4
10 2
(1 ) + (1 ) = + =
+
=
=
5
7
7
5
5 7 7 5 35 35 35 7
23. A letter is chosen at random from the word 'ASSASSINATION'. What is the probability that it is a vowel?
4
13
7
C.
13
8
13
6
D.
13
A.
B.
n(E)
6
=
13
n(S)
24. A letter is chosen at random from the word 'ASSASSINATION'. What is the probability that it is a consonant?
4
13
7
C.
13
8
13
6
D.
13
A.
B.
P(consonant) =
7
13
25. Tickets numbered 1 to 20 are mixed up and then a ticket is drawn at random. What is the probability that the ticket drawn has a number which is a multiple of 3 or 5?
1
20
4
C.
20
A.
9
20
1
D.
4
B.
-------------------------Solution 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of tickets, n(S)= 20
To get a multiple of 3 , the favorable cases are 3,9,6,12,15,18.
=> Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 = 6
P(Multiple of 3) =
6
20
P(Multiple of 5) =
4
20
There are some cases where we get multiple of 3 and 5. the favorable case for this is 15
=> Number of ways in which we get a multiple of 3 and 5 = 1
P(Multiple of 3 and 5) =
1
20
Here a number can be both a a multiple of 3 and 5. Hence these are not mutually exclusive events.
(Reference : mutually exclusive events) By Addition Theorem of Probability, we have
P(multiple of 3 or 5) = P(multiple of 3) + P(multiple of 5)- P(multiple of 3 and 5)
6
4
1
9
+
=
20 20 20 20
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 2----------------------------------------------------------------------
P(multiple of 3 or 5) =
9
20
26. One ball is picked up randomly from a bag containing 8 yellow, 7 blue and 6 black balls. What is the probability that it is neither yellow nor black?
1
3
1
C.
2
1
4
3
D.
4
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
7
1
=
=
21 3
n(S)
27. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a club and one is a diamond?
13
51
13
C.
102
A.
1
52
1
D.
26
B.
P(E) =
=
n(E)
13C 1 13C 1
=
52C 2
n(S)
13 13
52 51
(
)
2
13 13
13
13
=
=
26 51
2 51
102
28. Two cards are drawn together at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of both the cards being Queens?
1
52
2
C.
221
1
221
1
D.
26
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
4C 2
=
52C 2
n(S)
43
)
2
=
52 51
(
)
2
(
43
3
1
1
=
=
=
52 51
13 51
13 17
221
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solution 2--------------------------------------------------------------------
4
52
Assume that the first event is happened. i.e., a Queen is already drawn in the first draw
and now B = event of getting a Queen in the second draw
Since 1 Queen is drawn in the first draw, Total number of Queens remaining = 3
Since 1 Queen is drawn in the first draw, Total number of cards = 52 - 1 = 51
3
51
P(Queen in first draw and Queen in second draw) = P(Queen in first draw) P(Queen in second draw)
4
3
1
1
1
=
52 51 13 17 221
29. Two dice are rolled together. What is the probability of getting two numbers whose product is even?
17
36
3
C.
4
A.
1
3
11
D.
25
B.
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6 (
any one face out of the 6 faces)
Hence, Total number of outcomes possible when two dice are
rolled, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
Let E = the event of getting two numbers whose product is
even
= {(1,2), (1,4), (1,6), (2,1), (2,2), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6),
(3,2), (3,4), (3,6), (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,4), (4,5), (4,6),
(5,2),(5,4), (5,6), (6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5), (6,6)}
Hence, n(E) = 27
P(E) =
n(E)
27 3
=
=
36 4
n(S)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------This problem can easily be solved if we know the following property of numbers
From these properties, we know that the product will be an odd number only when both dice
get odd numbers in each. In rest of the cases, product will be even
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6
Total number of odd numbers = 3 ( 1 or 3 or 5)
3 1
=
6 2
1
2
P(Odd product) = P(Odd number in first die and Odd Number in second die)
= P(Odd number in first die).P(Odd number in second die)
(
Here both these are Independent Events and refer theorem on
independent events)
=
1 1 1
=
2 2 4
1 3
=
4 4
30. When two dice are tossed, what is the probability that the total score is a prime number?
1
4
2
C.
3
A.
1
3
5
D.
12
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
15
5
=
=
36 12
n(S)
31. There are 10 prizes and 25 blanks in a lottery. If John has taken a lottery, what is the probability for
him to get a prize?
4
7
2
C.
7
3
7
1
D.
7
A.
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
10 2
=
=
35 7
n(S)
32. Six dice are tossed together. What is the probability of getting the same face in all the dice?
A.
C.
17
B.
65
1
D.
66
65
7
64
P(E) =
n(E)
6
1
= 6 = 5
n(S)
6
6
33. Six dice are tossed together. What is the probability of getting different faces in all of the dice?
A.
65
B.
66
C.
6!
D.
65
6!
66
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
6!
66
34. Six persons enter a lift on the ground floor of a nine floor apartment. Assuming that each of them
independently and with equal probability can leave the lift at any floor beginning with the first, what is the
probability that all the six persons are leaving the lift at different floors?
A.
C.
8!
86
8C 6
8
B.
D.
8!
87
8P 6
86
...
The 6th person can leave the lift in any of the remaining 3 floors
(3 ways)
Total number of ways = 8 7 6 5 4 3 = 8P6
(In fact, from the definition of permutations itself,
we will be able to directly say that the number of ways in which
all the six persons
can leave the lift at 8 different floors = 8P6)
n(E)= Total Num ber of w ays in w hich all the six persons
can leav e the lift at eight
different floors = 8 P 6
Now w e w ill find out the total num ber of w ay s in w hich
each of the six persons
can leav e the lift at any of the eight floors
The 1st person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
The 2nd person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
The 3nd person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
...
The 6th person can leave the lift in any of the 8 floors (8 ways)
Total number of ways = 8 8 8 8 8 8 = 86
i.e., The total num ber of w ays in w hich each the six
persons can leave the lift
at any of the eight floors = n(S) = 8 6
P(E) =
n(E)
8P
= 66
n(S)
8
35. Raja has 4 tickets of a lottery for which 12 tickets were sold and 3 prices are to be given. What is the
probability that Raja will win at least one price?
41
55
12
C.
55
A.
43
55
14
D.
55
B.
Let E be the event that Raja will not won any price
n(E) = number of ways in which Raja will not won any price
= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 12, none of them win
a price
= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 9 (=12-3)
= 9C4
n(S)= number of ways of taking 4 tickets from 12 = 12C4
n(E)
n(S)
9C 4
12C 4
9876
)
4321
=
12 11 10 9
(
)
4321
(
9876
12 11 10 9
87
47
27
14
=
=
=
2 11 10
11 10
11 5
55
= 1
14 41
=
55 55
36. A basket contains 15 apples and 10 oranges out of which 4 apples and 2 oranges are defective. If a
person takes two fruits at random, what is the probability that either both are apples or both are good
221
300
1
C.
2
B. None of these
A.
D.
312
401
15C 2
25C 2
Number of ways in which two fruits taken can be taken from 19 good fruits = 19C2
( Total good fruits = (15+10) (4+2) = 19)
Number of ways in which two fruits can be taken from 25(=15+10) fruits = 25C2
19C 2
25C 2
11C 2
25C 2
Here the fruits can be apples and good. Hence these are not
mutually exclusive
events. (Reference : mutually exclusive events). By addition
theorem on probability, we have
15C 2
19C 2 11C2
15C 2 + 19C 2 11C 2
+
=
25C 2
25C 2 25C2
25C 2
15 14
19 18
11 10
)+ (
) (
)
21
21
21
=
25 24
(
)
21
(
221
300
37. A bag contains 4 blue, 5 white and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that both the balls are blue?
A.
2
35
B.
1
17
C.
1
15
D.
2
21
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
Let E be the event that both the balls are blue
n(E) = Number of ways in which 2 balls can be drawn from 4
blue balls = 4C2
n(S) = Number of ways in which 2 balls can be drawn from 15
balls
( 4 + 5 + 6 = 15)
= 15C2
P(E) =
n(E)
4C 2
=
15C 2
n(S)
43
)
21
=
15 14
(
)
21
(
43
4
2
2
=
=
=
15 14
5 14
57
35
38. A bag contains 4 blue, 5 white and 6 green balls. Two balls are drawn at random. What is the
probability that one ball is white?
10
21
3
C.
4
A.
1
2
2
D.
35
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
50
=
15C 2
n(S)
50
15 14
(
)
21
50 2
10 2
10
10
=
=
=
15 14
3 14
37
21
39. Three boys P,Q and R are to speak at a function along with 5 others. If all of them speak in random
order, what is the probability that P speaks before Q and Q speaks before R?
2
9
1
C.
6
A.
1
3
1
D.
9
B.
P(E) =
n(E)
8P
= 5 =
n(S)
8!
8!
)
3!
8!
1
1
=
3! 6
40. There is a point in a circle. What is the probability that this point is closer to its circumference than to
the centre?
1
3
1
C.
2
1
4
3
D.
4
A.
B.
r
= r 2 ( )
2
= r 2
r 2
3r 2
=
4
4
Required Probability =
Area of segment B
Total Area of the circle of radius r
(
=
3r 2
)
4
r 2
3
4
Probability or Chance
Probability or chance is a common term used in day-to-day life. For example, we generally
say, 'it may rain today'. This statement has a certain uncertainty.
Probability is quantitative measure of the chance of occurrence of a particular event.
2.
Experim ent
3.
If all the possible outcomes of an experiment are known but the exact output cannot be
predicted in advance, that experiment is called a random experiment.
Ex am ples
i.
ii.
iii.
Clubs ()
Hearts ()
Diamonds ()
Each of the above mentioned categories has 13 cards, 9 cards numbered from 2 to
10, an Ace, a King, a Queen and a jack
Hearts and Diamonds are red faced cards whereas Spades and Clubs are black faced
cards.
Kings, Queens and Jacks are called face cards
iv.
4.
5.
i.
ii.
iii.
When two coins are tossed, S = {HH, HT, TH, TT} where H = Head and T = Tail
Event
Any subset of a Sample Space is an event. Events are generally denoted by capital letters A,
B , C, D etc.
Ex am ples
6.
i.
ii.
Events are said to be equally likely if there is no preference for a particular event over the
other.
Ex am ples
7.
i.
ii.
When a dice is thrown, all the six faces (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are equally likely to occur.
Two or more than two events are said to be mutually exclusive if the occurrence of one of
the events excludes the occurrence of the other
This can be better illustrated with the following examples
i.
When a coin is tossed, we get either Head or Tail. Head and Tail cannot come
simultaneously. Hence occurrence of Head and Tail are mutually exclusive events.
ii.
iii.
Consider a die is thrown and A be the event of getting 2 or 4 or 6 and B be the event
of getting 4 or 5 or 6. Then
A = {2, 4, 6} and B = {4, 5, 6}
Here A
8.
Independent Events
Events can be said to be independent if the occurrence or non-occurrence of one event does
not influence the occurrence or non-occurrence of the other.
Ex am ple : When a coin is tossed twice, the event of getting Tail(T) in the first toss and the
event of getting Tail(T) in the second toss are independent events. This is because the
occurrence of getting Tail(T) in any toss does not influence the occurrence of getting Tail(T)
in the other toss.
9.
In the case of simple events, we take the probability of occurrence of single events.
Ex am ples
10.
i.
ii.
In the case of compound events, we take the probability of joint occurrence of two or more
events.
Ex am ples
i.
11.
When two coins are tossed, probability of getting a Head (H) in the first toss and
getting a Tail (T) in the second toss.
Exhaustiv e Ev ents
When a coin is tossed, we get either Head or Tail. Hence there are 2 exhaustive
events.
ii.
When two coins are tossed, the possible outcomes are (H, H), (H, T), (T, H), (T, T).
Hence there are 4 (=22) exhaustive events.
iii.
12.
Algebra of Ev ents
ii.
iii.
iv.
B
is the event that none of A and B occurs
A
B = {2, 4, 5, 6}
B = {4, 6}
= {1, 3, 5}
A
= {1, 2, 3}
B
B
= {1,3}
A
13.
Probability of en Event
Let E be an event and S be the sample space. Then probability of the event E can be defined
as
P(E) =
n(E)
n(S)
where P(E) = Probability of the event E, n(E) = number of ways in which the event can occur
and n(S) = Total number of outcomes possible
Exam ples
i.
P(E) =
ii.
n(E)
n(S)
1
2
Two dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum on the top face of both the
dice will be greater than 9?
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled = 6 ( any one face out of the
6 faces)
Hence, total number of outcomes possible two dice are rolled, n(S) = 6 6 = 36
E = Getting a sum greater than 9 when the two dice are rolled = {(4, 6), {5, 5}, {5,
6}, {6, 4}, {6, 5}, (6, 6)}
Hence, n(E) = 6
P(E) =
14.
n(E)
6
1
=
=
36 6
n(S)
P(S) = 1
0
P (E) 1
P( ) = 0
15.
Addition Theorem
B)
If A and B are mutually exclusive events, then P(A U B) = P(A) + P(B) because for mutually
exclusive events, P(A B) = 0
P(A
B) = P(A).P(B)
Ex am ple : Two dice are rolled. What is the probability of getting an odd number in one die
and getting an even number in the other die?
Total number of outcomes possible when a die is rolled, n(S) = 6 ( any one face out of the 6
faces)
Let A be the event of getting the odd number in one die = {1,3,5}. => n(A)= 3
P(A) =
n(A)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
Let B be the event of getting an even number in the other die = {2,4, 6}. => n(B)= 3
P(B) =
n(B)
3 1
= =
6 2
n(S)
) = 1 - P(A)
P(A
17.
Odds on an ev ent
B) = P(A).P(B) =
1 1 1
=
2 2 4
x
x : y , i.e.,
and
y
y
Odds against E are y : x , i.e.,
x
x
P(E) =
x+y
Odds in favour of E are
P(E ) =
y
x+y
Ex am ple : What are the odds in favour of and against getting a 1 when a die is rolled?
Let E be an event of getting 1 when a die is rolled
Outcomes which are favourable to E,
x=1
18.
Conditional Probability
x 1
=
y 5
x
y 5
= =
y
x 1
y= 5
Let A and B be two events associated with a random experiment. Then, probability of the
occurrence of A given that B has already occurred is called conditional probability and
denoted by P(A/B)
Example : A bag contains 5 black and 4 blue balls. Two balls are drawn from the bag one by
one without replacement. What is the probability of drawing a blue ball in the second draw if a
black ball is already drawn in the first draw?
Let A be the event of drawing black ball in the first draw and B be the event of drawing a blue
ball in the second draw. Then, P(B/A) = Probability of drawing a blue ball in the second draw
given that a black ball is already drawn in the first draw.
Total Balls = 5 + 4 = 9
Since a black ball is drawn already,
total number of balls left after the first draw = 8
total number of blue balls after the first draw = 4
P(B/A) =
19.
4 1
=
8 2
n
( ) pr q nr
r
n
( )
r
20.
= nCr=
n!
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
The probability of getting exactly r-number of heads when n coins are tossed =
nCr
2n
1.
x km/hr = x
2.
y m/s = y
3.
Speed = distance/time
18
km/hr
5
s = d/t
4.
velocity = displacement/time
v = d/t
5.
Time taken by a train x meters long to pass a pole or standing man or a post
= Time taken by the train to travel x meters.
6.
7.
Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in the same direction at v1 m/s and v2 m/s where v1
> v2,
then their relative speed = (v1 v2) m/s
8.
Suppose two trains or two objects are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and v2 m/s ,
then their relative speed = (v1+ v2) m/s
9.
Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in opposite directions at v1 m/s and
v2 m/s, Then
The time taken by the trains to cross each other = (x+y) / (v1+v2) seconds
10.
Assume two trains of length x metres and y metres are moving in the same direction at at v1 m/s
and v2 m/s where v1 > v2, Then
The time taken by the faster train to cross the slower train = (x+y) / (v1-v2) seconds
11.
Assume that two trains (objects) start from two points P and Q towards each other at the same
time and after crossing they take p and q seconds to reach Q and P respectively. Then,
q : p
1. A train is running at a speed of 40 km/hr and it crosses a post in 18 seconds. What is the length of the
train?
A. 190 metres
B. 160 metres
C. 200 metres
D. 120 metres
2. A train ,130 meters long travels at a speed of 45 km/hr crosses a bridge in 30 seconds. The length of
the bridge is
A. 270 m
B. 245 m
C. 235 m
D. 220 m
3. A train has a length of 150 meters . it is passing a man who is moving at 2 km/hr in the same direction
of the train, in 3 seconds. Find out the speed of the train.
A. 182 km/hr
B. 180 km/hr
C. 152 km/hr
D. 169 km/hr
4. A train having a length of 240 m passes a post in 24 seconds. How long will it take to pass a platform
having a length of 650 m?
A. 120 sec
B. 99 s
C. 89 s
D. 80 s
5. A train 360 m long runs with a speed of 45 km/hr. What time will it take to pass a platform of 140 m
long?
A. 38 sec
B. 35 s
C. 44 sec
D. 40 s
6. Two trains running in opposite directions cross a man standing on the platform in 27 seconds and 17
seconds respectively . If they cross each other in 23 seconds, what is the ratio of their speeds?
A. Insufficient data
B. 3 : 1
C. 1 : 3
D. 3 : 2
Relative speed= x+ y
Time taken to cross each other = 23 s
=> (27x + 17 y)/(x+y) = 23
=> (27x + 17 y)/ = 23(x+y)
=> 4x = 6y
7. A jogger is running at 9 kmph alongside a railway track in 240 meters ahead of the engine of a 120
meters long train . The train is running at 45 kmph in the same direction. how much time does it take for
the train to pass the jogger?
A. 46
B. 36
C. 18
D. 22
8. Two trains of equal length are running on parallel lines in the same direction at 46 km/hr and 36 km/hr.
If the faster train passes the slower train in 36 seconds,what is the length of each train?
A. 88
B. 70
C. 62
D. 50
9. Two trains having length of 140 m and 160 m long run at the speed of 60 km/hr and 40 km/hr
respectively in opposite directions (on parallel tracks). The time which they take to cross each other, is
A. 10.8 s
B. 12 s
C. 9.8 s
D. 8 s
10. Two trains are moving in opposite directions with speed of 60 km/hr and 90 km/hr respectively. Their
lengths are 1.10 km and 0.9 km respectively. the slower train cross the faster train in --- seconds
A. 56
B. 48
C. 47
D. 26
11. A train passes a platform in 36 seconds. The same train passes a man standing on the platform in 20
seconds. If the speed of the train is 54 km/hr, The length of the platform is
A. None of these
B. 280 meter
C. 240 meter
D. 200 meter
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Speed of the train = 54 km/hr = (5410)/36 m/s = 15 m/s
Length of the train = speed time taken to cross the man = 1520 = 300 m
Let the length of the platform = L
Time taken to cross the platform = (300+L)/15
=> (300+L)/15 = 36
=> 300+L = 1536 = 540
=> L = 540-300 = 240 meter
12. A train moves past a post and a platform 264 m long in 8 seconds and 20 seconds respectively. What
is the speed of the train?
A. 79.2 km/hr
B. 69 km/hr
C. 74 km/hr
D. 61 km/hr
13. Two trains having equal lengths, take 10 seconds and 15 seconds respectively to cross a post. If the
length of each train is 120 meters, in what time (in seconds) will they cross each other when traveling in
opposite direction?
