Pengaruh tulangan tekan pada Kekuatan dan

Perilaku

ENCV600101 - Perancangan
Struktur Beton 1

a1

Ch 3 Lentur: Balok dengan tulangan

tekan
Sjahril A. Rahim
Departemen Teknik Sipil FTUI
2014

cu

c1

j1d=(d-a/2)

As

T=Asf y

s
b
d'
a2 < a1

cu

As'
a2

h
As

c1 c2

Tulangan tarik As
Tulanga tekan As=0
Cc1=T
T=Asfy
Cc1
>
Depth a1
>
Lengan momen: j1d
Mn=Asfy(j1d)
j1
little >

Cs

Cc2
j2d

Dgn tulangan
tekan

Perbandingan

Cc1

T=Asf y
Tanpa tulangan
tekan

Peningkatan kapasitas momen akibat t

ulangan tekan

Tulangan tarik As
Tulangan tekan As
C=Cc2+Cs=T
T=Asfy
Cc2
a2
Lengan momen: j2d
Mn=Asfy (j2d)
j2

Addition of comp. steel little effect on the usable ultimate moment

Alasan untuk menyediakan tulangan

tekan

Mengurangi defleksi beban yang

berkelanjutan

Mengurangi defleksi beban yang

berkelanjutan
Peningkatan daktilitas
Perubahan kegagalan mode dari keruntukan
tekan menjadi keruntuhan tarik
Memudahkan fabrikasi

Meningkatkan daktilitas

Merubah moda keruntuhan dari tekan

ke tarik

Analysis of Beams with tension and

Compression reinforcement
0.003

b
d'

As'

0.85fc'
a

fs'

Cs

a/2

Cc

d=dt

h
As

d'

As'
d=dt
As1

Cs
(d-d')

fs=fy

sy

0.85fc'
a

T1=As1fy

a/2

d=dt

Analysis of Beams with tension and

Compression reinforcement
The strain, stresses distribution and internal forces see figure
b,c and d.
The cross section was hypothetically divided in to two beams;
Beam 1, consisting of the compression reinforcement at the top
and sufficient at the bottom so that T1 = Cs, and beam 2,
consisting of the concrete web and the remaining tensile
reinforcement, as shown in Figure e and f.
The strain and stress in the compression reinforcement:

Cc

c d'
s'
0,003
c

(d-a/2)

As2

T2=As2fy

If

s' y
y

where

Case 1: Compression steel yields

The beam can be divided in to two imaginary beams, each
with C=T:
Beam 1: Consist of reinforcement in tension and compression
and resists moment as steel force couple.

d=dt
As1

Beam 1

f s' f y

Es

Case 1: Compression steel yields

Beam 2: Consist of the concrete plus the remaining steel:
0.85fc'
a/2

Cc

d=dt

d'

As'

then
fy

f s s Es

Cs=As'f's

C s T1

(d-a/2)

As2

T2=As2fy

As' f y As1 f y

(d-d')

As1 As'

T1=As1fy

M s1 As' f y d d '

As 2 As As1
fs f y
As1 As'
Cc 0,85 f c'ba

Since C=T for beam 2, where T=(As-As)fy, the depth of the

compression stress block, a, is
a

A A f
s

'
s

0,85 fc ' b

Case 1: Compression steel yields

Case 1: Compression steel yields

The nominal moment capacity of beam 2 is:

M n2

Correction due to concrete displaced by steel compression:

0,85 f c'

As1 As' 1

f y

( As A ) f y d
2

'
s

and

The total moment capacity of a beam with compression steel is

0,85 f c'
f y d d ' As As' 1 0,85 f c' f y d a
M n As' 1

f y
2

M n As' f y (d d ' ) ( As As' ) f y d

2

where

Determination of Whether fs=fy in

Compression Reinforcement
'
s

f Es

Untuk mengkonfirmasi bahwa tulangan tekan leleh, tunjukkan

s' y
kemudian

fy
Es

f y MPa
200.000MPa

fs' fy

0,85 f c'
'
f y
As As 1
f y

a
0,85 fc ' b

0.003

b
'
s

Determination of Whether fs=fy in Tension

Reinforcement

Tulangan tekan leleh, jika:

c d'
s'
0,003
c

d'

