Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Agenda
Overview
Single Chiller/Heater Configurations
Multiple Chiller/ Heater Bi-directional Cascade
Water-to-Water Heat Pump Configurations
A Few Lessons
Additional Resources
Q&A
WSHPs
Dedicated outdoor air units
Optional fluid cooler
Water pumps
Geo heat exchanger
vertical-loop ground
heat exchanger (borefield)
heat
pumps
water pumps
chiller/heaters
Air handlers
VAV boxes
Easy to maintain
Central equipment, few cooling units
Uses equipment rooms, no access to occupied space
required
Simpler coil condensate collection
Good IAQ
Many filtration options available (LEED EQ 5 MERV 13)
Easier to deliver 30% more outdoor air (LEED EQ 2)
Vertical Markets
Education
Primary and secondary
Colleges and universities
Government
Federal sector
State and county level
Long-term owners
Accept extended payback periods
Interested in embracing green technologies
Usually have space for a borefield
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Incentives
Utility
Reimbursement
Tax (if private)
www.dsireusa.org
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Central Geothermal
System Types
System Type
Single chiller/heater
systems
cascading
multi-chiller/heater
systems
Water-to-water
heat pump system
12
Capacity Range
Target Market
K / 12 Schools
Simpler / Smaller
(based on typical industry units) Premium Efficiency
70-250 tons
Agenda
Single Chiller-Heater Central Geothermal Systems
Four-pipe distribution system configuration
13
Single Chiller-Heater
Allow screw compressor chiller-heater based CGS
systems down to 70-75 tons
Simple configurations
Simpler operation
Two basic distribution configurations:
4-pipe simultaneous heating/cooling
2-pipe changeover heating/cooling
14
aux
heat
from
ground
source
P-HT
cond
VAL-1 / VGS
CHR-1
Chiller/Heater
P-GS
P-CH
evap
to
ground
source
cooling
loads
15
aux
heat
from
ground
source
P-HT
cond
VAL-1 / VGS
CHR-1
Chiller/Heater
P-GS
P-CH
evap
to
ground
source
16
cooling
loads
aux
heat
from
ground
source
P-HT
cond
VAL-1 / VGS
CHR-1
Chiller/Heater
P-GS
P-CH
evap
to
ground
source
17
cooling
loads
heating
loads
heating water
by-pass
aux
heat
P-CD
cond
VAL-1 / VGS
CHR-1
Chiller/Heater
P-GS
P-CH
to
ground
source
P-HT
evap
chilled water
by-pass
cooling
loads
18
aux
heat
from
ground
source
P-HT
cond
VAL-1 / VGS
CHR-1
Chiller/Heater
P-GS
P-CH
evap
to
ground
source
cooling
loads
19
20
from
ground
source
cond
P-HT
VAL-1 / VGS
P-GS
Chiller/Heater
P-CH
to
ground
source
aux
heat
evap
aux
Contingency
Cooling
cooling
Connections
cooling
loads
21
Single Chiller/Heater
Central Geothermal Systems
to
ground
source
V3
V1
P-DS
auxiliary
heat
from
ground
source
P-GS
cond
V4
building
loads
Chiller/
Heater
evap
V2
23
V3
water distribution
V1
will likely be constant flow
or primary/secondary
from
ground
source
P-GS
P-DS
auxiliary
heat
cond
V4
building
loads
Chiller/
Heater
evap
V2
24
V3
V1
P-DS
auxiliary
heat
from
ground
source
P-GS
cond
V4
evap
Ground-source loop
providing cool water to the
chiller/heater condenser
V2
25
building
loads
Chiller/
Heater
V3
V1
P-DS
auxiliary
heat
from
ground
source
P-GS
cond
V4
building
loads
Chiller/
Heater
evap
26
V2
Ground-source loop
V1
chiller/heater evaporator
P-DS
auxiliary
heat
from
ground
source
P-GS
cond
V4
building
loads
Chiller/
Heater
evap
V2
27
Multi-Chiller/Heater Cascading
Central Geothermal Systems
Multi-Chiller/Heater Cascading
from
ground
source
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
29
M VAL-3
/ VCC
Operating conditions
38 leaving chilled water
140 leaving condenser water (lower is better)
Not at the same time!
30
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
31
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
Cooling system
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
evap
M
PC
cooling
load
32
On
Heat
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
cond
A
M
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
M
heating
load
cond
B
evap
Heating system
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
33
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
Ground-source loop
should be variable
flow for pumping
efficiency
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
34
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
35
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
36
M VAL-3
/ VCC
VAL-1 / VGSC
PB
to
ground
source
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
37
M VAL-3
/ VCC
38
PC
PH
Cooling
load
evap
Water-to-Water
Heat Pumps
From wellfield
PW
To wellfield
39
cond
evap
On
Cool
On
Cool
cond
cond
Off
evap
On
Heat
40
Application Comparison
41
Heat Recovery
Significantly cooling
dominant
Relatively low peak or
average heating load
Right-sized heat
recovery unit
Energy and ROI driven
Ground-Source Sizing
Must consider
Peak building demand
Annualized building energy balance
Optimization
Reduce peak demand cooling and heating
Balance annual heating and cooling loads
Consider a hybrid system design
Fluid cooler
Pond / lake system
42
Heating Dominate
Seasonal Load Profile
Building Load Profile
600000
Cooling
Energy
Heating
0
Jan Feb Mar
Jul
Month
43
Cooling Dominate
Seasonal Load Profile
Total vs. monthly?
Building Load Profile
500000
Cooling
Energy
Heating
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
44
Multi-Chiller/Heater Cascading
from
ground
source
VAL-1 / VGSC
to
ground
source
PB
PH
M
M
heating
load
PLc
cond
A
VAL-2
/ VEC
On
Cool
cond
B
evap
On
Heat
evap
M
PLe
PC
cooling
load
46
M VAL-3
/ VCC
47
A Few Lessons
Do not oversize the plant!
Do a computerized load analysis not rule of thumb
Size for block loading - not sum of the coil peaks
48
Additional Resources
Applications Engineering Manual - SYS-APM009-EN
includes single and multiple chiller/heater configurations.
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