Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
October 2004
DECLARATION
I certify that this thesis and the research to which it refers are the product of my own
work and that any ideas or quotation from the work of other people, published or
otherwise are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referring practices
of the discipline.
OKTOBER, 2004
COPYRIGHT UiTM
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, God the Almighty, Most Gracious and Most Merciful for
allowing me to accomplish this project successfully.
This report is the outcome of months of works by me in doing the project on
Hotel Reservation via SMS. It is therefore difficult for me to name all the people
who have directly or indirectly helped me in completing this project. For those
people that I about to omit, I apologize now.
Firstly, I owe my gratitude to Pn Zarina Bt Zainol, my supervisor for his
patience, understanding and supportive in guiding me on doing this project. I would
like to take this opportunity also to express my deepest gratitude to my most caring
and understanding mother, Pn Maskanah Bt Anuar. Thanks for all of your neverending love, support and encouragement in my life. Without her support I won't be
where I am now. My sincere gratitude also goes to all my friends, especially to En
Abu Bakar Mohamed, who always been there for me in the time of need.
Once again, thank you all from the bottom of my heart. You are all special
people. God bless.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
ABSTRACT
The wireless technology grows very rapidly and it has become very important in our
life. This technology is giving many new opportunities to us and makes our life
easier. One of the wireless technologies devices that are well known is mobile phone.
With the mobile phone, there is an SMS application that allows users to send short
message. Because of the crucial advantages of SMS, many organizations use this
technology in order to provide services to their customers. Therefore, we were called
to create a new service, which is hotel reservation by using SMS for Hotel UiTM.
This prototype allows customers to send an SMS message if they want to make a
reservation. By developing this service, it can simplify the work and not wasting
much time and costs. It can be conclude that this service can give convenient to
customer and this system can be enhanced in the future by using other form of
technologies to make it more efficient.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
ii
LIST OF TABLES
vii
LIST OF FIGURES
viii
1.2
Problem Statement
1.3
Objectives of Study
1.4
Research Question
1.5
Significance of Study
1.6
Conclusion
Introduction
2.2
Project Framework
Conclusion
2.3
Introduction
3.2
COPYRIGHT UiTM
3.3
3.2.2 GSM
3.2.3
SMS
10
3.2.4
SMS Application
10
12
13
14
14
3.2.9 Apache
15
15
3.2.11 MySQL
16
3.2.12 Dreamweaver MX
17
18
18
19
Introduction
20
4.2
Data Collection
21
4.3
Data Analysis
21
4.3.1 Approach
21
22
23
4.4
Designing a Model
24
4.5
24
25
25
26
4.6
26
4.7
Conclusion
27
COPYRIGHT UiTM
5.1
Introduction
28
5.2
Create Database
28
5.2.1
Table Login
29
5.2.2
Table Room
29
5.2.3
Table Queue
30
5.2.4
Table Store
30
5.3
31
5.4
33
5.4.1
Main Page
33
5.4.2
Reservation Page
34
5.4.3
Check-In Page
34
5.4.4
Check-Out Page
34
5.4.5
34
5.5
35
5.6
Conclusion
36
6.1
Introduction
37
6.2
37
6.3
39
6.4
41
6.5
Conclusion
44
7.1
Introduction
45
7.2
45
COPYRIGHT UiTM
7.2.1
7.3
45
46
7.2.3
47
Conclusion
50
8.1
Introduction
51
8.2
Conclusion
51
8.3
52
8.4
Recommendation
52
REFERENCES
54
APPENDICES
Appendix A
57
Appendix B
62
Appendix C
69
Appendix D
73
COPYRIGHT UiTM
LIST OF TABLES
CHAPTER 4
4.1
22
4.2
23
4.3
25
5.1
28
5.2
Table Login
29
5.3
Table Room
29
5.4
Table Queue
30
5.5
Table Store
30
CHAPTER 5
COPYRIGHT
vn UiTM
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 2
Framework of The Proj ect
20
5.1
31
5.2
32
5.3
Login Form
33
5.4
35
6.1
37
6.2
38
6.3
38
6.4
39
6.5
40
6.6
41
6.7
42
6.8
43
6.9
44
7.1
46
7.2
47
7.3
48
7.4
49
7.5
50
2.1
CHAPTER 4
4.1
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
CHAPTER 7
COPYRIGHT
viu UiTM
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
COPYRIGHT UiTM
1.2
Problem Statement
Presently, there are lots of hotel's web sites that provide a service for rooms
reservation online. Besides traditional means of using the telephone and
responding to walk-ins to make a reservation for hotel, most people prefer to
use a new technology such as using email or do it online in any hotel's web
site.