As'

d=dt

Dengan kedalaman sumbu netral diketahui,

asumsi kelelehan ketegangan baja tulangan
dapat diperiksa. Dari segitiga serupa dalam
distribusi regangan linear pada gambar,
ekspresi berikut dapat diturunkan:

As

cu
d c
c

d c
sehingga s
cu
c
Untuk mengkonfirmasi tulangan tarik leleh, tunjukkan

s y

fy
Es

f y MPa
200.000MPa

Case 1: Compression steel does not

yields

Case 1: Compression steel does not

yields

If the compression reinforcement does not yield, fs is not

known, and different solution is required. Assuming that
tensile steel yields, the internal forces in the beam are:

This can be reduced to the quadratic equation in a, given by:

(0,85 f c'b )a 2 (0,003E s As' As f y )a (0,003E s As' 1d ' ) 0

T As f y

Once the depth of the stress block, a, is known, the nominal

moment capacity of the section is

Cc 0,85 f c'ba

Ignoring the correction to the compressive stress in the steel:

C s ( Es s' ) As'

where

M n Cc d C s ( d d ' )
2

d'
s' 1 1 0,003
a

From the equilibrium:

Cc C s T
d'
0,85 f c'ba Es As' 1 1 0,003 As f y
a

Determination of Whether fs=fy in Tension

Reinforcement
0.003

b
d'

As'

d=dt

Dengan kedalaman sumbu netral diketahui,

asumsi kelelehan ketegangan baja tulangan
dapat diperiksa. Dari segitiga serupa dalam
distribusi regangan linear pada gambar,
ekspresi berikut dapat diturunkan:

As

Pengecekan regangan tarik net, t

b
d'

As'
h

c
dt d

As

cu
d c
c

d c
sehingga s
cu
c
Untuk mengkonfirmasi tulangan tarik leleh, tunjukkan

s y

fy
Es

f y MPa
200.000MPa

Dengan kedalaman sumbu netral

diketahui, strain regangan tarik net pada
tulangan tarik terjauh dapat di ceck,. Dari
segitiga serupa dalam distribusi regangan
linear pada gambar, ekspresi berikut
dapat diturunkan:

t
t

cu
dt c
c

d c
sehingga t t
cu
c

Untuk menjamin potongan balok daktail, pastikan bahwa regangan tarik net:
t 0.004
untuk memenuhi SNI 2847:2013, Pasal 10.3.5

new

Upper Limit on Reinforcement in Beams

Upper Limit on Double Reinforcement in Beams

0.003

b
d'

As'

Under-reinforced beams fails in a ductile manner

Over-reinforced beams in a brittle manner
SNI section 10.3.5 attempts to prevent non-ductile
failures by limiting the strain t at nominal flexural
strength condition shall be greater than or equal to 0,004:

t 0,004

fs'

a/2

As

s=0.004

Strain compatibility:

cu
d
cu s t

Cs
Cc

fs=fy

cu
d
cu 0.004 t

Equilibrium: C=T
0.85 f c' ab C s 0.851 f c' bc ' f y bd max f y bd ' bd
f c'
cu
f y cu 0.004
f s' f y

max ' if
max '

Tulangan minimum pada komponen struktur

lentur
ACI 318/SNI 2847:2013 Pasal 10.5.1 menentukan luas minimum tulangan
longitudinal berikut untuk potongan balok yang di lentur positif,

0.25 f c'
1.4bw d
bw d
fy
fy

d=dt

max 0.851

As ,min

0.85fc'

(10.3)

'
s

f
fy

if

f s' f y

Ties for Compression Reinforcement

As the ultimate load is approach the compression steel in
a beam may buckle, causing the surface layer of concrete
to spall off, possibly leading to failure. For this reason it
is necessary to enclose compression reinforcement with
closed stirrup or ties. Please refer to SNI 9.11 for details.

fc dan fy dalam Mpa.

bw = lebar badan balok, d = tinggi efektif balok

Analysis procedure of a Beam with

Compression Reinforcement: Compression
reinforcement yields
Assuming that fs=fy and fs=fy and divide the beam
into two components
Compute a for beam 2
Check if compression reinforcement steel yields
Check if fs=fy and whether the section is tensioncontrolled
Check if As As,min
Compute Mn

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
Assume fs=fy
fs=fy
Beam 1

Beam 2

As 2 As As1

As1 As'