A. 10
B. 25
C. 12
D. 20
14. Two trains, one from P to Q and the other from Q to P, start simultaneously. After they meet, the
trains reach their destinations after 9 hours and 16 hours respectively. The ratio of their speeds is
A. 2 : 3
B. 2 :1
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 2
16
=
9
= 4:3
15. A train having a length of 1/4 mile , is traveling at a speed of 75 mph. It enters a tunnel 3 miles
long. How long does it take the train to pass through the tunnel from the moment the front enters to the
moment the rear emerges?
A. 3 min
B. 4.2 min
C. 3.4 min
D. 5.5 min
16. A train runs at the speed of 72 kmph and crosses a 250 m long platform in 26 seconds. What is the
length of the train?
A. 270 m
B. 210 m
C. 340 m
D. 130 m
17. A train overtakes two persons who are walking in the same direction to that of the train at 2 kmph and
4 kmph and passes them completely in 9 and 10 seconds respectively. What is the length of the train?
A. 62 m
B. 54 m
C. 50 m
D. 55 m
18. A train is traveling at 48 kmph . It crosses another train having half of its length , traveling in opposite
direction at 42 kmph, in 12 seconds. It also passes a railway platform in 45 seconds. What is the length of
the platform?
A. 500 m
B. 360 m
C. 480 m
D. 400 m
Time = 12 s
Distance/time = speed => 3x/12 = 25
=> x = 2512/3 = 100 meter
Length of the first train = 2x = 200 meter
19. A train having a length of 270 meter is running at the speed of 120 kmph . It crosses another train
running in opposite direction at the speed of 80 kmph in 9 seconds. What is the length of the other train?
A. 320 m
B. 190 m
C. 210 m
D. 230 m
20. Two trains, each 100 m long are moving in opposite directions. They cross each other in 8 seconds. If
one is moving twice as fast the other, the speed of the faster train is
A. 75 km/hr
B. 60 km/hr
C. 35 km/hr
D. 70 km/hr
21. Two stations P and Q are 110 km apart on a straight track. One train starts from P at 7 a.m. and
travels towards Q at 20 kmph. Another train starts from Q at 8 a.m. and travels towards P at a speed of
25 kmph. At what time will they meet?
A. 10.30 a.m
B. 10 a.m.
C. 9.10 a.m.
D. 11 a.m.
=> x= 3
Means, they meet after 3 hours after 7 am, ie, they meet at 10 am
22. A train overtakes two persons walking along a railway track. The first person walks at 4.5 km/hr and
the other walks at 5.4 km/hr. The train needs 8.4 and 8.5 seconds respectively to overtake them. What is
the speed of the train if both the persons are walking in the same direction as the train?
A. 81 km/hr
B. 88 km/hr
C. 62 km/hr
D. 46 km/hr
23. A train , having a length of 110 meter is running at a speed of 60 kmph. In what time, it will pass a
man who is running at 6 kmph in the direction opposite to that of the train
A. 10 sec
B. 8 sec
C. 6 sec
D. 4 sec
Distance = 110 m
Relative speed = 60+6 = 66 kmph (Since both the train and the man are in
moving in opposite direction)
= 6610/36 mps = 110/6 mps
Time = distance/speed = 110/(110/6) = 6 s
24. A 300 metre long train crosses a platform in 39 seconds while it crosses a post in 18 seconds. What is
the length of the platform?
A. 150 m
B. 350 m
C. 420 m
D. 600 m
25. A train crosses a post in 15 seconds and a platform 100 m long in 25 seconds. Its length is
A. 150 m
B. 300 m
C. 400 m
D. 180 m
26. A train , 800 meter long is running with a speed of 78 km/hr. It crosses a tunnel in 1 minute. What is
the length of the tunnel (in meters)?
A. 440 m
B. 500 m
C. 260 m
D. 430 m
27. Two train each 500 m long, are running in opposite directions on parallel tracks. If their speeds are 45
km/hr and 30 km/hr respectively, the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the faster one is
A. 50 sec
B. 58 sec
C. 24 sec
D. 22 sec
We are calculating the time taken by the slower train to pass the driver of the
faster one
.Hence the distance = length of the smaller train = 500 m
Time = distance/speed = 500/(125/6) = 24 s
28. Two trains are running at 40 km/hr and 20 km/hr respectively in the same direction. If the fast train
completely passes a man sitting in the slower train in 5 seconds, the length of the fast train is :
A.
19 m
C.
13
2
m
9
7
m
9
B.
27
D.
33 m
27
7
m =
9
29. Two trains are running in opposite directions in the same speed. The length of each train is 120 meter.
If they cross each other in 12 seconds, the speed of each train (in km/hr) is
A. 42
B. 36
C. 28
D. 20
30. A train 108 m long is moving at a speed of 50 km/hr . It crosses a train 112 m long coming from
opposite direction in 6 seconds. What is the speed of the second train?
A. 82 kmph
B. 76 kmph
C. 44 kmph
D. 58 kmph
31. How many seconds will a 500 meter long train moving with a speed of 63 km/hr, take to cross a man
walking with a speed of 3 km/hr in the direction of the train ?
A. 42
B. 50
C. 30
D. 28
2.
3.
4.
5.
Gain or Profit = SP CP
6.
Loss = CP - SP
7.
8.
9.
10.
(CP - SP)
Loss
100 =
100
CP
CP
SP =
11.
(SP - CP)
Profit
100 =
100
CP
CP
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP
CP =
100
(100 + Gain %)
SP =
(100 Loss%)
CP
100
CP =
100
SP
(100 Loss%)
SP
12.
13.
14.
15.
If a person sells two items at the same price; one at a gain of x % and another at a loss of x %,
then the seller always incurs a loss expressed as
Loss % = (
16.
=(
x
)
10
If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price, but uses false weights, then
Gain% = [
Error
( True Value - Error )
100] %
1. John buys an old scooter for Rs. 4700 and spends Rs. 800 on its repairs. If he sells the scooter for Rs. 5800, what is his gain percent?
A.
C.
12%
4
4 %
7
10%
5
D. 5
%
11
B.
Gain% = (
Gain
300
300 60
5
) 100 = (
) 100 =
=
=5
CP
5500
55
11
11
2. The cost price of 20 articles is the same as the selling price of x articles. If the profit is 25%, find out the value of x
A. 15
B. 25
C. 18
D. 16
CP of 20 articles = 20
SP CP
25
1
)=
= ------------( Equation 3)
CP
100 4
(20 x)
1
=
x
4
80 4x = x
5x = 80
x=
80
= 16
5
3. If selling price is doubled, the profit triples. What is the profit percent?
A.
100
C.
66
2
3
B.
105
D.
120
1
3
If SP is doubled, SP = 2y
Now Profit = SP CP = 2y - x
2y x = 3(y x)
2y x = 3y 3x
y = 2x
P rofit% =
P rofit
100
CP
y x
100
x
2x x
100
x
x
100
x
= 100%
4. In a shop, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price remains constant, find out approximately what percentage of the selling price is
the profit?
A. 250%
B. 100%
C. 70%
D. 30%
\begin{align} &\text{Let the CP = 100} \\ \\ &Profit = \dfrac{320}{100} \times 100 = 320 \\\\ &SP = CP + Profit = 100 + 320 = 420 \\ \\ \\ &\text{If the cost increases by 25%, New CP}
5. A vendor bought bananas at 6 for a rupee. How many for a rupee must he sell to gain 20%?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
CP of 6 bananas = 1
Gain = 20%
SP of 6 bananas = 1
120 12
=
100 10
The number of bananas he should sell for Rs.1 for a gain of 20% =
10
10
6=
=5
12
2
6. The percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280. At what price should the item be
sold to make 25% profit?
A. Insufficient Data
B. Rs. 3000
C. Rs. 2000
D. Rs. 2200
Let CP = x
Percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920
=
SP CP
CP
1920 x
100
x
100
Percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280
=
CP SP
CP
x 1280
100
x
100
Given that Percentage profit earned by selling an item for Rs. 1920 =
Percentage loss incurred by selling the same item for Rs. 1280
1920 x
x 1280
100 =
100
x
x
1920 x
x 1280
=
x
x
1920 x = x 1280
2x = 1920 + 1280 = 3200
3200
2
x=
= 1600
125
100
125
5
= 1600
100
4
= 400 5 = 2000
7. An exporter expects a gain of 22.5% on his cost price. If in a week, his sale was of Rs. 392, what was his profit?
A. Insufficient Data
B. Rs. 80
C. Rs. 90
D. Rs. 72
SP = 392
Gain = 22.5%
CP =
=
100
100
100
SP =
392 =
392
100 + 22.5
122.5
100 + Gain%
1000
40
40
392 =
392 =
56 = 40 8 = 320
1225
49
7
8. A man buys a scooter for Rs. 1400 and sells it at a loss of 15%. What is the selling price of the scooter?
A. Rs. 1240
B. Rs. 1190
C. Rs. 1090
D. Rs. 1130
SP = 1400
85
= 14 85 = 1190
100
9. Murali purchased 20 dozens of toys at the rate of Rs. 375 per dozen. He sold each one of them at the rate of Rs. 33. Find out his profit percentage.
A. 3.5
B. 5.6
C. 4.1
D. 3.4
CP of 1 toy =
375
12
SP of 1 toy = 33
Profit = SP CP = 33
375
12
P rofit
Profit% =
100 =
CP
= (33
375
)
12
375
12
(33
100
12
4
1) 100 = (33
1) 100
375
125
7
7
28
3
100 = 4 =
= 5 % = 5.6%
125
5
5
5
10. Some items were bought at 6 items for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 items for Rs. 6. What is the gain percentage?
1
3
A.
44%
B.
33
C.
31
2
3
D.
30%
CP of 1 item =
5
6
SP of 1 item =
6
5
6 5
SP CP
36
5 6
Gain% =
100 =
100 = (
1) 100
CP
5
25
6
11
100 = 11 4 = 44
25
11. On selling 17 balls at Rs. 720, there is a loss equal to the cost price of 5 balls. What is the cost price of a ball?
A. Rs. 43
B. Rs. 60
C. Rs. 55
D. Rs. 34
Explanation :
Loss = (CP of 17 balls) - (SP of 17 balls) = (CP of 17 balls) 720
=> CP of 1 ball =
720
= 60
12
12. When an item is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%. At what price should that plot be sold to get a gain of 15%?
A. Rs. 25100
B. Rs. 24200
C. Rs. 25300
D. Rs. 21200
When an item is sold for Rs. 18,700, the owner loses 15%
SP = 18700 and Loss = 15%
CP =
100
100
100
SP =
18700 =
18700
100 15
85
100 Loss%
100 + Gain%
100 + 15
115
CP =
CP =
CP
100
100
100
115 100
115
23
18700 =
18700 =
18700
100
85
85
17
= 23 1100 = 25300
13. 100 oranges were bought at the rate of Rs. 350 and sold at the rate of Rs. 48 per dozen. What is the percentage of profit or loss?
2
% Loss
7
2
C. 14
% Profit
7
A.
11
1
% Profit
7
2
D. 14
% Loss
7
B.
11
350
= 3.5
100
SP of 12 oranges = 48
SP of 1 orange =
Profit% =
=
48
=4
12
SP CP
4 3.5
.5
100 =
100 =
100
CP
3.5
3.5
1
100
2
100 =
= 14
7
7
7
14. A shopkeeper sells one radio for Rs. 840 at a gain of 20% and another for Rs. 960 at a loss of 4%. What is his total gain or loss percentage?
5%
12
C. 6
%
17
6%
15
D. 5
%
17
A.
B.
100
(100 + Gain%)
SP =
100
840 = 100 7 = 700
(100 + 20)
SP =
100
960 = 100 10 = 1000
(100 4)
100
(100 Loss%)
Gain
100
100
15
100 =
100 =
=5
CP
1700
17
17
15. A trader mixes 26 kg of rice at Rs. 20 per kg with 30 kg of rice of other variety at Rs. 36 per kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 30 per kg. What is his profit percentage?
A. 6%
B. 5%
C. 4%
D. 7%
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Gain
80
100
100 =
100 =
= 5%
CP
1600
20
16. If a material is sold for Rs.34.80, there is a loss of 25%. Find out the cost price of the material?
A. Rs.46.40
B. Rs.44
C. Rs.42
D. Rs.47.20
SP = 34.80
Loss = 25%
CP =
100
(100 Loss%)
SP =
100
100
34.80 =
34.80
75
(100 25)
4 34.80
= 4 11.60 = 46.40
3
17. A fruit seller sells apples at the rate of Rs.9 per kg and thereby loses 20%. At what price per kg, he should have sold them to make a profit of 5%?
A. 11.32
B. 11
C. 12
D. 11.81
SP = 9
Loss = 20%
CP =
100
(100 Loss%)
SP =
5
9
4
100
100
9 =
9
80
(100 20)
(100 + 5)
100 + Gain%
CP =
CP
100
100
105 5
105 5
21 5
21 1
189
9 =
9 =
9 =
9 =
= 11.81
100 4
100 4
20 4
4
4
16
18. A trader gives 12% additional discount on the discounted price, after giving an initial discount of 20% on the labeled price of an item. The final sale price of the item is
Rs.704. Find out the labeled price?
A. 1000
B. 2000
C. 1200
D. 920
80
100
80
88
100 100
80
88
= 704
100 100
4 22
= 704
5 25
x = 704
25 5
25
= 176
5
22 4
22
= 8 25 5 = 40 25 = 1000
19. A man sells two houses at the rate of Rs.1.995 lakhs each. On one he gains 5% and on the other, he loses 5%. What is his gain or loss percent in the whole transaction?
A. 0.25%.
B. .3%
C. .4%
D. .5%
Loss% = (
=(
x
)
10
5
)
10
1
= ( ) = .25
4
20. John purchased a machine for Rs. 80,000. After spending Rs.5000 on repair and Rs.1000 on transport he sold it with 25% profit. What price did he sell the machine?
A. Rs.107000.
B. Rs.107500.
C. Rs.108500.
D. None of these
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP =
(100 + 25)
86000
100
125
5
86000 = 86000 = 5 21500 = 107500
100
4
21. By selling an item for Rs.15, a trader loses one sixteenth of what it costs him. The cost price of the item is
A. Rs.14
B. Rs.15
C. Rs.16
D. Rs.17
SP = 15
Loss =
CP
16
Loss = CP SP = CP 15
CP
= CP 15
16
15 CP
= 15
16
CP
=1
16
CP = 16
22. A shopkeeper sells his goods at cost price but uses a weight of 800 gm instead of kilogram weight. What is his profit percentage?
A. 18%
B. 40%
C. 25%
D. 20%
Gain% = [
Error
(True Value Error)
=[
100] %
200
100] %
(1000 200)
200
100] % = 25%
800
23. Prasanth bought a car and paid 10 % less than the original price. He sold it with 30% profit on the price he had paid. What percentage of profit did he earn on the original
price?
A. 17%
B. 16%
C. 18%
D. 14%
Explanation :
(100 + P rofit%)
100
CP =
(100 + 30)
90
100
130
90 = 13 9 = 117
100
(117 100)
100 = 17%
100
Required % =
24. If a seller reduces the selling price of an item from Rs.400 to Rs.380, his loss increases by 2%. What is the cost price of the item?
A. 1000
B. 800
C. 1200
D. 1100
Initial Loss% =
CP 400
100
CP
CP 380
100
CP
CP 380
CP 400
100
100 = 2
CP
CP
2 CP
100
2 CP
100
CP =
20 100
= 1000
2
25. A trader keeps the marked price of an item 35% above its cost price. The percentage of discount allowed to gain 8% is
A. None
B. 30%
C. 25%
D. 20%
100 135
= 135
100
(100 + Gain%)
100
CP =
(100 + 8)
100 = 108
100
(135 108)
2700
100 =
= 20
135
135
26. Arun bought a computer with 15% discount on the labeled price. He sold the computer for Rs.2880 with 20% profit on the labeled price. At what price did he buy the
computer?
A. Rs.3000
B. Rs.2080
C. Rs.2040
D. Rs.2000
SP = 2880
Arun sold the computer with 20% profit on the Labeled Price
2880 =
Labeled Price =
(2880 100)
28800 9600
=
=
= 2400
120
12
4
=> CP =
2400 85
= 24 85 = 2040
100
27. An item was sold for Rs.27.50 with a profit of 10%. If it was sold for Rs.25.75, what would have been the percentage of profit or loss?
A. 3%
B. 2%
C. 4%
D. 5%
CP =
100
(100 + P rofit%)
SP =
100
2750
27.5 =
= 25
110
(100 + 10)
Gain% =
(25.75 25)
.75
100 =
100 = 3%
25
25
28. If selling price of an article is Rs. 250, profit percentage is 25%. Find the ratio of the cost price and the selling price
A. 5: 3
B. 3 : 5
C. 4 : 5
D. 5 : 4
CP =
100
(100 + Profit%)
SP =
100
100
250 ==
250 = 200
125
(100 + 25)
29. A material is purchased for Rs. 600. If one fourth of the material is sold at a loss of 20% and the remaining at a gain of 10%, Find out the overall gain or loss percentage?
1
%
2
C. 3%
A.
1
%
2
D. 2%
B.
1
80
600
= 120
4
100
3
110
600
= 495
4
100
Profit% =
(SP CP )
(615 600)
15
15 5
1
100 =
100 =
100 =
= =2 %
CP
600
600
6
2
2
30. A shopkeeper buys pencils at 9 for Rs. 16 and sells them at 11 for Rs. 22. Find out his loss or gain percentage?
1
%
2
A.
12
C.
14%
B.
12%
D.
11
2
%
3
16
9
22
SP of 1 pencil =
=2
11
CP of 1 pencil =
(SP CP )
Profit% =
100 =
CP
(2
16
)
9
16
9
2
100
1
9
100 =
100 =
= 12 %
16
8
2
9
31. A reduction of 10% in the price of a pen enabled a trader to purchase 9 more for Rs.540. What is the reduced price of the pen?
A. 8
B. 6
C. 5
D. 4
540
x
90x 9x
=
100 10
540 600
=
9x
x
10
600 540 60
=
x
x
x
60
=9
x
x=
60
9
60
90
=6
9
100
32. Sunil purchases two books at Rs.300 each. He sold one book 10% gain and other at 10% loss. What is the total loss or gain in percentage?
A. 10% gain
B. 1% loss
C. No loss or no gain
D. 1% gain
110
90
300
+ 300
=
(110 + 90) = 3 200 = 600
100
100 100
Total SP = Total CP
Hence No loss or no gain
A beats B by t seconds
A gives B a start of t
seconds
A gives B a start of x
metres
While A starts from the starting point, B starts x meters ahead from the same starting
point at the same time.
To cover a race of 100 metres in this case, A will have to cover 100 metres while B
will have to cover only (100 - x) metres.
Game of 100
A game in which the participant who scores 100 points first wins.
If A is n times as fast as B and A gives B a start of x meters, then the length of the race course , so
8.
= x(
n
)
n1
metres
9.
1. A is 2 13 times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 m, how long should the race course be so that
both of them reach at the same time?