Conventional method of hotel reservation like using the telephone may
have problems when the phone line is busy or the particular staff did not
attend the call. The distance is also a contributing problem to this case
especially if the place is quite far. People have to travel to that place just to
make a reservation. It can be said that by using the conventional ways, time
and money will be wasted.
Using a new technology like email or online reservation also may have
constraints. The reservation cannot be made if there are no computers or
Internet services. It is also difficult if they are on the road and they don't have
a wireless device to make a reservation.
This research is about to develop a Short Messaging Systems (SMS)
for hotel reservation at Hotel UiTM in order to minimize the problems that are
stated above. People can simply make a reservation by write a message on
their mobile phone. People required to write their name, check in date and
number of rooms and then send their message to a number specified.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
1.3
Objectives of Study
The objectives of this study are:
1.
2.
3.
1.4
Research Question
The research questions for this project are:
1. What is the software used to implement the SMS service in the system?
2. How does the SMS service work with the system?
1.5
Significant of Study
By developing a service for hotel reservation system using SMS, it can help
people to find the availability of the room and make a reservation without
going to the hotel. By using SMS, it can simplify the work and not wasting
much time. Moreover, it is a cheap solution rather than to make a phone call
or filling a form. This service is ideal for last minute holiday or weekend
vacations. People can make the reservation while on the way.
Customers who use this service have to write their name, check in
date, and number of rooms required on their mobile phone and sends the
message to a specific number. Customers will then be informed whether the
reservation have been approved or rejected.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
The ability to deliver information to, from, and between wired systems
and wireless devices, offers enterprises a new way to build customer loyalty,
improve productivity and provide very convenient business environment.
Most people have mobile phone, since mobile phone is a need
nowadays. So, the system can be used by anyone whenever they want to make
a hotel reservation. Hence, there are no boundaries for people to use this SMS
service.
1.6
Conclusion
After reading the objectives, project scope and the problem significance that
has been elaborated previously, it is hoped that the point stated for this
introduction will be a guideline to complete the project successfully.
Besides that, it is hoped that the readers who will evaluate the thesis
will have a basic idea about this study entitled Hotel Reservation System
Development via SMS technology.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
2.1
Introduction
This chapter discusses the theoretical underpinnings of the study and their
relationship with the conceptual framework of this project.
2.2
Project Framework
Figure below shows the framework of this project.
Client
(Input - Apply for
room via SMS)
T^^
Web Server
(Process - Store the data and
respond for approval)
Output- Reply
approval
Web browser
Datsihnsp
COPYRIGHT UiTM
This project is a three-tier architecture that consists of client, web server and a
database. Basically there are three phases involved in this project. First phase
is user input by request for reservation using SMS technology to the web
server. Second phase involved the process of receiving the message, how the
data stored in the database and how it responds with the incoming message.
The third phase is web server will reply the incoming message to the users to
give the response.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
2.3
Conclusion
Through this chapter, it has explained briefly about the framework of how this
project works. In can be conclude that, this project is a three tier architecture,
which are involve client or web browser, web server and the database. The
detail explanation about each step involved in this project will be discussed in
Chapter 6.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1
Introduction
Wireless technologies are playing an increasingly prominent role in the global
Internet infrastructure. Wireless data technologies, such as instant messaging
and Short Message Service ("SMS") systems, allow consumers to
communicate anytime, and from many locations. Regarding to this scenario,
the SMS technology has seen unprecedented growth in the last few years.
SMS can be used in various ways to save time and money. It can be used in
marketing, advertising, getting information like info solat, flight information,
summons, news headlines, reservation and many more.
Since the increasingly growth of the SMS technology and seems like
anybody can afford to have a mobile phone, we were called to propose a new
prototype of SMS technology for hotel reservation in order to provide better
services in booking rooms. People can simply make a reservation by write a
message on their mobile phone and send to a specific number and they can get
the reply immediately.