( As As' ) f y
0,85 f c'b
c

a
1

c d'
s'
cu
c

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
1

Check yielding of
compression reinforcement

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
2

fy
Es
As ,min

s' y
Check for minimum
reinforcement

f s' f y

bd

1,4bd
fy

As As, min
Y

Beam 1

d c
s
cu
c

f c'
4 fy

M n1 As' f y d d '

Increase As

Beam 2
a
Mn2 (As As' ) fy d
2

s y

M n M n1 M n 2

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
d c
t t
cu
c

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not yields
Assume fs=fy
fs=fy

Regangan tarik net

Beam 1

t0.005

Beam 2

As 2 As As1

As1 As'

=0.90

0.005<t0.004

=0,65+(t-0,002)(250/3)

( As As' ) f y
0,85 f c'b

t0.004

a
1

=0.65
c d'
s'
cu
c

n1

n2

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
1

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
2

fy
Es

s' y

d c
s
cu
c

s y

Check for tension control

Y

f s' f y

Y
As ,min

f c'
1,4bw d
bw d
4 fy
fy

(0,85 f c'b)a 2 (0,003Es As' As f y )a (0,003Es As' 1d ' ) 0

Check for minimum
reinforcement

Solving for a

As As , min

Increase As

2
3

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields

d c
t t
cu
c

Regangan tarik net

'
c

Cc 0,85 f ba
d c
s'
cu
c
C s Es s' As'

t0.005

y
0.005<t0.004

M n C c d C s (d d ' )
2

=0,65+(t-0,002)(250/3)

t0.004

=0.65

M n Cc d C s (d d ' )
2

Design procedure of a Beam with

Compression Reinforcement:

Latihan 1 Analisis
Rectangular beam with compression reinforcement
Compute Mn for the beam shown in Figure 1, where fc=20 MPa,
fy=400 MPa, b=300 mm, d=810 mm, dt= 935 mm, d=65 mm and
h=900 mm.
d'

2D28 mm
d

Case 1: d=65 mm

0.003

b
d'

As'

0.85fc'
a

fs'

a/2

Cs
Cc

d=dt

h
As

6D28 mm

=0.90

fs=fy

b
Figure 1

Design procedure of a Beam with

Compression Reinforcement:

Latihan 2 Analisis
Rectangular beam with compression reinforcement
Compute Mn for the beam shown in Figure 1, where fc=20 MPa,
fy=400 MPa, b=300 mm, d=810 mm, dt= 935 mm, d=80 mm and
h=900 mm.
d'

2D28 mm
d

1.

2.

Case 2: d=80 mm
3.

6D28 mm

4.

b
Figure 1

Design procedure of a Beam with

Compression Reinforcement:
6. If <cy, the compression steel stress is less than fy and the compression
steel area must be increased to provide the needed force. This can be
done as follows. The stress block depth is found from the requirement of
horizontal equilibrium, a=(As-As)fy/(0.85fcb) or
a=[As-As(fs/fy)]fy/(0.85fcb) and the neutral axis depth is c=a/1. and
from Eq3.55, fs=cuEs(c-d)/c. The revised compression steel area,
acting at fs, must provide the same force as the trial steel area that was
assumed to act at fy. Therefore, As,revised=As,trialfy/fs. The tensile steel
area need not be revised, because it acts at fy as assumed.

5.

Calculate the maximum moment that can be resisted by the

undereinforced section with =max, or 0.005 to ensure =0.90. The
corresponding tensile area is As=bd, and Mn=Asfy(d-a/2), with
a=(Asfy)/(0.85fcb)
Find the excess moment, if any, that must be resisted, and set M2=Mn, as
calculated in step 1, M1=Mu/-M2. Now As from step 1 is defined as
As2, ie., that part of the tension steel area in the double reinforced beam
that works with the compression force in the concrete, As-As=As2.
Tentatively assume that fs=fy. Then As=M1/(fy(d-d). Alternatively, if
the compression reinforcement is known not to yield, go to step 6.
Add an additional amount of tensile steel As1=As. Thus, the total
tensile steel reinforcement area As is As2 from step 2 plus As1.
Analyze the doubley reinforced beam to see if fs=fy; that is, check the
tensile reinforcement ratio against cy.