A. 170 metre
B. 150 metre
C. 140 metre
D. 160 metre
7
80 = 140 metre
4
-------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
n
)
n1
metres
Here, n = 2
1 7
=
, x = 80
3 3
7
3
7
1
3
= 80 (
n
)
n1
7
7
) = 80 ( ) = 20 7 = 140 metre
73
4
2. A can run 224 metre in 28 seconds and B in 32 seconds. By what distance A beat B?
A. 36 metre
B. 24 metre
C. 32 metre
D. 28 metre
Distance
224 28
=
=
= 7 m/s
Time taken by B
32
4
Distance covered by B in 4 seconds = Speed time = 7 4 = 28 metre
Speed of B =
If A can run
where
t1
t 2,
x
(t 2 t 1 ) metres
t2
then
beats
by
distance
Required distance =
224
224
224
(32 28) =
4 =
= 28 metre
32
32
8
3. In a 100 m race, A can give B 10 m and C 28 m. In the same race B can give C :
A. 20 m
B. 15 m
C. 10 m
D. 25 m
18
100 = 20 m
90
----------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------"A can give B 10 m".
=> In a 100 m race, A will have to cover 100 m while B will have
to cover only 100-10=90 m.
Similarly, "A can give C 28 m"
=> In a 100 m race, A will have to cover 100 m while C will
have to cover only 100-28 = 72 m.
=> When B covers 90 metre, C covers 72 m
72 100
= 80 metre
90
4. At a game of billiards, A can give B 15 points in 60 and A can give C to 20 points in 60. How many
B. 20 points
C. 12 points
D. 10 points
40 90
= 80 points
45
5. In a 500 m race, the ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4. A has a start of 140 m.
Then, A wins by:
A. 60 m
B. 20 m
C. 40 m
D. 10 m
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
To reach the winning point , A will have to cover a distance of
500 - 140= 360 metre
ratio of the speeds of two contestants A and B is 3 : 4
i.e., when A covers 3 metre, B covers 4 metre.
4
360 = 480 metre.
3
6. In a race of 200 m, A can beat B by 31 m and C by 18 m. In a race of 350 m, C will beat B by:
A. 20.25 m
B. 21.5 m
C. 22.75 m
D. 25 m
169
350 = 325 m
182
B. 100 m
C. 75 m
D. 112.5 m
Explanation :
when B runs 25 m, A runs 22.5 m
22.5
1000 = 900 m
25
8. In a 100 m race, A can beat B by 25 m and B can beat C by 4 m. In the same race, A can beat C by:
A. 21 m
B. 28 m
C. 26 m
D. 29 m
96
75 = 72 m
100
9. In a 300 m race A beats B by 22.5 m or 6 seconds. B's time over the course is:
A. None of these
B. 80 sec
C. 76 sec
D. 86 sec
6
300 = 80 seconds
22.5
10. A and B take part in 100 m race. A runs at 5 kmph. A gives B a start of 8 m and still beats him by 8
seconds. The speed of B is:
A. 4.4 kmph
B. 4.25 kmph
C. 4.14 kmph
D. 5.15 kmph
5
25
=
m/s
18 18
distance
100
Time taken by A to cover 100 m =
=
speed
25
( )
18
Speed of A = 5 kmph = 5
= 72 seconds
Speed of B =
distance
92
92 18
=
m/s =
11. A runs 1 23 times as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 80 m, how far must the winning post be so that
A and B might reach it at the same time?
A. 200 m
B. 270 m
C. 300 m
D. 160 m
5
80 = 200 m
2
12. In a game of 100 points, A can give B 20 points and C 28 points. Then, B can give C:
A. 40 points
B. 10 points
C. 14 points
D. 8 points
72
100 = 90 points
80
13. In 100 m race, A covers the distance in 36 seconds and B in 45 seconds. In this race A beats B by:
A. 9 m
B. 25 m
C. 22.5 m
D. 20 m
Speed of B =
Distance
100
=
m/s
Time
45
100
9 = 20 metre
45
14. In a 100 m race, A beats B by 10 m and C by 13 m. In a race of 180 m, B will beat C by:
A. 5.4 m
B. 5 m
C. 4.5 m
D. 6 m
87
180= 174 m
90
15. In a 200 metres race A beats B by 35 m or 7 seconds. A's time over the course is:
A. 33 sec
B. 40 sec
C. 47 sec
D. None of these
7
200 = 40 seconds
35
16. A, B and C are the three contestants in one km race. If A can give B a start of 40 metres and A can
give C a start of 64 metres. How many metres start can B give C?
A. None of these
B. 20 m
C. 25 m
D. 35 m
936
1000 = 975 m
960
17. In a game of 90 points A can give B 15 points and C 30 points. How many points can B give C in a
game of 100 points?
A. 140
B. 20
C. 300
D. 50
60
100 = 80 points
75
18. In a 100 metres race. A runs at a speed of 2 metres per seconds. If A gives B a start of 4 metres and
still beats him by 10 seconds, find the speed of B.
A. 1.6 m/sec.
B. 4 m/sec.
C. 2.6 m/sec.
D. 1 m/sec.
Explanation :
Speed of A = 2 m/s
distance
100
=
= 50 seconds
speed
2
Speed of B =
distance
96
=
= 1.6 m/s
time
60
19. P runs 1 km in 3 minutes and Q in 4 minutes 10 secs. How many metres start can P give Q in 1
kilometre race, so that the race may end in a dead heat?
A. 210 metre
B. 180 metre
C. 220 metre
D. 280 metre
25
minutes
6
6
18
=> Q runs (1
3) =
= 0.72 km in 3 minutes
25
25
=> Q runs 1 km in
20. A runs 1 38 times As fast as B. If A gives B a start of 90 m and they reach the goal at the same time.
The goal is at a distance of
A. 330 m
B. 440 m
C. 120 m
D. 280 m
Explanation :
Speed of A : Speed of B = 118: 1 = 11 : 8
Let Speed of A = 11k
and Speed of B = 8k
Let the distance to the goal = x
Distance travelled by A
Speed of A
x
x 90
=
11k
8k
x
x 90
=
11
8
Distance travelled by B
Speed of B
8x = 11x 990
3x = 990
x = 330
Distance to the goal = 330 metre
21. Two boys A and B run at 4 15 and 8 km an hour respectively. A having 150 m start and the course
being 1 km, B wins by a distance of
A. 325 m
B. 60 m
C. 120 m
D. 275 m
Speed of A = 4
1
21
21
5
21 7
km/hr =
km/hr =
=
=
m/s
5
5
5
18 18 6
Speed of B = 8 km/hour = 8
5
20
=
m/s
18
9
distance
1000
=
= 450 second
Speed of B
20
( )
9
7
= 525 metre
6
22. In a 100 metres race, A can beat B by 10 metres and B can beat C by 5 metres. In the same race, A
can beat C by
A. 14.5 metre
B. 14 metre
C. 15.5 metre
D. 15 metre
95
95 9
90 =
= 85.5 metre
100
10
ie, when A run 100 metre, B run 90 metre and C run 85.5 metre
Hence, A beat C by (100-85.5)= 14.5 metre
23. X, Y and Z are the three contestants in one km race. If X can give Y a start of 52 metres and X can
also give Z a start of 83 metres, how many metres start Y can give Z?
A. 33.3 m
B. 33 m
C. 32 m
D. 32.7 m
917
1000 = 967.30 metre
948
24. In a race of 600 m. A can beat B by 60 m and in a race of 500 m. B can beat C by 50 m. By how many
metres will A beat C in a race of 400 m?
A. 76 metre
B. 74 metre
C. 72 metre
D. 78 metre
540
400 = 360 metre
600
450
360 = 324 metre
500
i.e., When A runs 400 metre, B runs 360 metre and C runs 324
metre.
Hence, A beats C by (400-324)=76 metre in a race of 400 m
25. A can run 220 metres in 41 seconds and B in 44 seconds. By how many seconds will B win if he has 30
metres start?
A. 8 sec
B. 4 sec
C. 2.5 sc
D. 3 sec
44
seconds to cover 1 metre
220
44
4
=> B takes
190 =
190 = 38 seconds to cover 190 metre
220
20
=> B takes
26. In one km race A beats B by 4 seconds or 40 metres. How long does B take to run the kilometer?
A. 112 sec
B. 110 sec
C. 101 sec
D. 100 sec
4
1
=
seconds to run 1 metre
40 10
1
=> B takes
1000 = 100 seconds to run 1000 metre
10
=> B takes
27. In a game, A can give B 20 points, A can give C 32 points and B can give C 15 points. How many
points make the game?
A. 120 points
B. 90 points
C. 80 points
D. 100 points
(x 15)
points
x
(x 20)(x 15)
=> When B scores (x-20) point, C scores
x
i.e., (x 32) =
points
(x 20)(x 15)
x
28. In a game A can give B 20 points in 60 and C 18 points in 90. How many points can C give B in a game
of 120?
A. 20 points
B. 22 points
C. 18 points
D. 40 points
90
points, C scores 1 point.
72
90
90
=> While A scores
120 =
10 = 150 points, C scores 120 point.
72
6
40 2
=
points
60 3
2
=> While A scores 150 points, B scores 150 = 100 points
3
29. In a km race A can beat B by 100 m and B can beat C by 60 m. In the same race A can beat C by
A. 144 m
B. 164 m
C. 144 m
D. 154 m
940
m
1000
940
=> While B runs 900 m, C runs
900 = 94 9 = 846 m
1000
30. In a flat race, A beats B by 15 metres and C by 29 metres. When B and C run over the course
together, B wins by 15 metres. Find the length of the course
A. 225 m
B. 125 m
C. 220 m
D. 256 m
x 15
metre
x
(x 15)
x 15
=> when B runs (x-15) metre, C run
(x 15) =
x
x
(x 15)
i.e., (x 29) =
x
Page 2
metre
31. A and B run a km race. If A gives B a start of 50 m, A wins by 14 sec and if A gives B a start of 22
sec, B wins by 20 m. The time taken by A to run a km is
A. 125 sec
B. 120 sec
C. 105 sec
D. 100 sec
950
b a = 14
1000
95
b a = 14---(Equation 1)
100
If A gives B a start of 22 sec, B wins by 20 m
i.e., A starts 22 seconds after B starts from the same starting
point.
i.e., here B runs for b seconds where A runs for (b-22) seconds
=> Distance Covered by B in b seconds - Distance Covered by
A in (b-22) seconds = 20
=> 1000
1000
(b 22) = 20
a
1000
(b 22) = 980
a
1000b 22000 = 980a
100b 2200 = 98a
50b 1100 = 49a
50b 49a = 1100---(Equation 2)
(Equation 1) 49
95 49
b 49a = 14 49
100
414
= 120 seconds
3.45
95 120
a = 14
100
114 a = 14
a = 114 14 = 100
i.e., The time taken by A to run a km = 100 seconds
32. A can run a kilometre in 4 min 54 sec and B in 5 min. How many metres start can A give B in a km race
so that the race may end in a dead heat?
A. 25 m
B. 20 m
C. 15 m
D. 10 m
1000 10
=
m in 1 sec
300
3
10
=> B covers
6 = 20 m in 6 sec
3
=> B covers
i.e., A can give B a start of 20 metre so that the race will end
in a dead heat.
33. A runs 1 13 as fast as B. If A gives B a start of 30 metres. How far must be the wining post, so that
the race ends in a dead heat?
A. 100 m
B. 110 m
C. 140 m
D. 120 m
Time taken by A =
Distance run by A
Speed of A
Time taken by B =
Distance run by B
Speed of B
x
4k
( )
3
x 30
=
k
x
4k
( )
3
x
4
( )
3
x 30
k
= x 30
3x = 4x 120
x = 120
i.e., the distance to the winning point = 120 metre
B. 100 metres
C. 220 metres
D. 250 metres
15
metres while B runs 1 metre
20
15
A can run
1000 = 750 metres while B runs 1000 metres
20
A can run
35. A and B run a 5 km race on a round course of 400 m. If their speeds be in the ratio 5 : 4, how often
does the winner pass the other?
A. 5 times
B. 4 12 times
C. 2 12 times
D. 4 times
=> when A covers 5000 metre, the winner pass the other
5000
1
= 2 times
2000
2
36. In a 100 m race, A runs at 6 km/hr. A gives B a start of 4 m and still beats him by 4 sec. Find the
speed of B.
A. 4.6 km/hr
B. 5.6 km/hr
C. 4.4 km/hr
D. 5.4 km/hr
5
5
=
m/s
18 3
distance
100
Time taken by A =
=
= 60 sec
speed
5
( )
3
Speed of A = 6 km/hr = 6
A gives B a start of 4 m
i.e., B has to cover (100-4)=96 metre
A beats B by 4 sec
=> Time taken by B to run the race = 60 + 4 = 64 sec
Speed of B =
Page 1
Distance
96
96 18
=
m/s =
= 5.4 km/hr
time
64
64
5
Page 2
1. Insert the missing number. 12, 25, 49, 99, 197, 395, (...)
A. 789
B. 1579
C. 722
D. 812
2.Insert the missing number. 34, 7, 37, 14, 40, 28, 43, (...)
A. 31
B. 42
C. 46
D. 56
B. 54
C. 56
D. 81
A. 42
B. 52
C. 46
D. 62
5.
A. 7620
B. 10080
C. 6200
D. 10020
6.
A. 6
B. 2
C. -2
D. -6
7.
A. 128
B. 64
C. 125
D. 122
8.
A. 354
B. 392
C. 343
D. 245
9.
A. 22
B. 35
C. 27
D. 32
11 2 - 3 = 19
19 2 - 3 = 35
10.
A. 53
B. 47
C. 48
D. 59
11.
A. 27
B. 68
C. 108
D. 72
12.
A. 481
B. 391
C. 511
D. 421
1), ...
Hence, next number is (83 - 1) = 511
13.
A. 486
B. -486
C. 422
D. -428
14.
A. 61
B. 72
C. 64
D. 70
15.
A. 60.75
B. 62
C. 58
D. 60.5
(83) 2 = 12
(123) 2 = 18
(183) 2 = 27
(273) 2 = 40.5
(40.53) 2 = 60.75
16.
A. 16
B. 8
C. 18
D. 12
17.
2, 3, 5, 16, 231, ?
A. 62005
B. 52120
C. 422
D. 53105
18.
A. 60
B. 46
C. 36
D. 66
Answer : Option C
Explanation :
Go on dividing by 6 to the next number
19.
A. 166
B. 178
C. 182
D. 190
20.
2 = 218
4 = 214
6 = 208
8 = 200
10 = 190
12 = 178
A. 1800
B. 2200
C. 2800
D. 3158
21.
A. 502
B. 521
C. 559
D. 611
22.
A. -12
B. -14
C. 2
D. 8
23.
14
16
18
20
22
= 64
= 48
= 30
= 10
= -12
A. 1
B. 8
C. 2
D. 0.5
24.
A. 1
B. 164
C. 18
D. None of these
25.
A. 1521
B. 1609
C. 1307
D. 1701
26.
A. 0.015625
B. 0.03125
C. 0.0078125
D. None of these
27.
A. 15
B. 16
C. 13
D. 14
28.
1
2
3
4
5
= 19
= 17
= 14
= 10
=5
9
32
9
C.
28
9
30
11
D.
32
A.
1 3 5 7
, , ,
,?
2 4 8 16
B.
29.
9
32
A. 26
B. 28
C. 40
D. 48
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
4 3 - 2 = 10
10 3 - 2 = 28
28 3 - 2 = 82
82 3 - 2 = 244
244 3 - 2 = 730
30.
A. 160.5
B. 162.5
C. 164.5
D. 166.5
B. 9
C. 1
D. 3
2. Find the odd man out. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 196, 216, 343
A. 64
B. 196
C. 216
D. 1
3. Find the odd man out. 15, 25, 30, 51, 85, 90, 115
A. 15
B. 25
C. 51
D. 90
B. 52
C. 36
D. 24
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
All except 52 are multiples of 6
5. Find the odd man out. 187, 264, 386, 473, 682, 781
A. 386
B. 187
C. 781
D. 682
6. Find the odd man out. 12, 24, 34, 48, 64, 84
A. 48
B. 34
C. 24
D. 12
7. Find the odd man out. 362, 482, 551, 263, 344, 284
A. 362
B. 482
C. 551
D. 344
8. Find the odd man out. 742, 743, 633, 853, 871, 990, 532
A. 532
B. 990
C. 633
D. 742
B. 17
C. 11
D. 1
B. 29
C. 25
D. 43
11. Find the odd man out. 1, 9, 16, 51, 121, 169, 225
A. 169
B. 51
C. 16
D. 1
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Each of the given numbers except 51 is a perfect square
B. 9
C. 17
D. 49
13. Find the odd man out. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 38, 50, 65
A. 50
B. 38
C. 26
D. 65
14. Find the odd man out. 18, 16, 12, 24, 11, 34, 46
A. 16
B. 46
C. 16
D. 11
15. Find the odd man out. 1, 27, 216, 512, 1024, 1331
A. 1024
B. 512
C. 27
D. 1
16. Find the odd man out. 1, 16, 81, 255, 625, 1296
A. 255
B. 1296
C. 81
D. 1
17. Find the odd man out. 6, 13, 18, 25, 30, 37, 40
A. 40
B. 30
C. 37
D. 25
successive
terms
18. Find the odd man out. 445, 221, 109, 46, 25, 11, 4
from the
A. 25
B. 109
C. 46
D. 221
19. Find the odd man out. 1050, 510, 242, 106, 46, 16, 3
A. 46
B. 106
C. 510
D. 1050
(16- 10)/2 = 3
Hence, 110 should have come in place of 106
B. 9
C. 23
D. 2
21. Find the odd man out. 3, 8, 18, 38, 78, 158, 316
A. 38
B. 158
C. 316
D. 8
38 2 + 2 = 78
78 2 + 2 = 158
158 2 + 2 = 318
Hence, 316 is wrong and 318 should have come in place of that
22. Find the odd man out. 5, 6, 14, 45, 185, 925, 5556
A. 5556
B. 925
C. 185
D. 6
23. Find the odd man out. 23, 27, 36, 52, 77, 111, 162
A. 162
B. 111
C. 52
D. 27
52 + 52 = 77
77 + 62 = 113
113 + 72 = 162
Hence, 113 should have come in place of 111
24. Find the odd man out. 241, 263, 248, 271, 255, 277, 262
A. 277
B. 271
C. 263
D. 241
25. Find the odd man out. 125, 127, 130, 135, 142, 153, 165
A. 165
B. 142
C. 153
D. 130
26. Find the odd man out. 5, 10, 40, 81, 320, 640, 2560
A. 40
B. 81
C. 320
D. 2560
27. Find the odd man out. 12, 21, 32, 45, 60, 77, 95
A. 95
B. 45
C. 32
D. 21
60 + 17 = 77
77 + 19 = 96
Hence, 95 is wrong. 96 should have come in place of 95
28. Find the odd man out. 3, 5, 15, 75, 1120, 84375
A. 84375
B. 1120
C. 15
D. 3
29. Find the odd man out. 3576, 1784, 888, 440, 216, 105, 48
A. 105
B. 216
C. 888
D. 1784
(888-8)/2 = 440
(440-8)/2 = 216
(216-8)/2 = 104
(104-8)/2 = 48
Hence, 105 is wrong. 104 should have come in place of 105
30. Find the odd man out. 30, -5, -45, -90, -145, -195, -255
A. -5
B. -145
C. -255
D. -195
7.
The statement "rate of interest 10% per annum" means that the interest for one year on a sum of
Rs.100 is Rs.10. If not stated explicitly, rate of interest is assumed to be for one year.
Simple Interest,
SI =
PRT
100
9.
P=
100 SI
RT
R=
100 SI
PT
T=
100 SI
PR
1. How much time will it take for an amount of Rs. 900 to yield Rs. 81 as interest at 4.5% per annum of
simple interest?
