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Field Computation of Waveguide Loaded

High Order Mode Output Cavity


Wang Yong, Xie Jingxin
Institute of Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
P.O.Box 2652 Beijing 100080, China
E-mail: ywanggmail.ie.ac.cn
* * THEORY
Abstract- This paper describes a new numerical method based on
the boundary element method (BEM) for the field computation of A. Governing Equation & Boundary Conditions
In this paper, we restrict our consideration to the 2-D
waveguide loaded high order mode output cavity (HMOC). A
computer program is developed and the resonant frequency, problem. Fig. 1 is a waveguide loaded output cavity with an
external Q value and field distribution of a TM210 HMOC are ideal metallic wall. Provided that the cross section of the
system in the xy plane is independent of z, the z-component of
computed. The results agree well with those of ISFEL3D .

the electric field, u, is governed by the 2-D scalar Helmholtz


equation:

* * INTRODUCTION

In order to break through the limitation of cathode emission


current density of fundamental mode multi-beam klystron
(MBK)E'l and get a high output power under high working
frequency, we must let MBK work at high order mode.
Usually, the rectangular cavity is chosen as HMOC, whose
working mode can be TM210, TM310 or TM220 etc. However,
no matter which high mode is used the field computation is
more complicated than that of fundamental mode. It is very
important to analyze the field of output cavity because it
directly governs the output properties of MBK.
Although Ref.[2] and Ref.[3] etc. have reported some
useful methods for the numerical computation of waveguide
loaded output cavities, what they used is either conventional
method for closed cavities or finite element method for
eigenvalue problems. Based on the fundamental mode they
can't compute HMOC and are very complicated to analyze
and calculate.
This paper describes a new numerical method based on
BEM for the field analysis of HMOC. A computer program is
developed and the resonant frequency, external Q value and
field distribution of TM210 HMOC are computed. The results
agree well with those of Ref. [4].

Wcvvguide

rn L*tv

fl

V2u +k2U = 0

(1)

where k denotes free space wavenumber.


The region Q enclosed by metallic boundary Fm and virtual
boundary F, is regarded as the solution region. On the
boundary of Q, u satisfies the following boundary conditions:
(1) On the metallic boundary Fm,
u =O

(2)

(2) On the virtual boundary FV,


We consider here the incident TE1o mode wave um coming
from the right hand side of the mode. If Fv is located
sufficiently far from the cavity, the incident and reflection
waves are composed of only the fundamental modes.
According to Ref.[3], we have
-+

On

j,8u = 2 j,8u i(3)

where /5==k2-(z/a)2
u = Eo exp(j,Ix) cos(;Ty / a),
n is the normal component to

waveguide.

Fv, a is the width of the

B. Boundary Element Equations


Considering (1), (2) and (3), we have the following boundary

element integral equation:

Ciu, + j
Fig. 1 Waveguide loaded output cavity

(q* +jIu*)udF = j

u*qdF + j

2j/lu*uindF
(4)

where C. is a coefficient[51,

*
=

(I/ 4j)HO(2, (kr)

q= (jk / 4)HI2) (kr) cos a

* NUMERICAL RESULTS

The method introduced in this paper is applicable to any 2-D

TM,o mode output cavity. We have developed a code for the


Discretizing Fm and F, into Nm and N, linear elements computation of TMmno HMOC. As an example, we have
computed the resonant frequency, external Q value and field

respectively and using linear isoparametric boundary distribution of a


TM210 mode output cavity, as shown in Fig.3,
elements, we have the following matrix equation[5]:
where a=3Omm,t=1.5mm,L=60mm,W=40mm.
Fig.4 and 5 show the dependence of the resonant frequency
and
Q value on the iris opening width c/a for the case
(5) D=a.external
([H][G]) 4 = {F}
About 115 elements are used. It can be seen that the
present method gives the values consistent with those by
where [H] and [G] are N 4\NI nd N N,m matrixes Ref.[4], which used about 6000 finite elements.
Fig.6 is the field distribution curve. We find that the field in
respectively (N=Nv+Nm); {u} and {q}are N, -D and Nm -D
the cavity has two crests and the reflection of incident wave is
vectors respectively; {F} is a N-D vector.
In (5), [H],[G] and {F} are only the functions of the total reflection.
frequency of incident wave. For a given frequency, [H], [G]
and {F} can be computed and then {u} and {q} can be solved
CONCLUSION
by (5).
In this paper, a new numerical method was established for
the computation of resonant frequency, external Q value and
C. Field Distribution
The electric field at arbitrary point i(xi, yj) in region Q can field distribution of HMOC. The present method is applicable
to any 2-D TMmno mode output cavity. Compared with Ref.
be obtained by the same discretization process:
[2-4], it has many advantages such as less computer time, high
precision and more convenient treatment to the open
U(X, y) - (H(eV) + jiG/ev )Ue + E e+ Z F(v) boundaries etc. We are extending our method to 3-D problems.
e=l

e=l

e=l

(6)

REFERENCE

where
G(v) Gl(m)
whreH(V)
are the functions of
e
e and fv(v)
Gie
ie
frequency of incident wave and (xi, yj). For a given frequency, [1] Ding Yaogen, Peng Jun, "Multi-beam klystron: a new type of high power
once the {u}&{q} are solved by (5), the field distribution can
microwave amplifier" (in Chinese), Journal of Electronics, Vol. 18,No. 1,
be computed by (6).
pp64-71,1996.
[2] N.M.Kroll et al, "Computer determination of the external Q resonant
frequency of waveguide loaded cavities", Particle Accelerators, Vol.34,
D. Resonant Frequency & External Q Value
p.231-250,1990.
By varying the frequency of incident wave and solving (6),
"A
we can get the resonant curve of electric field at one given [3] Hajime Igarashi et al, numerical computation of external Q of
resonant cavities", IEEE Trans. Magnetics,
point in the cavity. By means of the curve we can easily know
Vol.3 1,No.3,pp.1642-1645,1995.
the resonant frequency f0 and external Q value,
[4] S. Silaev, "Isoparametric finite-element analysis of time- harmonic
Qext(=fo/(f2-f1)), as shown in Fig.2.
electromagnetic fields in three dimensions", Nuclear Instruments and

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of resonant curve

Methods in Physics Research Vol.A328, pp.535-541,1993


[5] Wang Yong, et al, "Boundary element analysis for filter type output
section of broadband klystron", (in Chinese) Journal of Microwaves,
Vol.15 No.1, pp.58-62,1999.

Fig.3 Schematic of TM210 mode output cavity

a/
Fig.4 Resonant frequency vs. iris opening width c/a

I
tu

I
Fg a~~~~~
Eu
0

ak

M4

e
ase

asg

Fig.5 External Q value vs. iris opening width c/a

x t"

Fig.6 Field distribution of the TM210 mode output cavity


(y=O,c=0.5a,D=5a,f=6073.497 MHz)

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