THESIS REPORT

MEDICAL COLLEGE,DWARKA

CHAPTER-1

MEDICAL EDCATION & HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY IN INDIA

MEDICAL EDUCATION AND ITS DEMAND

There are two reports available on demand in medical education which forecasts the
current scenario in medical education in India.
1. A new report from RNCOS foresees growing demand for medical education services in
India over the next few years. (14 January 2010)
India has been witnessing remarkable growth and developments in its higher
education sector, owing to emergence of the country as a service-oriented economy. In line
with the development of various services industries including banking, healthcare and retail,
increasing demand for various kinds of technical and medical education courses has been
rising in the country in recent years. Although India offers tremendous growth potential for
variety of higher education degree/diploma courses, medical education service market has
emerged as the most lucrative segment of the industry, says RNCOS latest research report
"Indian Education Services - A Hot Opportunity".
The report states that despite the continuous growth in Indian medical education
sector over the past few years, the country has not been able to adequately meet the
constantly growing needs for medical professionals in the country. This is reflected in the
shortage of healthcare service professionals i.e. doctors and nurses among others, with
extensive disparities existing not only between urban and rural India, but also between
various states of the country.
The research's demand-supply model indicates that if India wants to increase its
doctors to patient ratio to the global average of 15, the country would require several
million more doctors to meet the growing demand for healthcare services. A similar demand
is expected for nurses in the country over the next few years. Thus, there is an urgent need

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to expand medical education system in India while keeping into consideration the quality
issues in providing medical education.
"Indian Education Services - A Hot Opportunity" provides extensive research and
rational analysis of the higher education system in India. It gives the current status of the
higher education system, overview of the number of universities, technical education
institutions and colleges available in the country. Besides this, it gives analysis of the type of
courses that will remain in high demand over the next few years. It also lists the regions
which are most appropriate for setting up new medical and technical institutes along with
others in the country.
(http://www.edu-leaders.com/content/demand-medical-education-continues-boom-india)

2. CYGNUS Business Consulting & Research, May 2010, Pages: 144

According to Cygnus estimates, Indias medical education market (both dental and
medical) in 2009-10 is Rs21 billion which grew by a CAGR about 10% in last three years.
Cygnus further estimates Indian medical education market to grow at a CAGR of 18% by
2012-13 to attain a market size of Rs35 billion. In order to achieve the 1:1,000 doctorpatient ratio and 1:7,500 dentist-to-population ratio, as recommended by the World Health
Organisation (WHO), India needs at least 600,000 doctors, 200,000 dental surgeons and one
million nurses. Against this the country produces only 23,000 new doctors, 13,000 dental
doctors and 45,000 nurses every year. Therefore a huge demand supply gap exists in
medical

education.

In India, the growing awareness of the role of health development as a vital

component of socio-economic development, has contributed to the increase in number of
medical colleges. In the past ten years, the total number of colleges (Medical & Dental)
increased to 572 in 2008-09 from just 324 colleges in 2000-01, registering a growth of 65%.
In spite of the continuous growth in the medical education sector over the past few years,
the country has not been able to meet the growing needs for medical professionals in the
country. Therefore the medical education market in India offers an excellent investment
opportunity.
In the backdrop of above scenario Cygnus Business Consulting & Research has come

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MEDICAL COLLEGE,DWARKA

out with a report on Indian Medical Education Market. The report discusses about overview
of medical education as a part of higher education, scenario regarding students enrolment,
key growth drivers, issues and challenges, major regulations for setting up and running a
medical college, quality accreditation for a medical college, critical success factors, major
medical colleges, how to set up a medical college and outlook of medical education market.
The report will be useful for researchers involved in higher education market in
India, prospective investors interested in setting up an institute for medical education,
private equity firms involved in higher education financing and also for others looking at the
education market for some academic research.

PRESENT HEALTHCARE STATUS IN INDIA

The Indian healthcare industry is up against a shortfall of 45,000 doctors by 2012 and
350,000 nurses just of primary and secondary care by 2015. This prognosis is held out by a
ficci-ernst & young analysis on the Indian healthcare industry. The healthcare status in India
compares very poorly with the advanced countries like us. The cii and McKinney healthcare
report specify some starting facts and the stark reality of the situation is quite disturbing.
The report says
India Has Only 1.2 Doctors Per 1000 People.
Hospital Beds To Patients Ratio Are 1.5: 1000 Compared To 7.4: 1000 In Us.
Nurses To Patients Ratio Is 0.9: 1000 (Less Than Even Doctors) Compared To 7.5: 1000 In Us.
According To W.H.O. Report, India Needs To Add 80,000 Hospital Beds Each Year For The
Next Five Years To Meet The Demands Of Is Population.
Infant Mortality Is High India. 80 Out Of Every 1,000 Children Die. This Figure Is Just 9 In The
Us And 30 For Every 1000 In Thailand.
Life Expectancy In India Is Amongst The Lowest At 55.5. Compare This With The United
States At 75.5, And 66.5 For Thailand.