A. 2 years
B. 3 years
C. 1 year
D. 4 years
T=
100 SI
100 81
=
= 2 years
PR
900 4.5
2. Arun took a loan of Rs. 1400 with simple interest for as many years as the rate of interest. If he paid
Rs.686 as interest at the end of the loan period, what was the rate of interest?
A. 8%
B. 6%
C. 4%
D. 7%
SI=
PRT
100
686 =
1400 R R
100
686 = 14 R
49 = R 2
R=7
i.e.,Rate of Interest was 7%
3. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum is :
A. Rs. 700
B. Rs. 690
C. Rs. 650
D. Rs. 698
4. A sum fetched a total simple interest of Rs. 929.20 at the rate of 8 p.c.p.a. in 5 years. What is the
sum?
A. Rs. 2323
B. Rs. 1223
C. Rs. 2563
D. Rs. 2353
R = 8%
P=
100 SI
100 929.20
=
= Rs.2323
RT
85
5. Mr. Thomas invested an amount of Rs. 13,900 divided in two different schemes A and B at the simple
interest rate of 14% p.a. and 11% p.a. respectively. If the total amount of simple interest earned in 2
years be Rs. 3508, what was the amount invested in Scheme B?
A. Rs. 6400
B. Rs. 7200
C. Rs. 6500
D. Rs. 7500
We know that SI =
PRT
100
x 14 2
28x
=
100
100
45000
= 7500
6
(13900 x) 11 2
100
22(13900 x)
100
46. A four years NSC certificate was purchased for Rs. 500 with Rs. 1000 being the maturity value. Find
the rate of S.I.
A. 24%
B. 22%
C. 16%
D. 25%
R =
100 SI
100 500
100
=
=
= 25%
PT
500 4
4
47. If simple interest on a certain sum of money for 8 years at 4% per annum is same as the simple
interest on Rs. 560 for 8 years at the rate of 12% per annum then the sum of money is
A. Rs.1820
B. Rs.1040
C. Rs.1120
D. Rs.1680
x48
100
560 12 8
100
x 4 8 = 560 12 8
x 4 = 560 12
x = 560 3 = 1680
A. 5%
B. 6%
C. 4%
D. None of these
Simple Interest =
2x =
2=
PRT
100
x R 40
100
R 40
100
200 = 40R
R = 5%
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R=
100(n 1)
%
T
R=
100(n 1)
100(3 1)
100 2
100
=
=
=
= 5%
T
40
40
20
6. A person borrows Rs.5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple interest. He immediately lends it to another
person at 614% p.a for 2 years. Find his gain in the transaction per year.
A. Rs. 167.50
B. Rs. 150
C. Rs.225
D. Rs. 112.50
PRT
5000 4 2
=
= 400
100
100
25
5000
2
PRT
4
Simple interest that he gets =
=
100
100
= 625
225
= Rs.112.5
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------The person borrows Rs. 5000 for 2 years at 4% p.a. simple
interest
He also lends it at 614% p.a for 2 years
1
1
% 4% = 2 %
4
4
PRT
=
100
9
1
4
100
5000
= 112.5
7. What will be the ratio of simple interest earned by certain amount at the same rate of interest for 5
years and that for 15 years?
A. 3 : 2
B. 1 : 3
C. 2 : 3
D. 3 : 1
PR 5
)
100
Required Ratio =
PR 15
(
)
100
(
5
1
= = 1 :3
15 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
Required Ratio =
T1
5
1
=
= = 1 :3
T2
15 3
8. A sum of money amounts to Rs.9800 after 5 years and Rs.12005 after 8 years at the same rate of
simple interest. The rate of interest per annum is
A. 15%
B. 12%
C. 8%
D. 5%
2205
5 = Rs.3675
3
R=
100 SI
100 3675
=
= 12%
PT
6125 5
9. A certain amount earns simple interest of Rs. 1200 after 10 years. Had the interest been 2% more, how
much more interest would it have earned?
A. Rs. 25
B. None of these
C. Rs. 120
D. Cannot be determined
10. A man took loan from a bank at the rate of 8% p.a. simple interest. After 4 years he had to pay Rs.
6200 interest only for the period. The principal amount borrowed by him was:
A. Rs.17322
B. Rs.20245
C. Rs.18230
D. Rs.19375
P=
100 SI
100 6200
=
= Rs.19375
RT
84
11. A sum of Rs. 14,000 amounts to Rs. 22,400 in 12 years at the rate of simple interest. What is the rate of interest?
A. 7%
B. 6%
C. 5%
D. 4%
R=
100 SI
100 8400
=
= 5%
PT
14000 12
12. A sum of Rs. 725 is lent in the beginning of a year at a certain rate of interest. After 8 months, a sum of Rs. 362.50 more is lent but
at the rate twice the former. At the end of the year, Rs. 33.50 is earned as interest from both the loans. What was the original rate of
interest?
A. 3.46%
B. None of these
C. 4.5%
D. 5%
362.50 2R
725 R 1
=>
100
=>
725 R 1
100
=>
725R 725R
+
= 33.50
100
300
100
1
3
= 33.50
362.50 2R
= 33.50
300
=> 725R (
1
1
) = 33.50
+
100 300
=> 725R (
4
) = 33.50
300
502.5
= 3.46%
145
13. An automobile financier claims to be lending money at simple interest, but he includes the interest every six months for calculating the
principal. If he is charging an interest of 10%, the effective rate of interest becomes:
A. None of these
B. 10.25%
C. 10.5%
D. 10%
1
100 10
PRT
2
Simple Interest for first 6 months =
=
100
100
= Rs. 5
1
105 10
PRT
2
Simple Interest for next 6 months =
=
100
100
= Rs. 5.25
( R =
100 SI
100 10.25
=
= 10.25%)
PT
100 1
14. A lent Rs. 5000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 3000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of interest and received Rs. 2200 in
all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is:
A. 5%
B. 10%
C. 7%
D. 8%
Simple Interest for Rs. 5000 for 2 years at rate R% per annum + Simple Interest for Rs. 3000 for 4 years at rate R% per annum = Rs.2200
5000 R 2
3000 R 4
+
100
100
100R + 120R = 2200
220R = 2200
R = 10
= 2200
15. What annual payment will discharge a debt of Rs. 6450 due in 4 years at 5% per annum?
A. Rs.1500
B. Rs.1400
C. Rs.1800
D. Rs.1600
x53
15x
=
100
100
x52
10x
=
100
100
x51
5x
=
100
100
Amount paid after 4th year = Rs.x and this closes the entire
debt
=> x +
15x
10x
5x
+x+
+x+
+ x = 6450
100
100
100
=> 4x +
30x
= 6450
100
=> 4x +
3x
= 6450
10
100D
RT(T-1)
100T +
2
100D
RT(T-1)
100T +
2
645000
645000
=
=
= 1500
400 + 30
430
100 6450
5 4 (4 1)
100 4 +
2
16. A lends Rs. 1500 to B and a certain sum to C at the same time at 8% per annum simple interest. If
after 4 years, A altogether receives Rs. 1400 as interest from B and C, then the sum lent to C is
A. Rs.2875
B. Rs.1885
C. Rs.2245
D. Rs.2615
1500 8 4
x84
+
100
100
32x
480 +
= 1400
100
32x
= 920
100
920 100
x=
= 2875
32
= 1400
17. A sum of Rs. 10 is given as a loan to be returned in 6 monthly installments at Rs.3. What is the rate of
interest?
A. 820%
B. 620%
C. 780%
D. 640%
R
is due in 6 months
20
10 R
100
1
2
R
20
5
12
100
3 R
4
12
100
3 R
...
Payment after 5th month = Rs.3
1
12
100
3 R
Payment after 6th month = Rs.3 and this closes the loan
=> (3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3) +
5
12
100
. 3 R
.
4
12
100
3 R
+. . . +
1
12
100
3 R
= 10 +
R
20
3R
(5 + 4+. . . +1)
R
12
18 +
= 10 +
100
20
15R
R
18 +
= 10 +
400
20
R
15R
5R
R
8=
=
=
20 400
400 80
R = 640%
18. If the simple interest on a certain sum of money after 3 18years is 14 of the principal, what is the
rate of interest per annum?
A. 6%
B. 4%
C. 8%
D. 12%
x
100 SI
100 x 8
4
Rate of interest per annum(R) =
=
=
PT
25
4 x 25
x
8
100
= 8%
19. If a sum of Rs. 9 is lent to be paid back in 10 equal monthly installments of re. 1 each, then the rate
of interest is
A. 11.33%
B. 11%
C. 266.67%
D. 26.67%
10
12
100
9R
90R
is due in 10 months
1200
9
12
100
1R
8
12
100
1R
1
12
100
1R
Payment after 10th month = Rs.1 and this closes the loan
90R
1200
9
12
100
1R
9+
90R
= 10 1 +
1200
9+
90R
R
= 10 +
(9 + 8 + + 1)
1200
1200
9+
90R
R
9 10
(
)
= 10 +
1200
1200
2
9+
90R
45R
= 10 +
1200
1200
8
12
100
1R
++
1
12
100
1R
45R
=1
1200
R=
1200
= 26.67%
45
20. Divide Rs. 2379 into 3 parts so that their amount after 2,3 and 4 years respectively may be equal, the
rate of interest being 5% per annum at simple interest. The first part is
A. Rs. 828
B. Rs. 746
C. Rs. 248
D. Rs. 1024
(x +
x52
y 5 3
z 5 4
) = (y +
) = (z +
)
100
100
100
(x +
x
3y
z
) = (y +
) = (z + )
10
20
5
11x 23y 6z
=
=
10
20
5
Let
11x 23y 6z
=
=
= k
10
20
5
Then, x =
10k
,
11
y=
20k
,
23
(where k is a constant)
z=
5k
6
2379 11 23 6
3965
First part, x =
=
10k 10 2379 11 23 6
=
11
11
3965
2 2379 23 6
793
= 2 3 23 6 = 828
10 2379 23 6
3965
21. In how many years, Rs. 150 will produce the same interest at 6% as Rs. 800 produce in 2 years at 4
%?
A. 4 years
B. 6 years
C. 8 years
D. 9 years
150 6 n
100
9
2
2
100
800
150 6 n = 800
9
2
2
150 6 n = 800 9
3 6 n = 16 9
6 n = 16 3
2 n = 16
n = 8 years
22. A sum of Rs. 2500 amounts to Rs. 3875 in 4 years at the rate of simple interest. What is the rate of
interest?
A. 12.25%
B. 12%
C. 6%
D. 13.75%
R=?
R=
100 SI
100 1375
100 1375
=
=
= 13.75%
PT
2500 4
10000
23. What is the interest due after 40 days for Rs. 3200 at 10%
A. 35.07
B. 36.21
C. 35.52
D. 34
Simple Interest, SI =
PRT
=
100
3200 10
100
40
365
= 35.07
24. What is the rate of interest at which Rs.150 becomes Rs. 220 in 10 years.
A.
11
%
3
C. 12%
B.
14
%
3
D. 14%
R=
100 SI
100 70
27
14
=
=
=
%
PT
150 10
3
3
25. A person invested in all Rs. 2600 at 4%, 6% and 8% per annum simple interest. At the end of the year,
he got the same interest in all three cases. The money invested at 4% is:
A. Rs.2200
B. Rs.800
C. Rs.1600
D. Rs.1200
x41
100
y 6 1
100
z 8 1
100
4x = 6y = 8z
2x = 3y = 4z
Hence, we have, y =
2x
2x x
and z =
=
3
4
2
2x x
+ = 2600
3
2
6x + 4x + 3x = 2600 6
13x = 2600 6
x=
2600 6
= 200 6 = 1200
13
26. David invested certain amount in three different schemes A, B and C with the rate of interest 10%
p.a., 12% p.a. and 15% p.a. respectively. If the total interest accrued in one year was Rs. 3200 and the
amount invested in Scheme C was 150% of the amount invested in Scheme A and 240% of the amount
invested in Scheme B, what was the amount invested in Scheme B?
A. Rs.5000
B. Rs.2000
C. Rs.6000
D. Rs.3000
x 10 1
y 12 1
z 15 1
+
+
= 3200
100
100
100
10x + 12y + 15z = 320000 (1)
Amount invested in Scheme C was 240% of the amount
invested in Scheme B
=> z =
150x 3x
=
100
2
2z 2 12y 8y
=> x =
=
=
(3)
3
3
5
5
=> z =
8y
12y
) + 12y + 15 (
) = 320000
5
5
16y + 12y + 36y = 320000
64y = 320000
320000 10000
y=
=
= 5000
64
2
10 (
27. A sum of Rs. 1550 was lent partly at 5% and partly at 8% p.a. simple interest. The total interest
received after 3 years was Rs. 300. The ratio of the money lent at 5% to that lent at 8% is:
A. 16 : 15
B. 15 : 16
C. 15 : 8
D. 8 : 15
x 5 3
100
(1550-x) 8 3
100
= 300
(1550-x) 8
x 5
+
= 100
100
100
5x + 8(1550 x) = 10000
5x + 12400 8x = 10000
3x = 2400
x = 800
Required Ratio = x : (1550-x) = 800 : (1550-800) = 800 : 750 =
16 : 15
28. A sum of money doubles in 12 years. In how many years, it will treble at S.I.
A. 12 years
B. 8 years
C. 6 years
D. 24 years
Simple Interest, SI =
PRT
100
x
12
=
2x
n
1 12
=
2
n
n = 24 years
i.e, in 24 years, the money will treble.
29. A man invests a certain sum of money at 6% per annum simple interest and another sum at 7% per
annum simple interest. His income from interest after 2 years was Rs. 354. One-forth of the first sum is
equal to one-fifth of the second sum. The total sum invested was :
A. Rs.3100
B. Rs.2700
C. Rs.2200
D. Rs.1800
x 6 2
100
y 7 2
100
= 354
x 6 2 + y 7 2 = 354 100
x 6 + y 7 = 177 100
6x + 7y = 17700
(1)
x y
=
4 5
4y
=> x =
5
=>
(2)
6x + 7y = 17700
6(
4y
) + 7y = 17700
5
4y 4 1500
=
= 4 300 = 1200
5
5
30. The interest on a certain deposit at 5% per annum is Rs. 101.20 in one year. How much will the
additional interest in one year be on the same deposit at 6% per annum?
A. Rs.20.8
B. Rs.19.74
C. Rs.20.24
D. Rs.19.5
Explanation :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
100 SI
100 101.20
=
= 20 101.20 = Rs. 2024
RT
51
2024 6 1
Simple Interest for Rs.2024 at 6% per annum for 1 year, SI =
= 121.44
100
Principal, P =
Principal, P =
100 SI
100 101.20
=
= 20 101.20 = Rs. 2024
RT
51
Hence, Additional Interest = Simple Interest for Rs.2024 at 1% per annum for 1 year
2024 1 1
=
= 20.24
100
31. A sum was put a simple interest at a certain rate for 2 years. Had it been put at 4% higher rate, it
would have fetched Rs. 60 more. The sum is:
A. Rs.750
B. Rs.700
C. Rs.820
D. Rs.940
x (R+4) 2
100
x 4 2
100
x 2
= 15
100
x R 2
100
= 60
= 60
2x = 1500
x = 750
32. The simple interest at x% for x years will be Rs. x on a sum of:
A. Rs. x
C.
100
x
Rs.
B. Rs. x2
D.
P=
100 SI
100 x
100
=
=
RT
xx
x
Rs.
100
x2
33. A sum of money becomes 75 of itself in 4 years at a certain rate of simple interest. The rate per
annum is :
A. 9%
B. 10%
C. 11%
D. 12%
7x
5
T = 4 years
R=?
7x
x) =
5
2x
100
100 SI
5
R=
=
=
PT
x4
Simple Interest, SI = (
2x
5
40
= 10%
4
34. If the simple interest on Rs. 2000 is less than the Simple Interest on Rs. 3000 at 5% by Rs. 50, find
the time.
A. 2.5 year
B. 1 year
C. 1.5 year
D. 2 year
3000 5 T
100
(3000 2000)
5T
= 50
100
1000
2000 5 T
100
= 50
5T
= 50
100
50T = 50
T = 1 year
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Difference in principal = 3000-2000 = 1000
i.e., Simple Interest on Rs.1000 will be Rs.50
1000 5 T
100
50T = 50
T = 1 year
= 50
35. A sum of Rs. 7700 is to be divided among three brothers Vikas, Vijay and Viraj in such a way that
simple interest on each part at 5% per annum after 1, 2 and 3 years respectively remains equal. The
Share of Vikas is more than that of Viraj by
A. Rs.1200
B. Rs.1400
C. Rs.2200
D. Rs.2800
x51
100
y 5 2
100
z 5 3
100
5x = 10y = 15z
x = 2y = 3z
y=
x
x
and z =
2
3
x + y + z = 7700
x+
--- (1)
x x
+ = 7700 ( substituted the values of y and z from from equation 1)
2 3
11x
= 7700
6
x
= 7000
6
x = 4200
z=
x 4200
=
= 1400
3
3
and
time
periods
are
T 1,
T 2,
...
1
1
1
:
:
R 1 T 1 R2 T 2
RnT n
[Read more ...]
T 1 = 1 , T 2 = 2, T 3 = 3
R1 = 5 , R2 = 5, R3 = 5
Share of Vikas : Share of Vijay : Share of Viraj
1
1
1
:
:
51 52 53
1 1 1
= : :
1 2 3
= 6 :3 :2
6
= 700 6 = 4200
11
2
Share of Viraj = 7700
= 700 2 = 1400
11
36. The simple interest on Rs.500 at 6% per annum from May 3rdto July 15th in the same year is
A. Rs. 8
B. Rs. 6
C. Rs. 4
D. Rs. 9
= 73 days=
73
1
years =
years
365
5
Simple interest =
PRT
=
100
500 6
100
1
5
=6
37. Find the Simple Interest on Rs. 7500 at 11% for 2 Years and 5 months.
A. Rs.1994.25
B. Rs.1991.25
C. Rs.1992.75
D. Rs.1993.75
PRT
=
100
7500 11
100
29
12
29
year
12
= 75 11
29
= 1993.75
12
38. Arun borrowed a sum for 4 years on S.I. at 12%. The total interest paid was Rs. 360. Find the
Principal.
A. Rs.700
B. Rs.650
C. Rs.800
D. Rs.750
P=
100 SI
100 360
100 30
=
=
= 25 30 = 750
RT
12 4
4
39. The simple interest on Rs. 1820 from March 9, 2003 to May 21, 2003 at 7 12% rate is
A. Rs. 27.30
B. Rs. 22.50
C. Rs. 28.80
D. Rs. 29
PRT
2
5
SI =
=
100
100
73
1
year =
year
365
5
Rate, R = 7
1820
100
3
2
910 3
2730
=
= 27.30
100
100
40. At what rate percent of simple interest will a sum of money double itself in 20 years?
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 6%
D. 8%
R=
100 SI
100 x
100
=
=
= 5%
PT
x 20
20
41. If the simple interest on a certain sum of money for 4 years is onefifth of the sum, then the rate of
interest per annum is
A. 4%
B. 7%
C. 6%
D. 5%
100 SI
=
PT
100
x4
x
5
20
= 5%
4
42. A certain sum in invested for T years. It amounts to Rs. 400 at 10% per annum. But when invested at
4% per annum, it amounts to Rs. 200. Find the time (T).