Given: b,h,d,d,
Mu

Design procedure of a
Beam with Compression
Reinforcement:

Assume: =0.005,
=0.90

As=bd

As f y
0,85 f c'b

M n As f y ( d a / 2)

Mn
Mu

Single
reinforcement

10

Design procedure of a Beam with

Compression Reinforcement:

M2=Mn
M1

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
Assume fs=fy
fs=fy

Mu
M2

Beam 1

f s=fy

Beam 2

As 2 As
As'

M1
f y (d d ' )

As 2 As As1

As1 As'

c=a/1
a

As1=As
c d'
s'
cu
c

As=As1+As2

( As As' ) f y
0,85 f c'b
c

a
1

sy

c d'
s'
cu
c

6
3

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
3

Check yielding of
compression reinforcement

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields
4

fy
Es
As ,min

s' y
Check for minimum
reinforcement

f s' f y

bd

1,4bd
fy

As As, min
Y

Beam 1

d c
s
cu
c

f c'
4 fy

M n1 As' f y d d '

Increase As

Beam 2
a
Mn2 (As As' ) fy d
2

s y

M n M n1 M n 2

11

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement yields

Design procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement does not yields
6

d c
t t
cu
c

Regangan tarik net

fs=sEs

t0.005

=0.90

M1

y
0.005<t0.004

As'

=0,65+(t-0,002)(250/3)

t0.004

Mu
M2

M1
f s' (d d ' )

MM 1
'
A1As f ' (d 1 d ' )
f y (s d d ' )

=0.65

As=As1+As2
M

n1

n2

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not yields
Assume fs=fy
fs=fy

7
Beam 1

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
8

fy
Es

Beam 2

As 2 As As1

As1 As'

( As As' ) f y
0,85 f c'b

c d'
s'
cu
c

a
1

s' y
y

f s' f y

(0,85 f c'b)a 2 (0,003Es As' As f y )a (0,003Es As' 1d ' ) 0

Solving for a

12

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
9

d c
s
cu
c

a
1

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
10
Cc 0,85 f c'ba
d c
s'
cu
c
C s Es s' As'

s y

Check for tension control

Y
As ,min

Check for minimum

reinforcement

f c'
1,4bw d
bw d
4 fy
fy

As As , min

M n C c d C s (d d ' )
2

Increase As

11

10

Analysis procedure of a Beam with Compression

Reinforcement: Compression reinforcement Does
Not Yields
11

d c
t t
cu
c

t0.005

Regangan tarik net

y

=0.90

Latihan 3: Design
The beam shown in Figure 1 be 600 mm wide by 600 mm deep. The strength
of the concrete and steel are 20 MPa and 420 MPa, respectively. In addition
to its own dead load, the beam carries a superimposed service (unfactored)
dead load of 30 kN/m and service live load of 60 kN/m.
Compute the area of reinforcement required at midspan, and select the
reinforcement
Superimposed dead load = 20 kN/m
Service live load = 60 kN/m

y
0.005<t0.004

t0.004

=0,65+(t-0,002)(250/3)

8m

=0.65
h = 600 mm

M n Cc d C s (d d ' )
2

d = 535 mm

65 mm
b = 600 mm

13

Alternative determination of Whether

fs=fy in Tension Reinforcement

Daftar referensi
1.
2.
3.

James K Wight, James McGregor : Reinforced Concrete, Mechanics and

Design, Sixth Edition, Pearson, 2012
________________, Persyaratan beton struktural untuk bangunan gedung,
SNI 2847:2013, Badan Standarisai nasional
________________, Building Code requirements for Structural Concrete,
ACI 318-2011, American Concrete Institute

The tension steel will yield if a tension or balanced failure

occurs.
If fs=fy, the balance conditions:

A A f
s

'
s

'
s

/ fy fy

0,851 f c ' bd

Old

600
600 f y

Substituting =As/bd and =As/bd gives

'
'

' f s 0,851 f c 600

fy
fy

600 f y
b

If

( ' f s' / f y ) ( ' f s' / f y ) b

then

fs f y

Upper Limit on Tension Reinforcement

in Beams with Compression Steel

Old

( ' ) 0,75( ' )b

'

where

600

600 f y

'b 0,851 f c
fy

or

'
'

' f s 0,85 1 f c 600

600 f y
f y
fy

14