The medical education status in India

Geography
All India

Number Of
Seats
31329

Number Of Medical
Colleges
289

SOURCE: (project report, PIMS, Eligibility criteria & qualifying criteria)

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MEDICAL COLLEGE,DWARKA

CHANGING SCENARIO OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

The healthcare delivery system which is the main segment of the healthcare industry
is growing by 15% and in India the same is stated to grow massively to US $280 billion by
2020. According to a report by WHO, in the next 5 years the demand for health delivery
system will increase as per the growing population and to meet the rising demand India
needs to add 80, 000 beds each year. Key Growth Drivers for Medical Technology Industry in
India.

SOURCE: (Sash 2013, national conference on safe & sustainable hospital)

MEDICAL COUNCIL OF INDIA (MCI)

The Medical Council of India (MCI) is a statutory body with the responsibility of
establishing and maintaining high standards of medical education and recognition of
medical qualifications in India. It registers doctors to practice in India, in order to protect
and promote the health and safety of the public by ensuring proper standards in the
practice of medicine. MCIs mission is to develop systems which shall continuously assess
the needs, enhance the quality and standards of medical education and training in India. Its
objective is to attract, foster talent, provide the best opportunities for career advancement
and the spirit of excellence in medical profession.
The large gaps in health care accessibility in rural parts of the country, the need for
enhanced clinical competence and limited opportunities for post-graduate training are
MCIs major concerns. MCI will endeavour to build the capacity and competency of doctors.
It is equally important that the activities of the Council should continue to be carried out
with full accountability, transparency and efficiency. The procedure to start a new medical
college is prescribed on MCIs website, in which the minimum standard requirement for 50 /
100/ 150 / 200/ 250/ admission annually is provided. The Medical Council of India currently
(2011) fully recognizes 345,[1] with a total capacity to train 40, 525 Indian medical students.
Medical Council of India's motto is to provide quality medical care to all Indians through
promotion and maintenance of excellence in medical education. Their website maintains an
up to date list. Medical education in a private institute is a very expensive affair. Though
India has several medical schools and produces thousands of medical graduates every year,
there is a great shortage of doctors in the rural areas. Most of the graduates do not like to
practice in rural areas due to under staffed hospitals & lack of facilities.

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India is one of the few countries which produce many medical graduates from its
medical schools who work not only in India but in many other countries all over the world,
especially Middle East, UK and USA. Most of the medical institutes were set up by the
central and state governments in 50s and 60s. But in 1980s several private medical institutes
were started in several states especially Karnataka. Andhra Pradesh state allowed start of
several private institutions in new millennium. Medical schools quality is controlled by the
central regulatory authority, Medical Council of India which performs inspection of the
institutes from time to time, and recognizes the institute for the educational courses.

MEDICAL EDUCATION PROGRAME

The basic medical qualification obtained in Indian medical schools is called MBBS.
The MBBS course is of four and a half years and is followed by one year of Compulsory
Rotating Residential Internship (CRRI). MBBS course is followed by MS, a post-graduation
course in surgical specialties-MS or MD, and DNB(Highly qualified P.G. and Super
specialization) a post graduate course in medical specialities which are usually of 3 years
duration or by diploma postgraduate courses which are of 2 years duration.
Super or sub-specialities can be pursued and only a MS or MD holder is eligible. A
qualification in super or sub speciality is called DM or M.Ch. Entry into medical education is
based on entrance examination in most of the states. Some prestigious institutes like All
India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), CMC vellore, Jawaharlal Institute of
Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) and Armed Forces Medical College
(AFMC) conduct entrance tests at national levels and attract candidates from all over the
country.
SOURCE (http://www.mciindia.org/ChairmansDesk.aspx)
A teaching hospital is a hospital that provides clinical education and training to
future and current doctors, nurses, and other health professionals, in addition to delivering
medical

care

to

patients.

They

are

generally

affiliated

with medical

schools or universities (hence the alternative term university hospital), and may be owned
by a university or may form part of a wider regional or national health system.
SOURCE (http://www.GOOGLE.org/ChairmansDesk.aspx)