A. 45 years
B. 60 years
C. 40 years
D. 50 Years
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
(400 x) =
x 10 y
100
(400 x) =
xy
10
--- (equation 1)
Simple Interest =
PRT
100
(200 x) =
x4y
100
(200 x) =
xy
25
--- (equation 2)
xy
)
10
(equation 1)
400 x
=
200 x
(equation 2)
xy
( )
25
400 x
25
=
200 x
10
400 x
5
=
200 x
2
800 2x = 1000 5x
200 = 3x
x=
200
3
200
)y
3
200
)=
Substituting this value of x in Equation 1, we get, (400
3
10
(
(400
200
20y
)=
3
3
1000
= 50 years
20
------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
P=
P2 R1 P 1 R2
R1 R2
T=
P1 P2
100 years
P2 R1 P 1 R2
P1 P2
400 200
100 =
P 2R 1 P 1 R 2
200 10 400 4
200
1
=
100 = 100 = 50 years
400
2
T=
100 =
200
100
2000 1600
43. A sum of money is lent at S.I. for 6 years. If the same amount is paid at 4% higher, Arun would have
got Rs. 120 more. Find the principal
A. Rs. 200
B. Rs. 600
C. Rs. 400
D. Rs. 500
P=
100 SI
100 120
100 30
=
=
= 100 5 = 500
RT
46
6
44. Mr. Mani invested an amount of Rs. 12000 at the simple interest rate of 10% per annum and another
amount at the simple interest rate of 20% per annum. The total interest earned at the end of one year on
the total amount invested became 14% per annum. Find the total amount invested.
A. Rs. 25000
B. Rs. 15000
C. Rs. 10000
D. Rs. 20000
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------Let his investments be Rs.12000 and Rs.x
Rs. 12000 is invested at the simple interest rate of 10% per
annum for 1 year
Simple Interest =
PRT
12000 10 1
=
= Rs. 1200
100
100
Simple Interest =
PRT
x 20 1
=
100
100
(1200 +
= Rs.
x
5
x
)
5
x
) is the simple interest for Rs.(12000 + x) at 14% per annum for 1 year
5
(12000 + x) 14 1
x
)=
5
100
P1 R1 + P 2 R2
P1 + P2
R=
14 =
12000 10 + P 2 20
12000 + P 2
45. A lent Rs. 4000 to B for 2 years and Rs. 2000 to C for 4 years on simple interest at the same rate of
interest and received Rs. 2200 in all from both of them as interest. The rate of interest per annum is :
A. 14%
B. 15%
C. 12%
D. 13.75%
4000 R 2
100
2000 R 4
100
55
= 13.75%
4
= 2200
+ 22 11 62 - 10
( Brackets first)
+ 22 11 36 - 10
( exponents)
+ 2 36 - 10 = 12 + 72 - 10
( division and multiplication, left to right)
- 10 = 74
( Addition and Subtraction, left to right)
b. 4 + 10 - 3 6 / 3 + 4
= 4 + 10 - 18/3 + 4 = 4 + 10 - 6 + 4
( division and multiplication, left to right)
= 14 - 6 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12
( Addition and Subtraction, left to right)
2.
|x| = {
x
x
if x 0
if x < 0
1. The price of 80 apples is equal to that of 120 oranges. The price of 60 apples and 75 oranges together is Rs.1320. The total price of 25 apples and 40 oranges is
A. Rs. 660
B. Rs. 620
C. Rs. 820
D. Rs. 780
2a
-----(Equation 1)
3
b=
5(2a)
= 88 ( Substituted the value of b from equation 1)
3
4a +
b=
2a 2 12
=
=8
3
3
Total price of 25 apples and 40 oranges = 25a + 40b = (25 12) + (40 8) = 300 + 320 = 620
2. The price of 24 apples is equal to that of 28 oranges. The price of 45 apples and 60 oranges together is Rs.1350. The total price of 30 apples and 40 oranges is
A. Rs.920
B. Rs.940
C. Rs.880
D. Rs.900
b=
6a
-----(Equation 1)
7
3a +
a+
4(6a)
= 90 ( Substituted the value of b from equation 1)
7
4(2a)
= 30
7
=> 7a + 8a = 30 7 = 210
=> 15a = 210
a=
b=
210 42
=
= 14
15
3
6a 6 14
=
= 6 2 = 12
7
7
Total price
Price of 45
Price of 15
Price of 30
of 30 apples and 40 oranges= 30a + 45b = (30 14) + (40 12) = 420 + 480 = 900-----------------------------------------------------------------------------apples and 60 oranges = Rs.1350
apples and 20 oranges = Rs.1350/3 = Rs.450 ( Divided LHS and RHS by 15)
apples and 40 oranges = Rs.450 2 = Rs.900 ( Multiplied LHS and RHS by 2)
3. There are two buildings P and Q. If 15 persons are sent from P to Q, then the number of persons in each building is the same. If 20 persons are sent from Q to P, then the
number of persons in P is double the number of persons in Q. How many persons are there in building P?
A. 80
B. 140
C. 120
D. 90
4. The price of 3 tables and 4 chairs is Rs. 3300. With the same money one can buy 2 tables and 10 chairs. If one wants to buy 1 table and 1 chair, how much does he need
to pay?
A. Rs.940
B. Rs.1050
C. Rs.1040
D. Rs.950
5. There are 6 working days in a regular week and for each day, the working hours are 10. A man earns Rs. 2.10 per hour for regular work and Rs. 4.20 per hour for overtime. If
he earns Rs.525 in 4 weeks, how many hours did he work?
A. 245
B. 285
C. 275
D. 255
6. A man has some hens and cows. If the number of heads be 48 and the number of feet equals 140, then the number of hens will be
A. 22
B. 24
C. 26
D. 20
7. A sum of Rs.2200 has been divided among A, B and C such that A gets 1/4 of what B gets and B gets 1/5 of what C gets. What is B's share?
A. Rs.341
B. Rs.364
C. Rs.372
D. Rs.352
x
5
A's share =
x 1
x
=
5 4 20
Hence, x +
x
x
+
= 2200
5 20
x (1 +
x(
1
1
) = 2200
+
5 20
25
) = 2200
20
5
x ( ) = 2200
4
x=
2200 4
= 440 4 = Rs.1760
5
B's share =
x 1760
=
= Rs.352
5
5
8. A fires 5 shots to B's 3 but A kills only once in 3 shots while B kills once in 2 shots. When B has missed 27 times, A has killed:
A. 30 birds
B. 22 birds
C. 18 birds
D. 38 birds
| Discuss
Shots fired by A =
5x
8
Shots fired by B =
3x
8
Killing shots by A =
Missing shots by B =
5x 1 5x
=
8
3 24
3x 1 3x
=
8
2 16
3x
= 27
16
27 16
= 144
3
5x 5 144
5 12
=
=
= 30
24
24
2
B. 40
C. 20
D. 50
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
[Read more ...]
(p - q)2 = p2 - 2pq + q2
(p - q)2 = (p2 + q2)- 2pq
62 = 116 - 2pq
36 = 116 - 2pq
2pq = 80
pq = 40
10. To fill a tank, 25 buckets of water is required. How many buckets of water will be required to fill the same tank if the capacity of the bucket is reduced to two-fifth of its
present?
A. 63
B. 64.5
C. 62.5
D. 60.5
Capacity
1 25 =
1:
2
} :: x : 25
5
2
x
5
2x
5
25 5
x=
= 62.5
2
25 =
25x
2x
( )
5
25 5
= 62.5
2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Solution 3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Or more simply, you can assume as capacity of 1 bucket = 1
Then, capacity of the tank = 25
New capacity of the bucket = 2/5
25
2
( )
5
= 62.5
11. John gets on the elevator at the 14th floor of a building and rides up at the rate of 84 floors per minute. At the same time, Vinod gets on an elevator at the 58th floor of
the same building and rides down at the rate of 92 floors per minute. If they continue travelling at these rates, then at which floor will their paths cross?
A. 38
B. 36
C. 32
D. 35
x=
44
1
=
176 4
1
1
minute = 84 = 21
4
4
12. A man has Rs. 312 in the denominations of one-rupee notes, five-rupee notes and twenty-rupee notes. The number of notes of each denomination is equal. What is the
total number of notes that he has ?
A. 36
B. 24
C. 28
D. 32
Explanation :
Let the number of notes of each denomination be x
Then, x + 5x + 20x = 312
=> 26x = 312
=> x = 312/26 = 12
the total number of notes that he has = 3x = 3 12 = 36
13. Free notebooks were distributed equally among children of a class. The number of notebooks each child got was one-eighth of the number of children. Had the number of
children been half, each child would have got 16 notebooks. Total how many notebooks were distributed?
A. 602
B. 528
C. 423
D. 512
n
n2
=
8
8
If the number children = n/2, number of books each child will get = 16
n
16 = 8n
2
n2
Since total books are same, we can write as
= 8n
8
n
=8
8
n = 64
Total number of notebooks those were distributed =
n2
64 64
=
= 64 8 = 512
8
8
children
n:
n
n
} :: 16 :
2
8
n
n
= 16
8
2
n
16
=
=8
8
2
n = 8 8 = 64
n
64 64
=
= 64 8 = 512
8
8
14. Eight people are planning to share equally the cost of a rental car. If one person withdraws from the arrangement and the others share equally the entire cost of the car,
then the share of each of the remaining persons increased by:
2
5
2
C.
7
A.
1
8
1
D.
7
B.
x
8
When 1 person withdraws and other 7 persons share equally, share of one person =
Increase in the share =
x x
x
=
7 8 56
x
)
56
Required fraction =
x
( )
8
(
1
7
15.
x
7
A. 4
B. 33
C. 6
D. 1
=?
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
2
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
=
=
(a + b)2 (a b) 2
ab
a2 + 2ab + b2 (a 2 2ab + b2 )
ab
4ab
=4
4
16. One-third of Rahul's savings in National Savings Certificate is equal to one-half of his savings in Public Provident Fund. If he has Rs. 1,80,000 as total savings, how much
has he saved in Public Provident Fund?
A. Rs. 72000
B. Rs. 44000
C. Rs. 58000
D. Rs. 92000
1
1
x = (180000 x)
3
2
2x = 3(180000 x)
2x = 540000 3x
5x = 540000
x=
540000
= 108000
5
17. 8 / 4 / 2 = ?
A. 4
B. 1
C. 0
D. 2
18. 20 + 20 2 = ?
A. 40
B. 50
C. 60
D. 70
19. 25 / 5 5 = ?
A. 25
B. 15
C. 20
D. 30
20. 5 5 / 5 = ?
A. 5
B. 1
C. 10
D. 25
B. 4a
C. a
D. -2a
1
1
1
+3 +4 = ?
3
2
4
1
1
B. 10
A. 10
6
12
1
1
C. 10
D. 10
4
2
22.
1
1
1
+3 +4
3
2
4
7 7 17
+ +
3 2
4
(28 + 42 + 51)
12
121
12
= 10
1
12
B. 0
C. 14
D. 12
24.
4+
1
4+
=?
1
4+
24
305
72
C.
305
1
4
1
64
81
D.
320
A.
B.
1
4+
1
4+
=
1
1
4+
4
1
4+
4+
1
17
( )
4
1
4+
1
4+
4
17
1
1
4+
72
( )
17
1
1
=
17
305
4+
(
)
72
72
72
305
25. If the number of boys in a class are 8 times the number of girls, which value can never be the total number of students?
A. 27
B. 45
C. 81
D. 42
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Let the number of girls = x and the number of boys = 8x
Then, total number of students = x + 8x = 9x
i.e., the total number of students must be a multiple of 9
From the given choices, 42 cannot be a multiple of 9.
Hence, 42 cannot be the total number of students.
26.
What fraction of
A.
5
4
C.
1
4
3
1
needs to be added to itself to become 2
5
4
3
B. 2
4
3
D.
4
3
9 3 (45 12)
33
x= =
=
5
4 5
20
20
x=
33 5 11
3
=
=2
20 3
4
4
27. An organization decided to raise Rs. 6 lakh by collecting equal contribution from each of its employees. If each of them had contributed Rs. 60 extra, the contribution would
have been Rs. 6.24 lakh. How many employees are there in that organization?
A. 400
B. 300
C. 200
D. 100
28. In a group of ducks and cows, the total number of legs are 28 more than twice the number of heads. Find the total number of cows.
A. 14
B. 12
C. 16
D. 8
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
[Read more ...]
=> (a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
=> 62 = 116 - 2ab
=> 36 = 116 - 2ab
=> 2ab = 116 - 36 = 80
=> ab = 40
30. A room has equal number of men and women. Eight women left the room, leaving twice as many men as women in the room . What was the total number of men and
women present in the room initially?
A. 32
B. 34
C. 28
D. 30
Page 1
Page 2
31. From a group of boys and girls, 15 girls leave. They are then left 2 boys for each girl. After this, 45
boys leave. There are then 5 girls for each boy. Find the number of girls in the beginning
A. 40
B. 20
C. 32
D. 60
Hence, 2(5x) = x + 45
=> 10x = x + 45
=> x = 5
Number of girls in the beginning = (5x + 15) = (55 + 15) = 40
32. How many pieces of 85 cm length can be cut from a rod of 42.5 meters long?
A. 15
B. 20
C. 2
D. 50
Number of pieces =
4250 850
=
= 50
85
17
33. In a garden, there are 10 rows and 12 columns of mango trees. The distance between the two trees is
2 metres and a distance of one metre is left from all sides of the boundary of the garden. What is the
length of the garden?
A. 30 m
B. 28 m
C. 26 m
D. 24 m
34. In a garden, 26 trees are planted at equal distances along a yard 300 metres long, one tree being at
each end of the yard. What is the distance between two consecutive trees?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 14
D. 12
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
26 trees have 25 gaps between them.
Length of each gap = 300/25 = 12
i.e., distance between two consecutive trees = 12
35. A boy was asked to multiply a number by 22. He instead multiplied the number by 44 and got the
answer 308 more than the correct answer. What was the number to be multiplied?
A. 16
B. 10
C. 14
D. 12
36. In an examination, a student scores 4 marks for every correct answer and loses 1 mark for every
wrong answer. If he attempts all 80 questions and secures 120 marks, How many questions does he
answer correctly?
A. 30
B. 60
C. 50
D. 40
Page 1
Page 2
If a2 = b,
b= a
Examples
4=2
22 = 4 and
52 = 25 and
25 = 5
2. Cube Root
If a3 = b,
3 b = a
Examples
23 = 8 and
53 = 125 and
3 8 = 2
3
125 = 5
3. Im portant Properties
1.
2.
m
n =
mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
a. a. a n times = a 2
4.
a
= a
a. a.
5.
if
a
= p, then p(p 1) = a
a + a +
x
648
1. If
= x , find the value of x.
512
A. 24
B. 12
C. 48
D. 36
x
648
= x
512
x = 2 2 2 8 9 = 2 4 3 = 24
2.
5.4756 = ?
A. 2.24
B. 1.24
C. 1.34
D. 2.34
5.4756 = 2.34
3.
A. 21.66
B. 13.41
C. 22.35
D. 44.7
3 5 + 125 = 17.88
3 5 +
25
5 = 17.88
3 5 + 5 5 = 17.88
8 5 = 17.88
5=
17.88
= 2.235
8
80 + 16 5 =
16
5 + 16 5
= 4 5 + 16 5 = 20 5 = 20 2.235 = 44.7
B. 0.9
C. 0.21
D. 0.11
(0.000729)
1/3
=(
729
106
1/3
9
102
9
= .09
100
5. What is the least perfect square which is divisible by each of 21, 36 and 66?
A. 213444
B. 214434
C. 214344
D. 231444
2772 = 2 2 3 3 7 11
ie, to make it a perfect square, we have to multiply it by 7 and 11
Hence, required number = 2772 7 11 = 213444
144
11
15
is equal to:
6.
11
225 196
A. 0.85
B. 0.72
C. 2.8
D. 0.4
144
11
15
11
225 196
12 11 15
=
11 15 14
12
=
14
6
=
7
= 0.85
1
)
7. ( 7
7
36
A.
7
36
C.
7
simplifies to:
7
36
7
D.
36
B.
1
( 7
)
7
1
1
)
= ( 7 ) 2 7
+(
7
7
1
1 36
= 72+ = 5+ =
7
7
7
2
B. 121
C. 211
D. 229
16641 = 129
9.
0.0576
? = 0.24.
A. None of these
B. 10
C. 1
D. 0.1
0.0576 x = 0.24.
0.0576 x = (0.24) 2
0.0576 x = 0.0576
x=1
10.
0.000256
? = 1.6.
A. 0.1
B. 10
C. 10000
D. 1000
0.000256 x = 1.6
2
0.000256 x = (1.6)
0.000256 x = 2.56
2.56
2560000
x=
=
= 10000
0.000256
256
11. How many two-digit numbers satisfy this property : The last digit (units digit) of the square of the
two-digit number is 8 ?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. None of these
12.
A. 0.5834
B. 0.2917
C. 1.2917
D. 2.2917
| Discuss
4a 2 4a + 1 + 3a = (1) 2 2 1 2a + (2a ) 2
+ 3a = (1 2a) 2 + 3a
= 1 2a + 3a = 1 + a
= 1 + 0.2917 = 1.2917
13. A group of students decided to collect as many paise from each member of group as is the number of
members. If the total collection amounts to Rs. 98.01, the number of the member is the group is:
A. 101
B. 98
C. 99
D. 88
ie, n = 9801 = 99
i.e., number of members = 99
14.
7 10
+ 175
2
7
A. 7.22
B. 8.92
C. 6.72
D. 10.77
7 10
175
+
2
7
=
7 10
+ 7 25
2
7
7 10
+ 5 7
2
7
2
( 7) (2 10) + (5 7 2 7)
2 7
7 20 + 70
57
=
2 7
2 7
28.5
28.5
28500
=
=
= 10.77
2.645
2645
7
57
57
can be solved further in the below lines as well
2 7
57 7
14
2 7
2 7 7
57 2.645
150.765
=
=
= 10.77
14
14
15.
if x =
57 7
3+1
31
and y =
, what is the value of (x 2 + y 2 )
31
3+1
A. 15
B. 14
C. 13
D. 10
x=
( 3 + 1)
( 3 1)
( 3 + 1) ( 3 + 1)
( 3 1) ( 3 + 1)
( 3 1) ( 3 1)
31
y=
=
3+1
( 3 + 1) ( 3 1)
x 2 + y 2 = (2 + 3)
16.
+ (2 3)
( 3 + 1)
31
( 3 1)
31
3 + 2 3 + 1
2
3 2 3 + 1
2
4 2 3
= 2 3
2
= (4 + 4 3 + 3) + (4 4 3 + 3) = 2(4 + 3) = 14
A. 8
B. 9
C. 10
D. 12
(14 + 2
13 )(14 2
13 ) = (14) 2 (2
13 ) =
196 (4 13)
= 196 52 = 144 = 12
17.
248 + 64 =?
A. 21
B. 14
C. 12
D. 16
248 + 64 =
248
+ 8 = 256 = 16
9
18. 1
=?
16
1
A. 1
B. 1
6
1
C. 1
D. 1
2
4 + 2 3
= 2+ 3
2
1
3
1
4
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
9
25
1
25 5
1
=
= = = 1
16
16 16 4
4
19. 41 21 + 19 9
=?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
41 21 + 19 9 = 41 21 +
19
3 = 41 21 +
16
21
+ 4 = 41
25 =
41
5 =
36 = 6
= 41
12
=?
20. 4
125
3
A. 1
C.