The traditional method of hotel reservation like using the telephone
may have problems when the phone line is busy or the particular staff did not
answer the call. The distance is also a contributing problem to this case
especially if the place is quite far. Using a new technology like email or
online reservation also can have constraints. The reservation cannot be made if
there are no computers or Internet services. It is also difficult if they are on the
road and they don't have a wireless device to make a reservation.
COPYRIGHT UiTM
3.2
3.2.2 GSM
GSM (Global System for Mobile) is the pan-European standard for digital
cellular telephone service. GSM networks will be built as an alternative to
current AMPS systems and in the future and will support enhanced data
applications. GSM was designed for European markets to provide the
advantage of automatic, international roaming in muhiple countries. The SIM
(Subscriber Identification Module) card is a vital component in GSM
operation. The user can store all relevant data for the phone on a removable
plastic card. The card can be plugged into any GSM compatible phone and the
phone is instantly personalized to the user. (Nigel Cawthorne, 1999)
COPYRIGHT UiTM
3.2.3 SMS
Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the
mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and
from mobiles. (Laurie Ballet, 2001). SMS was an accidental success that took
nearly everyone in the mobile industry by surprise. SMS is one of the few
services in consumer history that has grown very fast without corresponding
decreases in pricing. Usually, even in the case of voice mobile phones, price
reductions in the cost of the phones and phone service have led to increases in
usage. (Dr. Subrahmanyam Karuturi, 2002)
10 UiTM
COPYRIGHT
interface would be far from being user-friendly, but for simple requestresponse situations, it would work well enough, (Dejan Bosanac, June 2004)
SMS technology has moved beyond being a personal messaging tool
and is now being embraced as an effective mission-critical mobile business
communication tool. As the most cost-effective method of communicating
with customers, employees, suppliers and business partners today, companies
of all sizes, in all parts of the market are finding it impossible to ignore the
benefits of using SMS technology to streamline their communications and
business processes. Mobile phones are an integral part of our lives. We can
count on the fact that a mobile phone is nearly always with the user, therefore
information communicated via SMS easily reaches the recipient wherever
they are, with the advantage of remaining in the phone's memory for future
referral. (Barry Prinsloo, May 2004)
Anthony Rodriguez from Hotel Information Systems told CNN,
"Today's technology is so cheap and we need to cut down the queues and
phone calls to the hotel asking which room people were in. We can also target
future guest. We can fiher through the hotel's history so if she/he stayed 10
times and spent $3,000, we can send them a special SMS inviting them back"
(Anthony Rodriguez, February 2003)
Hotel reservations or enquiries can now be done via short message
service (SMS) with the launch of mobileHOTEL, the first-ever SMS hotel
booking service in the Asean region said the Malaysian Association of Hotels
president Mohd Ilyas Zainol Abidin. He said the service was to increase
efficiency. Guests can check hotel rates and make reservations via SMS
anytime
without
having
to
look
(www.bettingmagazine.com/ManageArticle)
11 UiTM
COPYRIGHT
for
directory.
The SMS GWMS (SMS gateway MSC) is a gateway MSC that can
also receive short messages. The gateway MSC is a mobile network's point of
contact with other networks. On receiving the short message from the short
message center, GMSC uses the SS7 network to interrogate the current
position of the mobile station form the HLR, the home location register.
HLR is the main database in a mobile network. It holds information of
the subscription profile of the mobile and also about the routing information
for the subscriber, i.e. the area (covered by a MSC) where the mobile is
currently situated. The GMSC is thus able to pass on the message to the
correct MSC.
MSC (Mobile Switching Center) is the entity in a GSM network which
does the job of switching connections between mobile stations or between
mobile stations and thefixednetwork.
A VLR (Visitor Location Register) corresponds to each MSC and
contains temporary information about the mobile, information like mobile
identification and the cell (or a group of cells) where the mobile is currently
situated. Using information form the VLR the MSC is able to switch the
information (short message) to the corresponding BSS (Base Station System,
BSC + BTSs), which transmits the short message to the mobile. The BSS
consists of transceivers, which send and receive information over the air
12 UiTM
COPYRIGHT
interface, to and from the mobile station. This information is passed over the
signaling channels so the mobile can receive messages even if a voice or data
call is going on. (Puneet Gupta, 2000)
13 UiTM
COPYRIGHT
14 UiTM
COPYRIGHT