2
5
4
D. 1
5
B.
3
5
512
2
222
12
22222222
8
3
3
3
3 4
=
=
=
= =1
125
125
555
5
5
5
21.
3
0.000064
=?
A. 0.2
B. 0.4
C. 0.1
D. 0.3
Explanation :
64
8
8
2
64
8
3
3
3
3
0.000064 =
=
=
=
= 3 =
= 0.2
6
3
1000 10
10
10
10
106
3
22. What is the smallest number by which 3600 be divided to make it a perfect cube?
A. 110
B. 210
C. 420
D. 450
B. 15
C. 5
D. 50
24.
0.289
0.00121
+ 9 =?
A. 18.45
B. 15.45
C. 12.45
D. 15
| Discuss
0.289
28900
170
28900
+ 9=
+3 =
+
3
=
+ 3 = 15.45 + 3 = 18.45
0.00121
121
11
121
25. A man plants 49284 apple trees in his garden and arranges them so that there are as many rows as
there are apples trees in each row. The number of rows is
A. 182
B. 202
C. 222
D. 122
26.
A. 32 - 23
B. 2 - 23
C. 22 - 3
D. 22 + 3
Difference = ( 18 + 3) ( 2 + 12 )
= ( 2 9 + 3) ( 2 + 3 4 )
= (3 2 + 3) ( 2 + 2 3)
= 3 2 + 3 2 2 3
= 2 2 3
27.
A. 14
B. 13
C. 12
D. 11
16 9 = 16 + 9 16 9
= 25 16 9
= 25 (
16 9)
= 25 (4 3)
= 25 12 = 13
1
11
9
10 +
99
1
28.
+
=
1
1
?
2
+
9 11
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
1
1
9 11
1
1
. 9 +
11
.
10 + 99
1
]=
+[
x
2
11 9
10 +
99
1
]+ [
]=
[
x
2
11 + 9
( 11 9) ( 11 9 )
[
( 11 + 9) ( 11 9 )
( 11 9)
11 9
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
x
2
10 + 99
1
]=
+[
x
2
11 2 11 9 + 9
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
[
2
x
2
20 2 99
10 + 99
1
]+ [
]=
[
2
x
2
10 +
99
1
]=
(10 99 ) + [
x
2
(10 99 ) (10 + 99 )
x
(100 99)
1
=
x
2
1 1
=
x 2
1
2
x=2
29.
A. 25 + 23
B. 5 + 3
C. 2 + 6
D. 22 + 26
Explanation :
8 + 2
15 = 5 + 3 + 2 5 3
= ( 5) 2 + ( 3)2 + (2 5 3)
= ( 5 + 3)
2
(8
15 ) = ( 5 + 3) = 5 + 3
+
2
Hence,
30.
1
( 9 8)
1
( 8 7)
1
( 7 6)
1
( 6 5)
A. 1.5
B. .25
C. 0.5
D. 5
1
( 5 4)
( 9 + 8)
1
=
( 9 8)
( 9 8)( 9 + 8)
( 9 + 8)
= 9+ 8
98
+
( 9 8)
( 8 7)
( 7 6)
( 6 5)
( 5 4)
= ( 9 + 8) ( 8 + 7) + ( 7 + 6) ( 6 + 5) + ( 5 + 4)
= 9+ 4= 3+2 = 5
=?
Let's consider an example . Assume that the face value of a company X is Rs.10 and it is now traded
at a premium of Rs.2. Then its market value now is (Rs.10 + Rs.2) = Rs.12.
Similarly, if the company X having face value of Rs.10 is now traded at a discount of Rs.2, it means
the market value of X now is (Rs.10 Rs.2) is Rs.8
7. Dividend
The annual profit of a company is distributed among its shareholders. The distributed profit is called the
dividend.
Dividends are declared annually, semi-annually and quarterly as per the company regulations.
Dividend on a share is normally expressed as a certain percentage of its face value. Sometimes, it is also
expressed as a certain amount per share.
8. Brokerage
As we have seen earlier, stocks of different companies can be traded (bought or sold) in the market
through brokers at stock exchanges. The brokers charge is called brokerage
Brokerage is added to the cost price when the stock is purchased.
Brokerage is subtracted from the selling price when the stock is sold
Number of shares held by a person
9.
Total Income
Income from one share
10. What does the statem ent "Rs.100 , 8% stock at Rs.110" m ean?
It means,
The face value of the stock = Rs.100
Market value (MV) of the stock = Rs.110
Annual dividend per share = 8% of the face value =
100 8
= Rs.8
100
8 100
= 7.27%
110
Please note that generally investors invest in shares not merely because of this annual return. They
also will have a capital gain if the market value the share goes higher.
1. A man buys Rs. 20 shares paying 9% dividend. The man wants to have an interest of 12% on his
money. What is the market value of each share?
A. Rs.12
B. Rs.18
C. Rs.15
D. Rs.21
9 20
9
=
100
5
12
9
=
100 5
9 100
= 15
5
12
2. A man invested Rs.1552 in a stock at 97 to obtain an income of Rs.128. What is the dividend from the
stock?
A. None of these
B. 9.7%
C. 7.5%
D. 8%
128 97
=8
1552
ie, dividend = 8%
B. Rs. 96.2
C. Rs. 97.25
D. Rs. 97.5
1
% is
5
1
= 96.2
5
4. In order to obtain an income of Rs. 650 from 10% stock at Rs. 96, one must make an investment of
A. Rs. 3100
B. Rs. 6500
C. Rs. 6240
D. Rs. 9600
5. By investing in
16
96
650 = 6240
10
2
% stock at 64, one earns Rs. 1500. The investment made is
3
A. Rs. 9600
B. Rs. 7500
C. Rs. 5640
D. Rs. 5760
16
2
50
% of the face value =
3
3
ie, to earn
50
, investment = Rs.64
3
64 3 1500
= 5760
50
6. A man invested Rs. 4940 in Rs. 10 shares quoted at Rs. 9.50. If the rate of dividend be 14%, his annual
income is
A. Rs.728
B. Rs.648
C. Rs.720
D. Rs.622
(10 14)
= Rs. 1.4
100
7. A man invests some money partly in 12% stock at 105 and partly in 8% stock at 88. To obtain equal
dividends from both, he must invest the money in the ratio:
A. 31 : 44
B. 31 : 27
C. 16 : 15
D. 35 : 44
P
Q
12 =
8
105
88
P
8 105
105
35
35
=
=
=
=
Q 88 12
11 12
11 4
44
P:Q = 35:44
B. 15.5%
C. 14%
D. 14.25%
12
1
% The rate of interest
2
Dividend = 12
1
25
%=
%
2
2
60 25
= Rs. 7.5
2 100
Interest obtained =
40 7.5 100
= 13.64%
40 55
9. By investing Rs. 1800 in 9% stock, Syam earns Rs. 120. The stock is then quoted at
A. Rs.135
B. Rs. 96
C. Rs. 85
D. Rs. 122
1800 9
= Rs.135
120
10. The market value of a 10.5% stock, in which an income of Rs. 756 is derived by investing Rs. 9000,
brokerage being 14 %, is:
A. Rs. 124.75
B. Rs. 108.25
C. Rs. 125.25
D. Rs. 112.20
Explanation :
Assume that face value = Rs.100
Dividend per share = Rs.10.5 (as it is 10.5% stock)
By investing Rs.9000, earnings = Rs.756
9000 10.5
= Rs.125
756
B. Rs. 83.33
C. Rs. 120
D. Rs. 175
100 14
= Rs.175
8
3
% stock at 120
4
3
% stock at 120?
4
143 120
= 120
143
143 120
= 143
120
Hence, 9
3
% stock at 120 is better
4
13. Sakshi invests a part of Rs. 12,000 in 12% stock at Rs. 120 and the remainder in 15% stock at Rs.
125. If his total dividend per annum is Rs. 1360, how much does he invest in 12% stock at Rs. 120?
A. Rs. 6000
B. Rs. 4500
C. Rs. 5500
D. Rs. 4000
x 12
120
(12000 x) 15
125
(12000 x) 15
x 12
+
120
125
(12000 x) 3
x
+
10
25
= 1360
= 1360
5x + 6(12000 x) = 1360 50
5x + 72000 6x = 68000
x = 4000
14. Rs. 9800 are invested partly in 9% stock at 75 and 10% stock at 80 to have equal amount of incomes.
The investment in 9% stock is:
A. Rs. 4800
B. Rs. 5400
C. Rs. 5000
D. Rs. 5600
x9
75
(9800 x) 10
80
(9800 x) 10
x9
=
75
80
(9800 x)
x3
=
25
8
24x = 25 9800 25x
49x = 25 9800
x=
25 9800
= 25 200 = 5000
49
15. A 6% stock yields 8%. The market value of the stock is:
A. Rs. 133.33
B. Rs. 96
C. Rs. 75
D. Rs. 48
100 6
100 3
=
= 25 3 = 75
8
4
16. 12500 shares, of par value Rs. 20 each, are purchased from Ram by Mohan at a price of Rs. 25 each.
Find the amount required to purchase the shares.
A. 312500
B. 311500
C. 313500
D. 314500
17. 12500 shares, of par value Rs. 20 each, are purchased from Ram by Mohan at a price of Rs. 25 each.
If Mohan further sells the shares at a premium of Rs. 11 each, find his gain in the transaction.
A. Rs. 75000
B. Rs. 70000
C. Rs. 85000
D. Rs. 65000
18. Find the annual dividend received by Nishita from 1200 preferred shares and 3000 common shares both
of par value Rs. 50 each if the dividend paid on preferred shares is 10% and semi-annual dividend of 3 %
is declared on common shares.
A. Rs. 18500
B. Rs. 16500
C. Rs. 14500
D. Rs. 19500
50 10
= Rs.5
100
50 7
7
= Rs.
2 100
4
7
3000 = Rs.5250
4
19. A man invested Rs. 26000 in 5% stock at 104. He sold the stock when the price rose to Rs. 120 and
invested the sale proceeds in 6% stock. By doing this his income increased by Rs. 2500. At what price did
he purchase the second stock?
A. Rs. 125
B. Rs. 48
C. Rs. 24
D. None of these
30000 6
= Rs.48
3750
20. Anu invested Rs. 32400 in 8% stock at 90. She sold out Rs. 18000 stock when the price rose to Rs 95
and the remaining stock at Rs.98. She invested the total sale proceeds in 10% stock at 96. Find the
change in income of Anu.
A. Rs.2220
B. Rs.120
C. Rs.2720
D. Rs.720
32400 100
= Rs.36000
90
18000 95
= Rs.17100
100
18000 98
= Rs.17640
100
34740
= 360
193
(
)
2
Number of shares =
21. A man bought 20 shares of Rs. 50 at 5 discount, the rate of dividend being
obtained is
A. 12.5%
B. 15%
C. 15.5%
D. 17%
Dividend = 13
1
27
%=
%
2
2
50 27
= Rs. 6.75
2 100
Interest obtained =
20 6.75 100
= 15%
20 45
22. Find the income on 7 % stock of Rs. 2000 purchased at Rs. 80.
A. Rs.6
B. Rs.160
C. Rs.148
D. Rs.150
13
1
% The rate of interest
2
Dividend is 7
Dividend =
1
15
%=
% of the face value
2
2
2000 15
= Rs.150
2 100
23. John buys 100 shares of par value Rs. 5 each, of a company, which pays an annual dividend of 12% at
such a price that he gets 10% on his investment. Find the market value of a share.
A. Rs.6
B. Rs.12
C. Rs.4
D. Rs.8
12
= Rs.60
100
10
= 60
100
x = 600
ie, Market value of 100 shares = Rs.600
Hence, Market value of each share = Rs.6
24. A man invested Rs. 5050 in 5% stock at 99 and sold it when the price rose to Rs. 101. He invested the
sale proceeds in 8% stock at 88. Find the change in man's income if the Brokerage is Rs. 2.
A. 0
B. Rs.160
C. Rs.180
D. Rs.190
Answer : Option D
Explanation :
Purchase price of the first stock = Rs.99 + Rs.2 = Rs.101
Number of stocks purchased in this case = 5050/101 = 50
Since the face value is not given, it can be taken as Rs.100. So, dividend per
share = Rs.5
Income = 50 5 = Rs.250
Sale Price of the stock = 101-2 = 99
Amount received by selling the stock = 50 99 = 4950
Then he invests this Rs.4950 in 8% stock at 88
Purchase price of this stock = 88+2 = 90
Number of stocks purchased in this case = 4950/90 = 55
Since the face value is not given, it can be taken as Rs.100. So, dividend per
share = Rs.8
Income = 55 8 = Rs.440
Change in income = 440-250 = Rs.190
25. To produce an annual income of Rs. 800 from a 8% stock at 90, the amount of stock needed is:
A. Rs.10000
B. Rs.14400
C. Rs.10800
D. Rs.16000
100 800
= 10000
8
26. A man sells 4000 common shares of a Company x (each of par value Rs. 10), which pays a dividend of
40% at Rs. 30 per share. He invests the sale proceeds in ordinary shares of Company Y (each of par value
Rs. 25) that pays a dividend of 15%. If the market value of Company Y is Rs. 15, find the number of
shares of Company Y purchased by the man
A. 8000
B. 12000
C. 16000
D. None of these
4000 30
= 8000
15
27. A company issued 20000 shares of par value Rs. 10 each. If the total divided declared by the company
is Rs.24000, find the rate of dividend paid by the company.
A. 12%
B. 12.5%
C. 14%
D. 14.5%
R
where R is the rate of interest
100
R
100
20000 10
R=
R
= 24000
100
24000
= 12
2000
28. A company declared a semi-annual dividend of 12%. Find the annual dividend of Sam owing 2000
shares of the company having a par value of Rs. 10 each.
A. Rs.4800
B. Rs.2400
C. Rs.3600
D. None of these
semi-annual dividend =
10 12
= Rs.1.2
100
29. A company has issued 500 preferred shares and 400 common shares both of par value Rs. 100 each.
The dividend on a preferred share and a common share is 8% and 12%, respectively. The company had a
total profit of 150000 rupees out of which some amount was kept in reverse fund and the remaining
disturbed as dividend. Find the amount kept in reserve fund.
A. Rs.141200
B. Rs.160000
C. Rs.7200
D. Rs.182200
100 8
100
500 100 8
= Rs.4000
100
100 12
100
400 100 12
100
= Rs.4800
30. Arun invested Rs. 333000 in 5 % stocks at 110 .If brokerage is Rs.1, what is his annual income from
his investment.
A. Rs.16500
B. Rs.12500
C. Rs.16000
D. Rs.18000
11
= Rs.16500
2
B. Rs.66
C. Rs.90
D. Rs.88
Dividend (income)=
1200 8
= Rs.96
100
1.
a(b + c) = ab + ac
2.
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3.
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
4.
(a + b) + (a b) = 2(a 2 + b2 )
5.
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3 = a 3 + 3ab(a + b) + b3
6.
(a b) = a 3 3a 2 b + 3a b b = a 3 3ab(a b) b
7.
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
8.
a 3 + b3 = (a + b)(a 2 ab + b2 )
9.
a 3 b3 = (a b)(a 2 + ab + b2 )
(Distributive Law)
10.
11.
(a + b + c) = a 2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
12.
(a + b)(a + c) = a 2 + (b + c)a + bc
1.
a n = a. a. a ... (n times)
2.
a m . a n . . . a p = a m+n+...+p
3.
a m . a n = a m+n
4.
am
= a mn
an
5.
(a m ) = amn = (a n )
6.
(ab) n = an bn
7.
a
( )
b
8.
a n =
9.
an =
an
bn
1
an
1
a n
10.
a 0 = 1 where a R, a 0
11.
q p
a p/q =
a
12.
13.
if a n = bn where n 0, then a = b
1.
(x + a ) = x 2 + 2ax + a 2
2.
(x a ) = x 2 2ax + a 2
3.
(x + a)(x + b) = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
4.
x 2 a 2 = (x a)(x + a)
5.
6.
7.
8.
(a + b)
= a n + na n1 b +
a n3 b3 + +
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
anr br + + bn
n
n
n
n
n
n
= ( ) a n + ( ) a n1 b + ( ) a n2 b2 + ( ) an3 b3 + + ( ) a nr br + + ( ) bn
0
1
2
3
r
n
n
n nr r
= ( )a b
r
r=0
n
where ( ) is known as Binomial Coefficient and is defined by
r
n
n!
( )=
r
(r!)(n r)!
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
r!
n
where r = 1,2,...,n and ( ) = 1
0
Binomial Coefficient also occurs in many other mathematical areas than algebra, especially in combinatorics where
( nr ) represents the number of combinations of n distinct things taking r at a time and is denoted by nCr or C(n,r).
The properties of binomial coefficients have led to extending its meaning beyond the basic case where n and r are
nonnegative integers with r n; such expressions are also called binomial coefficients.
(a + b) = 1
1
(a + b) = a + b
2
(a + b) = a 2 + 2ab + b2
3
(a + b) = a 3 + 3a 2 b + 3a b2 + b3
4
(a + b) = a 4 + 4a 3 b + 6 a2 b + 4a b + b
... and so on
(1 + x)
= 1 + nx +
n(n 1)
n(n 1)(n 2)
x2 +
2!
3!
x3 +
n
n
n
n
= ( ) x 0 + ( ) x 1 + ( ) x2 + ( ) x 3 +
0
1
2
3
n
= ( ) xr
r
r=0
n(n 1)(n 2) (n r + 1)
n
where ( ) =
r
r!
II.
n
where r 1 and ( ) = 1
0
Surds
Let
a be a rational number and n be a positive integer such that n a is irrational. Then n a is called a surd of order n.
Examples :
3 is a surd of order 2
7 is a surd of order 3
3
4 3 is a surd of order 2
Please note that numbers like
3
9 , 27 etc are not surds because they are not irrational numbers
Every surd is an irrational number. But every irrational number is not a surd. (eg :
are irrational numbers.)
ii.
Quadratic Surds
iii.
2, 3, (3 + 5), etc.
Rules of Surds
1.
2.
m n = mn
m
=
n
n
3.
1 n
a. a. a n times = a 2
4.
a. a. a = a
5.
if
1.
2.
a
= p, then p(p 1) = a
a + a +
a + b = ( a b)
a + b= c+ d
i.e., rational part on the left side = rational part on the right side.
and irrational part on the left side = irrational part on the right side.
3.
III.
a + b= d ,
A quadratic equation can be written as (general form or standard form of quadratic equation)
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
Example :
x 2 + 5x + 6 = 0
a0
There are many methods to solve Quadratic equations. Quadratic equations can be solved by factoring, completing the
square, graphing, Newton's method, and using the quadratic formula. We can go through some of the popular methods for
solving quadratic equations here.
1.
Factoring is one of the fastest ways for solving quadratic equations. The concept will be clear from the following
examples.
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
Step 2 : Factor the left side of the equation.
We know that
Assume
x 2 + (a + b)x + ab = (x + a)(x + b)
x 2 + 3x 10 = x 2 + (a + b)x + ab
x 2 + 3x 10 = (x + 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x + 5)(x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x + 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x + 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = -5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = -5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = -5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
Hence,
x 2 7x + 10 = (x 5)(x 2)
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
(x 5)(x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 5) = 0 or (x - 2) = 0
=> x = 5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
are x = 5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = 5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3x 2 8 = 24x 2
2. We got product as 24x2 and have middle term as -14x. From this , it is clear that we can take -12x and -2x such
that their sum is -14x and product is 24x2
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
Hence,
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
= 3x
(x 4)(3x 2) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 5)(x - 2) = 0
=> (x - 4) = 0 or (3x - 2) = 0
=> x = 4 or
2
.
3
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
6x 2 12 = 72x 2
2. We got product as 72x2 and have middle term as -17x. From this , it is clear that we can take -8x and -9x such that
their sum is -17x and product is 72x2
Hence,
Hence,
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
(3x 4)(2x 3) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(3x - 4)(2x - 3) = 0
=> (3x - 4) = 0 or (2x - 3) = 0
=> x =
4
3
or
.
3
2
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 6x 17x + 12 = 0
3
2
x2 9 = 0
We know that
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
x 2 9 = x 2 32 = (x 3)(x + 3)
Hence,
x2 9 = 0
(x 3)(x + 3) = 0
Step 3 :Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(x - 3)(x + 3) = 0
=> x = 3 or -3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
are x = 3 and x = -3
(In other words, x = 3 and x = -3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0
25x 2 16 = 0
(5x 4)(5x + 4) = 0
Step 3 : Equate each factor to 0 and solve the equations
(5x - 4)(5x + 4) = 0
=>5x = 4 or -4
x=
4
4
.
or
5
5
25x 2 16 = 0
are x =
4
4
and x =
5
5
4
4
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 25x 16 = 0
5
5
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
+ 6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a2
+ 2ab + b2
a 2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)
where a = x and b = 3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = x 2 + 2 x 3 + 32 = (x + 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3) 2 = 0
Step 3 :
(x + 3) 2 = 0
=> x + 3 = 0
=> x = -3
Hence, the solution of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is x = -3
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
6x + 9
We know that
is in the form a
2ab + b2
a 2 2ab + b2 = (a b) 2
where a = x and b = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = x 2 2 x 3 + 32 = (x 3 )2
Hence,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
2
(x 3) = 0
Step 3 :
2
(x 3) = 0
=> x - 3 = 0
=> x = 3
Hence, the solution of the quadratic equation
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
2.
is x = 3
x 2 6x + 9 = 0
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
where
a0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
Example1 : Solve the Quadratic Equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 + 4x 11 x + 1 = 0
x 2 + 3x 10 = 0
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
3 7
2
4
10
or
2
2
3 32 4 1 (10)
21
9
+ 40
3
2
= 2 or 5
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
are x = 2 and x = -5
(In other words, x = 2 and x = -5 are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
7 9
73
=
2
2
10
4
or
2
2
x 2 + 4x 11 = x 1
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
2
7 (7) 4 1 10
21
7 49 40
2
= 5 or 2
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
are x = 5 and x = 2.
(In other words, x = 5 and x = 2 are the roots of the quadratic equation
2
b b 4ac
x=
2a
14 100
14 10
=
6
6
24
4
or
6
6
= 4 or
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
2
14 (14) 4 3 8
23
x 2 7x + 10 = 0)
14 196 96
6
2
3
3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
are x = 4 and x =
2
3
2
are the roots of the quadratic equation 3x 2 14x + 8 = 0
3
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
17 1
17 1
=
12
12
18
16
or
12
12
3
4
or
2
3
2
17 (17) 4 6 12
26
6 4
2
17 289 288
12
6x 2 17x + 12 = 0
are x =
4
3
and x = .
3
2
4
3
2
and x =
are the roots of the quadratic equation 6x 17x + 12 = 0
3
2
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
2
6 (6) 4 1 10
21
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
6 36 40
=
2
6 2i
2
= 3 i
= (3 + i) or (3 i)
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
(In other words, x =(-3 + i) and x = (-3 - i) are the roots of the quadratic equation
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
2
6 (6) 4 1 9
21
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
=
6 (36 36
21
6 0
6
=
2
2
= 3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
(In other words,
x 2 + 6x + 9 = 0
is
x = 3
x2 9 = 0
x 2 + 6x + 10 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
=
0 (0) 2 4 1 (9)
21
36
2
6
2
= 3 or 3
Hence, the solutions of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
are x = 3 and x = -3
(In other words, x = 3 and x = -3 are the roots of the quadratic equation
x2 9 = 0
4ac
a x 2 + bx + c = 0
If the discriminant is positive, there will be two real solutions for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is 0, there will be one real solution (it repeats itself) for the quadratic equation.
If the discriminant is negative, there will be two complex solutions for the quadratic equation.
Ex am ple1 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D > 0. Hence
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0
x 2 7x + 12 = 0 (x 3)(x 4) = 0 x = 3 or 4.
Yes, two real roots we got.
Ex am ple2 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D = 0. Hence
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
4ac = (42 ) (4 1 4) = 16 16 = 0.
x 2 4x + 4 = 0
x 2 4x + 4 = 0 (x 2) 2 = 0 x = 2
Yes, real root (it repeats itself).
Ex am ple3 :
Find out the number of roots for
2
Discriminant, D = b
D < 0. Hence
x2 + 1 = 0
4ac = (02 ) (4 1 1) = 0 4 = 4
x2 + 1 = 0
x2 + 1 = 0
b b2 4ac
x=
2a
0 02 4 1 1
4
2 i
04
=
=
=
=
=i
21
2
2
2
Let
x1 + x2 =
b
a
x1 x2 =
c
a
Ex am ple 1: Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
sum of the roots=
b
7
= =7
a
1
c 10
=
= 10
a
1
Ex am ple 2: Find the sum and product of the roots of the quadratic equation
sum of the roots=
x 2 7x + 10 = 0
b
3
=
a
2
c 1
=
a 2
2x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
B. 3.5
C. 4
D. 4.5
a m . a n = a m+n
(132)7 (132)x = (132)11.5
=> 7 + x = 11.5
=> x = 11.5 - 7 = 4.5
2.
a
( )
b
x2
x7
b
=( )
a
A. 3
B. 3.5
C. 4
D. 4.5
1
a n
an =
a
( )
b
x2
a
( )
b
b
=( )
a
x2
x7
a
=( )
b
(x7)
x 2 = (x 7)
x 2 = x + 7
x 2 = x + 7
2x = 9
x=
9
= 4.5
2
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
4. (0.04)-2.5 = ?
A. 125
B. 25
C. 3125
D. 625
a n =
(0.04)
1
an
2.5
.
2
= (5 )
=(
5
2
2.5
1
)
.04
=(
100
)
4
2.5
= 5 = 3125
B. 2
C. 4
D. 6
6.
1 + P (nm)
A.
C.
1 + P (mn)
1
B.
1+P
1
D.
P
=?
= (25)
2.5
2
= (5 )
2.5
1
1+P
=
1
Pn
1+ m
P
Pm
+P
P
P
m
m
(nm)
1 + P (mn)
1
Pm
1+ n
P
Pn
+P
+P
+P
=1
7.
A.
12
B.
C.
D.
4
14
(a b) = a 2 2ab + b2
a 2 b2 = (a b)(a + b)
( x
1
)
x
= x2+
= x+
1
x
1
2
x
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
= (8 + 3 7) +
1
2
(8 + 3 7)
(8 3 7)
(8 + 3 7) (8 3 7)
(8 3 7)
82 (3 7)
(8 3 7)
64 63
(8 3 7)
1
= 8 + 3 7 + 8 3 7 2
= 14
We got that ( x
Hence , ( x
1
)
x
1
) =
14
x
= 14
1
)?
x
B. 7776
C. 216
D. 1296
am
= a mn
an
Given that 6m = 46656
6m2 =
6m
62
46656
62
46656
= 1296
36
Hence, 46656 = 66
Thus, we got that 6m = 66
=> m = 6
6m-2 = 6(6-2) = 64 = 1296
9. 10222 10220 = ?
A. 10
B. 100
C. 1000
D. 10000
am
= a mn
an
10222 10220 = 10222 - 220 = 102 = 100
10. If m and n are whole numbers and mn = 196, what is the value of (m - 3)(n+1) ?
A. 2744
B. 1
C. 121
D. 1331
(1024)
11.
n/5
42n+1
16 4n1
n
A. 256
B. 64
C. 16
D. 9
=?
(1024)
n/5
2n+1
n1
16 4
n/5
(45 )
42n+1
2 n
n1
(4 ) 4
4n 42n+1
42n 4n1
= 4(n+2n+1)(2n)(n1)
= 42
= 16
12.
x4
a
If ( )
b
b
=( )
a
x8
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 10
1
a n
an =
a
( )
b
x4
a
( )
b
b
=( )
a
x4
x8
a
=( )
b
(x8)
x 4 = (x 8)
x 4 = x + 8
2x = 12
x=
12
=6
2
B. 6
C. 4.2
D. 2.2
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
x = (100)0.2
y = (10)0.6
xz = y2
=> (1000.2)z = (100.6)2
=> 1000.2z = 10(0.6 2)
=> (102)0.2z = 10(0.6 2)
=> 10(2 0.2z)= 10(0.6 2)
=> 2 0.2z = 0.6 2
z=
14.
.6 6
= =3
.2 2
xq
)
xr
(q+rp)
.(
(r+pq)
xr
)
xp
.(
xp
)
xq
A. x(a - b - c)
B. .5
C. 1
D. x(a + b + c)
(p+qr)
=?
xq
)
xr
(q+rp)
= [x (qr) ]
.(
xr
)
xp
(q+rp)
(r+pq)
. [x (rp) ]
.(
xp
)
xq
(r+pq)
(p+qr)
. [x (pq) ]
(p+qr)
15.
1
1 + x (qp) + x (rp)
1
1 + x (pq) + x (rq)
A. 0
B. 1
C. .5
D. 2
1
1 + x (qr) + x (pr)
=?
1
1 + x (qp)
+ x (rp)
1
xq xr
1+ p + p
x
x
xp
xp + xq + xr
xp + xq + xr
xp + xq + xr
+ x (rq)
1
xp xr
1+ q + q
x
x
1
1 + x (pq)
xq
xq + xp + xr
1
1 + x (qr)
1
xq xp
1+ r + r
x
x
xr
xr + xq + xp
=1
16.
65610.14 65610.11 = ?
A. 16
B. 9
C. 4
D. 1
a m . a n = a m+n
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
65610.14 65610.11 = 6561(0.14 + 0.11)= 6561(0.25)
= 6561(1/4) = (38)(1/4) = 38/4 = 32 = 9
B. (405)n
D. (40n)5
5n
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
(2 4 5)5n = (40)5n = (405)n = (40n)5
18.
If ( 3)
= 6561, (n)
64
C. 16 3
A.
3/2
=?
64 3
D. 16
B.
+ x (pr)
a p/q = q
ap
( 3)
= 6561
( 3)
= ( 3 )
16
n = 16
B. 21
C. 20.5
D. 22.5
a m . a n = a m+n
5x 23 = 36
5x =
36
23
5(x+1) = 5x 5 =
20.
36
36 5
5 =
222
23
95
= 22.5
2
A. 44
B. 44
C. 62
D. 64
(ab) n = an bn
am
= a mn
an
(a m ) n = amn = (a n ) m
36120 = (36 x ) 40
36120 = 3640 x 40
x 40 =
36120
= 36(12040) = 3680
3640
( x 2 ) 40 = 3680
( x ) 80 = 3680
x = 36
x = 362 = 64
B. 86
C. 93
D. 81
3 2187
3 729
3 243
3 81
3 27
3 9
3 9
Hence, 6561 = 38
= 81 + 9 + 3
= 93
22.
3n = 6561. 3 n = ?
A. 81
B. 9
C. 16
D. 25
3 2187
3 729
3 243
3 81
3 27
Hence, 6561 = 38
3n = 38
3n = 316
n = 16
3 n = 3 16 = 34 = 81
B. 16
C. 34
D. 36
B. 2 11-1
C. 14
D. 22
Answer : Option A
Explanation :
(7-1 - 11-1) + (7-1 + 11-1)
= 7-1 + 7-1 - 11-1 + 11-1
= 7-1 + 7-1
= 2 7-1
B. 260
C. 200
D. 300
(ab) n = an bn
a m . a n = a m+n
(5)1.25 (12)0.25 (60)0.75
=(5)1.25 (12)0.25 (12 5)0.75
= (5)1.25 (12)0.25 (12)0.75 (5)0.75
= (5)(1.25 + 0.75) (12)(0.25 + 0.75)
= (5)2 (12)1
= 25 12
= 300
26. 36 36 36 36 = 6?
A. 10
B. 8
C. 4
D. 6
B. 6 7-14
C. 7 7-15
D. 7 7-14
a n =
an =
1
an
1
a n
(714 715 ) =
71
715
6
715
1
1
7
1
B. -1
C. -2
D. 2
29.
7
If 2x = 1024 , what is the value of x ?
A. None of these
B. -7/10
C. 10/7
D. 7/10
a p/q = q
ap
2x = 7 1024
7
2x = 210
2x = 210/7
x = 10/7
30.
[(32 52 )
17
15
4
7
C.
4
A.
(32 52 )
18
4
15
4
D.
7
B.
1/2
=?
17
[(32 52 )
2
5 )
2
5 )
= [(3
= [(3
(32 52 )
(1718)
(1)
1/2
1/2
(32 52 )
1/2
=
(
1
32
1
52
)
1/2
32 52
(52 32 )
=[
32 52
]
16
35
4
15
4
1/2
1/2
18
1/2
1.
Speed =
2.
3.
Time =
4.
Distance
Speed
x km/hr = x
5.
5
m/s
18
x m/s = x
18
km/hr
5
6.
7.
8.
1 1
: or b : a
a b
1. A man takes 5 hours 45 min in walking to a certain place and riding back. He would have gained 2 hours by riding both ways. The time he would take to walk both ways is
A. 11 hrs
B. 8 hrs 45 min
C. 7 hrs 45 min
D. 9 hts 20 min
Given that time taken in walking one way and riding back = 5 hours 45 min
Hence The time he would take to walk both ways = 5 hours 45 min + 2 hours =
7 hours 45 min
In fact, you can do all these calculations mentally and save a lot of time
which will be a real benefit for you.
---------------------------------------------------------------Solution 2
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(Time taken to walk x km) + (Time taken to ride x km) = 5 hour 45 min
45
3
23
=5
hour = 5 hour =
hour .......(Equation1)
60
4
4
23 15
2
4
46 15 31
3
=
hours = 7 hours = 7 hours 45 minutes
4
4
4
4
2. A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour?
A. 8.2
B. 4.2
C. 6.1
D. 7.2
Speed =
= 2
distance
600
=
= 2m/s
time
300
18
36
km/hr =
km/hr = 7.2 km/hr
5
5
3. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppages, it is 45 kmph. For how many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
A. 12
B. 11
C. 10
D. 9
Hence, time that the bus stop per hour = time taken to cover 9 km
distance
9
1
60
=
hour =
hour =
min = 10 min
speed
54
6
6
4. A man complete a journey in 10 hours. He travels first half of the journey at the rate of 21 km/hr and second half at the rate of 24 km/hr. Find the total journey in km.
A. 121 km
B. 242 km
C. 224 km
D. 112 km
But distance covered in the the first half = Distance covered in the the second
half
=> 21x = 24(10 - x)
=> 21x = 240 - 24x
=> 45x = 240
=> 9x = 48
=> 3x = 16
x=
16
3
16
= 7 16 = 112 km
3
5. A car traveling with 5/7 of its actual speed covers 42 km in 1 hr 40 min 48 sec. What is the actual speed of the car?
A. 30 km/hr
B. 35 km/hr
C. 25 km/hr
D. 40 km/hr
distance
42
=
time
126
(
)
75
40
48
2
1
126
hr +
hr = 1 + +
=
hr
60
3600
3 75
75
42 75
126
5
42 75
of the actual speed =
7
126
actual speed =
42 75
7 42 15
7 15
=
=
= 7 5 = 35 km/hr
126
5
18
3
6. A man covered a certain distance at some speed. If he had moved 3 kmph faster, he would have taken 40 minutes less. If he had moved 2 kmph slower, he would have
taken 40 minutes more. What is the the distance in km?
A. 36
B. 38
C. 40
D. 42
Time taken when moving at normal speed - time taken when moving 3 kmph
faster = 40 minutes
x
x
40
=
v v+3
60
1
1
2
]=
x[
v v+3
3
x[
v+3v
2
]=
3
v (v + 3)
2v(v + 3) = 9x................(Equation1)
Time taken when moving 2 kmph slower - Time taken when moving at normal speed = 40 minutes
x
x
40
=
v2
v
60
1
1
2
x[
]=
v2
v
3
x[
vv+2
2
]=
3
v (v 2)
x[
2
2
]=
3
v (v 2)
x[
1
1
]=
3
v (v 2)
v(v 2) = 3x................(Equation2)
2(v + 3)
Equation1
=3
Equation2
(v 2)
2v + 6 = 3v 6
v = 12
7. A and B walk around a circular track. A and B walk at a speed of 2 rounds per hour and 3 rounds per hour respectively. If they start at 8 a.m. from the same point in
opposite directions, how many times shall they cross each other before 9.30 a.m.?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
=> They cross each other 5 times in 1 hour and 2 times in 1/2 hour
8. Two boys starts from the same place walking at the rate of 5 kmph and 5.5 kmph respectively in the same direction. What time will they take to be 8.5 km apart?
A. 17 hr
B. 14 hr
C. 12 hr
D. 19 hr
time =
distance
8.5
=
= 17 hr
speed
.5
9. In covering a distance of 30 km, Arun takes 2 hours more than Anil. If Arun doubles his speed, then he would take 1 hour less than Anil. What is Arun's speed?
A. 8 kmph
B. 5 kmph
C. 4 kmph
D. 7 kmph
Answer : Option B
Explanation :
Let the speed of Arun = x kmph
and the speed of Anil = y kmph
distance = 30 km
We know that
distance
= time
speed
Hence
30 30
= 2...........(Equation1)
x
y
30 30
= 1...........(Equation2)
y
2x
Equation1 + Equation2
30
=3
2x
15
=3
x
5
=1
x
30 30
=3
x
2x
x=5
Hence Arun's speed = 5 kmph
10. A car travels first 160 km at 64 km/hr and the next 160 km at 80 km/hr. What is the average speed for the first 320 km of the tour?
A. 70.24 km/hr
B. 74. 24 km/hr
C. 71.11 km/hr
D. 72.21 km/hr
2 32 10
64 10
=
= 71.11 kmph
9
9
distance
160
=
speed
64
distance
160
=
speed
80
160 160
+
64
80
Total distance traveled
Total time taken
2 160
160 160
+
64
80
2
2 64 80
2 64 80
2 8 80
640
=
=
=
=
1
1
80 + 64
144
18
9
+
64 80
= 71.11 km/hr
11. A Man travelled a distance of 61 km in 9 hours. He travelled partly on foot at 4 km/hr and partly on bicycle at 9 km/hr. What is the distance travelled on foot?
A. 12 km
B. 14 km
C. 16 km
D. 18 km
4x + 9(9 x) = 61
4x + 81 9x = 61
5x = 20
x=4
Time =
Distance
Speed
x (61 x)
+
=9
4
9
9x + 4 61 4x = 36 9
5x + 244 = 324
5x = 324 244 = 80
x=
80
= 16 km
5
12. Walking 6/7th of his usual speed, a man is 12 minutes too late. What is the usual time taken by him to cover that distance?
A. 1 hr 42 min
B. 1 hr
C. 2 hr
Hide Answer | Notebook
D. 1 hr 12 min
| Discuss
13. A man goes to his office from his house at a speed of 3 km/hr and returns at a speed of 2 km/hr. If he takes 5 hours in going and coming, what is the distance between his
house and office?
A. 3 km
B. 4 km
C. 5 km
D. 6 km
232
12
=
km/hr
2+3
5
12
= 6 km
2
14. A man rides his bicycle 10 km at an average speed of 12 km/hr and again travels 12 km at an average speed of 10 km/hr. What is his average speed for the entire trip
approximately?
A. 11.2 kmph
B. 10 kmph
C. 10.2 kmph
D. 10.8 kmph
distance
22
22 120
=
=
time
10 12
(10 10) + (12 12)
(
)
+
12 10
22 120
11 120
11 60
660
=
=
=
10.8 kmph
244
122
61
61
Average speed =
15. An aeroplane covers a certain distance at a speed of 240 kmph in 5 hours. To cover the same distance in
A. 660 km/hr
B. 680 km/hr
2
hours, it must travel at a speed of:
3
C. 700 km/hr
D. 720 km/hr
Here distance is constant and Speed and time are inversely proportional
1
Speed
Time
Speed1
Time2
=
Speed2
Time1
240
=
Speed2
(1
2
)
3
5
5
( )
3
240
=
Speed2
5
240
1
=
Speed2
3
New time = 1
2
5
hr =
hr
3
3
Distance
240 5
=
= 240 3 = 720 km/hr
Time
5
3
16. A train can travel 50% faster than a car. Both start from point A at the same time and reach point B 75 kms away from A at the same time. On the way, however, the
train lost about 12.5 minutes while stopping at the stations. What is the speed of the car?
A. 80 kmph
B. 102 kmph
C. 120 kmph
D. 140 kmph
(100 + 50)
150
3
x=
x = x kmph
100
100
2
75
hours
x
75
3
( x)
2
12.5
hours
60
Since Both start from A at the same time and reach point B at the same time
75
=
x
75
3
( x)
2
12.5
60
25 12.5
=
x
60
x=
25 60
= 2 60 = 120
12.5
17. In a flight of 600 km, an aircraft was slowed down due to bad weather. Its average speed for the trip was reduced by 200 km/hr and the time of flight increased by 30
minutes. What is the duration of the flight ?
1
hour
2
A.
2 hour
B.
C.
1
hour
2
D.
1 hour
Speed =
Distance
600
=
................(Equation1)
Time
x
30
1
) hours = (x + ) hours
60
2
600
................(Equation2)
1
(x + )
2
600
600
1
(x + )
2
600
600
= 200
1
(x + )
2
3
6
=1
x 2x + 1
3(2x + 1) 6x
x(2x + 1)
6x + 3 6x
x(2x + 1)
3
=1
x(2x + 1)
3
=1
1
(x + )
2
=1
=1
2x 2 + x 3 = 0................(Equation3)
From here, you can get the answer using Trial and error method.
If you try with the values given as the choices, you can see the value of x = 1
satisfies the equation 3. Hence answer is 1 hour
Or, we can solve the equation 3 to get the answer
2x 2 + x 3 = 0
(2x + 3)(x 1) = 0
x = 1(Removing the -ve value for x)
Hence answer is 1 hour
18. If a person walks at 14 km/hr instead of 10 km/hr, he would have walked 20 km more. What is the actual distance travelled by him?
A. 80 km
B. 70 km
C. 60 km
D. 50 km
Speed =
Distance
x
=
.....(Equation1)
Time
10
Give that the person would have covered (x + 20) km if travelled at 14 km/hr
Speed =
(x + 20)
Distance
=
.....(Equation2)
Time
14
(x + 20)
x
=
10
14
14x = 10x + 200
4x = 200
x=
200
= 50
4
19. The ratio between the speeds of two trains is 7 : 8. If the second train runs 400 km in 4 hours, What is the the speed of the first train?
A. 85 km/hr
B. 87.5 km/hr
C. 90 km/hr
D. 92.5 km/hr
Speed1
Time2
=
Speed2
Time1
7
4
=
8 Time1
Time1 =
48
hr
7
Distance
400
=
Time1
48
(
)
7
100 7
= 12.5 7 = 87.5 km/hr
8
Distance
400
=
= 100 km/hr
Time
4
8x = 100
100
x=
= 12.5
8
Speed of the first train = 7x = 7 12.5 = 87.5 km/hr
20. It takes eight hours for a 600 km journey, if 120 km is done by train and the rest by car. It takes 20 minutes more, if 200 km is done by train and the rest by car. What is
the ratio of the speed of the train to that of the car?
A. 3 : 4
B. 2 : 3
C. 1 : 2
D. 1 : 3
Time needed for traveling 600 km if 120 km by train and the rest by car = 8 hr
120 480
+
= 8.............(Equation 1)
x
y
15 60
+
= 1.............(Equation 1)
x
y
Time needed for traveling 600 km if 200 km by train and the rest by car = 8 hr 20 min
200 400 25
+
=
x
y
3
8 16 1
+
=
x
y
3
24 48
+
= 1.............(Equation 2)
x
y
15 60 24 48
+
=
+
x
y
x
y
12
9
=
y
x
4
3
=
y
x
x 3
=
y 4
x :y= 3 :4
21. Arun is traveling on his cycle and has calculated to reach point A at 2 pm if he travels at 10 kmph, he will reach there at 12 noon if he travels at 15 kmph. At what speed
must he travel to reach A at 1 pm?
A. 8 kmph
B. 10 kmph
C. 12 kmph
D. 14 kmph
x
x
=
+2
10 15
x
x
=2
10 15
3x 2x = 2 30
x = 60
Distance = 60 km
Examine the any statement say, if travels at 10 kmph, Arun will reach point A at 2 pm
Time taken =
Distance
60
=
= 6 hours
Speed
10
Distance
60
=
= 12 kmph
Time
5
hours?
1
1
hours and then travels at a speed of 70 miles per hour for 1
hours. How far did the car travel in the entire 4
2
2
A. 210 miles
B. 230 miles
C. 250 miles
D. 260 miles
Speed1 = 50 miles/hour
1
5
Time1 = 2 hour =
hour
2
2
Distance1 = Speed1 Time1 = 50
Speed2 = 70 miles/hour
1
3
Time2 = 1 hour =
hour
2
2
Distance2 = Speed2 Time2 = 70
5
= 25 5 = 125 miles
2
3
= 35 3 = 105 miles
2
23. The speed of a bus increases by 2 km after every one hour. If the distance travelling in the first one hour was 35 km. what was the total distance travelled in 12 hours?
A. 422 km
B. 552 km
C. 502 km
D. 492 km
24. Sound is said to travel in air at about 1100 feet per second. A man hears the axe striking the tree, 11/5 seconds after he sees it strike the tree. How far is the man from
the wood chopper?
A. 1800 ft
B. 2810 ft
C. 3020 ft
D. 2420 ft
11
= 220 11 = 2420 ft
5
25. An athlete runs 200 metres race in 24 seconds. What is his speed?
A. 20 km/hr
B. 25 km/hr
C. 27.5 km/hr
D. 30 km/hr
Speed =
=
Distance
200
200 18
=
m/s =
km/hr
Time
24
24
5
40 3
km/hr = 10 3 km/hr = 30 km/hr
4
26. A train is moving at the speed of 80 km/hr. What is its speed in metres per second?
2
m/s
9
1
C. 21
m/sec
9
A.
22
B.
22 m/s
D.
21 m/s
Speed = 80 km/hr = 80
5
5
200
2
m/s = 40 m/s =
m/s = 22 m/s
18
9
9
9
27. The distance between two cities A and B is 330 km. A train starts from A at 8 a.m. and travel towards B at 60 km/hr. Another train starts from B at 9 a.m. and travels
towards A at 75 Km/hr. At what time will they meet?
A. 10.30 a.m.
C. 12 noon
B. 10 a.m.
D. 11 a.m.
Then, train1,starting from A , travelling towards B, travels x hours till the trains
meet
28. A man walking at the rate of 5 km/hr crosses a bridge in 15 minutes. What is the length of the bridge (in metres)?
A. 1250
B. 1280
C. 1320
D. 1340
Speed = 5 km/hr
Time = 15 minutes =
1
hour
4
1
km
4
1
1000 metre = 1250 metre
4
29. A train travelled at an average speed of 100 km/hr, stopping for 3 minutes after every 75 km. How long did it take to reach its destination 600 km from the starting point?
A. 6 hrs 21 min
B. 7 hrs 14 min
C. 7 hrs 22 min
D. 6 hrs
Distance
600
=
= 6 hour
Speed
100
Now we need to find out the number of stops in the 600 km travel. Given that train stops
after every 75 km.
600
=8
75
It means train stops 7 times before 600 km and 1 time just after 600 km. Hence we need
to take only 7 stops into consideration for the 600 km travel.
Hence, total stopping time in the 600 km travel = 7 x 3 = 21 minutes
Total time needed to reach the destination = 6 hours + 21 minutes = 6 hrs 21 min
30. A person travels from A to B at a speed of 40 km/hr and returns by increasing his speed by 50%. What is his average speed for both the trips?
A. 60 km/hr
B. 56 km/hr
C. 52 km/hr
D. 48 km/hr
distance
x
=
hr
speed
40
(100 + 50)
Speed with which he travels from B to A = 40
= 60 km/hr
100
distance
x
Time to travel from B to A =
=
speed
60
Time to travel from A to B =
2x
= x
x
+
44 60
2
2 2400
=
= 2 24 = 48 km/hr
1
1
40 + 60
+
60 40
31. A man in a train notices that he can count 21 telephone posts in one minute. If they are known to be 50 metres apart, at what speed is the train travelling?
A. 61 km/hr
B. 56 km/hr
C. 63 km/hr
D. 60 km/hr
Distance = 20 50 meter =
1
hour
60
Time = 1 minute =
Speed =
20 50
km = 1 km
1000
Distance
=
Time
1
= 60 km/hr
1
( )
60
32. A truck covers a distance of 550 metres in 1 minute whereas a train covers a distance of 33 kms in 45 minutes. What is the ratio of their speed?
A. 2 : 1
B. 1 : 2
C. 4 : 3
D. 3 : 4
Distance
550
=
= 550 meters/minute
Time
1
Distance
33
33000
=
km/minute =
meters/minute
Time
45
45
550
33000
(
)
45
550 45
55 45
=
33000
3300
11 45
11 9
9
3
=
=
=
660
132
12 4
33. A person has to cover a distance of 6 km in 45 minutes. If he covers one-half of the distance in two-thirds of the total time; to cover the remaining distance in the
remaining time, what should be his speed in km/hr?
A. 14 km/hr
B. 12 km/hr
C. 10 km/hr
D. 8 km/hr
Given that he covers one-half of the distance in two-thirds of the total time
=> He covers half of 6 km in two-thirds of 45 minutes
=> He covers 3 km in 30 minutes
Required Speed =
Distance
3
=
Time
1
( )
4
= 12 km/hr
2.
3.
If M1 men can do W1 work in D1 days working H1 hours per day and M2 men can do W2 work in D2
days working H2 hours per day (where all men work at the same rate), then
M1 D1 H1 / W1 = M2 D2 H2 / W2
4.
If A can do a piece of work in p days and B can do the same in q days, A and B together can finish
it in pq / (p+q) days
5.
1. P is able to do a piece of work in 15 days and Q can do the same work in 20 days. If they can work
together for 4 days, what is the fraction of work left?
A. 8/15
B. 7/15
C. 11/15
D. 2/11
2. P can lay railway track between two stations in 16 days. Q can do the same job in 12 days. With the
help of R, they completes the job in 4 days. How much days does it take for R alone to complete the
work?
A. 9(3/5) days
B. 9(1/5) days
C. 9(2/5) days
D. 10 days
3. P, Q and R can do a work in 20, 30 and 60 days respectively. How many days does it need to complete
the work if P does the work and he is assisted by Q and R on every third day?
A. 10 days
B. 14 days
C. 15 days
D. 9 days
4. A is thrice as good as B in work. A is able to finish a job in 60 days less than B. They can finish the
work in - days if they work together.
A. 18 days
B. 22 days
C. 24 days
D. 26 days
5. A can do a particular work in 6 days . B can do the same work in 8 days. A and B signed to do it for Rs.
3200. They completed the work in 3 days with the help of C. How much is to be paid to C?
A. Rs. 380
B. Rs. 600
C. Rs. 420
D. Rs. 400
6. 6 men and 8 women can complete a work in 10 days. 26 men and 48 women can finish the same work in
2 days. 15 men and 20 women can do the same work in - days.
A. 4 days
B. 6 days
C. 2 days
D. 8 days
7. A can do a piece of work in 4 hours . A and C together can do it in just 2 hours, while B and C together
need 3 hours to finish the same work. B alone can complete the work in --- days.
A. 12 hours
B. 6 hours
C. 8 hours
D. 10 hours
8. P can do a work in the same time in which Q and R together can do it. If P and Q work together, the
work can be completed in 10 days. R alone needs 50 days to complete the same work. then Q alone can
do it in
A. 30 days
B. 25 days
C. 20 days
D. 15 days
But Work done by P in 1 day = Work done by Q and R in 1 day . Hence the
above equation can be written as
Work done by P in 1 day 2 = 6/50
=> Work done by P in 1 day = 3/50
=> Work done by Q and R in 1 day = 3/50
Hence work done by Q in 1 day = 3/50 1/50 = 2/50 = 1/25
So Q alone can do the work in 25 days
9. A completes 80% of a work in 20 days. Then B also joins and A and B together finish the remaining work
in 3 days. How long does it need for B if he alone completes the work?
A. 37 days
B. 22 days
C. 31 days
D. 22 days
10. Machine P can print one lakh books in 8 hours. Machine Q can print the same number of books in 10
hours while machine R can print the same in 12 hours. All the machines started printing at 9 A.M. Machine
P is stopped at 11 A.M. and the remaining two machines complete work. Approximately at what time will
the printing of one lakh books be completed?
A. 3 pm
B. 2 pm
C. 1:00 pm
D. 11 am
Explanation :
Work done by P in 1 hour = 1/8
Work done by Q in 1 hour = 1/10
Work done by R in 1 hour = 1/12
Work done by P,Q and R in 1 hour = 1/8 + 1/10 + 1/12 = 37/120
Work done by Q and R in 1 hour = 1/10 + 1/12 = 22/120 = 11/60
11. P can finish a work in 18 days. Q can finish the same work in 15 days. Q worked for 10 days and left
the job. how many days does P alone need to finish the remaining work?
A. 8
B. 5
C. 4
D. 6
12. 3 men and 7 women can complete a work in 10 days . But 4 men and 6 women need 8 days to
complete the same work . In how many days will 10 women complete the same work?
A. 50
B. 40
C. 30
D. 20
13. A and B can finish a work 30 days if they work together. They worked together for 20 days and then B
left. A finished the remaining work in another 20 days. In how many days A alone can finish the work?
A. 60
B. 50
C. 40
D. 30
14. A can complete a work in 12 days with a working of 8 hours per day. B can complete the same work in
8 days when working 10 hours a day. If A and B work together, working 8 hours a day, the work can be
completed in --- days.
A. 5 511
B. 4 511
C. 6 411
D. 6 511
Hence total days to complete the work with A and B working together
= (480/11)/ (8) = 60/11 days = 5 511 days
15. P is 30% more efficient than Q. P can complete a work in 23 days. If P and Q work together, how
much time will it take to complete the same work?
A. 9
B. 11
C. 13
D. 15
16. P, Q and R can complete a work in 24, 6 and 12 days respectively. The work will be completed in --days if all of them are working together.
A. 2
B. 3 37
C. 4
D. 5
17. 10 men can complete a work in 7 days. But 10 women need 14 days to complete the same work. How
many days will 5 men and 10 women need to complete the work?
A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
18. Kamal will complete work in 20 days. If Suresh is 25% more efficient than Kamal, he can complete the
work in --- days.
A. 14
B. 16
C. 18
D. 20
19. Anil and Suresh are working on a special assignment. Anil needs 6 hours to type 32 pages on a
computer and Suresh needs 5 hours to type 40 pages. If both of them work together on two different
computers, how much time is needed to type an assignment of 110 pages?
A. 7 hour 15 minutes
B. 7 hour 30 minutes
C. 8 hour 15 minutes
D. 8 hour 30 minutes
20. P and Q can complete a work in 20 days and 12 days respectively. P alone started the work and Q
joined him after 4 days till the completion of the work. How long did the work last?
A. 5 days
B. 10 days
C. 14 days
D. 22 days
21. P takes twice as much time as Q or thrice as much time as R to finish a piece of work. They can finish
the work in 2 days if work together. How much time will Q take to do the work alone?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
22. P and Q can complete a work in 15 days and 10 days respectively. They started the work together
and then Q left after 2 days. P alone completed the remaining work. The work was finished in --- days.
A. 12
B. 16
C. 20
D. 24
Time taken by P to complete the remaining work 2/3 = (2/3) / (1/15) = 10 days
Total time taken = 2 + 10 = 12 days
23. P and Q can do a work in 30 days. Q and R can do the same work in 24 days and R and P in 20 days.
They started the work together, but Q and R left after 10 days. How many days more will P take to finish
the work?
A. 10
B. 15
C. 18
D. 22
p + q = 1/30
q + r = 1/24
r + p = 1/20
Work done by P in 1 day = Work done by P,Q and R in 1 day - Work done by Q
and R in 1 day
= 1/16 1/24 = 1/48
24. P works twice as fast as Q. If Q alone can complete a work in 12 days, P and Q can finish the work in
--- days
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
25. A work can be finished in 16 days by twenty women. The same work can be finished in fifteen days by
sixteen men. The ratio between the capacity of a man and a woman is
A. 1:3
B. 4:3
C. 2:3
D. 2:1
26. P and Q need 8 days to complete a work. Q and R need 12 days to complete the same work. But P, Q
and R together can finish it in 6 days. How many days will be needed if P and R together do it?
A. 3
B. 8
C. 12
D. 4
27. P can do a work in 24 days. Q can do the same work in 9 days and R can do the same in 12 days. Q
and R start the work and leave after 3 days. P finishes the remaining work in --- days.
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
28. If daily wages of a man is double to that of a woman, how many men should work for 25 days to earn
Rs.14400? Given that wages for 40 women for 30 days are Rs.21600.
A. 12
B. 14
C. 16
D. 18
21600 2
40 30
Number of men =
21600
40 30
21600 2 25
40 30
14400
21600 2 25
(
)
40 30
144
216 50
(
)
40 30
144
= 16
9
29. P,Q and R together earn Rs.1620 in 9 days. P and R can earn Rs.600 in 5 days. Q and R in 7 days can
earn Rs.910. How much amount does R can earn per day?
A. Rs.40
B. Rs.70
C. Rs.90
D. Rs.100
30. Assume that 20 cows and 40 goats can be kept for 10 days for Rs.460. If the cost of keeping 5 goats
is the same as the cost of keeping 1 cow, what will be the cost for keeping 50 cows and 30 goats for 12
days?
A. Rs.1104
B. Rs.1000
C. Rs.934
D. Rs.1210
31. There is a group of persons each of whom can complete a piece of work in 16 days, when they are
working individually. On the first day one person works, on the second day another person joins him, on
the third day one more person joins them and this process continues till the work is completed. How many
days are needed to complete the work?
A. 3 14 days
B. 4 13 days
C. 5 16 days
D. 6 15 days
An easy way to attack such problems is from the choices. You can see the
choices are
very close to each other. So just see one by one.